TY - THES A1 - Hofstadler, Julian T1 - Qualitative and quantitative convergence results for randomised integration methods N2 - In this thesis different randomised integration methods based on either, randomised Quasi-Monte Carlo, or (adaptive) Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are studied. Depending on the underlying integration problem we show qualitative and quantitative results, which ensure the asymptotic correctness of an algorithm or provide explicit error bounds. The first problem we consider is Lebesgue integration in the unit cube. We prove that a class of structured randomised integration methods is consistent w.r.t. convergence in mean and probability for any integrable function. Under slightly stronger integrability conditions we show that one also has almost sure convergence for median modified methods. We demonstrate the applicability of our theoretical results by considering randomly shifted lattice rules, randomised (t,d)-sequences, Latin hypercube samples, and randomised Frolov points. Secondly, we study integration w.r.t. probability measures which are available only via their non-normalised density. In this context we investigate Markov chain Monte Carlo methods which satisfy a spectral gap condition and functions which do not need to have a finite second moment. We prove error bounds for the absolute mean error where the rate of convergence is optimal. Illustrative scenarios where our theory is applicable are the random walk Metropolis algorithm as well as slice samplers. Finally, we study so-called adaptive increasingly rare Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. Based on a simultaneous Wasserstein contraction assumption we estimate the mean squared error and also prove bounds which characterise the path-wise convergence of the estimator. To demonstrate the applicability of our results we consider a number of examples, among which are doubly intractable distributions. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15196 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Stoll, Oliver A1 - Praml, Johannes A1 - Reitzer, Lukas T1 - Eine römische Militärfamilie in Passau-Innstadt: Neues zu einem wenig beachteten Denkmal im Römermuseum Kastell Boiotro N2 - Bei dem Beitrag handelt es sich um die neue Bearbeitung eines Grabdenkmals einer römischen Militärfamilie des 3. Jhs. n. Chr. Der Stein, der im Bereich des Gräberfeldes des norischen Kastells Boiodurum aufgestellt gewesen ist, trägt eine schwer lesbare Inschrift. Im Rahmen der Untersuchung mittels Streulicht- bzw. RTI-Scans konnten wir einen neue Lesung der Inschrift erarbeiten. Eingebettet werden diese Ergebnisse in eine Deutung des Denkmals bzw. eine Einordnung in die Gattung dieser Denkmäler von Militärfamilien, die eine Besonderheit des Donauraumes darstellen. KW - Militärfamilie KW - Grabdenkmal KW - RTI-Scan KW - Streulicht-Scan KW - Römische Inschrift in Passau, Neulesung Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15272 ER - TY - THES A1 - Greifenstein, Luisa T1 - Supporting Primary School Programming Education through Formative Feedback N2 - Children are increasingly surrounded by computer science aspects in their everyday life. Primary school education aims at empowering children to participate in and reflect on their environment. Therefore, computer science related contents such as programming are increasingly introduced into primary school curricula. However, this also involves challenges in particular for teachers, who need to familiarise themselves with the new curriculum. As a result, primary school teachers often struggle to help primary school children with their programming issues. Corrective feedback given during the learning process (i. e. formative feedback) can help by promoting cognitive factors such as content knowledge. This thesis therefore aims to support primary school programming education through formative feedback. In order to shed light on different perspectives, both teachers and children participated in the studies in a mixed methods design. Teachers’ challenges and children’s programming issues were explored as a basis for knowing what both target groups struggle with. This was done by conducting content analysis on the challenges and issues collected and using the resulting categories for further quantitative analysis. The effects of different characteristics of feedback on the effectiveness and efficiency of teaching and learning programming were then explained. This was done by asking the teachers and children to explain their ratings and conducting content analysis on their explanations. The support of primary school programming education through formative feedback builds on the major challenge of teachers’ lack of content knowledge and the corresponding strategies of teacher training and automated feedback. Indeed, automated feedback was found to be mostly helpful for debugging and task creation. In order to provide direct support to children, common programming issues were identified in terms of the understanding of programming concepts and the usage of the programming environment. Effects on children’s learning and their preferences were identified for several feedback characteristics, leading for example to elaborated hints instead of simple direct instructions. Based on these results, a formative feedback approach of hint cards was developed and evaluated. The hint cards approach proved to be a useful example strategy for supporting primary school programming education through formative feedback. N2 - Kinder sind in ihrem Alltag zunehmend von informatischen Phänomenen umgeben. Die Grundschulbildung zielt darauf ab, Kinder zu befähigen, an ihrer Umwelt teilzuhaben und sie zu reflektieren. Daher werden informatikbezogene Inhalte wie das Programmieren zunehmend in die Lehrpläne der Grundschulen aufgenommen. Dies bringt jedoch auch Herausforderungen mit sich, insbesondere für die Lehrkräfte, die sich mit dem neuen Lehrplan und Ansätzen vertraut machen müssen. Infolgedessen fällt es Grundschullehrkräften oft schwer, Grundschulkindern bei ihren Programmierproblemen zu helfen. Korrektives Feedback, das während des Lernprozesses gegeben wird (formatives Feedback), kann helfen, indem es kognitive Faktoren wie fachliches Wissen fördert. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es daher, den Programmierunterricht in der Grundschule durch formatives Feedback zu unterstützen. Um die unterschiedlichen Perspektiven zu beleuchten, nahmen sowohl Lehrkräfte als auch Kinder an den Studien in einem Mixed Methods-Design teil. Die Herausforderungen der Lehrkräfte und die Schwierigkeiten der Kinder bei der Programmierung wurden exploriert, um zu erfahren, womit beide Zielgruppen Probleme haben. Dazu wurden die gesammelten Herausforderungen und Probleme einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse unterzogen und die daraus resultierenden Kategorien für eine weitere quantitative Analyse verwendet. Außerdem wurden die Auswirkungen verschiedener Merkmale des Feedbacks auf die Effektivität und Effizienz des Lehrens und Lernens von Programmierkonzepten erklärt. Dazu erläuterten die Lehrkräfte und Kinder ihre Bewertungen und ihre Erläuterungen wurden einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse unterzogen. Die Unterstützung des Programmierunterrichts in der Grundschule durch formatives Feedback baut auf der großen Herausforderung des fehlenden fachlichen Wissens der Lehrkräfte und den entsprechenden Strategien der Lehrkräftebildung und des automatischen Feedbacks auf. Das automatische Feedback erwies sich beim Debugging und bei der Erstellung von Aufgaben als hilfreich. Um die Kinder direkt zu unterstützen, wurden allgemeine Programmierprobleme in Bezug auf das Verständnis von Programmierkonzepten und die Nutzung der Programmierumgebung ermittelt. Es wurden Auswirkungen auf das Lernen der Kinder und ihre Präferenzen für verschiedene Feedback-Merkmale ermittelt, was beispielsweise in elaborierten Hinweisen anstelle einfacher direkter Anweisungen resultiert. Auf der Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse wurde ein formatives Feedbackkonzept mit Hinweiskärtchen entwickelt und evaluiert. Dieses Konzept erwies sich als nützliche Strategie zur Unterstützung des Programmierunterrichts in der Grundschule durch formatives Feedback. KW - feedback KW - programming education KW - primary school education KW - Rückmeldung KW - Grundschulunterricht KW - Algorithmische Programmierung Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15188 ER - TY - BOOK ED - Hertrampf, Marina Ortrud M. T1 - Mater Genetrix BT - les images de la mère dans la littérature contemporaine d’expression française N2 - Que signifie être mère ? Les réponses à cette question ont varié fortement au cours des siècles, évoluant avec les paradigmes idéologiques et culturels qui sous-tendent le statut des femmes dans la société. La conception des femmes en tant que mères, leur rapport à la maternité sont étroitement liés à leurs possibilités sociales et matérielles d'auto-détermination, ainsi qu'à l'autonomie corporelle dont elles disposent ou pas. Au-delà de la dichotomie traditionnelle entre mère idéalisée par la religion ou le patriotisme et mère « monstrueuse » qui néglige, torture ou même tue ses enfants, les contributions réunies dans ce volume analysent un éventail contrasté de figures maternelles dans la littérature française et francophone des 20e et 21e siècles, et interroge les objectifs de leur mise en scène – de la défense de positions féministes à une confrontation d'ordre thérapeutique, voire narcissique, avec la mater genetrix. KW - Mutter KW - Stereotyp KW - Mythos KW - Literatur Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2410221648369.521257990742 SN - 978-3-11-155875-2 PB - Walter der Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hartwig, Susanne T1 - Abschlussbericht zu "Erzählung, Erwartung, Erfahrung. Behinderung im zeitgenössischen europäischen Theater und Film" N2 - Das Projekt EEE (429281822) setzt sich zum Ziel, die Wirkung von Theateraufführungen und Filmen mit Darsteller:innen mit „geistiger“ Behinderung auf die Vorstellungsbilder von „geistiger“ Behinderung systematisch darzustellen. Das Fortsetzungsprojekt EEEM hat zum Ziel, die Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojektes EEE niedrigschwellig einer breiten Öffentlichkeit zu vermitteln. N2 - Closing report on "Narration, expectation, experience. Disability in contemporary European theatre and film" The aim of the project EEE (429281822) is to systematically present the effect of theatre performances and films with actors with learning difficulties on perceptions of intellectual disabilities. The aim of the EEEM follow-up project was to communicate the results of the research project to a broad public in a low-threshold way. KW - Disability Studies KW - Literary Disability Studies KW - Film Studies KW - Theatre Studies Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15686 ER - TY - THES A1 - Binder, Alexandra T1 - Universität nachhaltig bauen. Vom Architekturwettbewerb zur gebauten Realität am Campus Passau N2 - In der Praxis wird für den Bildungssektor, insbesondere für Universitäten, bereits nachhaltig gebaut. Häufig kommen hierzu Architekturwettbewerbe als regulierendes Instrument zum Einsatz. In der Theorie jedoch, im Bereich der Architekturgeschichte, wurde dieses Zusammenspiel noch wenig tiefgreifend behandelt. Vor allem, da es sich um ein architekturhistorisch junges Themenfeld handelt. Speziell über die nachhaltige Bauweise am Campus Passau, der erst in den 1970er Jahren im Zuge eines städtebaulichen Ideen- und Bauwettbewerbes entstand und stetig erweitert wird, und deren Wurzeln ist der Öffentlichkeit wenig bekannt. Um diese Informationslücke zu schließen und die Frage zu beantworten, wie Architekturwettbewerbe im Allgemeinen eine nachhaltige Baukultur für Universitäten begünstigen oder sogar festschreiben können, ist die Dissertation „UNIVERSITÄT NACHHALTIG BAUEN“ entstanden. In ihr wird im Zuge der Erforschung der Architekturgeschichte der Universität Passau analysiert, wie Architekturwettbewerbe die Entstehung ihres nachhaltigen Campus etabliert haben und wie sie das auch weiterhin tun. Somit wird ein signifikanter Beitrag zur architektur- sowie insbesondere ideengeschichtlichen Aufarbeitung von Wettbewerbsverfahren als Instrument nachhaltigen Hochschulbaus geleistet. Im Besonderen wird die Identität der Universität Passau als nachhaltige Hochschule über die Darlegung der Tradition klimafreundlichen Bauens am Campus, welche ihren Ursprung in Konkurrenzen hat, gefestigt. Diese exemplarische Entwicklung mit Leitbildcharakter wird erstmals unter Fokussierung auf ein zukunftsweisendes, aktuell sehr präsentes Thema Nachhaltigkeit, zusammenhängend systematisch dokumentiert, analysiert, kontextualisiert sowie kritisch diskutiert. Ziel dieser Vorgehensweise ist es, einen Nachweis fortdauernder nachhaltiger Baukultur, Architektur sowie nachhaltigen Städtebaus am Beispiel des Campus Passau zu erbringen. Untersucht wird die Zeitspanne ab der Gründung anhand der Analyse der entsprechenden Architekturwettbewerbe, mit Schwerpunkt auf das ursprüngliche Verfahren der 70er Jahre für den Campus am Inn bis hin zum aktuellen Verfahren für den Neubau des Internationalen Wissenschaftszentrums am Spitzberg. Die so entstandenen neuen Erkenntnisse bereichern mittels Brückenschlägen zwischen Theorie und Praxis die Nachhaltigkeitsforschung und den bestehenden architekturwissenschaftlichen Diskurs, eröffnen neue Forschungsperspektiven, werden einer breiten Öffentlichkeit erstmals zugänglich gemacht. Sie können unter anderem als Vorbild und unterstützendes Begleitmaterial zukünftiger Planungen dienen. Hervorzuheben ist dabei immer der Fokus auf die historische Entwicklung, architektonische Revolution und Tradition, die zur heutigen Identität des Campus Passau führte. N2 - Sustainable building for education, especially for universities, is already usual in practice. Architectural competitions are therefore frequently used as an instrument of regulation. In the field of history and theory of architecture however, this kind of interaction has rarely been studied profoundly. Particularly, because it is a young theme of architectural history. The sustainable methods of construction for the campus in Passau that was founded in the 1970s by an architectural competition and that grows continuously aren’t well-known in public. Hence this treatise tries to fill this gap and answer the question, how a sustainable building culture can profit form architectural competitions or how it even can be established by them. Because this approach only developed by the intense study of the architectural history of the University of Passau, it shall be analyzed, how architectural competitions have established the birth of a sustainable campus in Passau and how they continue to do so. Thus, a significant contribution to research in architectural history for competition procedures as instrument of a sustainable university architecture can be achieved. Particularly the identity of the University of Passau as sustainable can be revealed by the exploration of the tradition of climate-friendly building on the campus which has its origin in such contests. This exemplary development will be systematically documented, analyzed, contextualized, and critically discussed for the first time with focus on today’s present theme, sustainability. The aim of this procedure is to prove a persisting building culture, architecture as well as sustainable urban planning by the example of the Campus Passau. This period will be examined from the founding by the analysis of the corresponding architectural competitions with main emphasis on the original procedure from the 70s for the campus at the river Inn to the actual process for the new building of the International Centre of Sciences at the Spitzberg. The new achievements should enrich sustainability research and the recent discourse of architectural science in art history. Furthermore, it should open new perspectives of research. The findings should be accessible for the public for the first time. They can be a role model and supporting material for future planning. Meanwhile the focus of this piece of work stays always on the development, tradition and identity of the Campus Passau and its history. KW - Campus Passau KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Bauwesen KW - Architekturwettbewerb Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14993 SN - 978-3-00-080180-8 N1 - Die Dissertation ist kumulativ. Sie schließt Zweitveröffentlichungen bereits veröffentlichter Essays ein, die beim Klinger Verlag am 09.10.2021 (Jörg Trempler, Hg., Architektur am Campus Passau) bzw. beim Pustet Verlag: 11.10.2024 (Britta Kägler und Christian Handschuh, Hg., 400 Jahre akademisches Leben in Passau) erschienen sind. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fekih Hassen, Wiem A1 - Challouf, Maher T1 - Long short-term renewable energy sources prediction for grid-management systems based on stacking ensemble model JF - Energies N2 - The transition towards sustainable energy systems necessitates effective management of renewable energy sources alongside conventional grid infrastructure. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to optimizing grid management by integrating Photovoltaic (PV), wind, and grid energies to minimize costs and enhance sustainability. A key focus lies in developing an accurate scheduling algorithm utilizing Mixed Integer Programming (MIP), enabling dynamic allocation of energy resources to meet demand while minimizing reliance on cost-intensive grid energy. An ensemble learning technique, specifically a stacking algorithm, is employed to construct a robust forecasting pipeline for PV and wind energy generation. The forecasting model achieves remarkable accuracy with a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of less than 0.1 for short-term (15 min and one day ahead) and long-term (one week and one month ahead) predictions. By combining optimization and forecasting methodologies, this research contributes to advancing grid management systems capable of harnessing renewable energy sources efficiently, thus facilitating cost savings and fostering sustainability in the energy sector. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14649 VL - 2024 IS - 17(13) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritz, Manuela A1 - Grimm, Michael A1 - Weber, Ingmar A1 - Yom-Tov, Elad A1 - Praditya, Benedictus T1 - Can social media encourage diabetes self-screenings? A randomized controlled trial with Indonesian Facebook users JF - npj | Digital medicine N2 - Nudging individuals without obvious symptoms of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) to undergo a health screening remains a challenge, especially in middle-income countries, where NCD awareness is low but the incidence is high. We assess whether an awareness campaign implemented on Facebook can encourage individuals in Indonesia to undergo an online diabetes self-screening. We use Facebook’s advertisement function to randomly distribute graphical ads related to the risk and consequences of diabetes. Depending on their risk score, participants receive a recommendation to undergo a professional screening. We were able to reach almost 300,000 individuals in only three weeks. More than 1400 individuals completed the screening, inducing costs of about US$0.75 per person. The two ads labeled “diabetes consequences” and “shock” outperform all other ads. A follow-up survey shows that many high-risk respondents have scheduled a professional screening. A cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that our campaign can diagnose an additional person with diabetes for about US$9. KW - Health care economics KW - Population screening KW - Risk factors Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15157 VL - 2024 IS - 7 PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adiatu, Afeez T1 - Energizing the inter-regional cooperation and energy governance : an exploration of the Africa-EU energy partnership JF - Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (ISSN: 1848-9257, DOI: 10.13044/j.sdewes) N2 - The emergence of change in the global energy governance structure is precipitated by the shift in global energy technology. The shift from carbon-intense energy to cleaner sources surpasses technological discontinuation. The inter-regional, regional, and sub-regional grouping emerged in global energy governance to support governance capabilities across countries. This research seeks to investigate the inter-regional partnership between Africa and the European Union initiated to facilitate energy decision-making. This study adopts thematic analysis to explore literature and reports on the Africa-EU partnership to understand its impact on the future of the African energy sector. This research argues using a neo-liberal lens that the limited state capacity in energy governance may necessitate inter-regional partnerships to aid energy sector development in Africa. The study concludes that considering Africa's potential in renewable energy sources such as solar irradiation and the limited energy access in the Sub-Saharan region, intervention of external capabilities through technological and financial aids may stimulate the utilization of such potential. KW - global energy governance KW - renewable energy KW - energy transition KW - regionalism KW - global governance Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15782 VL - 2024 IS - 12(4) PB - SDEWES Centre CY - Zagreb ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ungruhe, Christian T1 - Fußballmigration aus Afrika T2 - Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung: Dossier Migration und Sport N2 - Viele afrikanische Fußballerinnen und Fußballer hoffen auf eine Karriere in Ligen auf anderen Kontinenten. Wie hat sich Fußballmigration aus Afrika entwickelt? Mit welchen Risiken ist sie verbunden? KW - Migration KW - Fußball KW - Afrika Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14836 N1 - Zuerst erschienen bei der Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung im Dossier "Migration und Sport" unter https://www.bpb.de/themen/migration-integration/kurzdossiers/549279/fussballmigration-aus-afrika/ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ungruhe, Christian T1 - Football Migration from Africa T2 - Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung: Policy Briefs N2 - Many male and female African footballers strive for a career in leagues on other continents. How has African football migration developed over time? Where do players move? Which risks do they face? KW - Football KW - Migration KW - Africa Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14849 N1 - First published by Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (Bonn) as a Policy Brief under https://www.bpb.de/themen/migration-integration/kurzdossiers/549281/football-migration-from-africa/ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolff, Hannes T1 - Patentability of brain organoids derived from iPSC : a legal evaluation with interdisciplinary aspects JF - Neuroethics N2 - Brain Organoids in their current state of development are patentable. Future brain organoids may face some challenges in this regard, which I address in this contribution. Brain organoids unproblematically fulfil the general prerequisites of patentability set forth in Art. 3 (1) EU-Directive 98/44/EC (invention, novelty, inventive step and susceptibility of industrial application). Patentability is excluded if an invention makes use of human embryos or constitutes a stage of the human body in the individual phases of its formation and development. Both do not apply to brain organoids, unless ES-cells are used. Art. 6 (1) EU-Directive 98/44/EC excludes patentability for inventions “the commercial exploitation of which would be contrary to ordre public or morality”. While there is no conceivable scenario, in which the commercial application of current brain organoids violates the ordre public , the same is not necessarily true for future brain organoids. Keeping in mind that a development of consciousness-like abilities in future brain organoids cannot be excluded and that an ability for both physical and psychological suffering has been theorized, both of which are aspects of the ordre public , certain applications of future brain organoids may constitute a violation of the ordre public and therefore lead to an exclusion of patentability. KW - Patentability KW - Law KW - Brain organoids KW - Consciousness KW - Moral status Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024033111323821449698 SN - 1874-5490 SN - 1874-5504 VL - 17 IS - 1 PB - Springer Netherlands CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reinhardt, Karoline T1 - Die Grenzen der Pflicht und die Grenzen der Supererogation JF - Zeitschrift für Ethik und Moralphilosophie N2 - Wozu sind wir verpflichtet – und was geht gegebenenfalls darüber hinaus? Das ist eine der Grundfragen der Supererogationsdebatte. Welchen Grenzen unterliegt unsere Pflichterfüllung? Welche Handlungen müssen wir als (moralisch) außergewöhnlich betrachten? Seit der Veröffentlichung von James O. Urmsons Aufsatz „Saints and Heroes“ im Jahr 1958 gibt es eine rege Debatte um Fragen der Definition, der Rechtfertigung und der möglichen Anwendung der Kategorie der Supererogation auf konkrete moralische Probleme. Eine der Kerneinsichten feministischer Philosophie aber, dass hinsichtlich der Frage, welche Handlungen wir als Pflicht oder als darüberhinausgehend betrachten, keine ‚Genderneutralität‘ herrscht, hat innerhalb der Supererogationsdebatte wenig Aufmerksamkeit erfahren: Es fehlt bislang eine systematische Untersuchung, welche Implikationen dieser Befund für die Kategorie der Supererogation hat. Insbesondere bei den Zuschreibungen von Heldenhaftigkeit und Heiligkeit, die Urmson zu den paradigmatischen Fällen von Supererogation zählt, ist der Einfluss von Genderrollen besonders auffällig und bedarf einer genaueren Analyse. Diese Beobachtung nimmt der Beitrag zum Ausgangspunkt, um zu zeigen, dass in der Supererogationsdebatte verwendete Beispiele oft mit (impliziten) Annahmen darüber verwoben sind, wer die Akteur:innen sind, die diese Handlungen vollführen – und dass diese Annahmen in hohem Maße an konventionelle und stereotype Geschlechterrollen gebunden sind. Darüber hinaus werden in dieser Debatte die Leistungen von Frauen* im Besonderen oft naturalisiert und marginalisiert. Schließlich ist die Kategorie der Supererogation bis heute häufig mit normierenden Vorstellungen darüber verbunden, was von jemandem erwartet werden kann und was nicht. Ich werde ausgehend von Urmsons einschlägigem Aufsatz eine feministische Analyse der verwendeten Beispiele vornehmen und deren Implikationen für die Kategorie der Supererogation herausarbeiten. KW - Feminismus KW - Heldenhaftigkeit KW - Moral Saints KW - Pflicht KW - Supererogation KW - Urmson KW - Ethik KW - Verdienst KW - Pflicht Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024032621292861050353 SN - 2522-0071 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 215 EP - 235 PB - Springer Berlin Heidelberg CY - Berlin/Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaiser, Tobias T1 - Periods, power series, and integrated algebraic numbers JF - Mathematische Annalen N2 - Periods are defined as integrals of semialgebraic functions defined over the rationals. Periods form a countable ring not much is known about. Examples are given by taking the antiderivative of a power series which is algebraic over the polynomial ring over the rationals and evaluate it at a rational number. We follow this path and close these algebraic power series under taking iterated antiderivatives and nearby algebraic and geometric operations. We obtain a system of rings of power series whose coefficients form a countable real closed field. Using techniques from o-minimality we are able to show that every period belongs to this field. In the setting of o-minimality we define exponential integrated algebraic numbers and show that exponential periods and the Euler constant is an exponential integrated algebraic number. Hence they are a good candiate for a natural number system extending the period ring and containing important mathematical constants. KW - algebraic geometry KW - algebraic topology KW - algebra KW - associative rings and algebras KW - commutative rings and algebras KW - number theory Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024040910285674698609 SN - 0025-5831 SN - 1432-1807 VL - 390 IS - 2 SP - 2043 EP - 2074 PB - Springer Berlin Heidelberg CY - Berlin/Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Narh, John T1 - Progress, challenges and prospects of the modified Taungya system in Ghana JF - Agroforestry Systems N2 - Forest landscape restoration through agroforestry has been implemented as a Nature-based Solution to deforestation in the Global South with varied outcomes. The Modified Taungya System (MTS) is one of such programmes introduced in Ghana to address socio-economically-induced degradation of forest reserves. For two decades since its establishment, there has not been any examination of  a synthesised findings on the MTS and their implication for the prospects of the programme. Using the PRISMA method to select empirical studies, this article examines the state of reforestation under the MTS by reflecting on the conditions of success and failures of the programme. In doing so, two interrelated arguments are advanced. First, the MTS seems to be successful when farmers are well-educated about the programme and their future benefits in the reserves that they enrich. Second, the MTS has largely failed to achieve its full potentials for forest recovery due to bribery, corruption and nepotism that have bedevilled land demarcation to, and delays in signing benefit sharing agreement with, farmers. There is a need for a thorough sensitisation on the MTS to enhance its transparency. Besides, the MTS needs to be remodified if it would be one of the strategies to contribute to the Bonn Challenge and for a durable climate mitigation. KW - Agroforestry KW - Bioeconomy KW - Climate change KW - Mitigation KW - Modified taungya system KW - Nature-based solution Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2405100928309.284032809350 SN - 0167-4366 SN - 1572-9680 VL - 98 IS - 3 SP - 767 EP - 782 PB - Springer Netherlands CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - THES A1 - Lachat, Paul T1 - Detecting Inference Attacks Involving Sensor Data N2 - The collection of personal information by organizations has become increasingly essential for social interactions. Nevertheless, according to the GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation), the organizations have to protect collected data. Access Control (AC) mechanisms are traditionally used to secure information systems against unauthorized access to sensitive data. The increased availability of personal sensor data, thanks to IoT-oriented applications, motivates new services to offer insights about individuals. Consequently, data mining algorithms have been proposed to infer personal insights from collected sensor data. Although they can be used for genuine purposes, attackers can leverage those outcomes, combining them with other type of data, and further breaching individuals’ privacy. Thus, bypassing AC mechanisms thanks to such insights is a concrete problem. We propose an inference detection system based on the analysis of queries issued on a sensor database. The knowledge obtained through these queries, and the inference channels corresponding to the use of data mining algorithms on sensor data to infer individual information, are described using Raw sensor data based Inference ChannEl Model (RICE-M). The detection is carried out by RICE-M based inference detection System (RICE-Sy). RICE-Sy considers at the time of the query, the knowledge that a user obtains via a new query and has obtained via his query history, and determines whether this is sufficient to allow that user to operate a channel. Thus, privacy protection systems can take advantage of the inferences detected by RICE-Sy, taking into account individuals’ information obtained by the attackers via a database of sensors, to further protect these individuals. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14149 ER - TY - THES A1 - Stier, Julian T1 - Structure of Artificial Neural Networks : Empirical Investigations N2 - Within one decade, Deep Learning overtook the dominating solution methods of countless problems of artificial intelligence. "Deep" refers to the deep architectures with operations in manifolds of which there are no immediate observations. For these deep architectures some kind of structure is pre-defined -- but what is this structure? With a formal definition for structures of neural networks, neural architecture search problems and solution methods can be formulated under a common framework. Both practical and theoretical questions arise from closing the gap between applied neural architecture search and learning theory. Does structure make a difference or can it be chosen arbitrarily? This work is concerned with deep structures of artificial neural networks and examines automatic construction methods under empirical principles to shed light on to the so called ``black-box models''. Our contributions include a formulation of graph-induced neural networks that is used to pose optimisation problems for neural architecture. We analyse structural properties for different neural network objectives such as correctness, robustness or energy consumption and discuss how structure affects them. Selected automation methods for neural architecture optimisation problems are discussed and empirically analysed. With the insights gained from formalising graph-induced neural networks, analysing structural properties and comparing the applicability of neural architecture search methods qualitatively and quantitatively we advance these methods in two ways. First, new predictive models are presented for replacing computationally expensive evaluation schemes, and second, new generative models for informed sampling during neural architecture search are analysed and discussed. KW - neural architecture KW - deep learning KW - graph induced neural networks Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14968 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hauke, Alexandra T1 - Ecofeminism and the Gothic Archives of American Folk Horror : Shadows of the Anthropos N2 - This study explores American folk horror as a mode of inquiry into the literary, cultural, filmic, ecological, and political histories of the United States. By using ecofeminist theory to read American folk horror against its roots in the frontier gothic, a genre concerned with the realities and afterlives of American settler colonialism, in turn inextricably linked with the U.S.' founding myths and national narratives that developed since the arrival of the first European settlers, my approach uncovers the dual and simultaneous exploitation of women and nature since 1492, focusing on the ways human and non-human Others continue to be at the mercy of anthropocentric and capitalocentric systems. American folk horror as genre, and the frontier gothic as its archive, allows us to see the ways American founding narratives serve as and word like folklore, contributing to the perpetuation of discrimination against underprivileged groups, especially those who are seen as nature, like women. This book offers a lengthy theorization of the genre as well as both ecofeminist readings of select texts of American folk horror (Darren Aronofsky's mother!, Shirley Jackson's We Have Always Lived in the Castle, Robert Eggers's The VVitch: A New-England Folktale) and a first discussion of a potential corpus of the genre ranging from frontier gothic literature and contemporary film to video games of the 2020s. KW - ecofeminism KW - frontier gothic KW - American folk horror KW - Anthropocene KW - settler colonialism KW - Ökofeminismus KW - Folk-Horror KW - Gothic novel KW - Amerikaforschung Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14768 ER - TY - THES A1 - Juhos, Michael T1 - Probabilistic and geometric aspects of classical and non-commutative lp-type spaces in high dimensions N2 - This cumulative dissertation contains selected contributions to the field of asymptotic geometric analysis and high-dimensional probability. It is divided into two chapters: Chapter 1 explains some of the necessary theoretical background. In Section 1.1 it first gives a very concise history of asymptotic geometric analysis in general and then of the objects under study in particular, setting out some cornerstones in the discovery of the functional-analytic, geometric, and probabilistic properties of the spaces under consideration. The next section (1.2) gives the precise definitions and very basic properties of the three lp-type spaces that play a role in the contributed articles: the classical lp-sequence spaces, the mixed-norm sequence spaces, and the Schatten-classes Sp, each in its infinite- and finite-dimensional version. Section 1.3 is dedicated to the interplay between geometry and probability, expounding the general idea, introducing a few of the common tools, and exemplifying these on two kinds of limit theorems: Schechtman-Schmuckenschläger-type results and Poincaré-Maxwell-Borel lemmas. The first chapter concludes with Section 1.4, addressing a small sample of open questions pertaining to the contributed articles which are not answered in said articles and may be the interest of future research. The entirety of Chapter 2 consists of the contributed articles. N2 - Diese kumulative Dissertation enthält ausgewählte Beiträge zum Gebiet der asymptotischen geometrischen Analyse und der hochdimensionalen Wahrscheinlichkeit. Sie ist in zwei Kapitel geteilt: Kapitel 1 erklärt ein wenig des notwendigen theoretischen Hintergrunds. Abschnitt 1.1 bringt eine sehr kurz gefasste Geschichte der asymptotischen geometrischen Analyse im Allgemeinen und der Studienobjekte im Speziellen und legt einige Eckpunkte der Entdeckung der funktionalanalytischen, geometrischen und probabilistischen Eigenschaften der betrachteten Räume dar. Der nächste Abschnitt (1.2) gibt die genauen Definitionen und sehr grundlegenden Eigenschaften jener drei lp-artigen Räume, die in den beigetragenen Artikeln eine Rolle spielen: die klassischen lp-Folgenräume, die Folgenräume mit gemischter Norm und die Schattenklassen Sp, jeweils in der unendlich- und der endlichdimensionalen Version. Abschnitt 1.3 ist dem Zusammenspiel von Geometrie und Wahrscheinlichkeit gewidmet, er erörtert die allgemeine Idee, stellt einige der gebräuchlichen Werkzeuge vor und gibt zwei Beispiele von Grenzwertsätzen dazu: Schechtman-Schmuckenschläger-artige Ergebnisse und Poincaré-Maxwell-Borel-Lemmas. Das erste Kapitel schließt mit Abschnitt 1.4, der einen kleinen Satz von offenen Fragen anspricht, die zu den beigetragenen Artikeln gehören, darin aber nicht beantwortet werden und die das Interesse künftiger Forschung sein mögen. Kapitel 2 besteht zur Gänze aus den beigetragenen Artikeln. KW - functional analysis KW - asymptotic geometric analysis KW - limit theorems KW - lp-space KW - Schatten class Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14857 ER - TY - THES A1 - Auer, Michael T1 - Improving Automated Android Test Generation N2 - Mobile apps are nowadays the preferred means to accomplish ubiquitous tasks like messaging, e-commerce and even playing games. Often, there exist multiple apps for the same purpose, and it is the choice of the end user to pick an appropriate app. Apps that behave unexpected, e.g., crash frequently, are sooner or later replaced, which isundesirable for the companies developing such apps. Thus, it is essential to tests apps properly before they are released onto the market. However, testing manually is often not only too cost-intensive but also too time-consuming in the short development phase, thus an automated solution is preferred. Testing mobile apps automatically received increased attention in the last decade from primarily people in academia, and several testing techniques evolved. One technique that yielded promising results, especially in different domains, is search-based software testing in which a metaheuristic, e.g., a genetic algorithm, is applied to solve an optimisation problem, e.g., test generation. A main objective of test generation is to produce tests that reveal as many faults as possible. This in turn requires the generation of tests that deeply explore the tested app. The core metric to quantify how much code tests cover is the measurement of code coverage, which can be computed at different levels of granularity ranging from determining the fraction of covered activities to a very fine-grained measurement that calculates the percentage of covered lines. This coverage information is then often used to guide the search of the employed metaheuristic. However, current automated test generation approaches produce tests with a rather low code coverage. Thus, a substantial part of tested apps remains unexplored, which in turn misses revealing deeply residing faults. We identified three core issues that are directly related to the generation of low-coverage tests. First, the applicability of current test generators is often limited. This comprises the fact that current state-of-the-art code coverage tools are incapable of instrumenting a substantial number of apps and consequently, test generators cannot utilise detailed coverage information during exploration. In addition, test generators are often only equipped with a primitive set of actions that are insufficient to simulate system events and complex user inputs. Second, the test execution is extremely time-consuming. This includes among other things the overhead associated with executing individual actions, intermediate restart operations as well as fitness evaluations. Since search-based algorithms require a substantial number of test executions to play out their strengths, the slow test execution impedes the effectiveness of the search. Third, the guidance offered by search-based algorithms is often hampered by applying inadequate fitness functions or by using non-representation-specific variation operators. In this thesis we address the problem of low-coverage tests in the Android domain by proposing several enhancements for the three identified core issues. Concerning the applicability problem, we provide the implementation of a robust code coverage tool that is capable of measuring coverage at different levels of granularity and requires no access to the source code. We also propose to include actions that can simulate system events as well as complex user inputs. Regarding the performance issue, we suggest the integration of a surrogate model that is capable of predicting the outcome of individual actions or complete tests over time in order to reduce the overall test execution costs. With respect to the lack of guidance offered by traditional search-based algorithms, we suggest alternative search strategies. In the case of a deceptive fitness landscape, we propose using novelty search algorithms. Alternatively, we suggest utilising estimation of distribution algorithms that require no crossover or mutation perators to sample new tests. While all those enhancements had a positive impact on the Android test generation process, the individual empirical studies highlighted that further research is necessary to unleash the full power of the proposed search-based algorithms. In particular, exploring complex user interfaces meaningfully requires more attention whether by introducing additional actions or by extracting valuable hints to infer reasonable text inputs. In addition, the guidance offered by fitness functions is often limited because they are either designed too coarse at all or do not accurately reflect the search objectives. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14955 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bohnenkämper, Ronja A1 - Fußeder, Christina A1 - Emmanouilidis, Georgios A1 - Emmert, Cornelia A1 - Haberger, Mathias A1 - Hartmann, Nils A1 - Hohlfeldt, Leonie A1 - Jäckel, Franziska A1 - Körber, Janina A1 - Listl, Johannes A1 - Ostendorp, Falk A1 - Pantaleon Osuna, Alvaro A1 - Steinmetzer, Luzie A1 - Thurl, Lena A1 - Ungruhe, Christian A1 - Wagener, Jonas A1 - Wehner, Stefanie ED - Ungruhe, Christian ED - Pantaleon Osuna, Alvaro ED - Wehner, Stefanie T1 - Socio-economic development and migration in rural Ghana : report from field research in Amedzofe, Volta Region N2 - Migration plays a significant role in Ghanaian society, particularly in rural areas where its impact is inextricably linked to socio-economic dynamics. In March 2023, a student field research field research project was conducted in Amedzofe as part of the international research project “Migration and Translocality in West Africa”, shedding light on various aspects of rural life through the lens of translocality. The field research aimed to address a wide range of topics related to rural livelihoods, focusing on migration and translocal aspects of everyday life. Six working groups embarked on a 10-day field research journey, employing mixed methods encompassing both quantitative and qualitative approaches. This extensive fieldwork followed a semester of intensive preparation, ensuring the thoroughness and depth of the study. The survey results were meticulously analysed and presented, providing valuable insights into the patterns, drivers and impacts of migration in the region. Additionally, the findings of the six working groups offered nuanced perspectives on various facets of rural life, including economic activities, social networks, cultural practices, education and gender aspects. This endeavour aims at fostering a deeper understanding of the complexities surrounding migration and translocality in rural Ghana. It is a testament to the dedication and vision of the late Prof. Dr. Malte Steinbrink, whose leadership and guidance were instrumental in the preparation and realisation of this study. T3 - Migration, translocality and development in times of climate change. Mitra|WA Working Paper Series - 3 KW - migration KW - translocality KW - agriculture KW - land use KW - housing KW - communication KW - education KW - gender KW - research-based learning Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14865 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Render, Anna A1 - Eisenbarth, Hedwig A1 - Oxner, Matt A1 - Jansen, Petra T1 - Arousal, interindividual differences and temporal binding a psychophysiological study JF - Psychological Research (ISSN: 1430-2772) N2 - The sense of agency varies as a function of arousal in negative emotional contexts. As yet, it is unknown whether the same is true for positive affect, and how inter-individual characteristics might predict these effects. Temporal binding, an implicit measure of the sense of agency, was measured in 59 participants before and after watching either an emotionally neutral film clip or a positive film clip with high or low arousal. Analyses included participants’ individual differences in subjective affective ratings, physiological arousal (pupillometry, skin conductance, heart rate), striatal dopamine levels via eye blink rates, and psychopathy. Linear mixed models showed that sexual arousal decreased temporal binding whereas calm pleasure had no facilitation effect on binding. Striatal dopamine levels were positively linked whereas subjective and physiological arousal may be negatively associated with binding towards actions. Psychopathic traits reduced the effect of high arousal on binding towards actions. These results provide evidence that individual differences influence the extent to which the temporal binding is affected by high arousing states with positive valence. KW - Sense of agency KW - Temporal binding KW - Arousal reactivity KW - Eye blink rates KW - Sexual arousal Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2410112103084.421385257281 SN - 0340-0727 SN - 1430-2772 VL - 88 IS - 5 SP - 1653 EP - 1677 PB - Springer Berlin Heidelberg CY - Berlin/Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lengler, Johannes A1 - Opris, Andre A1 - Sudholt, Dirk T1 - Analysing Equilibrium States for Population Diversity JF - Algorithmica (ISSN: 1432-0541) N2 - Population diversity is crucial in evolutionary algorithms as it helps with global exploration and facilitates the use of crossover. Despite many runtime analyses showing advantages of population diversity, we have no clear picture of how diversity evolves over time. We study how the population diversity of (μ+1)algorithms, measured by the sum of pairwise Hamming distances, evolves in a fitness-neutral environment. We give an exact formula for the drift of population diversity and show that it is driven towards an equilibrium state. Moreover, we bound the expected time for getting close to the equilibrium state. We find that these dynamics, including the location of the equilibrium, are unaffected by surprisingly many algorithmic choices. All unbiased mutation operators with the same expected number of bit flips have the same effect on the expected diversity. Many crossover operators have no effect at all, including all binary unbiased, respectful operators. We review crossover operators from the literature and identify crossovers that are neutral towards the evolution of diversity and crossovers that are not. KW - Evolutionary algorithms KW - Runtime analysis KW - Diversity KW - Population dynamics Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2406282100292.409184699704 SN - 0178-4617 SN - 1432-0541 VL - 86 IS - 7 SP - 2317 EP - 2351 PB - Springer US CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nieder, Jessica A1 - van de Vijver, Ruben A1 - Ussishkin, Adam T1 - Emerging Roots: Investigating Early Access to Meaning in Maltese Auditory Word Recognition JF - Cognitive Science (ISSN: 1551-6709) N2 - In Semitic languages, the consonantal root is central to morphology, linking form and meaning. While psycholinguistic studies highlight its importance in language processing, the role of meaning in early lexical access and its representation remain unclear. This study investigates when meaning becomes accessible during the processing of Maltese verb forms, using a computational model based on the Discriminative Lexicon framework. Our model effectively comprehends and produces Maltese verbs, while also predicting response times in a masked auditory priming experiment. Results show that meaning is accessible early in lexical access and becomes more prominent after the target word is fully processed. This suggests that semantic information plays a critical role from the initial stages of lexical access, refining our understanding of real‐time language comprehension. Our findings contribute to theories of lexical access and offer valuable insights for designing priming studies in psycholinguistics. Additionally, this study demonstrates the potential of computational models in investigating the relationship between form and meaning in language processing. KW - Maltese KW - Early lexical access KW - Meaning KW - Computational modeling Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-17638 SN - 0364-0213 SN - 1551-6709 VL - 48 IS - 11 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Daschner, Stefan A1 - Obermaier, Robert T1 - Do We Use Relatively Bad (Algorithmic) Advice? The Effects of Performance Feedback and Advice Representation on Advice Usage JF - Journal of Behavioral Decision Making (ISSN: 1099-0771) N2 - Algorithms are capable of advising human decision‐makers in an increasing number of management accounting tasks such as business forecasts. Due to expected potential of these (intelligent) algorithms, there are growing research efforts to explore ways how to boost algorithmic advice usage in forecasting tasks. However, algorithmic advice can also be erroneous. Yet, the risk of using relatively bad advice is largely ignored in this research stream. Therefore, we conduct two online experiments to examine this risk of using relatively bad advice in a forecasting task. In Experiment 1, we examine the influence of performance feedback (revealing previous relative advice quality) and source of advice on advice usage in business forecasts. The results indicate that the provision of performance feedback increases subsequent advice usage but also the usage of subsequent relatively bad advice. In Experiment 2, we investigate whether advice representation, that is, displaying forecast intervals instead of a point estimate, helps to calibrate advice usage towards relative advice quality. The results suggest that advice representation might be a potential countermeasure to the usage of relatively bad advice. However, the effect of this antidote weakens when forecast intervals become less informative. KW - confidence intervals KW - forecast KW - perfect automation schema KW - performance feedback KW - relatively bad advice KW - source of advice Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-17615 SN - 0894-3257 SN - 1099-0771 VL - 37 IS - 5 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vishnu Nampoothiri, Madhavan A1 - Entrop, Oliver A1 - Annamalai, Thillai Rajan T1 - Effect of mandatory sustainability performance disclosures on firm value: Evidence from listed European firms JF - Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management (ISSN: 1535-3966) N2 - Corporate Sustainability Performance (CSP) reporting is becoming increasingly important to investors who seek to identify and invest in companies that are managing their Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) risks effectively. The European Union's Non‐Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD), which was implemented in 2017, mandates that certain large companies must disclose their sustainability performance. This study examines the impact of the EU NFRD on the firm value of listed European firms using a difference‐in‐differences regression model. We find that the mandatory disclosure of corporate sustainability performance does not significantly affect firm value at an aggregate level. However, the results suggest minor inter‐industry differences, which can be attributed to varying sustainability performance metrics across industries. These findings contribute not only to the nascent literature on mandatory sustainability disclosures but also to the deliberations of policymakers and regulators across the world who are devising and implementing mandatory corporate sustainability performance disclosure regulations. KW - corporate social responsibility KW - ESG KW - firm value KW - mandatory disclosure KW - non‐financial reporting KW - sustainability Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-17620 SN - 1535-3958 SN - 1535-3966 VL - 31 IS - 6 SP - 5220 EP - 5235 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. CY - Chichester, UK ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulte, Lukas A1 - Ledel, Benjamin A1 - Herbold, Steffen T1 - Studying the explanations for the automated prediction of bug and non-bug issues using LIME and SHAP JF - Empirical Software Engineering (ISSN: 1573-7616) N2 - Context The identification of bugs within issues reported to an issue tracking system is crucial for triage. Machine learning models have shown promising results for this task. However, we have only limited knowledge of how such models identify bugs. Explainable AI methods like LIME and SHAP can be used to increase this knowledge. Objective We want to understand if explainable AI provides explanations that are reasonable to us as humans and align with our assumptions about the model’s decision-making. We also want to know if the quality of predictions is correlated with the quality of explanations. Methods We conduct a study where we rate LIME and SHAP explanations based on their quality of explaining the outcome of an issue type prediction model. For this, we rate the quality of the explanations, i.e., if they align with our expectations and help us understand the underlying machine learning model. Results We found that both LIME and SHAP give reasonable explanations and that correct predictions are well explained. Further, we found that SHAP outperforms LIME due to a lower ambiguity and a higher contextuality that can be attributed to the ability of the deep SHAP variant to capture sentence fragments. Conclusion We conclude that the model finds explainable signals for both bugs and non-bugs. Also, we recommend that research dealing with the quality of explanations for classification tasks reports and investigates rater agreement, since the rating of explanations is highly subjective. KW - Explainable AI KW - LIME KW - SHAP KW - Issue type prediction Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2409232103207.812648424894 SN - 1382-3256 SN - 1573-7616 VL - 29 IS - 4 PB - Springer US CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Donner, Eva Katharina A1 - Meißner, Annekatrin A1 - Bort, Suleika T1 - Moving from voluntary to mandatory sustainability reporting—Transparency in sustainable development goals (SDG) reporting: An analysis of Germany's largest MNCs JF - Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility (ISSN: 2694-6424) N2 - A growing number of multinational companies (MNCs) report on their progress toward contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in their annual reports, yet the amount and quality of the information they disclose varies significantly. The aim of this study is twofold: First, we investigate how transparent MNCs report on their SDG engagement and second, we study how the reported SDG engagement changed over time due to major shifts in sustainability reporting requirements. Using a dataset of the largest German MNCs, we analyze their disclosure of SDG contribution reporting practices. Our results show that, overall, between 2016 and 2021 all German MNCs increased their SDG reporting activity and that the MNCs adopted four different practices to report their SDG engagement. We also found that the largest MNCs were more transparent and systematic in their SDG reporting than smaller MNCs, whose reporting was more heterogeneous. Our study contributes to legitimacy research and the role of transparency in corporate reporting as well as the debates on the efficacy of sustainability reporting legislation in the context of SDG engagement. Our findings imply that regulations on environmental and social regulation increase the transparency of sustainability reporting. KW - multinational companies (MNCs) KW - sustainability reporting KW - transparency KW - UN sustainable development goals Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16527 SN - 2694-6416 SN - 2694-6424 VL - 34 IS - 3 SP - 900 EP - 911 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aistleitner, Christoph A1 - Frühwirth, Lorenz A1 - Prochno, Joscha T1 - Diophantine conditions in the law of the iterated logarithm for lacunary systems JF - Probability Theory and Related Fields (ISSN: 1432-2064) N2 - It is a classical observation that lacunary function systems exhibit many properties which are typical for systems of independent random variables. However, it had already been observed by Erdős and Fortet in the 1950s that probability theory’s limit theorems may fail for lacunary sums (sum f(n_k x)) if the sequence ((n_k)_{k ge 1}) has a strong arithmetic “structure”. The presence of such structure can be assessed in terms of the number of solutions k, l of two-term linear Diophantine equations (an_k - bn_l = c). As the first author proved with Berkes in 2010, saving an (arbitrarily small) unbounded factor for the number of solutions of such equations compared to the trivial upper bound, rules out pathological situations as in the Erdős–Fortet example, and guarantees that (sum f(n_k x)) satisfies the central limit theorem (CLT) in a form which is in accordance with true independence. In contrast, as shown by the first author, for the law of the iterated logarithm (LIL) the Diophantine condition which suffices to ensure “truly independent” behavior requires saving this factor of logarithmic order. In the present paper we show that, rather surprisingly, saving such a logarithmic factor is actually the optimal condition in the LIL case. This result reveals the remarkable fact that the arithmetic condition required of ((n_k)_{k ge 1}) to ensure that (sum f(n_k x)) shows “truly random” behavior is a different one at the level of the CLT than it is at the level of the LIL: the LIL requires a stronger arithmetic condition than the CLT does. KW - Lacunary trigonometric sums KW - Law of the iterated logarithm KW - Diophantine equations Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2406190937284.886045166092 SN - 0178-8051 SN - 1432-2064 VL - 192 IS - 1 SP - 545 EP - 574 PB - Springer CY - Berlin/Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beurskens, Michael A1 - Scherzinger, Stefanie T1 - Legal Perspectives on Research Data Storage JF - Datenbank-Spektrum (ISSN: 1618-2162) N2 - Responsibly managing research data has become increasingly important for researchers, especially within the database research community. Despite significant progress in best practices, the state-of-the-art in research data storage is lacking from a legal perspective. We introduce the stakeholders and the dynamic nature of their relationships (such as researchers changing affiliation) and observe that no existing infrastructure for research data storage fully meets their requirements. Therefore, we emphasize the need to design a comprehensive system architecture for research data storage that is aligned with legal considerations from the start, rather than as an afterthought. KW - Storage Contract KW - Copyright KW - Sui Generis Right KW - Privacy KW - Trade Secrets KW - Research Data Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2410012125227.647518861484 SN - 1618-2162 SN - 1610-1995 VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 85 EP - 95 PB - Springer CY - Berlin/Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Franke, Jan A1 - Heinrich, Florian A1 - Reisch, Raven T. T1 - Vision based process monitoring in wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) JF - Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing (ISSN: 1572-8145) N2 - A stable welding process is crucial to obtain high quality parts in wire arc additive manufacturing. The complexity of the process makes it inherently unstable, which can cause various defects, resulting in poor geometric accuracy and material properties. This demands for in-process monitoring and control mechanisms to industrialize the technology. In this work, process monitoring algorithms based on welding camera image analysis are presented. A neural network for semantic segmentation of the welding wire is used to monitor the working distance as well as the horizontal position of the wire during welding and classic image processing techniques are applied to capture spatter formation. Using these algorithms, the process stability is evaluated in real time and the analysis results enable the direction independent closed-loop-control of the manufacturing process. This significantly improves geometric fidelity as well as mechanical properties of the fabricated part and allows the automated production of parts with complex deposition paths including weld bead crossings, curvatures and overhang structures. KW - Wire arc additive manufacturing KW - Vision based monitoring KW - Machine learning KW - Nozzle-to-work distance monitoring KW - Contact tube wear off detection KW - Spatter detection Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2405052141549.085870766506 SN - 0956-5515 SN - 1572-8145 VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 1711 EP - 1721 PB - Springer US CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sinn, Johanna T1 - Grenzen aufopfernder Pflege T1 - On the limits of self-sacrifice in care relations BT - Ein Kommentar zu Hilge Landweer BT - A comment on Hilge Landweer JF - Zeitschrift für Ethik und Moralphilosophie (ISSN: 2522-0071) Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2408062121464.920156372049 SN - 2522-0071 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 281 EP - 284 PB - Springer CY - Berlin/Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rieger, Eva T1 - A Manchurian Candidate? The GOP’s Discourse on the Russian War in Ukraine T1 - Ein Manchurian-Kandidat? Der Diskurs der Republikanischen Partei zu Russlands Krieg in der Ukraine JF - Politische Vierteljahresschrift (ISSN: 1862-2860) N2 - The United States has a longstanding tradition regarding its overall foreign policy, in the form of a bipartisan consensus. This includes—among other things—maintaining alliances and curbing the influence of rivals (e.g., Russia). Since this consensus has been in place, traditionally the Republican Party (GOP) has been especially intent on a less cooperative and more containing or deterring stance towards Russia. With former U.S. President Donald Trump, we can see a turning point in this behaviour by the GOP. Trump’s obvious admiration for Russian president Putin and his statements about Putin being overly favourable, while simultaneously questioning NATO and the United States’ commitment to defend Eastern European partners, show a distinctive shift in the GOP’s discourse. This renunciation has subsequently been picked up by parts of the Republican Party, rendering the bipartisan consensus a contested issue. The full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 now constitutes an important external shock influencing said discursive shift. By drawing on discourse-bound identity theory and discourse analysis, the GOP’s discourse regarding Russia and NATO is expected to have (substantially) changed in a kind of Zeitenwende —back towards the bipartisan consensus. This article will, therefore, analyse the statements of prominent Republicans after the Russian invasion, compare them to Trump’s positions on these issues, and identify whether the invasion serves as a formative event that creates an overall shift in rhetoric and positions. N2 - Die USA haben eine langanhaltende Tradition in ihrer allgemeinen Außenpolitik, in Form des sog. „bipartisan consensus“. Darin enthalten sind u. a. das Erhalten von Allianzen und die Einschränkung des Einflusses von Rivalen (bspw. Russlands). Seit dieser Konsens existiert, verfolgen die Republikaner traditionellerweise einen weniger kooperativen, eher einhegenden und abschreckenden Kurs gegenüber Russland. Mit dem früheren US-Präsidenten Trump kann man hier eine Wende im Verhalten der Partei erkennen. Die Verschiebung des Republikanischen Diskurses zeigt sich klar mit seiner offensichtlichen Bewunderung für Russlands Präsident Putin und seinen lobenden Aussagen über diesen, während er die NATO und die Verteidigungspflicht gegenüber osteuropäischen Partnern hinterfragt. Diese Abkehr von früheren Positionen wurde daraufhin von Teilen der Republikanischen Partei übernommen, wodurch der bisherige „bipartisan consensus“ contestet wird. Die russische Invasion der Ukraine im Februar 2022 stellt hierbei nun einen entscheidenden externen Schock dar, der diesen diskursiven Wandel beeinflussen kann. Unter der Einbeziehung der diskursgebundenen Identitätstheorie und einer Diskursanalyse wird davon ausgegangen, dass sich der Republikanische Diskurs zu Russland und der NATO (erheblich) gewandelt hat – zurück zum „bipartisan consensus“ in einer Art Zeitenwende . Dafür werden in diesem Artikel Aussagen relevanter Republikaner:innen nach der russischen Invasion analysiert, mit den Positionen Trumps zu diesen Themen verglichen und festgestellt, ob es sich demnach um ein formatives Ereignis handelt, durch das ein genereller Wandel in Rhetorik und Einstellungen entsteht. KW - - KW - U.S. foreign policy discourse KW - Republican Party KW - NATO KW - Ukraine war KW - Bipartisan consensus KW - US-Außenpolitik Diskurs KW - Republikanische Partei KW - NATO KW - Ukraine-Krieg KW - Bipartisan consensus Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2411132119230.713822872360 SN - 0032-3470 SN - 1862-2860 VL - 66 IS - 1 SP - 77 EP - 99 PB - Springer Fachmedien CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andraschko, Bernhard A1 - Danner, Julian A1 - Kreuzer, Martin T1 - SAT Solving Using XOR-OR-AND Normal Forms JF - Mathematics in Computer Science (ISSN: 1661-8289) N2 - This paper introduces the XOR-OR-AND normal form (XNF) for logical formulas. It is a generalization of the well-known Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF) where literals are replaced by XORs of literals. As a first theoretic result, we show that every CNF formula is equisatisfiable to a formula in 2-XNF, i.e., a formula in XNF where each clause involves at most two XORs of literals. Subsequently, we present an algorithm which converts Boolean polynomials efficiently from their Algebraic Normal Form (ANF) to formulas in 2-XNF. Experiments with the cipher ASCON-128 show that cryptographic problems, which by design are based strongly on XOR-operations, can be represented using far fewer variables and clauses in 2-XNF than in CNF. In order to take advantage of this compact representation, new SAT solvers based on input formulas in 2-XNF need to be designed. By taking inspiration from graph-based 2-CNF SAT solving, we devise a new DPLL-based SAT solver for formulas in 2-XNF. Among others, we present advanced pre- and in-processing techniques. Finally, we give timings for random 2-XNF instances and instances related to key recovery attacks on round reduced ASCON-128, where our solver outperforms state-of-the-art alternative solving approaches. KW - - KW - SAT solving KW - XOR constraint KW - Algebraic normal form KW - Implication graph KW - Cryptographic attack KW - 03B70 KW - 13P15 KW - 05C90 KW - 94A60 Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2502242130589.859216082138 SN - 1661-8270 SN - 1661-8289 VL - 18 IS - 4 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinrich, Horst-Alfred T1 - Partizipationsvorstellungen von Bürger:innen: Eine explorative Anwendung der Draw&Write-Technik als Survey-Instrument T1 - Citizens’ ideas of participation: using the Draw&Write technique as a survey tool JF - Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft (ISSN: 2366-2638) N2 - In einer bayernweiten postalischen Umfrage wurden unter Anwendung der Draw&Write -Technik die Zielpersonen gebeten, ihre Vorstellung von Demokratie zu zeichnen. Eine Bildtypenanalyse ergab zwar, dass die Bilder im erhobenen Datensatz die große Bedeutung bestätigen, die der Wahl in der Demokratie zukommt. Doch führt die in diesem Bereich neue Methode zu beachtlichen Differenzen verglichen mit den Ergebnissen standardisierter Umfragen. Der Mehrwert der Draw&Write -Technik zeigt sich darin, dass das Datenmaterial nicht nur die bekannten Kategorien der repräsentativen, direktdemokratischen, deliberativen oder demonstrativen Beteiligung spiegelt. Ein Teil der Zeichnungen wurde zwei weiteren Kategorien zugeordnet: 1) Klagen über empfundene Ohnmacht und Einflusslosigkeit angesichts eines repräsentativen Herrschaftssystems sowie 2) Appelle an Konsensfähigkeit und die Bereitschaft zur Verantwortungsübernahme als Bedingungen, die die Bürger:innen erfüllen müssen, wenn Beteiligung am politischen Prozess gelingen soll. Weiterhin ist das Ergebnis von großem Wert, weil das Zeichnen im Rahmen eines postalischen Surveys genutzt wurde. Ein Bias besteht lediglich hinsichtlich der Bildungsvariable, was aber auch bei der Anwendung offener Fragen zu erwarten wäre. N2 - In a Bavaria-wide postal survey, the target persons were asked to draw their idea of democracy using the Draw&Write technique. An image type analysis showed that the images in the collected data set confirm the great importance attached to voting in a democracy. However, the new method used in this area leads to considerable differences compared to the results of standardised surveys. The added value of the Draw&Write technique is demonstrated by the fact that the data material not only reflects the familiar categories of representative, direct-democratic, deliberative or demonstrative participation. Some of the drawings were assigned to two further categories: 1) complaints about perceived powerlessness and lack of influence in the face of a representative system of rule and 2) appeals for consensus and a willingness to take responsibility as conditions that citizens must fulfil if participation in the political process is to succeed. Furthermore, the result is of great value because the drawing task was used as part of a postal survey. There is only a bias with regard to the education variable, but this is also to be expected when using open-ended questions. KW - - KW - Draw&Write-Technik KW - Bildtypenanalyse KW - Partizipation KW - Surveyforschung KW - Draw&write technique KW - Image type analysis KW - Participation KW - Survey research Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2412202107197.782688552245 SN - 1430-6387 SN - 2366-2638 VL - 34 IS - 3 SP - 425 EP - 445 PB - Springer Fachmedien CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goerigk, Marc A1 - Khosravi, Mohammad T1 - Robust combinatorial optimization problems under budgeted interdiction uncertainty JF - OR Spectrum (ISSN: 1436-6304) N2 - In robust combinatorial optimization, we would like to find a solution that performs well under all realizations of an uncertainty set of possible parameter values. How we model this uncertainty set has a decisive influence on the complexity of the corresponding robust problem. For this reason, budgeted uncertainty sets are often studied, as they enable us to decompose the robust problem into easier subproblems. We propose a variant of discrete budgeted uncertainty for cardinality-based constraints or objectives, where a weight vector is applied to the budget constraint. We show that while the adversarial problem can be solved in linear time, the robust problem becomes NP-hard and not approximable. We discuss different possibilities to model the robust problem and show experimentally that despite the hardness result, some models scale relatively well in the problem size. KW - - KW - Robust optimization KW - Combinatorial optimization KW - Budgeted uncertainty KW - Knapsack uncertainty Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2408131120370.349068848723 SN - 0171-6468 SN - 1436-6304 VL - 47 IS - 1 SP - 255 EP - 285 PB - Springer CY - Berlin/Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kosch, Harald A1 - Brunie, Lionel A1 - Mayer, Tobias A1 - Hasan, Omar A1 - Schiedermeier, Maximilian T1 - Anonymous voting using distributed ledger-assisted secure multi-party computation JF - Applied Network Science N2 - High voter turnout in elections and referendums is desirable to ensure a robust democracy. Secure electronic voting is a vision for the future of elections and referendums. Such a system can counteract factors hindering strong voter turnout such as the requirement of physical presence during limited hours at polling stations. However, this vision brings transparency and confidentiality requirements that render the design of such solutions challenging. Specifically, the counting implementation must support reproducibility, and the choice of individual voters must remain confidential. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a novel referendum protocol that ensures transparency, confidentiality, and integrity, in trustless networks. The protocol is built by combining secure multi-party computation and distributed ledger technology, e.g., a Blockchain. The persistence and immutability of the protocol communication allow verifiability of the referendum outcome by any participant. Voters therefore do not need to trust third parties. We provide a formal description and conduct a thorough security evaluation of our proposal. KW - E-voting KW - Distributed ledger KW - Trustless networks KW - Transparency Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15176 VL - 2024 IS - 9 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham (Schweiz) ER - TY - THES A1 - Stumpf, Peter Frederik T1 - Partial Representation Extension and Simultaneous Representation of Intersection Graphs N2 - Many real world problems can be modeled with geometric intersection graphs. A (geometric) intersection representation of a graph G=(V,E) is a family {R_v}_{v\in V} of geometric objects such that two geometric objects R_u, R_v intersect if and only if the corresponding vertices u, v are adjacent in G. The most prominent class of intersection graphs are interval graphs, which have representations consisting only of intervals on the real line. Interval graphs have applications in genetics, scheduling, archaeology and many more fields. The recognition problem asks the question whether a given graph belongs to a certain graph class. Two natural generalizations of the recognition problem are the partial representation extension problem and the simultaneous representation problem. In the partial representation extension problem one is given a graph G and a partial representation, i.e., a representation of a subgraph of G. The question then is whether the partial representation can be extended to the whole graph G without changing the given partial representation. In the simultaneous representation problem one is given multiple graphs G_1,...,G_k that can have shared parts, and the question is whether there are representations of all input graphs such that shared vertices are represented by the same geometric objects. Often the sunflower case is considered, where the shared part of any two input graphs is the same. We determine the complexity of the partial representation extension problem and the simultaneous representation problem, especially in the sunflower case for various intersection graph classes. We also improve the running time for various intersection graph classes. In particular, we show that the partial representation extension problem for circular-arc graphs is NP-complete and that the simultaneous representation problem for interval graphs can be solved in linear time in the sunflower case, answering open questions from 2014 and 2010. KW - partial representation KW - simultaneous representation KW - sunflower representation Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15201 ER - TY - THES A1 - Grabl, Susanne T1 - How Technological Advancements and Digitalization Impact Both Organizational Behavior and Work Structures N2 - Organizations are in a constant state of flux, making transformations an inevitable aspect of their evolution and adaptation (By, 2005; Kotter, 1995). Transformations in organizations take many forms. These include sustainability transformations intended to make organizations more sustainable and fit for the future (Bansal, 2005; Corbett & Mellouli, 2017; Kim et al., 2017; Robertson & Barling, 2013). Additionally, transformations can affect day-to-day work and impact working practices (Orlikowski, 2002; Watson-Manheim et al., 2002, 2012). On the one hand, this enables more flexible working conditions through the introduction of hybrid work, for instance (Halford, 2005). On the other hand, new digital transformations, such as platform work (Deng et al., 2016; Deng & Joshi, 2016; Kittur et al., 2013; Kost et al., 2018), allow organizations to outsource work. Platform work allows users to work completely flexibly and organize their working day according to their needs (Deng et al., 2016; Deng & Joshi, 2016; Kost et al., 2018). A distinction can be made between different types of platforms. There are platforms that require physical labor, such as Uber (Duggan et al., 2020; Möhlmann et al., 2021), where transportation trips can be booked, or DoorDash, where food is delivered (Griesbach et al., 2019). Furthermore, there are entirely virtual online platforms. These include freelancing platforms such as Topcoder or Upwork, where workers advertise their profiles for jobs such as web design (Howcroft & Bergvall-Kåreborn, 2019; Shafiei Gol et al., 2019; Taylor & Joshi, 2019). They are evaluated by their clients and paid according to their work performance. There is also another type of platform with very low entry barriers: micro-task crowdsourcing platforms (Bush & Balven, 2021; Deng et al., 2016; Deng & Joshi, 2016; Wong et al., 2020). Here, people can perform currently posted tasks without prior application and receive a small remuneration (Deng et al., 2016). Digital transformations in the workplace change work processes and practices in the long term (Carroll et al., 2023). For instance, the introduction of hybrid work allows employees to divide their working time between the office and remote locations (Halford, 2005). Studies have shown that this shift has not negatively impacted employee performance, but has actually improved it (Abdullah et al., 2020; Mann & Holdsworth, 2003; Wessel et al., 2021). Thanks to the gain in flexibility, employees are at least as productive as in mere office work. However, this can also have negative effects, for example on the training of new employees or on maintaining social contacts among colleagues (Hafermalz & Riemer, 2020; Weritz et al., 2022). Another transformation changing organizations, particularly day-to-day work, is the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) (Strich et al., 2021). AI encompasses a range of technologies that aim to mimic human cognitive processes or learn independently to solve problems (Asatiani, Malo, et al., 2021; Benbya et al., 2021; Berente et al., 2021). AI differs from previous technologies in terms of its self-learning nature, its (partial) autonomy in decision-making, and its opacity (Asatiani, Malo, et al., 2021; Barredo Arrieta et al., 2020). A special type of AI in use is generative AI (GAI). GAI is a model capable of creating apparently new content such as texts, codes, images, etc. (Brynjolfsson et al., 2023; Susarla et al., 2023). GAI applications like ChatGPT and Bard have quickly gained a large user base due to their easy accessibility, applicability, and versatility (Alavi et al., 2024; Kowalczyk et al., 2023). In addition to private use, GAI is utilized in various work processes across different professions (Benbya et al., 2024; Brynjolfsson et al., 2023), benefiting employees and organizations by improving the quality and efficiency of work (Brynjolfsson et al., 2023; Jia et al., 2024). In my dissertation, I explore these various types of transformation. Thereby, I contribute to a dynamic field and demonstrate how transformations in organizations can have a lasting impact on work processes. I have approached this multifaceted topic in a total of four studies. KW - Transformation KW - Work Structures KW - Organizational Behavior Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15149 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schiele, Anita T1 - Grenzschutz gegen illegale Einwanderung im Bundesstaat : ein Vergleich der rechtlichen Situation in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika N2 - Die Arbeit untersucht aus rechtsvergleichender Perspektive die Thematik des Grenzschutzes gegen illegale Einwanderung in den Bundesstaaten der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika sowie der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, dort unter Berücksichtigung des Einflusses der Europäischen Union. Betrachtet werden insbesondere die Kompetenzverteilung und föderale Konfliktlösungsmechanismen, einschließlich der Möglichkeit, Streitigkeiten zwischen dem Bund und den Gliedstaaten gerichtlich klären zu lassen. KW - Grenzschutz KW - Einwanderung KW - Bundesstaat KW - Föderalismus Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14929 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Pantaleón Osuna, Álvaro T1 - Climate change as a driver of migration? A comparative case study in eastern and northern Ghana N2 - Academic studies and media reports have pointed to climate change as a dominant factor responsible for future mass migrations from and within the Global South. In response to the deterministic nature of their estimates and predictions, this research explores the link that migrants establish between the environmental changes they experience and migration as a climate adaptation strategy. Furthermore, the overlaps between the profile and migratory behavior of those who manifest a greater presence of climate change in their migratory processes and their counterparts are analysed to identify potential unique climate migration patterns and practices. The quantitative analysis of data gathered in the context of the Mitra|WA project in Ghana's Eastern and Northern Regions in 2022 reveals that, while migration is not predominantly propelled by climate change climate, it does not constitute a new form of mobility demarcated from existing migration patterns and practices. This paper provides an opportunity to redirect future research towards the factors that determine the agency of individuals in response to climate hazards and to explore the role of climate change in a set of drivers of migration in a West African setting. T3 - Migration, translocality and development in times of climate change. Mitra|WA Working Paper Series - 1 KW - Environmental change KW - Adaption strategies KW - Climate-induced migration KW - Drivers of migration KW - Translocality Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14585 IS - 1 CY - Passau ER - TY - THES A1 - Faltermaier, Stefan T1 - A Sociotechnical Perspective on Digital Transformation of Work in Organizations, on Platforms, and in Academia N2 - The findings of this dissertation reveal that digital transformation in the workplace accelerates ongoing changes in work practices, leading to transformations in organizations on both social and technological levels (study one). A key challenge identified in our case from study one is that highly virtual and digital work environments can undermine the integration of new employees and weaken organizational cohesion, resulting in more isolated work that tends to occur either individually or in small groups. In completely detached work settings (study two), our findings emphasize the prevalence of negative work experiences - frustration in our case – and the central role of both social and technical antecedents. Work settings devoid of any organizational framework, such as microtask crowd work, show an even greater detachment from shared values and structures compared to study one, posing significant challenges for the workers involved. These challenging conditions for individuals and organizations highlight the necessity for further research and the development of innovative theories to better comprehend these dynamics, and to devise strategies to manage these challenges effectively. Studies three and four build on this premise. In these studies, within the context of the digital transformation of academic work, we demonstrated how ML combined with XAI applications can be employed in theory development. KW - Digital Transformation of Work KW - Hybrid Work KW - Online Labor Platforms KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Explainable Artificial Intelligence Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15233 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Piwoni, Eunike T1 - Comprehending and sensing racism : how Germans of migrant background make sense of experiences of ethnoracial exclusion JF - Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies (Onine ISSN: 1469-9451) N2 - Over the past decade, there has been a strong focus on studying individuals’ responses to stigmatisation, discrimination and racism, while the question of how individuals recognise and make sense of an exclusionary event, has been largely side-lined. To fill in this gap, this study leverages an affect-theoretically informed reformulation of Essed’s (1991, Understanding Everyday Racism: An Interdisciplinary Theory. London: Sage) classic concept of ‘comprehension of racism’ to investigate how individuals understand and make sense of experiences of ethnoracial exclusion. Empirically, the article analyses 419 experiences/incidents of ethnoracial exclusion reported in 66 semi-structured interviews with highly educated, second and 1.75 generation immigrants representing three ‘groups’ of Germans who (may) experience exclusion due to their migrant background: Germans of Polish migrant background, Black Germans and Germans of Turkish migrant background. The study identifies three modes by which interviewees talked about exclusionary experiences/incidents: (1) by normalisation (interpreting an experience/incident as ‘normal’), (2) by categorisation (identifying an experience/incident as, e.g. ‘racist’, ‘discriminatory’, or ‘disadvantaging’) or (3) by indicating feelings of unease. For each of the three modes, the article outlines the role of affects and emotions in interviewees’ narratives, provides insight into the types of experiences/incidents for which the modes were used and highlights differences between the three groups of respondents. KW - qualitative interviews KW - racism KW - discrimination KW - second generation KW - affects Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-18508 VL - 50 IS - 12 SP - 2783 EP - 2802 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rajal, Elke T1 - Countering antisemitism through Holocaust education : a comparative perspective on Scotland and Austria JF - Educational review (Online ISSN: 1465-3397) N2 - There is an emerging debate in the field as to whether or not Holocaust education is effective in combating antisemitism. This paper aims to provide explanations for the frequently observed ineffectiveness of Holocaust education in reducing antisemitism by examining two cases that are in many ways diametrically opposed: Scotland as a former part of the Allied Forces and Austria as a post-Nazi state. The case studies focus on overlapping, contrasting and conflicting understandings of Holocaust education and the role of antisemitism within it. The perspective is primarily sociological, inspired by Critical Theory. Evidence is based on research papers and basic documents from the field of Holocaust education (curricula, websites of key actors and educational materials). It is interpreted according to the principles of qualitative content analysis. Findings suggest that in both cases opportunities to address and reduce antisemitism are being missed: In the Scottish case, the teaching of the Holocaust tends to downplay the specific Jewish experience and largely fails to address antisemitism, or does so in a very simplistic way. In the Austrian case, antisemitism is talked about, but in the context of widespread secondary antisemitism it risks being explained and understood in ways that are themselves antisemitic. KW - holocaust education KW - antisemitism KW - Jews KW - case studies KW - programme effectiveness KW - Critical Theory Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-18514 VL - 77 IS - 5 SP - 1480 EP - 1499 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Otto, Alena A1 - Golden, Bruce A1 - Lorenz, Catherine A1 - Luo, Yuchen A1 - Pesch, Erwin A1 - Rocha, Luis T1 - On delivery policies for a truck-and-drone tandem in disaster relief JF - IISE Transactions (Online ISSN: 2472-5862) N2 - This article introduces the traveling salesman problem with a truck and a drone under incomplete information (TSP-DI). TSP-DI is motivated by the deliveries of emergency supplies under unknown road conditions in the immediate aftermath of a disastrous event. The urgency may force the immediate dispatch of relief vehicles, such that road damages blocking the truck’s planned route are detected “on-the-fly”. The relief transport must schedule deliveries anticipating possible unplanned truck detours, enforce (planned) drone detours for early checking of key road segments, and consider the dynamic nature of road condition information. In this investigation, we perform a competitive analysis of a widely used delivery policy for TSP-DI in practice – the online re-optimization policy (Reopt) – and compare it with several alternative delivery strategies. Competitive analysis examines the worst-case performance of the strategies and is particularly important in the context of disaster relief, where worst-case outcomes must be avoided. Our analysis shows that Reopt is dominated by alternative delivery policies in terms of the competitive ratio even at a medium level of damage on the road. It also underscores the importance of surveillance detours performed by the drone, even if the surveillance delays the start of the deliveries. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-18555 VL - 57 IS - 10 SP - 1198 EP - 1214 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Creak, Simon A1 - Trotier, Friederike T1 - Sport, diplomacy, and regionalism in Southeast Asia : the Southeast Asian (SEA) Games and ASEAN JF - Sport in Society : Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics (Online ISSN: 1743-0445) N2 - The biennial Southeast Asian or SEA Games, a regional sport mega-event modeled on the Olympic and Asian Games, were established by Thailand in 1959, and since then have been conducted 32 times across 10 of the region’s 11 countries. This article examines how this understudied event has operated as a forum for diplomatic representation, negotiation and communication in Southeast Asia. We make three key arguments: (1) the SEA Games have provided member countries with a means to signal national progress and membership of the regional community, as well as to define and delineate this region; (2) the SEA Games have evolved parallel to the region’s political grouping, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), but with important differences as well as similarities; and (3) the regional perspective of the SEA Games offers insights that blur the distinction in recent scholarship between traditional ‘sports diplomacy’ (foregrounding the state) and ‘international-sport-as-diplomacy’ (foregrounding non-state actors). Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-18520 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bueno, Arthur T1 - The end (and persistence) of subjectivity : Lukács with Adorno, Adorno with Lukács JF - Distinktion : Journal of Social Theory (Online ISSN: 2159-9149) N2 - This paper revisits Lukács’s and Adorno’s analyses of reification to articulate a diagnosis that accounts both for its tendencies towards authoritarianism and its emancipatory potentials. Despite their divergences, Lukács’s conception of the proletariat as ‘identical subject-object of history’ and Adorno’s diagnosis of ‘the end of psychology’ in the authoritarian masses seem to converge on a similar outcome. Through opposite paths, they both culminate in the elimination of the subject-object distinction, leading the critique of reification to a political impasse. However, this alternative is rooted in partial interpretations of Lukács’s and Adorno’s arguments. As I contend, one can reconstruct Lukács’s analysis in a way that portrays emancipatory subjectivity not as hostile to otherness but as driven by the material limits of reification, or what Adorno termed the non-identical. Correspondingly, in light of Lukács, Adorno’s diagnosis can be read in a way that the end of psychology, far from negating the possibility of emancipation, serves as its driving force. KW - Reification KW - emancipation KW - authoritarianism KW - psychoanalysis KW - fetishism KW - nature Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-18548 VL - 25 IS - 3 SP - 435 EP - 454 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kling, Julia A1 - Töpfl, Florian A1 - Jürgens, Pascal T1 - Entertainment interspersed with propaganda : how non-legacy-news accounts deliver explicitly political content to mass audiences on Russia’s most popular social network VK JF - Information, Communication & Society (Online ISSN: 1468-4462) N2 - Previous research on political communication on Russia's most popular social network VK has concluded that most users avoid news by not following legacy-news accounts. In this study, we expand the universe of scrutinized accounts with the most-followed non-legacy-news accounts (>100,000 followers) that regularly publish what we theorize to be ‘explicitly political content’ (EPC; N = 355). We delineate a typology of six types of EPC accounts, calculate their aggregate follower counts, and determine how many of them were still (1) accessible from Russia and (2) publishing Kremlin-critical content in October 2022. Our findings indicate that non-critical accounts attracted 26 times more followers than Kremlin-critical accounts. Entertainment-focused EPC accounts had seven times more followers than legacy-news accounts. As a result, they became the primary means through which non-critical EPC reached news-avoidant mass audiences. We identify three dimensions through which autocrats can interweave propaganda and entertainment and highlight promising research paths. KW - social networking sites KW - Vkontakte KW - Russia KW - political communication KW - news avoidance Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-18562 VL - 28 IS - 7 SP - 1252 EP - 1269 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hamann-Rose, Paul T1 - Mediating authorship : wordsworth, copyright and media history JF - European Romantic Review (Online ISSN: 1740-4657) N2 - This essay presents William Wordsworth’s advocacy for the reform of copyright laws as an event in Romantic media history. Previous scholars have discussed the poet’s engagement with Thomas Noon Talfourd’s petition in the 1830s as indicative of the period’s larger negotiation of the economic and cultural values of literary art. This essay argues that beyond issues of economic and aesthetic recognition, Wordsworth is aware of the significance of copyright as a central means of shaping the author’s communication with his readers. Within the proliferating mediascape in print in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Wordsworth draws on the agency afforded by copyright to intervene in the process of mediation. Proposing mediation as an important new analytical approach to the discourses and practices of Romantic authorship, this essay outlines Wordsworth’s efforts toward controlling the codes and channels of communication as crucial concerns in the period’s evolving print culture. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-18537 VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 383 EP - 398 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grosskopf, Sina A1 - Barmeyer, Christoph A1 - Landes, Andreas T1 - Organizational integration of highly skilled migrants? Social worlds as multiple cultures dismantling conventional framings JF - Journal of Industrial and Business Economics N2 - This paper examines the integration of highly skilled migrants into organizations. Whereas prior research has mainly focused on macro-economic and macro-political analysis, little is known about the dynamic process of organizational level integration. Applying Strauss’ theory of social worlds and the concept of multiple cultures, we dismantle the boundaries of an organization describing the integration processes of migrants from the perspective of different social worlds that intersect an organization. We use social worlds which form around a core activity or context of action to describe different levels of cultures within an organization. Via multifaceted identification with these multiple cultures, we suggest that person–organization interaction and mutual intercultural learning processes with colleagues result in organizations conveying values, norms, behavior, language and social contacts that prove valuable and integrative, especially to newcomers. Based on three qualitative case studies in German SMEs, migrants’ experiences during the integration process show the central role organizations play inhibiting previously overlooked multi-cultural social worlds which lead not only to their organizational integration, but to societal integration as well. Organizations thus contribute to different forms of integration. Consequently, this paper extends traditional integration perspectives at the national or transnational level of analysis by differentiating into multiple cultures that provide integrative knowledge both internally and beyond the organization. In particular, interaction with colleagues as socialization agents leads to integration. Theory and practice should draw conclusions from this to consider integration as a multilayered opportunity. KW - Highly skilled migrant KW - (Cultural) integration KW - Intercultural learning KW - Multiple cultures KW - Organizational socialization KW - Social worlds Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2404230751262.890082163248 SN - 0391-2078 SN - 1972-4977 VL - 51 IS - 3 SP - 691 EP - 724 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER -