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In summary, this cumulative dissertation investigates the application of the conjugate gradient method CG for the optimization of artificial neural networks (NNs) and compares this method with common first-order optimization methods, especially the stochastic gradient descent (SGD).
The presented research results show that CG can effectively optimize both small and very large networks. However, the default machine precision of 32 bits can lead to problems. The best results are only achieved in 64-bits computations. The research also emphasizes the importance of the initialization of the NNs’ trainable parameters and shows that an initialization using singular value decomposition (SVD) leads to drastically lower error values. Surprisingly, shallow but wide NNs, both in Transformer and CNN architectures, often perform better than their deeper counterparts. Overall, the research results recommend a re-evaluation of the previous preference for extremely deep NNs and emphasize the potential of CG as an optimization method.
People-centred reforestation is one of the ways to achieve natural climate solutions. Ghana has established a people-centred reforestation programme known as the Modified Taunya System (MTS) where local people are assigned degraded forest reserves to practice agroforestry. Given that the MTS is a people-centred initiative, socioeconomic factors are likely to have impact on the reforestation drive. This study aims to understand the role of translocal practices of remittances and visits by migrants on the MTS. Using multi-sited, sequential explanatory mixed methods and the lens of socioecological systems, the study shows that social capital and socioeconomic obligations of cash remittances from, as well as visits by migrants to their communities of origin play positive roles on reforestation under the MTS. Specifically, translocal households have access to, and use remittances to engage relatively better in the MTS than households that do not receive remittances. This shows that translocal practices can have a positive impact on the environment at the area of origin of migrants where there are people-centred environmental policies in place.
The growing demand for electric vehicles (EV) in the last decade and the most recent European Commission regulation to only allow EV on the road from 2035 involved the necessity to design a cost-effective and sustainable EV charging station (CS). A crucial challenge for charging stations arises from matching fluctuating power supplies and meeting peak load demand. The overall objective of this paper is to optimize the charging scheduling of a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for EV charging stations while maximizing PV power usage and reducing grid energy costs.
This goal is achieved by forecasting the PV power and the load demand using different deep learning (DL) algorithms such as the recurrent neural network (RNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM). Then, the predicted data are adopted to design a scheduling algorithm that determines the optimal charging time slots for the HESS. The findings demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach, showcasing a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 5.78% for real-time PV power forecasting and 9.70%
for real-time load demand forecasting. Moreover, the proposed scheduling algorithm reduces the total grid energy cost by 12.13%.
From transportation to urbanization, energy and digitalization, China-backed projects of infrastructural development are increasingly common throughout Southeast Asia and the global South as both a means and outcome of development. This trend has accelerated since China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013. Against this backdrop, the present ASEAS issue invites to rethink the roles infrastructure plays in forms of development that place connectivity at the center.
Contents:
Simon Rowedder, Phill Wilcox & Susanne Brandtstädter
Negotiating Chinese Infrastructures of Modern Mobilities: Insights from Southeast Asia
Current Research on Southeast Asia
Panitda Saiyarod
The Deviated Route: Navigating the Logistical Power Landscape of the Mekong Border Trade
Franziska S. Nicolaisen
The Politicization of Mobility Infrastructures in Vietnam — The Hanoi Metro Project at the Nexus of Urban Development, Fragmented Mobilities, and National Security
Arratee Ayuttacorn
Chinese Investor Networks and the Politics of Infrastructure Projects in the Eastern Economic Corridor in Thailand
Karin Dean
Belt and Road Initiative in Northern Myanmar: The Local World of China’s Global Investments
Mira Käkönen
Entangled Enclaves: Dams, Volatile Rivers, and Chinese Infrastructural Engagement in Cambodia
Research Workshop
Tim Oakes
Infrastructure Power, Circulation and Suspension
Susanne Brandtstädter
Infrastructural Fragility, Infra-Politics and Jianghu
Book Reviews
Michael Kleinod-Freudenberg
Book Review: Tappe, O., & Rowedder, S. (Eds.). (2022). Extracting Development: Contested Resource Frontiers in Mainland Southeast Asia
This book collects ten of Sandra Huebenthal’s most important contributions to the application of Social Memory Theory in Biblical studies. The volume consists of four parts, each devoted to a particular field of research. Part one addresses the general impact of Social Memory Theory for the New Testament. The second part analyzes how Social Memory Theory adds to exploring the phenomenon of (biblical) intertextuality as a strategy for negotiating Early Christian identity and the third part investigates how New Testament pseudepigraphy provides a different approach for understanding the negotiation and formation of Christian identities. Finally, part four provides an outlook how the hermeneutical approach can enhance Patristic research. The ten essays originate from discussions about Social Memory Theory and the New Testament at international conferences, three of them are translations of German contributions, while two are published for the first time in this volume.
(Verlagsbeschreibung)
Auseinandersetzungen mit Sterben, Tod und Trauer sind gesellschaftlich von permanenter Relevanz. Theoretische Zugänge und empirische Analysen zu diesem Themenfeld finden im Jahrbuch für Tod und Gesellschaft ein interdisziplinäres Forum. Neben der Vertiefung aktueller Debatten und der Besprechung von Neuerscheinungen dient das Periodikum der Weiterentwicklung der thanato(-sozio-)logischen Erkenntnis sowie der (inter-)nationalen Vernetzung. Der thematische Horizont der zweiten Ausgabe umfasst u.a. Verwitwung, Foto-Sharing am Lebensende, Death Education und visuelle Tabus in der qualitativen Forschung.
Welcher „Idee“ folgt die Universität und welchem Auftrag ist sie verpflichtet? Diese Fragen von Karl Jaspers 1923, 1946 und 1961 ausdrücklich aufgeworfen, bleiben stets aktuell.
Sie müssen im Horizont eines permanenten Wandels immer wieder neu reflektiert werden. Die Antworten nehmen die Universität insgesamt und die jeweils konkrete Hochschule in den Blick. Universität realisiert sich in konkreten Bedingungen in Auseinandersetzung mit den Fragen der Zeit.
Das Buch verbindet generelle Perspektive und spezielle Umsetzung durch Beiträge von außen und innen (hier aus der Universität Passau). Wissenschaft, Politik, Bildung, Wirtschaft treten somit in der Bestimmung der Idee der Universität in einen vielschichtigen Dialog.
Inhalt:
Ulrich Bartosch
Vorwort: Eine Idee der Universität – heute?
Rudolf Speth
Einleitung: Den Kern behalten und sich wandeln: Die Universität vor neuen Herausforderungen
I. Die historische Tiefendimension
Herfried Münkler
Ein virtueller Brückenschlag aus der europäischen Universitätsgeschichte in die Zukunft der Universität Passau
II. Die Universität und die Wissenschaft
Anna Henkel
Disziplinarität zwischen Wissenschaft und Universität
Horst Bischof
Universitäre Forschung quo vadis
Sabine Doering-Manteuffel
Die Universität als Ort des bewussten Widerspruchs
Brigitte Forster-Heinlein
Die Universität als Ort des bewussten Widerspruchs – auch aus Sicht der jungen Forscherinnen und Forscher?
Barbara Zehnpfennig
Universität und Wahrheit
Gesine Schwan
Was ist die Aufgabe von Universitäten?
Carolin Häussler
Wissenschaft: Normen, Spannungsfelder und die Dissemination von wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen in die Wirtschaft
III. Reformansätze und Ökonomisierung
Richard Münch
Alle Macht dem Präsidium! Von der Herrschaft der Ordinarien zur unternehmerischen und total administrierten Universität?
Wolfgang A. Herrmann
Die unternehmerische Universität
Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker
Virtueller Brückenschlag in die Zukunft der Universität Passau
IV. Das Bayerische Hochschulinnovationsgesetz
Bernd Sibler
Erfolgreiche Hochschulen brauchen exzellente Rahmenbedingungen
Heinrich Oberreuter
Wissenschaft als Dienst am Wissen
Karsten Fitz
Die Universität und die Grenzen des Wettbewerbs
V. Die Universität der Studierenden
Simon Pagany
Die Anfänge der studentischen Vizepräsidentschaft an der Zeppelin Universität
Lorena Puqja und Sophia Rockenmaier
Mitgestaltung auf Augenhöhe: Eine studentische Vizepräsidentschaft für die Universität Passau
Thomas Girst
Umweg statt Abkürzung: Über das Prinzip funktionaler Serendipität für die Lehranstalten der Zukunft
Birgit Beumers
Serendipität und Funktionalität?
VI. Die Universität als Organisation
Ulrike Beisiegel
Herausforderungen der Universitäten der Zukunft
Andreas König
„Universität als Heimat“ als Teil einer Universitätsstrategie
VII. Der Bezug zur Gesellschaft
Uwe Schneidewind
Die Stadt als Campus
Martina Padmanabhan
Was will internationale transdisziplinäre Nachhaltigkeitsforschung in Niederbayern? Das Versprechen der Kleinstadt
Micha Teuscher
Gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen als Impuls für die Entwicklung der Universität
Hannah Schmid-Petri
Öffentlichkeitsdynamiken im digitalen Zeitalter
Manfred Brocker
Eine politische Idee der Universität heute?
Alexander von Gernler
Ambivalenzen von Informatik und Digitalisierung
Florian Töpfl
Wie wissenschaftsskeptische Gegenöffentlichkeiten neue Medien nutzen
VIII. Der besondere Platz der Universität Passau
Christian Thies
Abschied von Humboldt
Hans-Georg Dederer
Die Idee der Universität heute
Michael Grimm
Die neue Approbationsordnung: Ein Plädoyer zur Schließung von Schnittstellen zwischen Medizin und Sozialwissenschaften
Technological advancements and new legal requirements are continuously changing the online data disclosure landscape in terms of both, the quantity and quality of data that firms can acquire. Nowadays, consumers are required to disclose personal data online multiple times a day and in a variety of different contexts, such as creating user profiles, online payment or using location-based services. Despite consumers’ increasing online privacy concerns, firms rely ever more strongly on consumer data that they convert into a competitive advantage through personalized product recommendations and targeted advertising. In an effort to encourage consumer data disclosure, many firms have focused on building trust as a way to counterbalance privacy concerns and mitigate risk perceptions. Correspondingly, marketing literature has continued to examine the interplay of trust and consumer privacy concerns. While the extant research has considerably advanced our understanding of the role of trust in privacy-related decision-making, the majority of studies has mainly focused on single-stage, dyadic disclosure settings and cognitive decision-making processes.
Against this background, the overarching goal of this thesis is to shed light on under-researched data disclosure contexts involving trust and to explore additional facets of the underlying decision-making processes. For example, considering pre- and post-disclosure stages when evaluating consumers’ data disclosure decisions allows for a more holistic picture of the decision-making process. Similarly, social media and sharing economy settings challenge the traditional assumption of purely dyadic consumer-firm data disclosure, thus extending traditional conceptualizations of trust. Across three independent essays, this thesis addresses the overarching research question of how the peculiarities of multi-stage and multi-actor settings shape consumers’ trust-based decision-making strategies.
CNT-PUFs: highly robust and heat-tolerant carbon-nanotube-based physical unclonable functions
(2023)
In this work, we explored a highly robust and unique Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) based on the stochastic assembly of single-walled Carbon NanoTubes (CNTs) integrated within a wafer-level technology. Our work demonstrated that the proposed CNT-based PUFs are exceptionally robust with an average fractional intra-device Hamming distance well below 0.01 both at room temperature and under varying temperatures in the range from 23 °C to 120 °C. We attributed the excellent heat tolerance to comparatively low activation energies of less than 40 meV extracted from an Arrhenius plot. As the number of unstable bits in the examined implementation is extremely low, our devices allow for a lightweight and simple error correction, just by selecting stable cells, thereby diminishing the need for complex error correction. Through a significant number of tests, we demonstrated the capability of novel nanomaterial devices to serve as highly efficient hardware security primitives.