TY - JOUR A1 - Abbas, Aennes A1 - Schneider, Ilona A1 - Bollmann, Anna A1 - Funke, Jan A1 - Oehlmann, Jörg A1 - Prasse, Carsten A1 - Schulte-Oehlmann, Ulrike A1 - Seitz, Wolfram A1 - Ternes, Thomas A1 - Weber, Marcus A1 - Wesely, Henning A1 - Wagner, Martin T1 - What you extract is what you see: Optimising the preparation of water and wastewater samples for in vitro bioassays JF - Water Research N2 - The assessment of water quality is crucial for safeguarding drinking water resources and ecosystem integrity. To this end, sample preparation and extraction is critically important, especially when investigating emerging contaminants and the toxicity of water samples. As extraction methods are rarely optimised for bioassays but rather adopted from chemical analysis, this may result in a misrepresentation of the actual toxicity. In this study, surface water, groundwater, hospital and municipal wastewater were used to characterise the impacts of common sample preparation techniques (acidification, filtration and solid phase extraction (SPE)) on the outcomes of eleven in vitro bioassays. The latter covered endocrine activity (reporter gene assays for estrogen, androgen, aryl-hydrocarbon, retinoic acid, retinoid X, vitamin D, thyroid receptor), mutagenicity (Ames fluctuation test), genotoxicity (umu test) and cytotoxicity. Water samples extracted using different SPE sorbents (Oasis HLB, Supelco ENVI-Carb+, Telos C18/ENV) at acidic and neutral pH were compared for their performance in recovering biological effects. Acidification, commonly used for stabilisation, significantly altered the endocrine activity and toxicity of most (waste)water samples. Sample filtration did not affect the majority of endpoints but in certain cases affected the (anti-)estrogenic and dioxin-like activities. SPE extracts (10.4 × final concentration), including WWTP effluents, induced significant endocrine effects that were not detected in aqueous samples (0.63 × final concentration), such as estrogenic, (anti-)androgenic and dioxin-like activities. When ranking the SPE methods using multivariate Pareto optimisation an extraction with Telos C18/ENV at pH 7 was most effective in recovering toxicity. At the same time, these extracts were highly cytotoxic masking the endpoint under investigation. Compared to that, extraction at pH 2.5 enriched less cytotoxicity. In summary, our study demonstrates that sample preparation and extraction critically affect the outcome of bioassays when assessing the toxicity of water samples. Depending on the water matrix and the bioassay, these methods need to be optimised to accurately assess water quality. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.049 VL - 152 SP - 47 EP - 60 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lohrum, Stefan A1 - Schneider, Wolfram A1 - Willenborg, Josef T1 - De-duplication in KOBV N2 - In KOBV we offer the user an efficient tool for searching regional and worldwide accessible library catalogues (KOBV search engine). Search is performed by a distributed Z39.50 retrieval and an index based quicksearch. Due to the number of catalogues, result sets may contain a significant amount of duplicate records. Therefore we integrate a de-duplication procedure into KOBV search engine. It is part of the distributed search and the KOBV quicksearch as well. Main goals are the presentation of uniform retrieval results, the preservation of retrieval quality and cutting off redundant information. At least we keep an eye on efficiency. De-duplication is fully parametrizable, so that settings can be changed easily on line. T3 - ZIB-Report - SC-99-05 KW - de-duplication method KW - distributed library system KW - clustering Y1 - 1999 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:0297-zib-3931 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schneider, Wolfram T1 - Ein verteiltes Bibliotheks-Informationssystem auf Basis des Z39.50 Protokolls N2 - \\{\bf Zusammenfassung: }Diese Diplomarbeit beschreibt ein verteiltes Bibliotheks-Informationssystem für bibliographische Datenbanken im Internet. Der Name des Systems ist ZACK. Der Benutzer kann mit ZACK in einer oder mehreren bibliographischen Datenbanken nach einem Dokument suchen und die Treffer in die eigene lokale Datenbank übernehmen. Mit der Übernahme der Datensätze aus einer fremden Datenbank wird die Erfassung neuer Dokumente wesentlich erleichtert, da die Eigenkatalogisierung auf ein Minimum beschränkt werden kann. Es wird doppelte Arbeit vermieden, und die Datensätze haben eine gleichbleibend hohe Qualität. Bei der verteilten Suche mit ZACK wird parallel in mehreren Datenbanken gesucht. Dubletten werden als solche erkannt. Dem Benutzer wird eine übersichtliche Kurztrefferliste ohne doppelte Einträge angeboten. Er kann dann selbst entscheiden, aus welcher Datenbank er die Datensätze übernimmt. Die verteilte Suche hat in der Praxis eine deutlich bessere Trefferquote gebracht als die Suche in nur einer Datenbank. Dabei bleibt die Antwortzeit in einem für den Benutzer akzeptablen Rahmen. Die Kurztrefferliste wird durch die Dublettenkontrolle kürzer und übersichtlicher. English Title: A Distributed Library Information System on the Basis of the Z39.50 Protocol This diploma thesis desribes a distributed library information system for bibliographic databases in the Internet. The name of the system is ZACK. With ZACK the user is able to search for a particular document in several databases and to include the matches in his/her own local database. The inclusion of data records from an external database makes the capture of new documents much easier, as internal cataloging is reduced to a minimum. Double work is eliminated and a continuously high quality of data record is ensured. The distributed search by means of ZACK is carried out in several databases in parallel. Duplicates are recognized; and a short list of matches without double entries is offered. The user can then decide for himself from which database to include data records. In practice, a distributed search has produced far better results than the search in one particular database. Response times are within an acceptable limit for the user. The short list of hits is made clearer and more concise by the duplicate check. The diploma thesis is also available in PDF, HTML, and ASCII format: http://wolfram.schneider.org/lv/diplom/ . T3 - ZIB-Report - SC-99-21 KW - Z39.50 KW - duplication KW - distributed library KW - search engine KW - Dubletten KW - parallel Suche KW - verteiltes Bibliothekssystem KW - Metasuchmaschine Y1 - 1999 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:0297-zib-4092 ER -