<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>8221</id>
    <completedYear>2021</completedYear>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>5282</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>5291</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>11</issue>
    <volume>60</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2021-04-05</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Quantification of morning stiffness to assess disease activity and treatment effects in rheumatoid arthritis</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Objectives&#13;
&#13;
The clinical parameter “morning stiffness” is widely used to assess the status of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but its accurate quantitative assessment in a clinical setting has not yet been successful. This lack of individual quantification limits both personalized medication and efficacy evaluation in the treatment of RA.&#13;
Methods&#13;
&#13;
We have developed a novel technology to assess passive resistance of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) III joint (stiffness) and its Passive Range of Motion (PRoM). Within this pilot study, nineteen female postmenopausal RA patients and nine healthy controls were examined in the evening as well as in the morning of the following day. To verify the specificity of the biomechanical quantification, eleven patients with RA were assessed both prior to and ∼3 h after glucocorticoid therapy.&#13;
Results&#13;
&#13;
While the healthy controls showed only minor changes between afternoon and morning, in RA patients mean±SD PRoM decreased significantly by 18 ± 22% and stiffness increased significantly by 20 ± 18% in the morning compared with the previous afternoon. We found a significant positive correlation between RA activity and biomechanical measures. Glucocorticoids significantly increased mean PRoM by 16 ± 11% and reduced mean stiffness by 23 ± 22%.&#13;
Conclusion&#13;
&#13;
This technology allowed mechanical stiffness to be quantified in MCP joints, and has demonstrated high sensitivity in respect to disease status as well as medication effect in RA patients. Such non-invasive, low risk, and rapid assessment of biomechanical joint stiffness opens a novel avenue for judging therapy efficacy in patients with RA, and potentially also in other non-RA inflammatory joint diseases.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Rheumatology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1093/rheumatology/keab323</identifier>
    <enrichment key="PeerReviewed">yes</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="AcceptedDate">05.04.2021</enrichment>
    <author>Heide Boeth</author>
    <submitter>Rainald Ehrig</submitter>
    <author>Robert Biesen</author>
    <author>Jeremias Hollnagel</author>
    <author>Sandra Herrmann</author>
    <author>Rainald Ehrig</author>
    <author>Lorenzo Pelli</author>
    <author>William R. Taylor</author>
    <author>Georg Duda</author>
    <author>Frank Buttgereit</author>
    <collection role="persons" number="ehrig">Ehrig, Rainald</collection>
    <collection role="projects" number="MorningStiffness">MorningStiffness</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="MSoCP">Modeling and Simulation of Complex Processes</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
