TY - JOUR A1 - Schaper, Anna-Katharina A1 - Ettl, Kerstin T1 - Fifteenth anniversary of the 5M framework: an integrative literature review and future research directions for women’s entrepreneurship JF - International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship N2 - Purpose – To advance women’s entrepreneurship research,scholarsrequire a clearer understanding of how, and where, researchers have applied the field’s critical theoretical frameworks, as well as how extant studies have shaped the development ofthe frameworks and field of women’s entrepreneurship. This paper addresses this gap by conducting an integrative literature review (ILR) of Brush et al.’s (2009) 5 M framework article and proposes a conceptualization of 5 M framework research alongside future research directions for the field of women’s entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach – Our study utilizes an ILR to analyze how researchers have leveraged the 5 M framework and what this reveals about its development and role in women’s entrepreneurship research. We draw on Scopus and Google Scholar databases to present a comprehensive review of all publications (n 5 944) that cite Brush et al.’s (2009) article (from 2009 to 2023), focusing on those works (n 5 87) which base their methodological or theoretical approach on the 5 M framework. Findings – Our ILR reveals that research using the 5 M framework can be conceptualized as consisting of four different layers: the specific contributions made by such research to the development of the 5 M framework itself; the key themes and mechanisms within women’s entrepreneurship addressed by this research; the methodological approaches applied; and the empirical contexts in which the framework dimensions have been employed. Research limitations/implications – Our study identifies pertinent literature gapsin women’s entrepreneurship and provides pathways for diversifying theory-building in the field. Originality/value – We analyze a prominent theoretical framework in the field of women’s entrepreneurship. Our analysis shows not only pathways for future women’s entrepreneurship research but also the status of the field and how researchers deal with existing frameworks, thus highlighting opportunities to go beyond the status quo. KW - Women entrepreneurship KW - 5M framework KW - ILR KW - Entrepreneurship KW - Gender Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1010-opus4-48963 SN - 1756-6274 VL - 2025 PB - Emerald Publishing Limited ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ettl, Kerstin A1 - Frohne, Julia A1 - Voß, Julia ED - Kompetenzzentrum Technik-Diversity-Chancengleichheit e. V., T1 - Glaubwürdige Sichtbarkeit innovativer Frauen stärken – Lessons learned aus der Sichtbarmachung Westfälischer Erfinderinnen T2 - Innovativ – Exzellent – Sichtbar: Frauen in Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Impulse, Best-Practice-Beispiele und Handlungsempfehlungen von der Fachtagung am 20. und 21. März 2025 in Berlin N2 - Unter dem Titel „WE! Vom Labor in den Mittelstand: Westfälische Erfinderinnen. Analyse der Potenziale und Sichtbarmachung innovativer Frauen in regionalen Innovationsökosystemen“ (kurz WE!) widmete sich ein interdisziplinäres Team aus Forschenden an der Westfälischen Hochschule von 2021-2024 der Erforschung und Sichtbarmachung innovativer Frauen: Forscherinnen, Gründerinnen, Spezialistinnen in der Wirtschaft und Initiatorinnen in sozialen Bereichen aus dem Münsterland und dem Ruhrgebiet. Damit lag dem Projekt WE! ein breiter Innovationsbegriff zugrunde, der Produkt- und Verfahrensinnovationen sowie auch Dienstleistungs- und soziale Innovationen berücksichtigte. KW - Erfinderinnen KW - Sichtbarmachung KW - female leadership KW - innovative Frauen KW - Kommunikationsstrategie KW - Kommunikationsmanagement KW - Forschung Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1010-opus4-48440 SP - 48 EP - 49 CY - Bielefeld ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voß, Julia A1 - Ettl, Kerstin T1 - Shadows and spotlights: A postfeminist analysis of women innovators’ experiences with (in)visibility JF - Organization N2 - Contrary to the notion that innovation is a universally accessible and meritocratic endeavor, concerns persist over not only women innovators’ numerical underrepresentation but also their (in)visibility. Studying innovation as a social context structured by power, we focus on 18 women innovators in innovation-driving environments. While these women appear to symbolize gender equality and embody contemporary postfeminist ideals of individualism, choice, and empowerment, many have simultaneously experienced (in)visibility and navigated unequal power structures throughout their careers. We investigate how these (in)visibility experiences are reconciled with the promises of postfeminism, exploring how postfeminist ideals are interpreted and negotiated by them to make sense of their own (in)visibility. While (in)visibility has traditionally been theorized in relation to norms and gendered power structures, our findings reveal how postfeminist discourses reframe visibility as an individualized, moralized imperative rooted in self-responsibility. Through this lens, we identify four postfeminist sense-making approaches: meritocratic visibility (embodying postfeminist ideologies), retraditionalized visibility (conforming to femininity), self-disciplined visibility (adapting to gender inequality), and collective-oriented visibility (challenging the status quo). These sense-making approaches highlight the various ways in which postfeminist sensibilities shape subjective experiences, often masking structural inequalities and allowing these to persist in contexts that claim to promote equal opportunities, such as the innovation environment. We point to the need for collective rather than individualized action for structural transformation. KW - gender KW - innovation KW - invisibility KW - postfeminism KW - visibility Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1010-opus4-48809 SN - 1350-5084 VL - 2025 IS - 00 (0) PB - SAGE Publications ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voß, Julia A1 - Butz, Benjamin A1 - Ettl, Kerstin T1 - What’s driving them? A qualitative approach to explore women entrepreneurs’ motivations in STEM JF - International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship N2 - Purpose: Entrepreneurship and the disciplines of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) are considered important drivers of innovation. At the same time, the representation of women entrepreneurs in STEM remains low. Despite this disparity, a number of women still choose to start ventures and persist in pursuing their innovations in STEM. This study aims to examine the motivational factors that drive women entrepreneurs to approach and consistently pursue their innovations and ventures in STEM. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing on the concept of the heterogeneity of motivational factors (Graham and Bonner, 2022) and Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986, 2001; Wood and Bandura, 1989), 24 semi-structured interviews were conducted with women entrepreneurs in STEM. This approach allowed for an in-depth exploration of the heterogeneous motivational factors influencing women entrepreneurs in STEM. Findings: The motivations of women entrepreneurs in STEM are multifaceted, interrelated and dynamic. They encompass personal and cognitive, behavioral and environmental factors and partly change over time. This study reveals two levels of heterogeneity: the heterogeneity of women entrepreneurs’ entrepreneurial motivations, and the within-context heterogeneity of women entrepreneurs in STEM themselves. Originality/value: This study addresses the need for a deeper understanding of women entrepreneurs in STEM. By focusing on nuanced aspects of entrepreneurial motivations that are often overlooked in the existing literature, this research provides valuable insights and discusses implications for theory, policy and education. KW - Women entrepreneurship KW - STEM KW - Entrepreneurial motivation KW - Heterogeneity Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1010-opus4-47687 SN - 1756-6266 VL - 2025 IS - Volume 17, Issue 2 SP - 215 EP - 244 PB - Emerald Publishing Group ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ettl, Kerstin A1 - Brink, Siegrun A1 - Tegtmeier, Silke T1 - Concepts and facets of entrepreneurial diversity: moving the discussion forward JF - International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing N2 - This introduction to a special issue about concepts and facets of entrepreneurial diversity serves as a starting point for further discussion and research in this field. For this purpose, we provide information about the roots of the study of diversity and current trends in entrepreneurship research and present a frame for (researching) entrepreneurial diversity. Additionally, we briefly summarize the three papers selected for inclusion in this special issue. Together, they offer insights into the intersections of different diversity dimensions, personality as a deep dimension of team composition, and a general critical reflection on the conceptualization of entrepreneurial diversity. Taken together, the papers in this special issue present new findings and contribute to further advancing the long overdue research on and discussion about diversity in the field of entrepreneurship. KW - entrepreneurship KW - diversity KW - entrepreneurial diversity KW - intersectionality Y1 - 2021 SN - 1742-5360 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 217 EP - 230 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schnittker, Julia A1 - Ettl, Kerstin ED - Laveren, Eddy ED - Ben-Hafaïedh, Cyrine ED - Kurczewska, Agnieszka ED - Jiang, Yi Dragon T1 - Career paths of female entrepreneurs in STEM - challenges and opportunities T2 - Contextual heterogeneity in entrepreneurship research. Frontiers in European entrepreneurship research Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-80220-019-5 SP - 135 EP - 154 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Welter, Friederike A1 - Ettl, Kerstin A1 - Schnittker, Julia T1 - Ergebnisüberblick zum Forschungsprojekt: "MINTdabei" – Stärkung der Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmung von Young Women MINT Professionals N2 - Ein Forschungsprojekt der Universität Siegen in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Institut für Mittelstandsforschung Bonn. Das Vorhaben "MINTdabei" — Stärkung der Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmung von Young Women MINT Professionals (YWMP) beim Berufseinstieg und -aufstieg in berufliche Selbstständigkeit und Mittelstand" wurde mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) unter dem Förderkennzeichen 01FP1620 gefördert. Wir untersuchten Berufseinstieg und -aufstieg von YWMP in der beruflichen Selbstständigkeit und als Angestellte in mittelständischen Unternehmen, um durch die Identifikation spezifischer Probleme und Herausforderungen, insb. bei der Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmung, Lösungsansätze für die Zukunft zu entwickeln. Ziel des Projektes ist es, damit einen kurz-, mittel- und langfristigen Beitrag zur Stärkung der Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmung von Young Women MINT Professionals zu leisten. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.wiwi.uni-siegen.de/welter/mintdabei/aktuelles/ergebnisueberblick_mintdabei_final_02_2021.pdf PB - Universität Siegen CY - Siegen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ettl, Kerstin A1 - Roßdeutscher, Axel ED - Bergk, Annett T1 - Unterstützung wirksamer Führung durch personaldiagnostisch gestütztes (Business-)Coaching T2 - Zukunftsführung N2 - Zusammenfassung Im vorliegenden Beitrag geht es um die Frage, wie personaldiagnostisch gestütztes (Business-)Coaching zur Entwicklung von Führungskompetenzen und Unterstützung wirksamer Führung eingesetzt werden kann. Nach einer kurzen Einführung in aktuelle Herausforderungen und zukünftige Anforderungen an wirksame Führung werden zunächst Grundlagen der Potenzialentwicklung von Führungskräften durch Coaching diskutiert. Neben der Definition und Abgrenzung von Coaching werden hierzu Coachinganlässe und daraus resultierende Anforderungen an die Coaches betrachtet, Wirkmechanismen im Coaching aufgezeigt und grundlegende Einsatzfelder und -möglichkeiten personaldiagnostischer Instrumente im Coaching erläutert. Als Anwendungsbeispiel aus der Praxis wird anschließend der RAUEN Analyzer® als personaldiagnostisches Instrument im Führungskräftecoaching vorgestellt. Neben der wissenschaftlichen Fundierung des Instruments werden exemplarische Ansatzpunkte, die das Instrument zur Unterstützung wirksamer Führung liefert, an zwei Fallbeispielen dargestellt und diskutiert und so Möglichkeiten, aber auch Grenzen eines personaldiagnostisch gestützten Coachings im Führungskontext aufgezeigt. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-69276-9_18 SP - 233 EP - 257 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Berlin, Heidelberg ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ettl, Kerstin A1 - Frohne, Julia A1 - Kriegesmann, Bernd A1 - Meyer zu Altenschildesche, Clara A1 - Reichert, Michael Toni A1 - Voß, Julia A1 - Wernerus, Cora A1 - Brüne, Raphael T1 - Toolbox. Werkzeuge zur Sichtbarmachung von Innovatorinnen in regionalen Innovationskontexten N2 - Mit der hier vorliegenden Toolbox stellen wir die Ergebnisse des dreijährigen, durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung geförderten, Forschungsprojektes „Westfälische Erfinderinnen“ vor. Das Hauptziel des Projektes umfasste dabei, in den Regionen Ruhrgebiet und Münsterland Innovatorinnen zu identifizieren und die regionalen Mechanismen der (Un-)Sichtbarkeit von Innovatorinnen zu untersuchen und zu verstehen. Aufbauend auf den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen wurden ausgewählte Innovatorinnen zielgerichtet mit unterschiedlichen Kommunikationswerkzeugen ins Licht der regionalen Öffentlichkeit gerückt, um so das gesellschaftliche Bewusstsein für die Vielfalt von Innovationsprozessen und die Rolle von Innovatorinnen zu stärken. Die hier vorliegende Toolbox soll Hochschulen und andere zentrale Akteur:innen in weiteren Regionen ermutigen und anleiten, ihre Innovatorinnen zu finden, zu unterstützen und weithin sichtbar zu machen. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1010-opus4-47783 UR - https://www.w-hs.de/we/publikationen-links-downloads/ CY - Gelsenkirchen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Griessbach, Lela A1 - Ettl, Kerstin T1 - The Effects of Formal and Informal Institutions on Women’s Entrepreneurship in Georgia T2 - Minds, Brains, and Doxa for Inclusive Entrepreneurship N2 - The aim of this chapter is to address the impact of formal and informal institutions on women’s entrepreneurship and to extend our understanding of issues influencing women-owned businesses and women’s entrepreneurship in the context of a transition economy, such as Georgia. Our work specifically addresses formal institutions, such as governmental initiatives, financial institutions, and business-relevant education. It also addresses informal institutions, such as women’s role in society, the use of informal networks of connections and acquaintances, and gift-giving practices. Drawing on results from an online focus group discussion with women entrepreneurs in Georgia, we provide initial insights into the critical constraints and supporting factors that local women entrepreneurs experience. Based on the interrelation of institutions and women’s entrepreneurship, we conclude that changes in formal institutions do not lead directly to changing informal institutions. Due to the lack of trust in formal institutions, women entrepreneurs are more likely to look for business development solutions outside the official frames, including illegal or unethical means of survival. Nevertheless, increased opportunities – induced by specific entrepreneurship policies and programs – encourage women to enter entrepreneurship. In addition to this, entrepreneurship enables women in Georgia to overcome gender discrimination issues, which is more prevalent in employment relationships in the local labor market than in entrepreneurial activities. Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-031-50163-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50164-7_3 SP - 33 EP - 57 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Simon, Jelena A1 - Ettl, Kerstin ED - Ben-Hafaïedh, Cyrine ED - Cooney, Thomas T1 - MARGE (Germany) T2 - Cases on STEM Entrepreneurship N2 - Abstract This case describes the difficulties of business succession from a successor’s perspective. The case is based on a real metalworking family business in an old industrial region in Germany. The key issues are challenges that, Michelle and Adrian, two second-generation successors within one company, face in teambuilding and finding their own place within the corporation and their team. The case is divided into two parts: Part 1 is a newspaper article about the succession process that points out stereotypes and writing styles in reporting on entrepreneurship/succession in the media. Part 2 is the succession story written from Michelle’s perspective and highlights challenges that female successors face in traditional male-dominated areas, for instance, when it comes to questions of balancing work and family needs. The case addresses issues relating to entrepreneurship and business succession classes, with sociological and psychological overtones. KW - Business succession KW - Succession teams KW - Female entrepreneurship KW - Male-dominated industries KW - Founder Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollchap/book/9781802206289/book-part-9781802206289-15.xml U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802206289.00015 SP - 120 EP - 130 PB - Edward Elgar CY - Cheltenham ER -