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Sowohl die Logistik als auch die Automobilzulieferindustrie gehören seit jeher zu den Branchen mit der höchsten Wachstums- und Innovationskraft in Deutschland und Europa. Insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der sich aktuell rasant ändernden Umfeldbedingungen in der Automobilindustrie erlangt das Zusammenspiel beider Branchen eine neue Bedeutung. Die entstehenden Entwicklungs- und Produktionsnetzwerke erfordern von den Zulieferunternehmen der verschiedenen Ebenen ein Umdenken hinsichtlich der Ausgestaltung ihrer Value Chain sowie ihrer Geschäftsmodelle.
Die vorliegende Studie zeigt auf Basis einer Interviewreihe mit 41 deutschen Zulieferunternehmen, welche Fähigkeiten und Strukturen durch diese in den kommenden Jahren aufgebaut werden müssen, um erfolgreich innerhalb der sich wandelnden Wertschöpfungsstrukturen bestehen zu können.
Dabei ist es das erklärte Ziel der Studie, über die reine Informationsvermittlung hinaus, Denkanstöße für Unternehmensentscheider und Logistikverantwortliche hinsichtlich der zukünftigen Positionierung der Industrie zu liefern.
This dissertation integrates three papers on risk management in complex new product development projects (NPD) with an integrated perspective on the automotive industry. It seeks to provide a comprehensive access to the topic by highlighting the most relevant risk management aspects in NPD – processes and methods (chapter 2), organization and coordination (chapter 3) as well as culture and strategy (chapter 4).
The focus of chapter 2 lies on the identification and assessment of risks as the initial and most critical risk management steps. It illustrates the application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method as an established multi-criteria decision analysis method to create transparency on the overall risk position of a selected highly complex NPD in the automotive industry. Chapter 2 confirms the AHP method as a suitable approach for stronger preventive risk management in complex NPD with stakeholders with conflicting functional perspectives. This sets the stage for chapter 3 and a subsequent consideration of organization and coordination.
Chapter 3 considers an issue of organization and coordination in complex NPD that is mainly based on the fact that the involved stakeholders have individual targets and rely on concurrent processes. The selected automotive industry example illustrates the resulting managerial challenge of balancing the overall NPD requirements such as product characteristics and development lead time (system perspective) and the targets of single stakeholders in NPD (individual perspective). The NK model as an important setting for search builds the methodical basis to solve this issue and results in optimized organizational and coordination setups.
The implications on risk management in complex NPD as a result of newly emerging NPD types in the automotive industry are subject to chapter 4. These implications are in line with profound industry changes that include changes in the requirements of customers and markets. Chapter 4 uses complexity theory and deploys the lens of complex adaptive systems (CAS) to NPD to outline the emerging NPD types and their implications on risk framing activities. An extended risk framework is derived as basis that addresses the cultural and strategic shift in the automotive industry with regard to managing risk in emerging NPD types.