Quantifying Nature’s Bistability: Simulation of Earwig Fan Folding

  • In this work, a numerical tool is presented to simulate the dynamics of insect wing folding by example of the fan folding of the dermapteran hindwing. The scalability of the system is demonstrated by generalising the mechanical behaviour from the small geometry of the wing to a suitable scale for engineering applications, such as deployable structures for space applications. The tool is written in Python and based on the MuJoCo physics engine. Sections of the anal fan are modelled as a bar-and-hinge model with elastic tendons, allowing a high number of design parameters and fast computation. In light of these advantages, the wing folding and unfolding behaviour is investigated with respect to the tendon’s elastic properties and the actuation of the deformation. Bistability is characterised using a single tendon and the entire fan section. Given the upscaled geometry of the analysed section, the required tendon characteristics to transition between the stable states are identified within a reasonable range for technological transfer towards biomimetic structures modelled after the dermapteran hindwing.

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Metadaten
Author:Nele BinderORCiD, Leone CostiORCiD, Dario IzzoORCiD, Tobias SeidlORCiD
URN:urn:nbn:de:hbz:1010-opus4-49073
DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics11010009
ISSN:2313-7673
Parent Title (English):Biomimetics
Publisher:MDPI
Document Type:Article
Language:English
Date of Publication (online):2025/12/24
Year of first Publication:2025
Publishing Institution:Westfälische Hochschule Gelsenkirchen Bocholt Recklinghausen
Release Date:2026/01/02
Tag:Dermaptera; MuJoCo; biomechanics; bistability; earwig; wing folding
Volume:2026
Issue:11 (1)
Article Number:9
Page Number:20
Institutes:Fachbereiche / Maschinenbau Bocholt
Dewey Decimal Classification:Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / Biowissenschaften; Biologie / Physiologie und verwandte Themen / Biophysik / Biomechanik und Wirkungen mechanischer Kräfte
Licence (German):Creative Commons - Namensnennung
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