<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>7693</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>058002</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>124</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2020-02-04</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Collective directional locking of colloidal monolayers on a periodic substrate</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We investigate the directional locking effects that arise when a monolayer of paramagnetic colloidal particles is driven across a triangular lattice of magnetic bubbles. We use an external rotating magnetic field to generate a two-dimensional traveling wave ratchet forcing the transport of particles along a direction that intersects two crystallographic axes of the lattice. We find that, while single particles show no preferred direction, collective effects induce transversal current and directional locking at high density via a spontaneous symmetry breaking. The colloidal current may be polarized via an additional bias field that makes one transport direction energetically preferred.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Phys. Rev. Lett.</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.058002</identifier>
    <enrichment key="PeerReviewed">yes</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="SourceTitle">Phys. Rev. Lett.</enrichment>
    <author>Ralph L. Stoop</author>
    <submitter>Arthur Straube</submitter>
    <author>Arthur Straube</author>
    <author>Tom H. Johansen</author>
    <author>Pietro Tierno</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="num">Numerical Mathematics</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="vas">Distributed Algorithms and Supercomputing</collection>
    <collection role="projects" number="no-project">no-project</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="straube">Straube, Arthur</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="MSoCP">Modeling and Simulation of Complex Processes</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
