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Raum und Grenze
(2019)
Raum und Grenze, und deren Verhältnis zu Individuen wie Kollektiven, stellen dabei zentrale Denkfiguren wie Operatoren der ‚Sinn‘generierung dar. Die folgenden Ausführungen versuchen aus semiotischer Sicht einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Bedeutungen, Artikulationsformen und Anwendungsbereiche dieser Parameter zu geben. Sie orientieren sich an der Skizze, wie sie in Krah 1999 dargelegt wurde, und ergänzen, modifizieren und neujustieren diese aus der Perspektive und dem Stand von 2018.
Damit sind Grenzen ein, wenn nicht gar der prominenteste Untersuchungsgegenstand der Kultursemiotik, also derjenigen Teildisziplin der Wissenschaft von den Zeichen, die kulturelle Prozesse in ihren zeichenhaften Veräußerungen beschreibt. Dementsprechend bezeichnen Gräf/Schmöller die Grenze selbst als eine „semiotische Größe“, da sie stets in kulturellen kommunikativen Kontexten verankert ist. Die Kultursemiotik untersucht anhand medial materialisierter Texte, in welcher Weise Kulturen in ihren kommunikativen Akten und zeichenhaften Handlungen Grenzen und Ordnungen konstruieren und rekonstruiert darüber die historischen und diskursiven Kontexte des Denkens und Wissens, in denen jene verortet sind.
Schriften zur Kultur- und Mediensemiotik | Online ist ein Open Access Journal des Virtuellen Zentrums für kultursemiotische Forschung / Virtual Centre for Cultural Semiotics (www.kultursemiotik.com) und wird herausgegeben von Martin Nies.
Inhalt der vierten Ausgabe der Schriften zur Kultur- und Mediensemiotik | Online
Martin Nies
Einleitung : Raumsemiotik - Zur Kodierung von Räumen und Grenzen
Martin Nies
B/Orders - Schwellen - Horizonte : Modelle der Beschreibung von Räumen und Grenzen in ästhetischer Kommunikation - Eine raumsemiotische Positionsbestimmung
Hans Krah
Raum und Grenze : eine semiotische Bestandsaufnahme – Mit dem Beispiel des Bunkers im ästhetischen Diskurs globaler Katastrophenszenarien
Stephanie Großmann & Stefan Halft
Raum-Poetik : Dimensionen raumsemiotischer Textanalyse am Beispiel von E.T.A. Hoffmanns Die Bergwerke zu Falun (1819)
Matthias Bauer
Sozialer und semiotischer Raum : Querbezüge, Übergänge und Grenzverschiebungen nebst einigen Anmerkungen zur kulturwissenschaftlichen Relevanz des Ähnlichkeitsdenkens
Damaris Nübel
Zur Funktion von Nicht-Orten und Heterotopien in Identitätsnarrativen der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur
Lesley Penné
Gedächtnis-Semiosphären und Vergangenheitsbewältigung in der deutschsprachigen Literatur Belgiens
Claudia Gremler
Queer Space? Der nicht-binäre Raum in der deutschen Gegenwartsliteratur am Beispiel Antje Rávic Strubels
Maren Conrad & Franziska Trapp
Zirkus und Raum : eine Semiotik der Performanz
Lisa Gaupp
Symbolische Räume kultureller Diversität : Verhandlungen, Grenzen und Überschreitungen in den performativen Künsten
Lil Helle Thomas
Architektonische Grenzgänge zwischen Raum und Wahrnehmung : das Sanatorium Purkersdorf
Christian Zolles
Der Wald des Mittelalters : Konstituierung eines alteritären Kulturraums im 11. bis 13. Jahrhundert
Hedwig Wagner
Daten – Räume – Datenräume : zum Verhältnis von Orten, digitalisierten Ortsinformationen und deren Speicher- und Nutzungsorten
Theodoros Konstantakopoulos
Inklusionen, Exklusionen, Implikationen : die semantischen Grenzbereiche der Teilhabe
Age and radial growth rate are key data on understanding some aspects of tropical forest dynamics and ecology. In species that produce annual tree rings, tree-ring analysis allows the most precise estimate of these two parameters. The present study assessed the age and radial growth rate of three Hymenaea species inhabiting four of the six biomes found in Brazil. Out of these four biomes, two harbor the largest rainforests in South America, the Amazon Forest on the west and the Atlantic Forest in the east. The Cerrado biome is an open and seasonally drier vegetation found between them and the Pantanal is a wetland in the west. The H. courbaril species inhabits almost the entire Neotropical lowlands while H. parvifolia and H. stigonocarpa are restricted to the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, respectively. To investigate these species dynamics within different biomes, age and radial growth rate were calculated for 217 trees through tree-ring analyses. The oldest H. courbaril and. H. parvifolia trees were 316 and 371 years old, respectively, while H. stigonocarpa trees were considerably younger, up to 144 years old. Hymenaea courbaril trees showed the widest variation in average growth rate, from 1.00 to 6.63 mm per year, while the other two species showed a narrower variation from 0.89 to 2.81 mm per year. The studied populations presented distinct trends in the lifetime growth pattern that seems to be related to the biome of provenance. Overall, trees from the Amazon forest showed a trend of increasing growth rate up to about 100 years followed by a decreasing of it, while trees growing in the Pantanal and Atlantic forest showed only decreasing growth rates. In the Cerrado, trees showed a constant pattern of growth rate up to 50 years followed by a clear decline. It is important to highlight that different species of Hymenaea showed similar growth trends within the same biome. In larger trees, the average growth rate is lower in the Cerrado, which is characterized by deeper water tables and more dystrophic soils while the growth rates in the Amazon and Atlantic Forests are 60% and 79% higher, respectively. This study represents one of the most comprehensive datasets of trees age and growth rate of tropical congeneric species under such large geographical range.
A tropical tree-ring study is presented using 36 specimens of Cariniana estrellensis from the Mata Atlantica Biome within the State of São Paulo: Caetetus and Carlos Botelho. We aimed to assess the suitability of this species for chronology building, as well as for dendroclimatological studies, with the help of its lifetime growth trajectories. Cariniana estrellensis forms visible tree rings with a dense sequence of parenchyma bands at the end of the latewood, followed by a relatively distant sequence of parenchyma bands in the subsequent early wood of a tree ring. However, it was impossible to establish a chronology, solely by tree-ring width measurements and crossdating, for a number of reasons, including sequences of problematic wood anatomy, abundance of wedging rings and probably missing rings. Therefore, building a robust chronology for this species requires a multi-parameter approach, however, no experience is currently available. Therefore, to reveal possible climate-growth relationships for Cariniana estrellensis at both sites, we tested to correlation analyses of microclimatic conditions with tree growth and investigated patterns of lifetime growth trajectories. Annual precipitation is over 1300 mm at both sites, with the dry season primarily between June and August. Both sites showed clear differences in their microclimatic regime and topography. Overall, light availability is the most likely crucial factor for the studied species. A significantly lower photosynthetic active radiation and daily photoperiod was found at Carlos Botelho by the strong influence of orographic rainfall, foggy conditions and shade caused by the adjacent mountain chain. Consequently, trees at this site generally showed a lower average annual growth rate as compared to the Caetetus site with differences between juvenile and mature growth phases remaining nearly constant throughout their lives. In contrast, trees from Caetetus had less consistent growth phases, with increased growth after the juvenile growth phase. Thus, it can be concluded that dendroclimatological studies using growth characteristics have the potential to clarify the generally complex stand dynamics of Cariniana estrellensis. However, the development of tree-ring chronologies, based on tree-ring width analyses of cores or discs is nearly impossible.
Deforestation in tropical regions is raising fragmentation to alarming levels. Not only does it lead to losses of forest area, but also the abiotic and biotic changes on forest edge areas alter the development of the remaining trees. We aimed to assess the impacts of forest fragmentation on the growth of tropical emergent trees. We sampled the endangered species Aspidosperma polyneuron (Apocynaceae) at forest edge and interior in the highly fragmented Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We obtained increment cores of each tree along with data about tree and surrounding canopy heights, plus their current levels of liana infestation. We used tree-ring analyses to estimate age and growth rate of trees. Sampled trees and surrounding canopy were taller at the forest interior than at the edge, even though both sampled populations have similar ages. Overall, trees at forest interior show a lifetime growth pattern common to shade-tolerant species, with a peak of growth rate at 120 years. Indeed, all sampled trees exhibited this pattern before fragmentation. However, trees at forest edge presented constantly slow growth rates for all diameter classes after the fragmentation event. The strong presence of lianas at forest edge prevents trees from experiencing the expected growth releases throughout their lifetime, probably by keeping the leaves of A. polyneuron under shaded conditions. Therefore, the management of lianas at the forest edge is likely the most effective procedure to ensure the growth of emergent trees, guarantying their role on forests structure, carbon storage, and ecosystem functioning.
In three essays, this dissertation examines the past, present and future of branding in an international context, contributing to the research area of global/local brands, while also offering managers valuable insights for their branding strategies.
The first essay provides scholars and practitioners a detailed state of the art of global/local brand research and proposes promising angles for future research, especially considering major
challenges for our societies.
The second essay incorporates the segment of cosmopolitan consumers into perceived brand globalness/localness research. Theoretically grounded in the concepts of social identity theory and complexity, the essay builds on perceived brand globalness/localness to analyze how cosmopolitans arrange both their global and local orientations. Aside offering scholars a new theoretical lens regarding consumer cosmopolitanism, managers can benefit from the gained insights, if cosmopolitans are a particular target group in their business strategy.
The third and final essay meta-analytically investigates how the variables perceived brand globalness and localness materialize on various key outcome variables. At heart of this essay is a comparison of both perceived brand globalness and localness, offering scholars and practitioners valuable empirical insights on similarities and differences between their effects on outcomes such as brand quality.
The identification and estimation of trends in hydroclimatic time series remains an important task in applied climate research. The statistical challenge arises from the inherent nonlinearity, complex dependence structure, heterogeneity and resulting non-standard distributions of the underlying time series. Quantile regressions are considered an important modeling technique for such analyses because of their rich interpretation and their broad insensitivity to extreme distributions. This paper provides an asymptotic justification of quantile trend regression in terms of unknown heterogeneity and dependence structure and the corresponding interpretation. An empirical application sheds light on the relevance of quantile regression modeling for analyzing monthly Central England temperature anomalies and illustrates their various heterogenous trends. Our results suggest the presence of heterogeneities across the considered seasonal cycle and an increase in the relative frequency of observing unusually high temperatures.
Die deutsche Handelsgerichtsbarkeit zeichnet sich bis heute durch die Mitwirkung sachkundiger Laienrichter aus. Die Arbeit zeigt zunächst ausführlich die historischen Wurzeln und die Entwicklung der Handelsrichter in Italien, in Frankreich und in den deutschen Rechtskreisen. Dabei wird insbesondere auf die Entstehungsgeschichte des sog. deutschen Systems eingegangen. Im Anschluss analysiert der Verfasser die Wesensmerkmale der modernen KfH. In einem dritten Schritt werden die historischen Erkenntnisse als Lösungsansätze für aktuelle Reformbemühungen um die Zukunft der KfH nutzbar gemacht.
Trotz digitaler Vermittlung und körperlicher Distanz kommt es während Videokonferenzen zur Wahrnehmung von Nähe oder gemeinsamen Atmosphären. Solche Interaktionen können mit einer erweiterten neophänomenologischen Soziologie nach Hermann Schmitz theoretisch hergeleitet und empirisch untersucht werden. Ein Grounded-Theory-Zugriff mit Interviews als zentralem Erhebungsverfahren erlaubt die Analyse von Möglichkeiten und Grenzen dieses Beieinanderseins an physisch getrennten Orten. Die Videokonferenz zeigt, dass bei digitaler Kommunikation nicht allein die Technik Interaktionen ermöglicht, sondern erst die leidenschaftliche Konstruktionsarbeit der Teilnehmenden einen „Leiberspace“ schaffen kann, um sich digital vermittelt näherzukommen.
Prior to the emergence of Big Data and technologies such as Learning Analytics (LA), classroom research focused mainly on measuring learning outcomes of a small sample through tests. Research on online environments shows that learners’ engagement is a critical precondition for successful learning and lack of engagement is associated with failure and dropout. LA helps instructors to track, measure and visualize students’ online behavior and use such digital traces to improve instruction and provide individualized support, i.e., feedback. This paper examines 1) metrics or indicators of learners’ engagement as extracted and displayed by LA, 2) their relationship with academic achievement and performance, and 3) some freely available LA tools for instructors and their usability. The paper concludes with making recommendations for practice and further research by considering challenges associated with using LA in classrooms.