004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik
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Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) has been promoted as a solution for modularization problems known as the tyranny of the dominant decomposition in literature. However, when analyzing AOP languages it can be doubted that uncontrolled AOP is indeed a silver bullet. The contributions of the work presented in this thesis are twofold. First, we critically analyze AOP language constructs and their effects on program semantics to sensitize programmers and researchers to resulting problems. We further demonstrate that AOP—as available in AspectJ and similar languages—can easily result in less understandable, less evolvable, and thus error prone code—quite opposite to its claims. Second, we examine how tools relying on both static and dynamic program analysis can help to detect problematical usage of aspect-oriented constructs. We propose to use change impact analysis techniques to both automatically determine the impact of aspects and to deal with AOP system evolution. We further introduce an analysis technique to detect potential semantical issues related to undefined advice precedence. The thesis concludes with an overview of available open source AspectJ systems and an assessment of aspect-oriented programming considering both fundamentals of software engineering and the contents of this thesis.
Refactoring is a well known technique to enhance various aspects of an object-oriented program. It has become very popular during recent years, as it allows to overcome deficits present in many programs. Doing refactoring by hand is almost impossible due to the size and complexity of modern software systems. Automated tools provide support for the application of refactorings, but do not give hints, which refactorings to apply and why. The Snelting/Tip analysis is a program analysis, which creates a refactoring proposal for a class hierarchy by analyzing how class members are used inside a program. KABA is an adaption and extension of the Snelting/Tip analysis for Java. It has been implemented and expanded to become a semantic preserving, interactive refactoring system. Case studies of real world programs will show the usefulness of the system and its practical value.
Diese Arbeit präsentiert eine neue Methode zur Sicherheitsanalyse von Software im Bereich der Manipulationsprüfung und der Einhaltung von Informationsflüssen zwischen verschiedenen Sicherheitsniveaus. Program-Slicing und Constraint-Solving sind eigenständige Verfahren, die sowohl zur Abhängigkeitsbestimmung als auch zur Berechnung arithmetischer Eigenschaften verwendet werden. Die erstmalige Kombination dieser beiden Verfahren mittels Pfadbedingungen liefert nicht nur binäre Abhängigkeitsinformationen wie Slicing, sondern exakte notwendige Bedingungen über die Informationsflüsse zwischen zwei Programmpunkten. Neben der Definition der Grundlagen von Abhängigkeitsgraphen und einfachen Pfadbedingungen werden neue Erweiterungen für kontextsensitive interprozedurale Pfadbedingungen gezeigt und die Integration von domänenspezifischen Verfahren für Arrayfelder und abstrakten Datentypen demonstriert. Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt in der Realisierung von Pfadbedingungen für echte Programme in echten Programmiersprachen. Hierfür werden Verfahren vorgeschlagen, realisiert und empirisch untersucht, wie Pfadbedingungen für große Programme skalieren. Die zum Einsatz kommenden Techniken sind u.a. Intervallanalyse und Binäre Entscheidungsgraphen, mit denen die generelle exponentielle Komplexität von Pfadbedingungen beherrschbar wird. Fallstudien für den Einsatz von Pfadbedingungen und die empirische Untersuchung mehrerer Verfahren zur Intervallanalyse zeigen, dass Pfadbedingungen für die praktische Programmanalyse und das Programmverstehen geeignet und empfehlenswert sind.
Program slicing is a technique to identify statements that may influence the computations in other statements. Despite the ongoing research of almost 25 years, program slicing still has problems that prevent a widespread use: Sometimes, slices are too big to understand and too expensive and complicated to be computed for real-life programs. This thesis presents solutions to these problems: It contains various approaches which help the user to understand a slice more easily by making it more focused on the user's problem. All of these approaches have been implemented in the VALSOFT system and thorough evaluations of the proposed algorithms are presented. The underlying data structures used for slicing are program dependence graphs. They can also be used for different purposes: A new approach to clone detection based on identifying similar subgraphs in program dependence graphs is presented; it is able to detect modified clones better than other tools. In the theoretical part, this thesis presents a high-precision approach to slice concurrent procedural programs despite that optimal slicing is known to be undecidable. It is the first approach to slice concurrent programs that does not rely on inlining of called procedures.
Ziel der Arbeit ist es, eine neue Programmanalysetechnik für Zeigeranalyse zu entwickeln. Diese soll exakt in dem Sinne sein, daß sie nur Ergebnisse berechnet, die tatsächlich in realen Programmläufen vorkommen können, Ebenso soll diese Analysetechnik ökonomisch sein, d.h. nur den minimal für eine exakte Lösung benötigten Berechnungsaufwand investieren müssen.