TY - THES A1 - Weishäupl, Andreas T1 - Zur Bedeutung der maximalen Laktatbildungsrate in Diagnostik und Training am Beispiel Skilanglauf und Radsport T1 - The relevance of the maximal lactate accumulation rate in diagnostics and training: The example of cross-country skiing and cycling N2 - Die Arbeit beleuchtet die Bedeutung der maximalen Laktatbildungsrate (V̇Lamax) für die Leistungsdiagnostik und die Trainingspraxis. Für die Sportart Skilanglauf wurde ein neuer Sprinttest zur Bestimmung der V̇Lamax am Skiergometer entwickelt, der sich als reliabel und valide erwiesen hat. Dabei wurden verschiedene Ansätze zur Bestimmung der alaktaziden Zeit genauer betrachtet. Außerdem wurde der Sprinttest am Skiergometer mit dem etablierten Sprinttest am Radergometer verglichen, wobei festgestellt werden konnte, dass die V̇Lamax sportart- und extremitätsspezifisch getestet werden sollte. Zudem wurde die Auswirkung von Intervalltraining unterschiedlicher Intensität im Radsport untersucht. Hochintensives Ausdauertraining scheint dabei die V̇Lamax zu steigern, wohingegen submaximales Sweetspot-Training die V̇Lamax zu senken scheint. KW - Maximale Laktatbildungsrate KW - maximal lactate accumulation rate KW - Intervalltraining KW - cross-country skiing KW - cycling KW - Leistungsdiagnostik KW - Training KW - Lactate KW - Skilanglauf KW - Radsport Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15801 ER - TY - THES A1 - Patil, Amit Dilip T1 - Towards Resilient Protection of Interconnected ICT and Power Systems N2 - Due to the increasing number of distributed renewable energy sources, the distribution grid faces new operational challenges. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems can resolve these challenges through grid services that use automation, monitoring, and real-time decision-making, helping maintain an acceptable operational state of the distribution grid. However, the reliance of the power system on the ICT system and vice versa in the so-called smart grid creates interdependencies between the systems, which present new pathways for failure propagation. Therefore, these interdependencies require special attention to ensure stable system operation in the face of these challenges. However, these interdependencies have not been studied extensively in the literature. This thesis investigates approaches to model, quantify and improve the performance and resilience of the smart grid infrastructure. The interdependencies are formalised as interconnectors, entities that exist in all the connected systems. These interconnectors consist of components from both systems, where the components are modelled as state variables. These state variables determine the interconnector state and the service delivered. Failures represented by a change in state variables may impact the state. These state variables are deployed in a discrete event simulation framework to determine the system performance over time. The simulation result is represented on a two-dimensional state-space diagram depicting the operational state and service delivered. This allows for the resilience analysis of a system under various scenarios. The interdependencies are further investigated by exploring the role of ICT-based grid services in power grids, whose state is defined based on ICT properties, such as latency. These properties are formalised using property graphs. The ICT properties obtained from these graphs are used to parameterise a finite state automaton model of a grid service states, which are then used to determine the state of the entire smart grid. Case studies of state estimation and adaptive protection highlight the application of this approach. The use of ICT in state estimation allows the distinction of a global and perceived view of the power grid, which influences decision-making in the face of challenges. This thesis further investigates the protection system in detail. The overcurrent protection system is adversely impacted by distributed generation, resulting in undesired phenomena such as protection blinding. This thesis characterises this phenomenon by proposing two indices that capture the protection trip time under the influence of distributed generation. These indices consider the electrical distance between faults, protection and distributed generation. These indices and simulation results identify the worst-impacted locations in the power grid in terms of protection trip time. They also identify fault locations under given assumptions that do not cause protection blinding. ICT can resolve protection blinding by adapting the sensitivity of protection relays. However, since faults must be cleared in a short timeframe, communication delays may adversely impact the fault-clearing time. A discrete event simulation model is proposed to study protection performance in distribution grids. Investigation of time distribution assumptions reveals that the lognormal distribution accurately captures the circuit breaker trip time. The impact of the distributed generation and communication delay on the protection system is determined by measuring fault-clearing times using discrete event simulation. Results show that for the system studied, protection blinding is critical for low impedance faults in grids with high fault levels, while high impedance faults are critical in grids with low fault levels. Moreover, sympathetic tripping is seen at increased distribution grid fault levels and fault impedance. Furthermore, while communication systems reduce fault clearing times, increased delays harm protection systems. Finally, communication system components like sensors can fail, preventing fault detection. This thesis proposes a genetic algorithm-based approach to optimally place redundant sensors, minimising protection blinding under communication uncertainty within a redundancy budget. Results demonstrate the algorithm's effectiveness in optimising redundant sensor locations, reducing system costs, and improving fault tolerance. For the system and scenarios investigated, an average of 60% redundant sensors are relocated, reducing the average protection trip time by 36.65% compared to a baseline approach that does not consider communication uncertainty. This encourages incorporating communication component failure considerations in power system planning. KW - information and communication technology KW - smart grid KW - discrete event simulation KW - property graphs KW - protection blinding KW - genetic algorithm Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16088 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritz, Manuela T1 - Temperature and non‐communicable diseases: Evidence from Indonesia's primary health care system JF - Health Economics N2 - Climate change induced rising temperatures will pose a detrimental threat to decent health in the coming decades. Especially at risk are individuals with chronic diseases, since heat can exacerbate a variety of health conditions. In this article, I examine the heat‐morbidity relationship in the context of Indonesia, focusing on chronic, non‐communicable diseases, namely diabetes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Using a novel dataset from the Indonesian national health insurance scheme Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional/Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) and linking it with meteorological data on the daily‐district level, I estimate the causal effect of high temperatures on the daily number of primary health care visits. The results show that on a hot day all‐cause visits and visits with a diagnosis of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases increase by 8%, 25% and 14%, respectively. These increases are permanent and not offset by visit displacement or ‘harvesting’. Visits related to respiratory diseases seem not to be affected by high temperatures. I use several climate change scenarios to predict the increase in visits and costs by the end of the century, which all forecast a substantial financial burden for the health care system. These results might have relevance for other middle‐income countries with similar climatic conditions. KW - climate change KW - health KW - Indonesia KW - JKN/BPJS kesehatan KW - non‐communicable diseases KW - temperature Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11429 VL - 31 IS - 11 SP - 2445 EP - 2464 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kott, Annette A1 - Schuster, Jennifer A1 - Groß, Rainer A1 - Bauer, Christoph T1 - Maßnahmenkatalog Green IT an bayerischen Hochschulen N2 - "Der vorliegende Maßnahmenkatalog bietet abgestimmte Empfehlungen, um Nachhaltigkeit für bayerische Hochschulen im Bereich Green IT zu fördern. Ziel ist es, energieeffizientes Verhalten zu unterstützen und die IT-Landschaft nachhaltiger zu gestalten. Die Maßnahmen zielen nicht nur auf die Förderung eines verantwortungsvollen Handelns ab, sondern bieten auch das Potenzial, langfristig Kosteneinsparungen durch einen energieeffizienten Betrieb zu erzielen. Gleichzeitig wird nachhaltiges Handeln durch gesetzliche Vorgaben wie dem Energieeffizienzgesetz zunehmend verbindlicher, da auch Hochschulen diesen Anforderungen unterliegen. Der Maßnahmenkatalog unterstützt dabei, diese regulatorischen Anforderungen zu erfüllen und gleichzeitig einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Ressourcenschonung sowie zur Reduzierung von Treibhausgasemissionen zu leisten." (Zielsetzung, Seite III) KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Informationstechnologie KW - Hochschul-IT Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15327 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fekih Hassen, Wiem A1 - Challouf, Maher T1 - Long short-term renewable energy sources prediction for grid-management systems based on stacking ensemble model JF - Energies N2 - The transition towards sustainable energy systems necessitates effective management of renewable energy sources alongside conventional grid infrastructure. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to optimizing grid management by integrating Photovoltaic (PV), wind, and grid energies to minimize costs and enhance sustainability. A key focus lies in developing an accurate scheduling algorithm utilizing Mixed Integer Programming (MIP), enabling dynamic allocation of energy resources to meet demand while minimizing reliance on cost-intensive grid energy. An ensemble learning technique, specifically a stacking algorithm, is employed to construct a robust forecasting pipeline for PV and wind energy generation. The forecasting model achieves remarkable accuracy with a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of less than 0.1 for short-term (15 min and one day ahead) and long-term (one week and one month ahead) predictions. By combining optimization and forecasting methodologies, this research contributes to advancing grid management systems capable of harnessing renewable energy sources efficiently, thus facilitating cost savings and fostering sustainability in the energy sector. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14649 VL - 2024 IS - 17(13) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard A1 - Zink, Roland T1 - Sustainable Development Goals und ihre Orientierungsfunktion für angewandte Wissenschaften T1 - Sustainable Development Goals and their guidance function for applied sciences JF - Bavarian Journal of Applied Science N2 - Editorial des Bavarian Journal of Applied Science 5 KW - Sustainable development goals KW - nachhaltige Entwicklung Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14372 VL - 2019 IS - 5 SP - 406 EP - 411 CY - Deggendorf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard T1 - Sven Ove Hansson (Hrsg.), The Ethics of Technology. Methods and Approaches JF - TATuP – Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis 28/3 N2 - Rezension zu Hansson (Hg.): The ethics of technology : methods and approaches, erschienen 2017 bei Rowman & Littlefield (978-1-78348-658-8) KW - Technologie KW - Technologieentwicklung KW - Technikethik KW - Ethik Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14436 N1 - Zuerst erschienen in https://www.tatup.de/ : https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.28.3.73 VL - 28 (2019) IS - 3 SP - 73 EP - 74 PB - Oekom Verlag ER - TY - THES A1 - Kravets-Meinke, Daria T1 - Search Engines and Foreign Influence: How Google and Yandex Mediate Russia’s Propaganda Abroad N2 - This cumulative dissertation examined how the US-based Google and Russia-based Yandex mediate the propaganda efforts of Russia’s ruling elites abroad on a case study of Belarus. The findings presented here contribute to a nuanced understanding of how algorithmic gatekeepers, particularly search engines, can be strategically appropriated or manipulated to reinforce and export state narratives beyond national borders. The main conclusion of this dissertation is that both Yandex and Google, albeit through different mechanisms and to varying extents, can serve as mediators of Russia’s propaganda efforts abroad. KW - search engines KW - Russia KW - propaganda Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15953 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blanc, Julia A1 - Annekatrin, Meißner T1 - Towards a holistic approach to sustainable development : inner development as a missing link for sustainability transformation JF - Religions (Special issue "Sustainable development : the normative contribution of theology") N2 - The discourse on understanding and implementing sustainable development has so far focused primarily on the external aspects, neglecting the internal dimension of people. The main purpose of our paper is to contribute to addressing this research gap. Therefore, we intend to (1) substantiate existing aspects of the Inner Development Goals (IDGs), (2) complement them, and (3) link the concept of the IDGs to normative discourses in Christian Social Ethics and Social Philosophy. Our results show that the dimensions of Being, Relating, and Collaborating in the IDG Framework can be substantiated by the normative discourse on spirituality and by reference to the social principle of personality in Christian Social Ethics, as well as by the Indian Social Philosophical Perspective of Vimala Thakar which focuses on a value-based approach. This paper suggests that the concept of the IDGs will be strengthened by adding the dimension of Caring—understood as the concern and responsibility for the wholeness in the combining of the inner and outer dimensions. By linking the concept of the Inner Development Goals to the existing normative discourses in Christian Social Ethics and Social Philosophy, our research contributes to making the concept connectable and deepens the discussions on a practical and theoretical level. KW - holistic sustainable development KW - change of consciousness KW - being KW - caring KW - christian social ethics KW - social philosophy Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15816 VL - 2025 IS - 16(1) PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritz, Manuela A1 - Grimm, Michael A1 - Weber, Ingmar A1 - Yom-Tov, Elad A1 - Praditya, Benedictus T1 - Can social media encourage diabetes self-screenings? A randomized controlled trial with Indonesian Facebook users JF - npj | Digital medicine N2 - Nudging individuals without obvious symptoms of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) to undergo a health screening remains a challenge, especially in middle-income countries, where NCD awareness is low but the incidence is high. We assess whether an awareness campaign implemented on Facebook can encourage individuals in Indonesia to undergo an online diabetes self-screening. We use Facebook’s advertisement function to randomly distribute graphical ads related to the risk and consequences of diabetes. Depending on their risk score, participants receive a recommendation to undergo a professional screening. We were able to reach almost 300,000 individuals in only three weeks. More than 1400 individuals completed the screening, inducing costs of about US$0.75 per person. The two ads labeled “diabetes consequences” and “shock” outperform all other ads. A follow-up survey shows that many high-risk respondents have scheduled a professional screening. A cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that our campaign can diagnose an additional person with diabetes for about US$9. KW - Health care economics KW - Population screening KW - Risk factors Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15157 VL - 2024 IS - 7 PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hidalgo, Oliver Fernando T1 - The antinomian framework of Western and non-Western democracies — from theory to application JF - Frontiers in Political Science N2 - This article argues in favour of broadening the classical paradigm of democracy that historically emerged in the West. Without disregarding the undiminished significance of the idea of liberal democracy and its deep commitment to universal human rights, the necessity of a new accentuation of the concept of democracy is accepted in view of the observable democratic processes in non-Western societies. This should help to avoid both the blind spots of Eurocentrism and the misperception of countries as democracies that are merely masking their authoritarian or despotic character. The result is a theory of popular sovereignty that seeks to grasp and combine Western and non-Western conceptions of democracy in a balanced way and is based on a genealogical and comparative perspective of the history of political ideas in the global North and South. In a second step, the theory is then tested using a few selected examples (Confucian democracy, Islamic democracy, African democracy). KW - democracy KW - non-western history of political thought KW - confucianism KW - Muslim world KW - Africa Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15821 VL - 2024 IS - 6 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne ER - TY - INPR A1 - Compaore, Georges A1 - Dabire, Bonayi Hubert A1 - Sangli, Gabriel A1 - Azianu, Komi Ameko A1 - Minoungou, Abdoul Kader A1 - Zoma, Vincent T1 - Analysis of the practices, structures and processes of translocal mobility systems in Burkina Faso BT - key findings from the MiTra|WA survey N2 - This report presents the results of the project “Migration and Translocality in West Africa (MiTra|WA)” with reference to translocal practices in Burkina Faso. Funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, the study ran from 2022 to 2024. The general objective of the project is to analyse the multiple links between the rural areas of departure and urban reception of migrants as well as the impacts on the development of these localities. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative research methods. The quantitative component consisted of two types of surveys. First, a household survey in the migrants' area of origin (AoO) to identify the migrants’ belonging to these households. In the second phase, a telephone survey was conducted among migrants in the destination areas (AoD). Then, the focus was on socio-economic data as well as translocal interactions and network relationships. The qualitative component consisted of in-depth interviews with key actors in the different areas of departure and destination of migrants. These include migrants, local administrative officials, leaders of NGOs, associations, community and religious leaders. The results show that migration is a phenomenon experienced by many households in rural areas. There are as many internal migrants as there are international migrants. Of the 537 households surveyed, 405 (75.4%) have at least one migrant. The age structure of migrants shows a predominantly young structure of migrants (82% who are under 40 years old). According to gender, migration is strongly male-dominated (82%). Men are more inclined to international migration (56%). Female migration is precocious. A large proportion of migrants (41%) have no level of education and are mostly single (50%). Translocality, conceptualized in this study as the multifaceted links between the places of departure, transit and residence of migrants, is apprehended through telephone contacts between migrants and their place of origin, in addition to the different forms of mobility: mobility of people, financial resources (remittances), material resources (transfers in kind), intangible resources (ideas, practices, etc.). Exchanges are often bidirectional. Telephone contacts represent 86% of migrants. Migrants visit the household in the area of origin more frequently (41.8%) than they receive household members at their destination (33.9%). More than 66.6% of migrants transfer remittances to their households in rural areas. With regard to the 4-level translocality intensity indicator (Wehner 2022), it can be concluded that over 50% of migrants are located at the two highest levels. Hence, translocality is an important feature of rural-urban migration in Burkina Faso. T3 - Migration, translocality and development in times of climate change. Mitra|WA Working Paper Series - 6 KW - migration KW - translocality KW - translocal practices KW - Burkina Faso Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15862 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thir, Veronika T1 - Co-text, context, and listening proficiency as crucial variables in intelligibility among nonnative users of English JF - Studies in Second Language Acquisition N2 - Research on intelligibility in international encounters has long focused on issues of pronunciation to the detriment of factors such as linguistic co-text and extralinguistic context, which are comparatively well-studied variables in intelligibility research concerning L1 listeners. This paper seeks to expand the scope of international intelligibility research in this respect by reporting on a large-scale study involving 423 nonnative listeners at different proficiency levels, who transcribed words spoken with another nonnative accent under four conditions that varied in the availability of syntactic, semantic, and schematic cues. The results suggest that co-text and context as well as listening proficiency are crucial variables that ought to receive greater attention in research on international intelligibility. The pedagogical implications of these findings are addressed as well. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16374 VL - 45 IS - 5 SP - 1210 EP - 1231 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jäckel, Franziska A1 - Haberger, Mathias T1 - The stone-made myth of return : translocality and housing in Amedzofe, Ghana N2 - This paper delves into how migration and the resulting emergence of translocal networks, shaped by migrants' spatial and social trajectories, influence housing investment decisions in the area of origin. During our field stay in Amedzofe, a settlement in south-eastern Ghana, we gathered qualitative data in a transect walk with a local key informant and, building upon this, ten semi-structured interviews, alongside quantitative data collected through a questionnaire involving 94 households as part of the broader data collection within the MiTra|WA research project. By applying a simple propensity score matching approach, the study demonstrates that households with at least one migrant are 18 percentage points more likely to invest in housing for Amedzofe family members than non-migrant housholds. Notably, investments in aesthetically appealing housing are particularly significant. Our qualitative findings substantiate these observations, highlighting a strong inclination to showcase translocal interconnectedness and a lasting sense of belonging to Amedzofe. Housing investments also encapsulate the ingrained notion of migrants' eventual return to Amedzofe, especially for retirement, namely the "stone-made myth of return." Our study emphasizes the need for expanded research focus on translocal networks and the symbolic importance of housing in the Ghanaian context. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for addressing the implications of growing demands for living space, which may impact land distribution and require further investigation. T3 - Migration, translocality and development in times of climate change. Mitra|WA Working Paper Series - 4 KW - migration KW - translocal network KW - housing investment Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15301 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaiser, Tobias T1 - Growth of log-analytic functions JF - Archiv der Mathematik N2 - We show that unary log-analytic functions are polynomially bounded. In the higher dimensional case, globally a log-analytic function can have exponential growth. We show that a log-analytic function is polynomially bounded on a definable set which contains the germ of every ray at infinity. KW - Log-analytic functions KW - Polynomially bounded KW - Exponential growth Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023091614564557203657 VL - 120 IS - 6 SP - 605 EP - 614 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard A1 - Pawlik, Michael T1 - In dubio pro vita – oder doch nicht? Antwort auf den Leserbrief von Dr. Peter Plenk T2 - Bayerisches Ärzteblatt 3/2014 N2 - Antwort der Autoren auf einen Leserbrief zum Artikel "In dubio pro vita - oder doch nicht?" im Bayerischen Ärzteblatt (2013) 12. KW - Patienten KW - Therapie KW - Therapieabbruch KW - ethische Rechtvertigung Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14449 VL - 2014 IS - 3 SP - 126 EP - 126 PB - Bayerische Landesärztekammer CY - München ER - TY - THES A1 - Wu, Zhijun T1 - Das Sprachsystem der Naxi T1 - The System Of The Naxi Language N2 - Die Naxi verwenden eine Sprache, in der Segmente und Suprasegmente in komplexer Weise in Wörtern zum Ausdruck kommen. Im Satz wird die Grammatik grundsätzlich in analytischer Weise durch Partikeln strukturiert. Die Naxi verwenden einzigartige Zeichen, die entweder stilisierte Umrisse von der Natur (die Domba-Zeichen) oder hoch abstrakt (die Geba-Zeichen) sind, um Gegenstände bzw. Ausprachen zu symbolisieren. KW - Sprachsystem KW - Schriftsystem KW - Bilderschrift KW - Language System KW - Writing System KW - Ideograph Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-6510 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Felfeli, Anna A1 - Stahl, Bernhard T1 - Mutual desecuritization as a model of détente? Foreign policy change in the US-Cuban dyad JF - Zeitschrift für Friedens- und Konfliktforschung N2 - In foreign policy dyads characterized by enmity, mutual desecuritization can serve as a crucial asset for détente. But how does “the way out of the emergency mode” function, considering mutual securitizations over decades? Embarking from theoretical insights provided by second generation scholars on securitization and desecuritization studies, the authors generate a theory-based model of détente for dyads. This analytical tool contributes to the study of the dissolution of historically grown, mutual (re-)securitization processes in interstate relations. By clarifying the impact and functioning of the four desecuritizing modes (replacement, silencing, change through stabilization, and rearticulation), our model allows us to trace dynamics of change and assess the sustainability of détente. Especially mutual desecuritization as rearticulation has the potential to substantially change the self-other relation with effects on the social structure of a foreign policy dyad. The heuristic case study of US-Cuban relations serves as a prime example of a complex dyad of enmity which became a subject of change due to the Obama–Castro diplomacy in 2014. The study on US-Cuban foreign policy issues before and after 2014 helps to sharpen our understanding of dynamic securitization and desecuritization processes. The overall analysis demonstrates that the modes of desecuritization during the Obama–Castro diplomacy lifted the process of détente to a new and unprecedented level. KW - Securitization theory KW - Modes of desecuritization KW - Overcoming enmity KW - Rearticulation KW - Change through stabilization Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023110610482836615655 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 59 EP - 86 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klumpp, Lorenz T1 - Exploring the distinction between populism through and by the media from a visual perspective: representations of German politicians on magazine covers of Der Spiegel and Compact JF - Visual Communication N2 - By drawing on a communication-based approach to populism, this article argues that populism research should put more emphasis on the performative and stylistic dimension of the phenomenon, including its visual elements, in different media formats. The study theoretically refers to the distinction of populism through and by the media, which has been discussed to a great extent in populist political communication research. Empirically, the author focuses on visual representations of politicians on the covers of the German news weekly Der Spiegel as well as those of Compact – a far-right alternative magazine. The article argues that political magazines contribute to how the political is imagined, particularly by the visual messages they convey via their front pages. An image type analysis of both magazines’ covers between 2010 and 2020 is conducted (N = 103) in order to explore patterns in the visual representations of German politicians disseminated by the magazines. On the one hand, the comparison of a mainstream and far-right alternative medium enriches the theoretical debate of how populism is strengthened by opportunity structures through the media. On the other hand, the issue of how populism is actively promoted by the media is addressed. KW - alternative media KW - iconographic-iconological analysis KW - image type analysis KW - magazine covers KW - mainstream media KW - media populism KW - populism Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16450 VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 148 EP - 177 PB - Sage CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adiatu, Afeez T1 - Energizing the inter-regional cooperation and energy governance : an exploration of the Africa-EU energy partnership JF - Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (ISSN: 1848-9257, DOI: 10.13044/j.sdewes) N2 - The emergence of change in the global energy governance structure is precipitated by the shift in global energy technology. The shift from carbon-intense energy to cleaner sources surpasses technological discontinuation. The inter-regional, regional, and sub-regional grouping emerged in global energy governance to support governance capabilities across countries. This research seeks to investigate the inter-regional partnership between Africa and the European Union initiated to facilitate energy decision-making. This study adopts thematic analysis to explore literature and reports on the Africa-EU partnership to understand its impact on the future of the African energy sector. This research argues using a neo-liberal lens that the limited state capacity in energy governance may necessitate inter-regional partnerships to aid energy sector development in Africa. The study concludes that considering Africa's potential in renewable energy sources such as solar irradiation and the limited energy access in the Sub-Saharan region, intervention of external capabilities through technological and financial aids may stimulate the utilization of such potential. KW - global energy governance KW - renewable energy KW - energy transition KW - regionalism KW - global governance Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15782 VL - 2024 IS - 12(4) PB - SDEWES Centre CY - Zagreb ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ungruhe, Christian T1 - Fußballmigration aus Afrika T2 - Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung: Dossier Migration und Sport N2 - Viele afrikanische Fußballerinnen und Fußballer hoffen auf eine Karriere in Ligen auf anderen Kontinenten. Wie hat sich Fußballmigration aus Afrika entwickelt? Mit welchen Risiken ist sie verbunden? KW - Migration KW - Fußball KW - Afrika Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14836 N1 - Zuerst erschienen bei der Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung im Dossier "Migration und Sport" unter https://www.bpb.de/themen/migration-integration/kurzdossiers/549279/fussballmigration-aus-afrika/ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ungruhe, Christian T1 - Football Migration from Africa T2 - Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung: Policy Briefs N2 - Many male and female African footballers strive for a career in leagues on other continents. How has African football migration developed over time? Where do players move? Which risks do they face? KW - Football KW - Migration KW - Africa Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14849 N1 - First published by Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (Bonn) as a Policy Brief under https://www.bpb.de/themen/migration-integration/kurzdossiers/549281/football-migration-from-africa/ ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Bienemann, Linda T1 - Reformbedarf des Kunsturhebergesetzes im digitalen Zeitalter BT - Eine rechtsdogmatische Untersuchung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Einflüsse von DSGVO und InfoSoc-RL N2 - Hat die Digitalisierung, die Recht und Technik gleichermaßen verändert, einen Reformbedarf des Kunsturhebergesetzes ausgelöst? Diese Frage untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit und legt dabei die folgenden drei Thesen zugrunde: Erstens ist das Kunsturhebergesetz trotz Kollision mit der Datenschutzgrundverordnung vollumfänglich aufrechtzuerhalten und als speziellere Vorschrift vorrangig vor der Datenschutzgrundverordnung anzuwenden. Zweitens ist das Kunsturhebergesetz autonom und somit losgelöst von dem in weiten Teilen harmonisierten Urheberrechtsgesetz auszulegen und weiterzuentwickeln. Das Kunsturhebergesetz weist drittens in mehreren Punkten einen digitalen bzw. internetspezifischen Nachbesserungsbedarf auf. KW - Deutschland KW - Urheberrechtsgesetz KW - Reform Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2021022001414201037742 SN - 978-3-7489-2342-8 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - THES A1 - Wild, Matthias T1 - A statistical perspective on machine learning: three essays on improvement, application and interpretation of predictive algorithms N2 - In this thesis we address a series of topics at the interface between statistics and machine learning. This includes the improvement of predictive algorithms using statistical concepts, potential and challenges in the application of predictive algorithms in areas traditionally covered by statistical theory, and the interpretation of black-box algorithms by means of statistical hypothesis testing. KW - machine learning KW - hypothesis test KW - statistical learning KW - boosting KW - random forest Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15311 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nahr, Nora A1 - Heikkilä, Marikka T1 - Uncovering the identity of Electronic Markets research through text mining techniques JF - Electronic Markets N2 - As an established academic journal in the e-commerce and digital platforms fields, Electronic Markets (EM) features a diverse range of topics and occupies a significant role in the information systems field. The study investigates EM’s topic diversity over the time period 2009–2020 using a text mining analysis and a bibliometric analysis and identifies 28 cluster groups.The analysis reveals that the top three topics are 1) service quality, 2) blockchain and other shared trust building solutions,their impact and credibility, as well as 3) consumer buying behavior and interactions. EM's core identity lies in a balanced set of core themes that bring technological, business or human/ social perspectives to the research of networked business and digital economy. This includes research on digital and smart services, applications, consumer behavior and business models,as well as technology and e-commerce data. Ethical and sustainability related topics are however still less present in EM. KW - Core identity KW - Text mining analysis KW - Cluster analysis KW - Unsupervised machine learning KW - Bibliometric analysis Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022083023490559933318 VL - 2022 IS - 32 SP - 1257 EP - 1277 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von Ditfurth, Lukas A1 - Lienemann, Gregor T1 - The Data Governance Act: – Promoting or Restricting Data Intermediaries? JF - Competition and Regulation in Network Industries N2 - Following its approval by the European Parliament in April 2022, the Data Governance Act (DGA) is the first legislative instrument announced in the European Data Strategy to come into force. Aimed at facilitating the re-use and sharing of data in and between the private and public sectors, the DGA introduces regulation for a newly emerging type of digital platforms – the so-called “providers of data intermediation services”. In order to offer their services on the market, providers will have to submit to a prior notification procedure and show compliance with several conditions placed on their economic activities. The regulation of data intermediaries is intended to increase their trustworthiness and ensure the competitiveness of the markets in which they operate. Recent experiences with digital platforms have shown the potential of intermediaries to organise and facilitate markets. At the same time, digital platforms pose undeniable risks to their users and markets at large. Against this backdrop, the role of data intermediaries as envisioned by the DGA must be examined carefully before turning to the question whether the DGA can achieve competitive and trustworthy data sharing through registered third parties. This paper intends to shed light on these and other issues by examining, in-depth, the chapter in the DGA dedicated to data intermediaries (Art. 10–15) from a legal, policy and competition economics perspective. In particular, this paper explores how the experiences made with large-scale digital platforms have shaped the DGA. Thereby, this paper aims to contribute towards a holistic understanding of these provisions as a basis for an informed discussion on the legal framework and on possible alternatives. KW - Data Governance Act KW - Data Intermediaries KW - Data Law Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11483 SN - 1783-5917 SN - 2399-2956 VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 270 EP - 295 PB - SAGE Publications CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knott, Manuel A1 - Strich, Franz A1 - Strunk, Kim Simon A1 - Mayer, Anne-Sophie T1 - Uncovering potential barriers of using initial coin offerings to finance artistic projects JF - Journal of Cultural Economics N2 - Artists make vital contributions to our society and lay the foundations for billion-dollar industries. However, these artists consistently struggle to acquire sufficientfunding for their projects and their livelihood. New technology-supported possibili-ties for funding artists and their projects have emerged in recent years. Initial CoinOffering (ICO) is a novel form of reward-based tokenized crowdfunding. AlthoughICOs are promising as a way to fund artistic projects, they lack widespread adoptionin the creative and cultural industry (CCI). Based on 35 qualitative in-depth inter-views, we identify four barriers that hinder the funding of artistic projects throughICOs: legal shortcomings, investment restrictions, lack of consumer interest, andintermediaries’ resistance. Our research contributes to cultural finance and fundingliterature by disclosing barriers that impede a promising form of financing artisticprojects. Further, we outline possible solutions to overcome them. We also con-tribute to the research about ICOs by showing that rather than reducing investmentrisks, these offerings merely shift them. KW - initial coin offerings KW - blockchain technology KW - cultural finance KW - artists KW - creative and cultural industries KW - barriers Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022081518483651137386 VL - 2022 IS - 46 SP - 317 EP - 344 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beierl, Stefan A1 - Dodlova, Marina T1 - Public Works Programmes and Cooperation for the Common Good: Evidence from Malawi JF - The European Journal of Development Research N2 - This paper investigates the relationship between Malawi’s largest and oldest publicworks programme (PWP) and social cohesion, specifically within-community coop-eration for the common good. Using both primary and secondary data, we show thatpublic works are associated with higher coordination activities and higher voluntary(unpaid) contributions to public goods, along both vertical ties (between communitymembers and local leaders) and horizontal ties (among community members). Espe-cially for school-building activities, voluntary inputs in the form of labour and otherin-kind contributions are higher in the presence of the PWP. Our results contrib-ute to a better understanding of the link between social protection programmes withcommunity-driven features and social cohesion. KW - Public works KW - Cash-for-work KW - Social protection KW - Cooperation for the common good KW - Coordination KW - Community meeting KW - Voluntary contributions Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022080712061894426936 VL - 2022 IS - 34 SP - 1264 EP - 1284 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adam, Marc T. P. A1 - Krämer, Jan T1 - Evaluating the emotional bidding framework: new evidence from a decade of neurophysiology JF - Electronic Markets N2 - Ten years ago the “emotional bidding framework” (Adam et al., Electronic Markets, 21(3), 197–207, 2011b) was published in this journal. It provided a conceptualization for the role of human emotion in electronic auctions along six propositions on how emotions emerge during the auction process and affect auction outcomes. While the framework emphasized the importance of immediate emotional responses and momentary changes in the bidders’ emotional state, the original articledid not include an evaluation of its propositions given the limited data on how bidders experience emotions in the moment that they occur. Ten years on, advances in the growing research field of NeuroIS allow to evaluate the propositions based on neurophysiological evidence. As a rejoinder of the original article, the present paper synthesizes these insights, refines the framework further, and identifies fruitful areas for future research based on remaining gaps in the body of knowledge. KW - Auctions KW - Auction Fever KW - NeuroIS Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022080421114680906980 VL - 2022 IS - 32 SP - 1529 EP - 1540 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herberger, Marie T1 - Pfändungsschutz für Tiere JF - Natur und Recht N2 - Das Gerichtsvollzieherschutzgesetz (GvSchuG) hat den Pfändungsschutz für Tiere erweitert. Systematisch fällt auf, dass nunmehr die Pfändungsverbote, die gänzlich unterschiedliche Zielvorstellungen im Auge haben, in § 811Abs. 1 Nr. 8 ZPO undifferenziert zusammengeführt wurden. Gelungen ist, dass der Pfändungsschutz mit Blick auf die Versorgungsfunktion bzw. die Erwerbsfunktion vervollständigt wurde. Was den Schutz von Tieren unter dem Vorzeichen „Schutz der emotionalen Beziehung Mensch– Tier“ angeht, ist zu begrüßen, dass sich der Gesetzgeber von dem einschränkenden Merkmal „im häuslichen Bereich“ verabschiedet hat. Dennoch ist das Konzept der schutzwürdigen Beziehung zwischen Mensch und Tier durch das GvSchuG nicht vollständig verwirklicht worden. Dass nach wie vor das Vollstreckungsgericht angerufen werden kann, wenn ein Tier, das nicht zu Erwerbszwecken gehalten wird, einen hohen Wert hat und die Unpfändbarkeit für den Gläubiger eine Härte bedeuten würde, die auch unter Würdigung der Belange des Tierschutzes und der berechtigten Interessen des Schuldners nicht zu rechtfertigen ist (§ 811 Abs. 3 ZPO), steht mit der Grundidee der schutzwürdigen Beziehung zwischen Mensch und Tier nicht im Einklang. Hier besteht also nach wie vor Reformbedarf. KW - Tiere KW - Pfändungsschutz KW - Recht Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022052822431970208748 VL - 2022 IS - 44 SP - 106 EP - 109 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Göler, Daniel T1 - Müller-Brandeck-Bocquet, G. (Hrsg.) (2021). Deutsche Europapolitik von Adenauer bis Merkel. JF - Zeitschrift für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik N2 - Rezension zu: Müller-Brandeck-Bocquet, G. (Hrsg.) (2021). Deutsche Europapolitik von Adenauer bis Merkel. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 416 Seiten, ISBN: 978-3658353391. KW - Europapolitik KW - Deutschland Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022121709042000885466 VL - 2022 IS - 15 SP - 345 EP - 347 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolff, Hannes T1 - Patentability of brain organoids derived from iPSC : a legal evaluation with interdisciplinary aspects JF - Neuroethics N2 - Brain Organoids in their current state of development are patentable. Future brain organoids may face some challenges in this regard, which I address in this contribution. Brain organoids unproblematically fulfil the general prerequisites of patentability set forth in Art. 3 (1) EU-Directive 98/44/EC (invention, novelty, inventive step and susceptibility of industrial application). Patentability is excluded if an invention makes use of human embryos or constitutes a stage of the human body in the individual phases of its formation and development. Both do not apply to brain organoids, unless ES-cells are used. Art. 6 (1) EU-Directive 98/44/EC excludes patentability for inventions “the commercial exploitation of which would be contrary to ordre public or morality”. While there is no conceivable scenario, in which the commercial application of current brain organoids violates the ordre public , the same is not necessarily true for future brain organoids. Keeping in mind that a development of consciousness-like abilities in future brain organoids cannot be excluded and that an ability for both physical and psychological suffering has been theorized, both of which are aspects of the ordre public , certain applications of future brain organoids may constitute a violation of the ordre public and therefore lead to an exclusion of patentability. KW - Patentability KW - Law KW - Brain organoids KW - Consciousness KW - Moral status Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024033111323821449698 SN - 1874-5490 SN - 1874-5504 VL - 17 IS - 1 PB - Springer Netherlands CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reinhardt, Karoline T1 - Die Grenzen der Pflicht und die Grenzen der Supererogation JF - Zeitschrift für Ethik und Moralphilosophie N2 - Wozu sind wir verpflichtet – und was geht gegebenenfalls darüber hinaus? Das ist eine der Grundfragen der Supererogationsdebatte. Welchen Grenzen unterliegt unsere Pflichterfüllung? Welche Handlungen müssen wir als (moralisch) außergewöhnlich betrachten? Seit der Veröffentlichung von James O. Urmsons Aufsatz „Saints and Heroes“ im Jahr 1958 gibt es eine rege Debatte um Fragen der Definition, der Rechtfertigung und der möglichen Anwendung der Kategorie der Supererogation auf konkrete moralische Probleme. Eine der Kerneinsichten feministischer Philosophie aber, dass hinsichtlich der Frage, welche Handlungen wir als Pflicht oder als darüberhinausgehend betrachten, keine ‚Genderneutralität‘ herrscht, hat innerhalb der Supererogationsdebatte wenig Aufmerksamkeit erfahren: Es fehlt bislang eine systematische Untersuchung, welche Implikationen dieser Befund für die Kategorie der Supererogation hat. Insbesondere bei den Zuschreibungen von Heldenhaftigkeit und Heiligkeit, die Urmson zu den paradigmatischen Fällen von Supererogation zählt, ist der Einfluss von Genderrollen besonders auffällig und bedarf einer genaueren Analyse. Diese Beobachtung nimmt der Beitrag zum Ausgangspunkt, um zu zeigen, dass in der Supererogationsdebatte verwendete Beispiele oft mit (impliziten) Annahmen darüber verwoben sind, wer die Akteur:innen sind, die diese Handlungen vollführen – und dass diese Annahmen in hohem Maße an konventionelle und stereotype Geschlechterrollen gebunden sind. Darüber hinaus werden in dieser Debatte die Leistungen von Frauen* im Besonderen oft naturalisiert und marginalisiert. Schließlich ist die Kategorie der Supererogation bis heute häufig mit normierenden Vorstellungen darüber verbunden, was von jemandem erwartet werden kann und was nicht. Ich werde ausgehend von Urmsons einschlägigem Aufsatz eine feministische Analyse der verwendeten Beispiele vornehmen und deren Implikationen für die Kategorie der Supererogation herausarbeiten. KW - Feminismus KW - Heldenhaftigkeit KW - Moral Saints KW - Pflicht KW - Supererogation KW - Urmson KW - Ethik KW - Verdienst KW - Pflicht Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024032621292861050353 SN - 2522-0071 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 215 EP - 235 PB - Springer Berlin Heidelberg CY - Berlin/Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaiser, Tobias T1 - Periods, power series, and integrated algebraic numbers JF - Mathematische Annalen N2 - Periods are defined as integrals of semialgebraic functions defined over the rationals. Periods form a countable ring not much is known about. Examples are given by taking the antiderivative of a power series which is algebraic over the polynomial ring over the rationals and evaluate it at a rational number. We follow this path and close these algebraic power series under taking iterated antiderivatives and nearby algebraic and geometric operations. We obtain a system of rings of power series whose coefficients form a countable real closed field. Using techniques from o-minimality we are able to show that every period belongs to this field. In the setting of o-minimality we define exponential integrated algebraic numbers and show that exponential periods and the Euler constant is an exponential integrated algebraic number. Hence they are a good candiate for a natural number system extending the period ring and containing important mathematical constants. KW - algebraic geometry KW - algebraic topology KW - algebra KW - associative rings and algebras KW - commutative rings and algebras KW - number theory Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024040910285674698609 SN - 0025-5831 SN - 1432-1807 VL - 390 IS - 2 SP - 2043 EP - 2074 PB - Springer Berlin Heidelberg CY - Berlin/Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Narh, John T1 - Progress, challenges and prospects of the modified Taungya system in Ghana JF - Agroforestry Systems N2 - Forest landscape restoration through agroforestry has been implemented as a Nature-based Solution to deforestation in the Global South with varied outcomes. The Modified Taungya System (MTS) is one of such programmes introduced in Ghana to address socio-economically-induced degradation of forest reserves. For two decades since its establishment, there has not been any examination of  a synthesised findings on the MTS and their implication for the prospects of the programme. Using the PRISMA method to select empirical studies, this article examines the state of reforestation under the MTS by reflecting on the conditions of success and failures of the programme. In doing so, two interrelated arguments are advanced. First, the MTS seems to be successful when farmers are well-educated about the programme and their future benefits in the reserves that they enrich. Second, the MTS has largely failed to achieve its full potentials for forest recovery due to bribery, corruption and nepotism that have bedevilled land demarcation to, and delays in signing benefit sharing agreement with, farmers. There is a need for a thorough sensitisation on the MTS to enhance its transparency. Besides, the MTS needs to be remodified if it would be one of the strategies to contribute to the Bonn Challenge and for a durable climate mitigation. KW - Agroforestry KW - Bioeconomy KW - Climate change KW - Mitigation KW - Modified taungya system KW - Nature-based solution Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2405100928309.284032809350 SN - 0167-4366 SN - 1572-9680 VL - 98 IS - 3 SP - 767 EP - 782 PB - Springer Netherlands CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - THES A1 - Knott, Manuel T1 - Blockchain: Disrupting the Creative Industries – Enablers, Barriers and Utilization through Persuasive System Design N2 - Blockchain technology enables the automated recording of information and execution of contract content – utilizing so-called Smart Contracts – without relying on trusted intermediaries (Beck et al., 2016). A blockchain is best described as a decentralized digital ledger (Atzori, 2015). The decentralized data storage on the blockchain makes the recorded information tamper-proof and creates transparency along the value chain. Therefore blockchain changes fundamentally the way data and information are processed (Al-Jaroodi & Mohamed, 2019; Avital et al., 2016). This has given rise to numerous use cases for blockchain in a wide range of industries. Fundamentally, blockchain technology can be used at any time when information needs to be stored in an automated and tamper-proof manner (Crosby et al., 2016). In the financial industry, blockchain helps to automate peer-to-peer transactions. This makes middlemen obsolete, which can reduce transaction costs (Cai, 2018). In the public health sector, blockchain is primarily used for decentralized storage of patient records. By using blockchain technology, these patient records are secured against manipulation and unauthorized access by third parties (Mettler, 2016). Another interesting use case can be seen in the electricity market. Blockchain technology makes it possible to integrate micro producers of electricity, such as private households, into the power grid in a cost-efficient way (Cheng et al., 2017). However, blockchain technology also offers several applications in the creative industries to support the daily work of professionals. The term creative industries encompasses industries and sectors which hold intellectual property at the core of their value creation (Caves, 2000). According to DCMS (1998),creative industries include not only classic art sectors such as fine art, painting or crafting, but also areas such as marketing, game developing, film and video or music. As the main drivers of innovation, the creative industries have a steadily increasing influence on the overall economic impact. Often, ideas, products and services from the creative industries ultimately flow into other areas, such as the automotive sector, and support them in achieving their entrepreneurial goals (Banks, 2010; Jones et al., 2004). In order to continuously maintain the position as an innovation driver, a certain form of organization has prevailed in the creative industries. For the creative industries to react flexibly to new requirements and a constantly changing environment, work is usually carried out as project-based (DeFillippi, 2015). For this purpose, the teams of the project-based organization are predominantly formed using freelancers who are specialists in the required field. As a result, many recurring organizational activities arise, such as contracting, team finding or onboarding (DeFillippi, 2015; Eikhof & Haunschild, 2006). Therefore, professionals from the creative industries have to spend significant time on activities that do not serve their core task of creating intellectual property. These tasks not only reduce the efficiency of their work, but also hinder their creative flow (Foord, 2009; Hennekam & Bennett, 2016). In this regard, blockchain represents a promising technology to support professionals in the creative industries. For the creative industries, blockchain is primarily used to automate formal processes and secure intellectual property rights (O’Dair, 2018). Blockchain technology enables artists and creatives more freedom for their own creative activities. By automating repetitive activities, professionals from the creative industries are freed from typical management tasks (Arcos, 2018; Cong & He, 2019). Furthermore, for the first time, intellectual property can be secured in a cost- and time-efficient way by utilizing blockchain technology. This is made possible by the decentralized nature of the blockchain, which makes subsequent manipulation of the contents of the intellectual property impossible (Avital et al., 2016; Beck et al., 2016; Regner et al., 2019). Ultimately, the use of so-called Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) create the opportunity for artists and creatives to sell unique digital art (Regner et al., 2019). Thus, blockchain generates entirely new ways for creative industries to organize their projects and opens new markets to sell their work. While several use cases of blockchain technology can be identified in the creative industries, the widespread use of blockchain is still lacking. So far, no Blockchain service or blockchain application has managed to take a dominant market position in the creative industries. At first sight, this seems surprising since artists and creatives could fundamentally benefit from this technology. At the same time, professionals from the creative industries would not be dependent on middlemen or central entities. This circumstance gave the impulse for the research presented in this thesis. I was able to identify that professionals from the creative industries are still underutilizing blockchain technology for three main reasons: (1) When using blockchain technology, professionals from the creative industries experience strong resistance from their stakeholders, who want to prevent the use of blockchain. (2) The perceived constraints by artists and creatives in using blockchain still deter many from using this technology extensively. (3) Several blockchain applications lack a persuasive design, resulting in many artists and creatives continue to prefer conventional services and products. KW - Blockchain, Creative Industries, DLT, Persuasive Design Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11149 ER - TY - THES A1 - Geltl, Michael T1 - Vertretung des Betriebsrats und Vertrauensschutz des Arbeitgebers bei fehlender Vertretungsmacht N2 - 1. Der (stellvertretende) Betriebsratsvorsitzende ist das Vertretungsorgan des Betriebsrats. Der Umfang seiner Aktivvertretungsmacht beschränkt sich auf die Abgabe von Erklärungen, die im Innenverhältnis von einem wirksamen Betriebsratsbeschluss gedeckt sind (§ 26 Abs. 2 S. 1 BetrVG). In engen Grenzen kann ihm ein Entscheidungsspielraum beim Beschlussvollzug eingeräumt werden. Daneben ist in Einzelfällen die Vertretung des Betriebsrats durch sonstige Betriebsratsmitglieder zulässig. Die Vertretungsmacht ergibt hier aus einer Vollmacht (§ 166 Abs. 2 S. 1 BGB). Auch insoweit ist der Umfang der Aktivvertretungsmacht aber auf den Vollzug wirksamer Betriebsratsbeschlüsse beschränkt. 2. Der Betriebsrat wird ohne Vertretungsmacht vertreten, wenn entweder eine nicht zur Vertretung befugte Person für den Betriebsrat auftritt, oder wenn eine an und für sich zur Vertretung befugte Person ihre Vertretungsmacht überschreitet. Nicht zur Vertretung befugte Personen sind der Betriebsratsvorsitzende im Fall seiner Verhinderung, der stellvertretende Betriebsratsvorsitzende bei fehlender Verhinderung des Betriebsratsvorsitzenden und sonstige Betriebsratsmitglieder ohne Vollmacht. Ein Überschreiten der Vertretungsmacht einer zur Vertretung befugten Person liegt vor, wenn sie eine Erklärung abgibt, die im Innenverhältnis nicht von einem wirksamen Betriebsratsbeschluss gedeckt ist. Das ist der Fall, wenn ein inhaltlich einschlägiger Betriebsratsbeschluss fehlt oder dieser Betriebsratsbeschluss nichtig ist. 3. Ohne Vertretungsmacht abgegebene Erklärungen sind nach allgemeinen Regeln für den Betriebsrat nicht verbindlich, die entsprechenden Rechtsgeschäfte sind schwebend unwirksam, § 177 Abs. 1 BetrVG (i.V.m. § 180 S. 2 BetrVG). Der Arbeitgeber, der sich auf die Erklärung des Betriebsrats verlässt, handelt einseitig und damit mitbestimmungswidrig. Der Betriebsrat kann das schwebend unwirksame Rechtsgeschäft allerdings durch Betriebsratsbeschluss genehmigen; die Genehmigung wirkt grundsätzlich zurück (§ 177 Abs. 1, 184 Abs. 1, 182 BGB). Der Betriebsratsvorsitzende, der ohne Vertretungsmacht handelt und dadurch seine Kompetenzen überschreitet, kann vom Betriebsrat abberufen werden. Unter den Voraussetzungen des § 23 Abs. 1 BetrVG kann der Betriebsratsvorsitzende oder das ohne Vollmacht handelnde sonstige Betriebsratsmitglied aus dem Betriebsrat ausgeschlossen werden. Auch eine Haftung gegenüber dem Arbeitgeber auf Schadensersatz kommt in Betracht, vor allem nach § 179 Abs. 1 BGB. 4. Der Arbeitgeber, der darauf vertraut, dass die Erklärung des Betriebsrats auf einem wirksamen Betriebsratsbeschluss beruht, ist schutzwürdig. Schutzwürdig ist der Arbeitgeber, weil der Betriebsrat seine gesetzlichen Aufgaben selbständig und eigenverantwortlich wahrnimmt; der Arbeitgeber kann und darf sich in die Amtsführung des Betriebsrats und dessen interne Willensbildung nicht einmischen. Der Arbeitgeber hat deshalb auch grundsätzlich keinen Anspruch gegen den Betriebsrat darauf, dass ihm die Vertretungsmacht nachgewiesen wird. Gleichwohl ist er auf verbindliche Erklärungen des Betriebsrats bei mitbestimmungspflichtigen Handlungen angewiesen. 5. Der danach gebotene Vertrauensschutz des Arbeitgebers muss über eine betriebsverfassungsrechtliche Sonderlösung realisiert werden. Eine Differenzierung nach Beteiligungsrechten, wie sie das BAG praktiziert, ist nicht veranlasst, weil hierfür kein sachlich rechtfertigender Grund gegeben ist. Die Schutzwürdigkeit des Arbeitgebers ist bei den einzelnen Beteiligungsrechten des Betriebsrats nicht grundlegend verschieden und erst Recht nicht auf bestimmte Beteiligungsrechte beschränkt. Die Lehre von der Vertrauenshaftung kann auf den Betriebsrat zwar angewandt werden, führt aber letztlich zu keiner zufriedenstellenden Lösung: Nach der Rechtsscheinhaftung ist der Arbeitgeber in vielen Fällen schutzlos gestellt, weil bereits kein objektiver Rechtsscheintatbestand vorliegt, auf den er sich berufen kann. Die Vertrauenshaftung kraft widersprüchlichen Verhaltens ist von einer Interessenabwägung im Einzelfall abhängig und damit für die betriebliche Praxis wenig brauchbar. Schließlich muss in allen Fällen geprüft werden, ob der Vertrauenstatbestand dem Betriebsrat überhaupt zurechenbar ist, andernfalls der gutgläubige Arbeitgeber keinen Schutz genießt. Dem Arbeitgeber ist deshalb nach dem Grundsatz der vertrauensvollen Zusammenarbeit (§ 2 Abs. 1 BetrVG) absoluter Gutglaubensschutz zu gewähren. Die fehlende Vertretungsmacht des (stellvertretenden) Betriebsratsvorsitzenden oder sonstiger Betriebsratsmitglieder darf dem gutgläubigen Arbeitgeber nicht entgegengehalten werden. 6. Gutgläubig ist der Arbeitgeber, wenn er weder Kenntnis noch grob fahrlässige Unkenntnis vom Fehlen der Vertretungsmacht hat. Dabei ist es nicht Sache des Arbeitgebers, zu prüfen, ob der Erklärung des Betriebsrats ein wirksamer Betriebsratsbeschluss zugrunde liegt; er hat insoweit keine Nachforschungspflicht. Tritt jedoch ein sonstiges Betriebsratsmitglied als Vertreter des Betriebsrats auf, hat der Arbeitgeber einen Anspruch darauf, dass ihm die Bevollmächtigung des Betriebsratsmitglieds nachgewiesen wird. Dem Arbeitgeber obliegt es dann, diesen Anspruch geltend zu machen; andernfalls liegt grob fahrlässige Unkenntnis vor, wenn er das Fehlen der Vertretungsmacht bei Geltendmachung des Anspruchs hätte erkennen können. 7. Bei fehlerhaften betriebsverfassungsrechtlichen Organisationsakten wie der Wahl des Betriebsratsvorsitzenden (§ 26 Abs. 1 BetrVG) und der Ausschüsse des Betriebsrats (§§ 27 und 28 Abs. 1 BetrVG) besteht trotz Anwendung der Anfechtungslösung nach § 19 BetrVG analog ein Bedürfnis für Vertrauensschutz des Arbeitgebers. Ergänzender Vertrauensschutz ist erforderlich und entsprechend der Rechtslage bei Geschäftsführungsbeschlüssen zu gewähren, wenn schwerwiegende und offensichtliche Gesetzverstöße zur Nichtigkeit der Organisationsakte führen, ohne dass der Arbeitgeber die Nichtigkeit erkennen kann. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11290 ER - TY - THES A1 - Qiu, Ruyi T1 - The Role of Context in Stimulus-Response Binding and Retrieval N2 - Feature binding has been proven to be a common and general mechanism underlying human information processing and action control. There is strong evidence showing that when humans perform a task, stimuli (e.g., the target, the distractor) and responses are bound together into an episodic representation, called an event file or a stimulus-response (S-R) episode, which can be retrieved upon feature repetition. As compared with the target and the distractor, the context (i.e., an additional stimulus presented together with the target and the distractor, but not associated with any response keys throughout the whole course of the task), which is considered as task-irrelevant, did not receive that much attention in previous studies. The current thesis was aimed to provide insights into the different roles the context plays in S-R binding and retrieval. Specifically, in Study One and Two, the role of context as an element that can be integrated into an S-R episode was investigated, with a focus on the saliency and the inter-trial variability of the contextual stimulus. Both properties were found to influence how the context is integrated into an S-R episode. More specifically, results show that both saliency and inter-trial variability determine whether the context is directly bound in a binary fashion with the response, or it enters in to a configural binding together with another stimulus and the response. In Study Three, intrigued by the role of context as an event segmentation factor in the event perception literature, whether the context can demarcate the integration window of an S-R episode was tested. Results provide consistent evidence that sharing a common context leads to a stronger binding between a stimulus and the response, as compared with the condition when these elements are separated by different contexts, thereby suggesting a binding principle of common context. Taken together, the current thesis specifies the role of context in S-R binding and retrieval, and sheds some light on how contextual information influences human behavior. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11390 ER - TY - THES A1 - Liang, Hanning T1 - Deflectometric Measurement of the Topography of Reflecting Freeform Surfaces in Motion N2 - Measuring the topography of specular surfaces with strong surface structures in motion was impossible before this research. A new method based on singleshot phase-measuring de ectometry (SSPMD) and combining different solution aspects has been presented. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11672 ER - TY - THES A1 - Iretzberger, Manuel T1 - Der Critical Realism als Metatheorie der Internationalen Beziehungen N2 - Dieser Mantelteil gibt einen detaillierten Einblick in das Dissertationsprojekt "Der Critical Realism als Metatheorie der Internationalen Beziehungen" und die darin entwickelten zentralen Argumente. Zudem werden die im Rahmen der Dissertation veröffentlichten Einzelbeiträge vorgestellt und in den Gesamtzusammenhang des Forschungsprojekts eingeordnet. KW - Critical Realism KW - Metatheorie KW - Internationale Beziehungen Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11465 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becher, Stefan A1 - Gerl, Armin ED - Sarne, Giuseppe Maria Luigi ED - Ma, Jianhua ED - Rosaci, Domenico ED - Srivastava, Gautam T1 - ConTra Preference Language: Privacy Preference Unification via Privacy Interfaces JF - Sensors N2 - After the enactment of the GDPR in 2018, many companies were forced to rethink their privacy management in order to comply with the new legal framework. These changes mostly affect the Controller to achieve GDPR-compliant privacy policies and management.However, measures to give users a better understanding of privacy, which is essential to generate legitimate interest in the Controller, are often skipped. We recommend addressing this issue by the usage of privacy preference languages, whereas users define rules regarding their preferences for privacy handling. In the literature, preference languages only work with their corresponding privacy language, which limits their applicability. In this paper, we propose the ConTra preference language, which we envision to support users during privacy policy negotiation while meeting current technical and legal requirements. Therefore, ConTra preferences are defined showing its expressiveness, extensibility, and applicability in resource-limited IoT scenarios. In addition, we introduce a generic approach which provides privacy language compatibility for unified preference matching. KW - privacy KW - preference language KW - legal factors KW - GDPR KW - usability Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11218 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 IS - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Switzerland ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Universitätsbibliothek Passau: Jahresbericht 2021 N2 - Jahresbericht der Universitätsbibliothek Passau für das Jahr 2021. T3 - Jahresbericht der Universitätsbibliothek Passau - 2021 Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11549 CY - Passau ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Weithmann, Michael T1 - Die Petschenegen. Ein zentralasiatisches Reitervolk im Nibelungenlied N2 - The Nibelungenlied represents a real international setting of historic peoples: Burgundians, Saxons, Huns, Russians, Romanians and in one single line Petchenegs, a turktataric tribe of Nomads. In the 12th. and 13th.centuries Petchenegs served as borderline-warriors in the Kingdom of Hungary. Had the Compilator of the Nibelungenlied knowledge of their presence along the Hungarian Danube? KW - Petschenegen Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11450 ER - TY - THES A1 - Lachat, Paul T1 - Detecting Inference Attacks Involving Sensor Data N2 - The collection of personal information by organizations has become increasingly essential for social interactions. Nevertheless, according to the GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation), the organizations have to protect collected data. Access Control (AC) mechanisms are traditionally used to secure information systems against unauthorized access to sensitive data. The increased availability of personal sensor data, thanks to IoT-oriented applications, motivates new services to offer insights about individuals. Consequently, data mining algorithms have been proposed to infer personal insights from collected sensor data. Although they can be used for genuine purposes, attackers can leverage those outcomes, combining them with other type of data, and further breaching individuals’ privacy. Thus, bypassing AC mechanisms thanks to such insights is a concrete problem. We propose an inference detection system based on the analysis of queries issued on a sensor database. The knowledge obtained through these queries, and the inference channels corresponding to the use of data mining algorithms on sensor data to infer individual information, are described using Raw sensor data based Inference ChannEl Model (RICE-M). The detection is carried out by RICE-M based inference detection System (RICE-Sy). RICE-Sy considers at the time of the query, the knowledge that a user obtains via a new query and has obtained via his query history, and determines whether this is sufficient to allow that user to operate a channel. Thus, privacy protection systems can take advantage of the inferences detected by RICE-Sy, taking into account individuals’ information obtained by the attackers via a database of sensors, to further protect these individuals. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14149 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard T1 - Realitäten zweier Reiche. Luther und die Banner-Betrachtung JF - Geist und Leben. Zeitschrift für christliche Spiritualität N2 - Ohne Kenntnis voneinander arbeiten etwa zur gleichen Zeit Martin Luther und Ignatius von Loyola an Klärungsversuchen wie die seit Augustinus im Christentum verankerte Dialektik von civitas terrena („irdischer Staat“) und civitas Dei („Gottesstaat“) mit ihren Anliegen vereinbart werden kann. Luther entwickelt daraus seine Regimenten-Lehre und Ignatius die Banner-Betrachtung in den Geistlichen Übungen. Die ignatianische Deutung veranlasst einige Denker (Jon Sobrino und Ignacio Ellacuría) der Theologie der Befreiung die Zwei-Reiche-Lehre auf strukturelle Ungerechtigkeit hin zu deuten. Damit bekommt sie eine brisante Aktualität. N2 - Without knowing each other, Martin Luther and Ignatius of Loyola worked at around the same time on attempts to clarify how the dialectic of civitas terrena (“earthly state”) and civitas Dei (“the state of God”), which had been anchored in Christianity since Augustine, could be reconciled with their concerns. Luther developed his doctrine of regimentation from this and Ignatius the banner contemplation in the Spiritual Exercises. The Ignatian interpretation influenced some thinkers (Jon Sobrino and Ignacio Ellacuría) of the theology of liberation to interpret the two kingdoms theory in terms of structural injustice. This creates a highly topical issue. KW - Martin Luther KW - Zwei-Reiche-Lehre KW - Einteilungsmodell KW - christliches Handeln KW - Gottesstaat Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14231 VL - 2010 IS - 2 SP - 114 EP - 125 PB - Echter Verlag CY - Würzburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Narh, John A1 - Wehner, Stefanie A1 - Ungruhe, Christian A1 - Eberth, Andreas T1 - The role of translocal practices in a natural climate solution in Ghana JF - Climate N2 - People-centred reforestation is one of the ways to achieve natural climate solutions. Ghana has established a people-centred reforestation programme known as the Modified Taunya System (MTS) where local people are assigned degraded forest reserves to practice agroforestry. Given that the MTS is a people-centred initiative, socioeconomic factors are likely to have impact on the reforestation drive. This study aims to understand the role of translocal practices of remittances and visits by migrants on the MTS. Using multi-sited, sequential explanatory mixed methods and the lens of socioecological systems, the study shows that social capital and socioeconomic obligations of cash remittances from, as well as visits by migrants to their communities of origin play positive roles on reforestation under the MTS. Specifically, translocal households have access to, and use remittances to engage relatively better in the MTS than households that do not receive remittances. This shows that translocal practices can have a positive impact on the environment at the area of origin of migrants where there are people-centred environmental policies in place. KW - agroforestry KW - multi-sited research KW - reforestation KW - remittances KW - sequential explanatory mixed methods KW - socioecological systems Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14138 VL - 2023 IS - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard T1 - Zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement. Zwischen Eigenständigkeit und aktiver Teilhabe JF - Amos International 1/2011 N2 - Zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement zeichnet sich durch die Eigenständigkeit der jeweiligen Akteure aus. Sie entscheiden darüber, ob sie kooperativ, unabhängig und konfrontativ mit Institutionen umgehen. Dieses Engagement trägt einerseits fragile Züge, ist doch dieses Engagement in der Regel nicht in gleicher Weise gefestigt wie die Institutionen mit denen es in Interaktion tritt. Andererseits steht es in der Gefahr den Blick der Aktiven einzunehmen und jene zu übersehen, die auf Unterstützung angewiesen sind, um sich zu engagieren. Wie das Eine mit dem Anderen zusammenhängt, davon handelt dieser Text. N2 - Civil society engagement is characterised by the independence of the respective actors. They decide whether they deal with institutions in a co-operative, independent or confrontational manner. On the one hand, this engagement is fragile, as it is generally not as stable as institutions are. On the other hand, it is in danger of taking the view of those who are active and overlooking those who are dependent on support in order to get involved. This text is about how the two are linked. KW - Zivilgesellschaft KW - Engagement KW - Eigenständigkeit KW - Selbstbestimmung Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14257 VL - 5 (2011) IS - 1 SP - 11 EP - 18 PB - Kommende Dortmund CY - Dortmund ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard ED - Wenzel, Knut T1 - Jenseits der Lebensenergien. Der Leichnam: Szenen zum Status verbliebener Körperlichkeit T2 - Lebens-Lüste. Von der Ambivalenz der menschlichen Lebensenergie N2 - Ist der Leichnam eine Sache oder das Zurückgebliebene einer Person? Anhand drei Szenen soll eine Spur verfolgt werden: die Holzschnitte Vesals, die Geburt der klinischen Körperbetrachtung und die Festlegung eines medizinischen Kriteriums. Am Ende der Spur stellt sich die Frage nach dem Status des Leichnams, jener Körperlichkeit eines ehemals lebendigen Menschen in der Zeitspanne zwischen Lebensende und seiner „Zu-Staub-werdung“. Der Beitrag findet eine Antwort. N2 - Is the dead body a thing or the remaining part of a person? Three scenes will be used to follow a path: Vesal's woodcuts, the birth of the clinical view of the body and the definition of a medical criterion. At the end of the path, the question arises as to the status of the dead body, the corporeality of a formerly living person in the period between the end of life and its “becoming dust”. The article finds an answer. KW - Leichnam KW - Körperlichkeit KW - Lebensenergie KW - Tod KW - Todesfeststellung Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14249 SP - 137 EP - 151 PB - Matthias-Grünewald Verlag CY - Ostfildern ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gärtner, Raluca A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard T1 - Alle Unternehmen handeln doch ethisch, oder? Herkunft und Entwicklung der Begriffe Sustainability und Corporate Social Responsibility JF - Revista Ecumenică Sibiu N2 - Business ethics which has been in the focus of applied ethics for the last years has passed through several levels. Based on American socioeconomics first concepts were confirmed by the influence of sociological systems theory guaranteeing the framework for developing terms such as “sustainability” and “corporate social responsibility”. Even the Christian Churches have faced fundamental concepts of business ethics and dealt with them successfully. Considering either the Fair Trade Company GEPA or the certification Xertifix by MISEREOR, Christian Social Ethics and its pastoral work can keep up with any concept of business ethics nowadays. KW - business ethics KW - sustainability KW - corporate social responsibility KW - economic ethics Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14288 VL - 3 (2011) IS - 3 SP - 349 EP - 364 PB - Honterus Sibiu CY - Sibiu ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard A1 - Glöck, Robert T1 - Bestand und Liberalität einer werteorientierten Bildung. Eine Orientierungshilfe JF - Regensburger RU-Notizen N2 - Werte und Bildung in der Schule – was heißt das konkret? Der Text geht nach grundsätzlichen Überlegungen zu aktuellen Wertetheorien auf einige empirische Studien ein. Versteht man Werte als subjektive Handlungsüberzeugungen von gesellschaftlicher Tragweite, dann sind sie – wenn auch nicht unbedingt relativ – so doch partikular. Da Wertungen in gesellschaftlichen Fragen fast immer im Spiel sind, können Bildungskonzepte das Vermitteln von Werten kaum vermeiden; im Guten wie im Schlechten. Die Schule bleibt dabei ein, wenn auch sekundärer, wesentlicher Ort dieses Geschehens. N2 - Values and education at school – what does that mean in concrete terms? Following fundamental considerations on current value theories, the text looks at some empirical studies. If values are understood as subjective behavioural convictions with social implications, then they are – if not necessarily relative – at least particular. As values are almost always involved in social issues, educational concepts can hardly avoid conveying values, for better or for worse. The school remains an essential, albeit secondary, location for this process. KW - Werteorientierung KW - Werteerziehung KW - Werte KW - Orientierungshilfe KW - Bildung Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14276 VL - 29 (2009) IS - 2 SP - 4 EP - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard A1 - Laux, Bernhard T1 - Was kaufst Du? Grundlegende Aspekte der Konsumentenethik JF - Regensburger RU-Notizen N2 - Der Aufsatz richtet den Blick auf den Zusammenhang zwischen den Konsumenten und dem Grad ihrer ausgeübten Steuerungsfunktion auf den Markt, d.h. auf die Qualität der Waren und Dienstleistungen, wie besonders auch auf die Rahmenbedingungen ihrer Produktion oder Erbringung. Im Hinblick auf ein verantwortungsbewusstes Verhalten als Konsument wird aufgezeigt, inwiefern das Kaufen nicht nur ein wirtschaftlicher Akt, sondern immer auch eine moralische Handlung ist. N2 - The article focusses on the connection between consumers and the degree to which they exercise control over the market, i.e. the quality of goods and services, and in particular the framework conditions for their production or provision. With regard to responsible behaviour as a consumer, it is shown to what extent buying is not only an economic act, but also always a moral act. Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14262 VL - 32 (2012) IS - 1 SP - 18 EP - 23 ER - TY - THES A1 - Miketta, Yvonne T1 - Frame-Semantik und Plastikwörter: Lexikologische Untersuchungen zur sprachlichen Signifikanz in der Politik des 21. Jahrhunderts N2 - Was möchten Politikerinnen und Politiker mit dem Gesagten wirklich ausdrücken? Welchen spezifischen Zweck erfüllen bestimmte Worte im politischen Kontext? In dieser Arbeit wird die sprachliche Signifikanz des Zusammenspiels von Frame-Semantik und Plastikwörtern im Kontext der Politik des 21. Jahrhunderts untersucht. Nach der Vorstellung dieser beiden Theorien werden grundlegende Definitionen aus der Frame-Semantik und der Forschung zu Plastikwörtern adaptiert, um das Vokabular in der politischen Kommunikation fachlich adäquat analysieren zu können. Für diese politolinguistische Analyse wurde eigenständig ein Untersuchungskorpus erstellt, das aus Reden und Redeanteilen von deutschen Politikerinnen und Politikern aus dem Zeitraum von 2005 bis 2020 besteht. Das Korpus umfasst Reden bzw. Redeanteile verschiedener Politikerinnen und Politiker. Die korpuslinguistische Analyse soll den Zusammenhang zwischen Frame-Semantik und Plastikwörtern in der Politik, sowie die dabei auftretenden sprachlichen Muster und Praktiken empirisch nachweisen. Hierzu wurde eine com-putergestützte Analyse mithilfe der Programmiersprachen Python und R durchgeführt. Sprache in der Politik bietet einen relevanten Themenbereich der Sprachwissenschaft. Sie ist durch die Medien in der Gesellschaft omnipräsent und betrifft alle Bürgerinnen und Bürger. Aus diesem Grund ist die Bearbeitung dieses Fachgebietes von allgemeinem Interesse. Der kombinierte quantitative wie qualitative Einsatz von Frame-Semantik und Plastikwort-Forschung bei der Analyse eines politiksprachlichen Korpus stellt ein Forschungsdesiderat dar. KW - Frame-Semantik KW - Plastikwort KW - Sprachwissenschaft KW - Sprache in der Politik KW - Politolinguistik KW - Frame-Semantik KW - Lexikologie KW - Politische Kommunikation KW - Politolinguistik Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12881 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mosch, Philipp T1 - Four Essays on Digital Transformation Strategies from the Perspectives of Capital Markets, Incumbents and Start-ups N2 - This dissertation uses four studies to examine the context-contingent strategic factors that are critical to the success of digital transformation strategies from the perspectives of capital markets, incumbents, and start-ups. It focuses on a better understanding of (1) digital innovations and their quantitative evaluation, (2) power disruptions in digitally servitized supply chains, (3) strategic measures and dynamics in digital B2B platform markets, and (4) strategizing by data-driven start-ups in digitalized business networks. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11337 ER - TY - THES A1 - Dzepina, Aleksandra T1 - Qualität von Prozessmodellen - Entwicklung eines Ordnungsrahmens zur Analyse, Klassifikation und Bestimmung der Qualitätsanforderungen an Prozessmodelle N2 - Die vorliegende Dissertation behandelt die Qualität von Prozessmodellen. Vor diesem Hintergrund haben Experteninterviews mit Forschungs- und Praxispartnern zur Entwicklung und Evaluierung eines Ordnungsrahmens zur Qualitätsbestimmung von Prozessmodellen beigetragen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass unter anderem die Einsatzzwecke der Prozessmodelle sowie die mit den Prozessmodellen in Berührung kommenden Personengruppen differenziert betrachtet werden müssen, um Auswirkungen auf die Prozessmodellqualität untersuchen zu können. KW - Prozessmodell KW - Prozessmodellqualität KW - Ordnungsrahmen Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11864 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schlenker, Florian T1 - Delaunay Configuration B-Splines N2 - The generalization of univariate splines to higher dimensions is not straightforward. There are different approaches, each with its own advantages and drawbacks. A promising approach using Delaunay configurations and simplex splines is due to Neamtu. After recalling fundamentals of univariate splines, simplex splines, and the wellknown, multivariate DMS-splines, we address Neamtu’s DCB-splines. He defined two variants that we refer to as the nonpooled and the pooled approach, respectively. Regarding these spline spaces, we contribute the following results. We prove that, under suitable assumptions on the knot set, both variants exhibit the local finiteness property, i.e., these spline spaces are locally finite-dimensional and at each point only a finite number of basis candidate functions have a nonzero value. Additionally, we establish a criterion guaranteeing these properties within a compact region under mitigated assumptions. Moreover, we show that the knot insertion process known from univariate splines does not work for DCB-splines and reason why this behavior is inherent to these spline spaces. Furthermore, we provide a necessary criterion for the knot insertion property to hold true for a specific inserted knot. This criterion is also sufficient for bivariate, nonpooled DCB-splines of degrees zero and one. Numerical experiments suggest that the sufficiency also holds true for arbitrary spline degrees. Univariate functions can be approximated in terms of splines using the Schoenberg operator, where the approximation error decreases quadratically as the maximum distance between consecutive knots is reduced. We show that the Schoenberg operator can be defined analogously for both variants of DCB-splines with a similar error bound. Additionally, we provide a counterexample showing that the basis candidate functions of nonpooled DCB-splines are not necessarily linearly independent, contrary to earlier statements in the literature. In particular, this implies that the corresponding functions are not a basis for the space of nonpooled DCB-splines. N2 - Univariate Splines können nicht unmittelbar auf mehrere Dimensionen verallgemeinert werden. Jedoch gibt es verschiedene Ansätze mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Vor- und Nachteilen. Eine vielversprechende Herangehensweise, die Delaunay-Konfigurationen und Simplex-Splines verwendet, stammt von Neamtu. Nachdem wir die Grundlagen von univariaten Splines, Simplex-Splines und den bekannten multivariaten DMS-Splines wiederholt haben, beschäftigen wir uns mit Neamtus DCB-Splines. Er führte zwei verschiedene Varianten ein, die als nichtaggregierter beziehungsweise aggregierter Ansatz bezeichnet werden. In Bezug auf diese Splineräume präsentieren wir die folgenden Ergebnisse. Wir zeigen zum einen, dass beide Varianten unter geeigneten Voraussetzungen an die Knotenmenge die sogenannte Lokale-Endlichkeits-Eigenschaft besitzen. Dies bedeutet, dass die Splineräume lokal endlichdimensional sind und dass an jedem Punkt nur eine endliche Anzahl der Kandidaten an Basisfunktionen einen von null verschiedenen Wert aufweist. Zusätzlich ermitteln wir ein Kriterium, welches diese Eigenschaften auf einem kompakten Gebiet auch unter schwächeren Voraussetzungen garantiert. Darüber hinaus zeigen wir, dass der von den univariaten Splines her bekannte Prozess des Knoteneinfügens für DCB-Splines nicht funktioniert, und begründen, warum dieses Verhalten in der Natur dieser Splineräume liegt. Außerdem geben wir ein notwendiges Kriterium dafür an, dass die Knoteneinfüge-Eigenschaft für einen bestimmten einzufügenden Knoten gegeben sein kann. Für bivariate nicht-aggregierte DCB-Splines von Grad null und eins ist dieses Kriterium auch hinreichend. Numerische Experimente legen ferner die Vermutung nahe, dass dies unabhängig vom Splinegrad der Fall ist. Univariate Funktionen können mithilfe des Schoenberg-Operators durch Splines approximiert werden. Dabei hat eine Verringerung des maximalen Abstands zweier aufeinanderfolgender Knoten eine quadratische Verringerung des Approximationsfehlers zur Folge. Wir zeigen, dass der Schoenberg-Operator für beide Variaten von DCB-Splines auf analoge Art und Weise und mit einer ähnlichen Fehlerschranke definiert werden kann. Zusätzlich geben wir ein Gegenbeispiel an, das zeigt, dass die Basisfunktions-Kandidaten der nicht-aggregierten DCB-Splines nicht notwendigerweise linear unabhängig sind, was einen Gegensatz zu früheren Behauptungen in der Literatur darstellt. Dies impliziert insbesondere, dass die entsprechenden Funktionen keine Basis für den Raum der nicht-aggregierten DCB-Splines bilden. KW - Multivariate splines KW - Simplex splines KW - Delaunay triangulations KW - Delaunay configurations KW - Neamtu, Marian KW - Spline KW - Bivariater Spline KW - Spline-Raum KW - Simplexspline KW - Neamtu, Marian Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11225 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mini, Tobias T1 - An Exploration of Tensions in Centralized and Decentralized Digital Platform Contexts N2 - Digital platforms consist of technical elements such as software and hardware and associated social elements such as organizational processes and standards. When such social or technical elements seem logical individually but inconsistent when juxtaposed they form tensions. Prior research on platforms often focused on individual elements of digital platforms but neglected possible related and conflicting elements which offers limited insight about underlying tensions. While some studies on platforms considered tensions, they largely assumed that centralized platform owners being responsible for responding to tensions, neglecting collective response mechanisms in blockchain-based decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) where decentralized participants typically respond to tensions. The examination of tensions in the context of centralized platforms and decentralized autonomous organizations offers an opportunity to surface conflicting elements that form novel types of socio-technical tensions which require collective and technology-enabled response mechanisms. This thesis explored what tensions exist in centralized and decentralized digital platform contexts and how platform participants can respond to selected tensions. For this purpose, this thesis comprises five essays that employ multiple different research methods including interviews analyzed by using techniques of grounded theory, qualitative meta-analysis of published case studies, and systematic literature reviews. The findings derived from all five essays contribute to a better understanding of tensions in digital platforms. In particular, this thesis (1) offers a lens for analyzing platforms as collective organizations in which tensions arise at the collective meta-organizational level requiring collective responses, (2) identifies new tensions and response mechanisms related to generativity and collectivity, and (3) points to a novel category of socio-technical tensions that are especially salient in digital platforms. KW - Digital Platform KW - Decentralized Autonomous Organization KW - Tension KW - Grounded Theory Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11322 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sieber, Andrea A1 - Siwek, Julia T1 - Parzival, multimodal. Digitale Zugänge zu illustrierten Parzival-Handschriften N2 - Der Beitrag „Parzival, multimodal. Digitale Zugänge zu illustrierten Parzival-Handschriften“ von Andrea Sieber und Julia Siwek widmet sich an der Schnittstelle von fachwissenschaftlicher Expertise und kompetenzorientierter Anwendung digitalen Zugängen zu illustrierten Parzival-Handschriften. Er analysiert die multimodalen Besonderheiten der Digitalisate und zeigt auf, wie diese in einem digitalen Lehr-Lern-Medium im H5P-Format für die Förderung multimodaler Kompetenz eingesetzt werden können. T3 - Schriften zur Kultur- und Mediensemiotik | Online - 12 Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11779 SN - 2364-9224 SP - 257 EP - 296 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dick, Mirjam E. T1 - Multimodale Prompts als zielscharfe hochschuldidaktische Lehr-Lernelemente. Implikationen aus der Deutschlehrkräftebildung zu einer ‚neuen Medialität‘ N2 - Der Beitrag „Multimodale Prompts als zielscharfe hochschuldidaktische Lehr-Lernelemente. Implikationen aus der Deutschlehrkräftebildung zu einer ‚neuen Medialität‘“ von Mirjam Dick erläutert aus deutschdidaktischer Perspektive am Beispiel des Medienverbunds ‚Märchen‘, wie semiotische Strategien im Umgang mit multimodalen Texten in Lehr-Lernsituationen angewendet werden können. Die Ergebnisse werden für die Lehrkräftebildung wirksam gemacht, indem aufzeigt wird, welche Rolle eine multimodal literacy im Umgang mit multimodalen Texten spielt. T3 - Schriften zur Kultur- und Mediensemiotik | Online - 12 Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11790 SN - 2364-9224 SP - 327 EP - 354 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlintl, Magdalena A1 - Pissarek, Markus T1 - Multimodalität im Literaturunterricht N2 - Der Beitrag „Multimodalität im Literaturunterricht“ von Magdalena Schlintl und Markus Pissarek beleuchtet, wie multimodale, literarische und nicht-literarische Texte zum Erwerb von prozeduralem Handlungswissen im Bereich der semiotisch fundierten Textanalyse und -interpretation beitragen. Neben der multimodalen Transferfähigkeit zeigt er grundlegend auf, welche Relevanz das Phänomen Multimodalität als Unterrichtsmedium, Unterrichtsgegenstand und Unterstützungsinstrument im Deutschunterricht hat. T3 - Schriften zur Kultur- und Mediensemiotik | Online - 12 Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11780 SN - 2364-9224 SP - 297 EP - 326 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anagnostopoulos, Nikolaos Athanasios A1 - Teymuri, Benyamin A1 - Serati, Reza A1 - Rasti, Mehdi ED - Xie, Bin ED - Wang, Ning ED - Gu, Yi ED - Stefanidis, Angelos T1 - LP-MAB: Improving the Energy Efficiency of LoRaWAN Using a Reinforcement-Learning-Based Adaptive Configuration Algorithm JF - Sensors N2 - In the Internet of Things (IoT), Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) are designed to provide low energy consumption while maintaining a long communications’ range for End Devices (EDs). LoRa is a communication protocol that can cover a wide range with low energy consumption. To evaluate the efficiency of the LoRa Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN), three criteria can be considered, namely, the Packet Delivery Rate (PDR), Energy Consumption (EC), and coverage area. A set of transmission parameters have to be configured to establish a communication link. These parameters can affect the data rate, noise resistance, receiver sensitivity, and EC. The Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) algorithm is a mechanism to configure the transmission parameters of EDs aiming to improve the PDR. Therefore, we introduce a new algorithm using the Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) technique, to configure the EDs’ transmission parameters in a centralized manner on the Network Server (NS) side, while improving the EC, too. The performance of the proposed algorithm, the Low-Power Multi-Armed Bandit (LP-MAB), is evaluated through simulation results and is compared with other approaches in different scenarios. The simulation results indicate that the LP-MAB’s EC outperforms other algorithms while maintaining a relatively high PDR in various circumstances. KW - Internet of Things (IoT) KW - LoRaWAN KW - adaptive configuration KW - machine learning KW - reinforcement learning Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11853 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 23 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Switzerland ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voigt, Brigitte T1 - EU regulation of gene-edited plants — A reform proposal JF - Frontiers in Genome Editing N2 - This article presents a proposal on how the European Union’s regulatory framework on genetically modified (GM) plants should be reformed in light of recent developments in genomic plant breeding techniques. The reform involves a three-tier system reflecting the genetic changes and resulting traits of GM plants. The article is intended to contribute to the ongoing debate over how best to regulate plant gene editing techniques in the EU. KW - gene editing KW - reform KW - EU regulation KW - genetically modified plant KW - new genomic techniques Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11849 SN - 2673-3439 VL - 5 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. CY - Lausanne, Switzerland ER - TY - THES A1 - Stier, Julian T1 - Structure of Artificial Neural Networks : Empirical Investigations N2 - Within one decade, Deep Learning overtook the dominating solution methods of countless problems of artificial intelligence. "Deep" refers to the deep architectures with operations in manifolds of which there are no immediate observations. For these deep architectures some kind of structure is pre-defined -- but what is this structure? With a formal definition for structures of neural networks, neural architecture search problems and solution methods can be formulated under a common framework. Both practical and theoretical questions arise from closing the gap between applied neural architecture search and learning theory. Does structure make a difference or can it be chosen arbitrarily? This work is concerned with deep structures of artificial neural networks and examines automatic construction methods under empirical principles to shed light on to the so called ``black-box models''. Our contributions include a formulation of graph-induced neural networks that is used to pose optimisation problems for neural architecture. We analyse structural properties for different neural network objectives such as correctness, robustness or energy consumption and discuss how structure affects them. Selected automation methods for neural architecture optimisation problems are discussed and empirically analysed. With the insights gained from formalising graph-induced neural networks, analysing structural properties and comparing the applicability of neural architecture search methods qualitatively and quantitatively we advance these methods in two ways. First, new predictive models are presented for replacing computationally expensive evaluation schemes, and second, new generative models for informed sampling during neural architecture search are analysed and discussed. KW - neural architecture KW - deep learning KW - graph induced neural networks Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14968 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hauke, Alexandra T1 - Ecofeminism and the Gothic Archives of American Folk Horror : Shadows of the Anthropos N2 - This study explores American folk horror as a mode of inquiry into the literary, cultural, filmic, ecological, and political histories of the United States. By using ecofeminist theory to read American folk horror against its roots in the frontier gothic, a genre concerned with the realities and afterlives of American settler colonialism, in turn inextricably linked with the U.S.' founding myths and national narratives that developed since the arrival of the first European settlers, my approach uncovers the dual and simultaneous exploitation of women and nature since 1492, focusing on the ways human and non-human Others continue to be at the mercy of anthropocentric and capitalocentric systems. American folk horror as genre, and the frontier gothic as its archive, allows us to see the ways American founding narratives serve as and word like folklore, contributing to the perpetuation of discrimination against underprivileged groups, especially those who are seen as nature, like women. This book offers a lengthy theorization of the genre as well as both ecofeminist readings of select texts of American folk horror (Darren Aronofsky's mother!, Shirley Jackson's We Have Always Lived in the Castle, Robert Eggers's The VVitch: A New-England Folktale) and a first discussion of a potential corpus of the genre ranging from frontier gothic literature and contemporary film to video games of the 2020s. KW - ecofeminism KW - frontier gothic KW - American folk horror KW - Anthropocene KW - settler colonialism KW - Ökofeminismus KW - Folk-Horror KW - Gothic novel KW - Amerikaforschung Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14768 ER - TY - THES A1 - Juhos, Michael T1 - Probabilistic and geometric aspects of classical and non-commutative lp-type spaces in high dimensions N2 - This cumulative dissertation contains selected contributions to the field of asymptotic geometric analysis and high-dimensional probability. It is divided into two chapters: Chapter 1 explains some of the necessary theoretical background. In Section 1.1 it first gives a very concise history of asymptotic geometric analysis in general and then of the objects under study in particular, setting out some cornerstones in the discovery of the functional-analytic, geometric, and probabilistic properties of the spaces under consideration. The next section (1.2) gives the precise definitions and very basic properties of the three lp-type spaces that play a role in the contributed articles: the classical lp-sequence spaces, the mixed-norm sequence spaces, and the Schatten-classes Sp, each in its infinite- and finite-dimensional version. Section 1.3 is dedicated to the interplay between geometry and probability, expounding the general idea, introducing a few of the common tools, and exemplifying these on two kinds of limit theorems: Schechtman-Schmuckenschläger-type results and Poincaré-Maxwell-Borel lemmas. The first chapter concludes with Section 1.4, addressing a small sample of open questions pertaining to the contributed articles which are not answered in said articles and may be the interest of future research. The entirety of Chapter 2 consists of the contributed articles. N2 - Diese kumulative Dissertation enthält ausgewählte Beiträge zum Gebiet der asymptotischen geometrischen Analyse und der hochdimensionalen Wahrscheinlichkeit. Sie ist in zwei Kapitel geteilt: Kapitel 1 erklärt ein wenig des notwendigen theoretischen Hintergrunds. Abschnitt 1.1 bringt eine sehr kurz gefasste Geschichte der asymptotischen geometrischen Analyse im Allgemeinen und der Studienobjekte im Speziellen und legt einige Eckpunkte der Entdeckung der funktionalanalytischen, geometrischen und probabilistischen Eigenschaften der betrachteten Räume dar. Der nächste Abschnitt (1.2) gibt die genauen Definitionen und sehr grundlegenden Eigenschaften jener drei lp-artigen Räume, die in den beigetragenen Artikeln eine Rolle spielen: die klassischen lp-Folgenräume, die Folgenräume mit gemischter Norm und die Schattenklassen Sp, jeweils in der unendlich- und der endlichdimensionalen Version. Abschnitt 1.3 ist dem Zusammenspiel von Geometrie und Wahrscheinlichkeit gewidmet, er erörtert die allgemeine Idee, stellt einige der gebräuchlichen Werkzeuge vor und gibt zwei Beispiele von Grenzwertsätzen dazu: Schechtman-Schmuckenschläger-artige Ergebnisse und Poincaré-Maxwell-Borel-Lemmas. Das erste Kapitel schließt mit Abschnitt 1.4, der einen kleinen Satz von offenen Fragen anspricht, die zu den beigetragenen Artikeln gehören, darin aber nicht beantwortet werden und die das Interesse künftiger Forschung sein mögen. Kapitel 2 besteht zur Gänze aus den beigetragenen Artikeln. KW - functional analysis KW - asymptotic geometric analysis KW - limit theorems KW - lp-space KW - Schatten class Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14857 ER - TY - THES A1 - Auer, Michael T1 - Improving Automated Android Test Generation N2 - Mobile apps are nowadays the preferred means to accomplish ubiquitous tasks like messaging, e-commerce and even playing games. Often, there exist multiple apps for the same purpose, and it is the choice of the end user to pick an appropriate app. Apps that behave unexpected, e.g., crash frequently, are sooner or later replaced, which isundesirable for the companies developing such apps. Thus, it is essential to tests apps properly before they are released onto the market. However, testing manually is often not only too cost-intensive but also too time-consuming in the short development phase, thus an automated solution is preferred. Testing mobile apps automatically received increased attention in the last decade from primarily people in academia, and several testing techniques evolved. One technique that yielded promising results, especially in different domains, is search-based software testing in which a metaheuristic, e.g., a genetic algorithm, is applied to solve an optimisation problem, e.g., test generation. A main objective of test generation is to produce tests that reveal as many faults as possible. This in turn requires the generation of tests that deeply explore the tested app. The core metric to quantify how much code tests cover is the measurement of code coverage, which can be computed at different levels of granularity ranging from determining the fraction of covered activities to a very fine-grained measurement that calculates the percentage of covered lines. This coverage information is then often used to guide the search of the employed metaheuristic. However, current automated test generation approaches produce tests with a rather low code coverage. Thus, a substantial part of tested apps remains unexplored, which in turn misses revealing deeply residing faults. We identified three core issues that are directly related to the generation of low-coverage tests. First, the applicability of current test generators is often limited. This comprises the fact that current state-of-the-art code coverage tools are incapable of instrumenting a substantial number of apps and consequently, test generators cannot utilise detailed coverage information during exploration. In addition, test generators are often only equipped with a primitive set of actions that are insufficient to simulate system events and complex user inputs. Second, the test execution is extremely time-consuming. This includes among other things the overhead associated with executing individual actions, intermediate restart operations as well as fitness evaluations. Since search-based algorithms require a substantial number of test executions to play out their strengths, the slow test execution impedes the effectiveness of the search. Third, the guidance offered by search-based algorithms is often hampered by applying inadequate fitness functions or by using non-representation-specific variation operators. In this thesis we address the problem of low-coverage tests in the Android domain by proposing several enhancements for the three identified core issues. Concerning the applicability problem, we provide the implementation of a robust code coverage tool that is capable of measuring coverage at different levels of granularity and requires no access to the source code. We also propose to include actions that can simulate system events as well as complex user inputs. Regarding the performance issue, we suggest the integration of a surrogate model that is capable of predicting the outcome of individual actions or complete tests over time in order to reduce the overall test execution costs. With respect to the lack of guidance offered by traditional search-based algorithms, we suggest alternative search strategies. In the case of a deceptive fitness landscape, we propose using novelty search algorithms. Alternatively, we suggest utilising estimation of distribution algorithms that require no crossover or mutation perators to sample new tests. While all those enhancements had a positive impact on the Android test generation process, the individual empirical studies highlighted that further research is necessary to unleash the full power of the proposed search-based algorithms. In particular, exploring complex user interfaces meaningfully requires more attention whether by introducing additional actions or by extracting valuable hints to infer reasonable text inputs. In addition, the guidance offered by fitness functions is often limited because they are either designed too coarse at all or do not accurately reflect the search objectives. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14955 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bohnenkämper, Ronja A1 - Fußeder, Christina A1 - Emmanouilidis, Georgios A1 - Emmert, Cornelia A1 - Haberger, Mathias A1 - Hartmann, Nils A1 - Hohlfeldt, Leonie A1 - Jäckel, Franziska A1 - Körber, Janina A1 - Listl, Johannes A1 - Ostendorp, Falk A1 - Pantaleon Osuna, Alvaro A1 - Steinmetzer, Luzie A1 - Thurl, Lena A1 - Ungruhe, Christian A1 - Wagener, Jonas A1 - Wehner, Stefanie ED - Ungruhe, Christian ED - Pantaleon Osuna, Alvaro ED - Wehner, Stefanie T1 - Socio-economic development and migration in rural Ghana : report from field research in Amedzofe, Volta Region N2 - Migration plays a significant role in Ghanaian society, particularly in rural areas where its impact is inextricably linked to socio-economic dynamics. In March 2023, a student field research field research project was conducted in Amedzofe as part of the international research project “Migration and Translocality in West Africa”, shedding light on various aspects of rural life through the lens of translocality. The field research aimed to address a wide range of topics related to rural livelihoods, focusing on migration and translocal aspects of everyday life. Six working groups embarked on a 10-day field research journey, employing mixed methods encompassing both quantitative and qualitative approaches. This extensive fieldwork followed a semester of intensive preparation, ensuring the thoroughness and depth of the study. The survey results were meticulously analysed and presented, providing valuable insights into the patterns, drivers and impacts of migration in the region. Additionally, the findings of the six working groups offered nuanced perspectives on various facets of rural life, including economic activities, social networks, cultural practices, education and gender aspects. This endeavour aims at fostering a deeper understanding of the complexities surrounding migration and translocality in rural Ghana. It is a testament to the dedication and vision of the late Prof. Dr. Malte Steinbrink, whose leadership and guidance were instrumental in the preparation and realisation of this study. T3 - Migration, translocality and development in times of climate change. Mitra|WA Working Paper Series - 3 KW - migration KW - translocality KW - agriculture KW - land use KW - housing KW - communication KW - education KW - gender KW - research-based learning Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14865 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petit, Albin A1 - Cerqueus, Thomas A1 - Boutet, Antoine A1 - Ben Mokhtar, Sonia A1 - Coquil, David A1 - Brunie, Lionel A1 - Kosch, Harald T1 - SimAttack: private web search under fire JF - Journal of Internet Services and Applications N2 - Web Search engines have become an indispensable online service to retrieve content on the Internet. However, using search engines raises serious privacy issues as the latter gather large amounts of data about individuals through their search queries. Two main techniques have been proposed to privately query search engines. A first category of approaches, called unlinkability, aims at disassociating the query and the identity of its requester. A second category of approaches, called indistinguishability, aims at hiding user’s queries or user’s interests by either obfuscating user’s queries, or forging new fake queries. This paper presents a study of the level of protection offered by three popular solutions: Tor-based, TrackMeNot, and GooPIR. For this purpose, we present an efficient and scalable attack – SimAttack – leveraging a similarity metric to capture the distance between preliminary information about the users (i.e., history of query) and a new query. SimAttack de-anonymizes up to 36.7 % of queries protected by an unlinkability solution (i.e., Tor-based), and identifies up to 45.3 and 51.6 % of queries protected by indistinguishability solutions (i.e., TrackMeNot and GooPIR, respectively). In addition, SimAttack de-anonymizes 6.7 % more queries than state-of-the-art attacks and dramatically improves the performance of the attack on TrackMeNot by 23.6 %, while retaining an execution time faster by two orders of magnitude. KW - Privacy KW - Web search KW - Unlinkability KW - Indistinguishability Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-3574 SN - 1869-0238 PB - SpringerOpen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Render, Anna A1 - Eisenbarth, Hedwig A1 - Oxner, Matt A1 - Jansen, Petra T1 - Arousal, interindividual differences and temporal binding a psychophysiological study JF - Psychological Research (ISSN: 1430-2772) N2 - The sense of agency varies as a function of arousal in negative emotional contexts. As yet, it is unknown whether the same is true for positive affect, and how inter-individual characteristics might predict these effects. Temporal binding, an implicit measure of the sense of agency, was measured in 59 participants before and after watching either an emotionally neutral film clip or a positive film clip with high or low arousal. Analyses included participants’ individual differences in subjective affective ratings, physiological arousal (pupillometry, skin conductance, heart rate), striatal dopamine levels via eye blink rates, and psychopathy. Linear mixed models showed that sexual arousal decreased temporal binding whereas calm pleasure had no facilitation effect on binding. Striatal dopamine levels were positively linked whereas subjective and physiological arousal may be negatively associated with binding towards actions. Psychopathic traits reduced the effect of high arousal on binding towards actions. These results provide evidence that individual differences influence the extent to which the temporal binding is affected by high arousing states with positive valence. KW - Sense of agency KW - Temporal binding KW - Arousal reactivity KW - Eye blink rates KW - Sexual arousal Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2410112103084.421385257281 SN - 0340-0727 SN - 1430-2772 VL - 88 IS - 5 SP - 1653 EP - 1677 PB - Springer Berlin Heidelberg CY - Berlin/Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lengler, Johannes A1 - Opris, Andre A1 - Sudholt, Dirk T1 - Analysing Equilibrium States for Population Diversity JF - Algorithmica (ISSN: 1432-0541) N2 - Population diversity is crucial in evolutionary algorithms as it helps with global exploration and facilitates the use of crossover. Despite many runtime analyses showing advantages of population diversity, we have no clear picture of how diversity evolves over time. We study how the population diversity of (μ+1)algorithms, measured by the sum of pairwise Hamming distances, evolves in a fitness-neutral environment. We give an exact formula for the drift of population diversity and show that it is driven towards an equilibrium state. Moreover, we bound the expected time for getting close to the equilibrium state. We find that these dynamics, including the location of the equilibrium, are unaffected by surprisingly many algorithmic choices. All unbiased mutation operators with the same expected number of bit flips have the same effect on the expected diversity. Many crossover operators have no effect at all, including all binary unbiased, respectful operators. We review crossover operators from the literature and identify crossovers that are neutral towards the evolution of diversity and crossovers that are not. KW - Evolutionary algorithms KW - Runtime analysis KW - Diversity KW - Population dynamics Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2406282100292.409184699704 SN - 0178-4617 SN - 1432-0541 VL - 86 IS - 7 SP - 2317 EP - 2351 PB - Springer US CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nieder, Jessica A1 - van de Vijver, Ruben A1 - Ussishkin, Adam T1 - Emerging Roots: Investigating Early Access to Meaning in Maltese Auditory Word Recognition JF - Cognitive Science (ISSN: 1551-6709) N2 - In Semitic languages, the consonantal root is central to morphology, linking form and meaning. While psycholinguistic studies highlight its importance in language processing, the role of meaning in early lexical access and its representation remain unclear. This study investigates when meaning becomes accessible during the processing of Maltese verb forms, using a computational model based on the Discriminative Lexicon framework. Our model effectively comprehends and produces Maltese verbs, while also predicting response times in a masked auditory priming experiment. Results show that meaning is accessible early in lexical access and becomes more prominent after the target word is fully processed. This suggests that semantic information plays a critical role from the initial stages of lexical access, refining our understanding of real‐time language comprehension. Our findings contribute to theories of lexical access and offer valuable insights for designing priming studies in psycholinguistics. Additionally, this study demonstrates the potential of computational models in investigating the relationship between form and meaning in language processing. KW - Maltese KW - Early lexical access KW - Meaning KW - Computational modeling Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-17638 SN - 0364-0213 SN - 1551-6709 VL - 48 IS - 11 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Daschner, Stefan A1 - Obermaier, Robert T1 - Do We Use Relatively Bad (Algorithmic) Advice? The Effects of Performance Feedback and Advice Representation on Advice Usage JF - Journal of Behavioral Decision Making (ISSN: 1099-0771) N2 - Algorithms are capable of advising human decision‐makers in an increasing number of management accounting tasks such as business forecasts. Due to expected potential of these (intelligent) algorithms, there are growing research efforts to explore ways how to boost algorithmic advice usage in forecasting tasks. However, algorithmic advice can also be erroneous. Yet, the risk of using relatively bad advice is largely ignored in this research stream. Therefore, we conduct two online experiments to examine this risk of using relatively bad advice in a forecasting task. In Experiment 1, we examine the influence of performance feedback (revealing previous relative advice quality) and source of advice on advice usage in business forecasts. The results indicate that the provision of performance feedback increases subsequent advice usage but also the usage of subsequent relatively bad advice. In Experiment 2, we investigate whether advice representation, that is, displaying forecast intervals instead of a point estimate, helps to calibrate advice usage towards relative advice quality. The results suggest that advice representation might be a potential countermeasure to the usage of relatively bad advice. However, the effect of this antidote weakens when forecast intervals become less informative. KW - confidence intervals KW - forecast KW - perfect automation schema KW - performance feedback KW - relatively bad advice KW - source of advice Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-17615 SN - 0894-3257 SN - 1099-0771 VL - 37 IS - 5 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vishnu Nampoothiri, Madhavan A1 - Entrop, Oliver A1 - Annamalai, Thillai Rajan T1 - Effect of mandatory sustainability performance disclosures on firm value: Evidence from listed European firms JF - Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management (ISSN: 1535-3966) N2 - Corporate Sustainability Performance (CSP) reporting is becoming increasingly important to investors who seek to identify and invest in companies that are managing their Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) risks effectively. The European Union's Non‐Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD), which was implemented in 2017, mandates that certain large companies must disclose their sustainability performance. This study examines the impact of the EU NFRD on the firm value of listed European firms using a difference‐in‐differences regression model. We find that the mandatory disclosure of corporate sustainability performance does not significantly affect firm value at an aggregate level. However, the results suggest minor inter‐industry differences, which can be attributed to varying sustainability performance metrics across industries. These findings contribute not only to the nascent literature on mandatory sustainability disclosures but also to the deliberations of policymakers and regulators across the world who are devising and implementing mandatory corporate sustainability performance disclosure regulations. KW - corporate social responsibility KW - ESG KW - firm value KW - mandatory disclosure KW - non‐financial reporting KW - sustainability Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-17620 SN - 1535-3958 SN - 1535-3966 VL - 31 IS - 6 SP - 5220 EP - 5235 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. CY - Chichester, UK ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulte, Lukas A1 - Ledel, Benjamin A1 - Herbold, Steffen T1 - Studying the explanations for the automated prediction of bug and non-bug issues using LIME and SHAP JF - Empirical Software Engineering (ISSN: 1573-7616) N2 - Context The identification of bugs within issues reported to an issue tracking system is crucial for triage. Machine learning models have shown promising results for this task. However, we have only limited knowledge of how such models identify bugs. Explainable AI methods like LIME and SHAP can be used to increase this knowledge. Objective We want to understand if explainable AI provides explanations that are reasonable to us as humans and align with our assumptions about the model’s decision-making. We also want to know if the quality of predictions is correlated with the quality of explanations. Methods We conduct a study where we rate LIME and SHAP explanations based on their quality of explaining the outcome of an issue type prediction model. For this, we rate the quality of the explanations, i.e., if they align with our expectations and help us understand the underlying machine learning model. Results We found that both LIME and SHAP give reasonable explanations and that correct predictions are well explained. Further, we found that SHAP outperforms LIME due to a lower ambiguity and a higher contextuality that can be attributed to the ability of the deep SHAP variant to capture sentence fragments. Conclusion We conclude that the model finds explainable signals for both bugs and non-bugs. Also, we recommend that research dealing with the quality of explanations for classification tasks reports and investigates rater agreement, since the rating of explanations is highly subjective. KW - Explainable AI KW - LIME KW - SHAP KW - Issue type prediction Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2409232103207.812648424894 SN - 1382-3256 SN - 1573-7616 VL - 29 IS - 4 PB - Springer US CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Donner, Eva Katharina A1 - Meißner, Annekatrin A1 - Bort, Suleika T1 - Moving from voluntary to mandatory sustainability reporting—Transparency in sustainable development goals (SDG) reporting: An analysis of Germany's largest MNCs JF - Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility (ISSN: 2694-6424) N2 - A growing number of multinational companies (MNCs) report on their progress toward contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in their annual reports, yet the amount and quality of the information they disclose varies significantly. The aim of this study is twofold: First, we investigate how transparent MNCs report on their SDG engagement and second, we study how the reported SDG engagement changed over time due to major shifts in sustainability reporting requirements. Using a dataset of the largest German MNCs, we analyze their disclosure of SDG contribution reporting practices. Our results show that, overall, between 2016 and 2021 all German MNCs increased their SDG reporting activity and that the MNCs adopted four different practices to report their SDG engagement. We also found that the largest MNCs were more transparent and systematic in their SDG reporting than smaller MNCs, whose reporting was more heterogeneous. Our study contributes to legitimacy research and the role of transparency in corporate reporting as well as the debates on the efficacy of sustainability reporting legislation in the context of SDG engagement. Our findings imply that regulations on environmental and social regulation increase the transparency of sustainability reporting. KW - multinational companies (MNCs) KW - sustainability reporting KW - transparency KW - UN sustainable development goals Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16527 SN - 2694-6416 SN - 2694-6424 VL - 34 IS - 3 SP - 900 EP - 911 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aistleitner, Christoph A1 - Frühwirth, Lorenz A1 - Prochno, Joscha T1 - Diophantine conditions in the law of the iterated logarithm for lacunary systems JF - Probability Theory and Related Fields (ISSN: 1432-2064) N2 - It is a classical observation that lacunary function systems exhibit many properties which are typical for systems of independent random variables. However, it had already been observed by Erdős and Fortet in the 1950s that probability theory’s limit theorems may fail for lacunary sums (sum f(n_k x)) if the sequence ((n_k)_{k ge 1}) has a strong arithmetic “structure”. The presence of such structure can be assessed in terms of the number of solutions k, l of two-term linear Diophantine equations (an_k - bn_l = c). As the first author proved with Berkes in 2010, saving an (arbitrarily small) unbounded factor for the number of solutions of such equations compared to the trivial upper bound, rules out pathological situations as in the Erdős–Fortet example, and guarantees that (sum f(n_k x)) satisfies the central limit theorem (CLT) in a form which is in accordance with true independence. In contrast, as shown by the first author, for the law of the iterated logarithm (LIL) the Diophantine condition which suffices to ensure “truly independent” behavior requires saving this factor of logarithmic order. In the present paper we show that, rather surprisingly, saving such a logarithmic factor is actually the optimal condition in the LIL case. This result reveals the remarkable fact that the arithmetic condition required of ((n_k)_{k ge 1}) to ensure that (sum f(n_k x)) shows “truly random” behavior is a different one at the level of the CLT than it is at the level of the LIL: the LIL requires a stronger arithmetic condition than the CLT does. KW - Lacunary trigonometric sums KW - Law of the iterated logarithm KW - Diophantine equations Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2406190937284.886045166092 SN - 0178-8051 SN - 1432-2064 VL - 192 IS - 1 SP - 545 EP - 574 PB - Springer CY - Berlin/Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beurskens, Michael A1 - Scherzinger, Stefanie T1 - Legal Perspectives on Research Data Storage JF - Datenbank-Spektrum (ISSN: 1618-2162) N2 - Responsibly managing research data has become increasingly important for researchers, especially within the database research community. Despite significant progress in best practices, the state-of-the-art in research data storage is lacking from a legal perspective. We introduce the stakeholders and the dynamic nature of their relationships (such as researchers changing affiliation) and observe that no existing infrastructure for research data storage fully meets their requirements. Therefore, we emphasize the need to design a comprehensive system architecture for research data storage that is aligned with legal considerations from the start, rather than as an afterthought. KW - Storage Contract KW - Copyright KW - Sui Generis Right KW - Privacy KW - Trade Secrets KW - Research Data Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2410012125227.647518861484 SN - 1618-2162 SN - 1610-1995 VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 85 EP - 95 PB - Springer CY - Berlin/Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Franke, Jan A1 - Heinrich, Florian A1 - Reisch, Raven T. T1 - Vision based process monitoring in wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) JF - Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing (ISSN: 1572-8145) N2 - A stable welding process is crucial to obtain high quality parts in wire arc additive manufacturing. The complexity of the process makes it inherently unstable, which can cause various defects, resulting in poor geometric accuracy and material properties. This demands for in-process monitoring and control mechanisms to industrialize the technology. In this work, process monitoring algorithms based on welding camera image analysis are presented. A neural network for semantic segmentation of the welding wire is used to monitor the working distance as well as the horizontal position of the wire during welding and classic image processing techniques are applied to capture spatter formation. Using these algorithms, the process stability is evaluated in real time and the analysis results enable the direction independent closed-loop-control of the manufacturing process. This significantly improves geometric fidelity as well as mechanical properties of the fabricated part and allows the automated production of parts with complex deposition paths including weld bead crossings, curvatures and overhang structures. KW - Wire arc additive manufacturing KW - Vision based monitoring KW - Machine learning KW - Nozzle-to-work distance monitoring KW - Contact tube wear off detection KW - Spatter detection Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2405052141549.085870766506 SN - 0956-5515 SN - 1572-8145 VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 1711 EP - 1721 PB - Springer US CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sinn, Johanna T1 - Grenzen aufopfernder Pflege T1 - On the limits of self-sacrifice in care relations BT - Ein Kommentar zu Hilge Landweer BT - A comment on Hilge Landweer JF - Zeitschrift für Ethik und Moralphilosophie (ISSN: 2522-0071) Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2408062121464.920156372049 SN - 2522-0071 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 281 EP - 284 PB - Springer CY - Berlin/Heidelberg ER - TY - BOOK ED - Hennemann, Moritz ED - Lewinski, Kai von ED - Wawra, Daniela ED - Widjaja, Thomas T1 - Data disclosure BT - global developments and perspectives T3 - Global and comparative data law (edited by Moritz Hennemann; Lea Katharina Kumkar; Linda Kuschel; Björn Steinrötter) KW - Personenbezogene Daten KW - Datenübermittlung KW - Datenschutz KW - Rechtsvergleich Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023031216403784842331 VL - 2023 IS - volume 2 PB - Walter de Gruyter CY - Berlin/Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rieger, Eva T1 - A Manchurian Candidate? The GOP’s Discourse on the Russian War in Ukraine T1 - Ein Manchurian-Kandidat? Der Diskurs der Republikanischen Partei zu Russlands Krieg in der Ukraine JF - Politische Vierteljahresschrift (ISSN: 1862-2860) N2 - The United States has a longstanding tradition regarding its overall foreign policy, in the form of a bipartisan consensus. This includes—among other things—maintaining alliances and curbing the influence of rivals (e.g., Russia). Since this consensus has been in place, traditionally the Republican Party (GOP) has been especially intent on a less cooperative and more containing or deterring stance towards Russia. With former U.S. President Donald Trump, we can see a turning point in this behaviour by the GOP. Trump’s obvious admiration for Russian president Putin and his statements about Putin being overly favourable, while simultaneously questioning NATO and the United States’ commitment to defend Eastern European partners, show a distinctive shift in the GOP’s discourse. This renunciation has subsequently been picked up by parts of the Republican Party, rendering the bipartisan consensus a contested issue. The full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 now constitutes an important external shock influencing said discursive shift. By drawing on discourse-bound identity theory and discourse analysis, the GOP’s discourse regarding Russia and NATO is expected to have (substantially) changed in a kind of Zeitenwende —back towards the bipartisan consensus. This article will, therefore, analyse the statements of prominent Republicans after the Russian invasion, compare them to Trump’s positions on these issues, and identify whether the invasion serves as a formative event that creates an overall shift in rhetoric and positions. N2 - Die USA haben eine langanhaltende Tradition in ihrer allgemeinen Außenpolitik, in Form des sog. „bipartisan consensus“. Darin enthalten sind u. a. das Erhalten von Allianzen und die Einschränkung des Einflusses von Rivalen (bspw. Russlands). Seit dieser Konsens existiert, verfolgen die Republikaner traditionellerweise einen weniger kooperativen, eher einhegenden und abschreckenden Kurs gegenüber Russland. Mit dem früheren US-Präsidenten Trump kann man hier eine Wende im Verhalten der Partei erkennen. Die Verschiebung des Republikanischen Diskurses zeigt sich klar mit seiner offensichtlichen Bewunderung für Russlands Präsident Putin und seinen lobenden Aussagen über diesen, während er die NATO und die Verteidigungspflicht gegenüber osteuropäischen Partnern hinterfragt. Diese Abkehr von früheren Positionen wurde daraufhin von Teilen der Republikanischen Partei übernommen, wodurch der bisherige „bipartisan consensus“ contestet wird. Die russische Invasion der Ukraine im Februar 2022 stellt hierbei nun einen entscheidenden externen Schock dar, der diesen diskursiven Wandel beeinflussen kann. Unter der Einbeziehung der diskursgebundenen Identitätstheorie und einer Diskursanalyse wird davon ausgegangen, dass sich der Republikanische Diskurs zu Russland und der NATO (erheblich) gewandelt hat – zurück zum „bipartisan consensus“ in einer Art Zeitenwende . Dafür werden in diesem Artikel Aussagen relevanter Republikaner:innen nach der russischen Invasion analysiert, mit den Positionen Trumps zu diesen Themen verglichen und festgestellt, ob es sich demnach um ein formatives Ereignis handelt, durch das ein genereller Wandel in Rhetorik und Einstellungen entsteht. KW - - KW - U.S. foreign policy discourse KW - Republican Party KW - NATO KW - Ukraine war KW - Bipartisan consensus KW - US-Außenpolitik Diskurs KW - Republikanische Partei KW - NATO KW - Ukraine-Krieg KW - Bipartisan consensus Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2411132119230.713822872360 SN - 0032-3470 SN - 1862-2860 VL - 66 IS - 1 SP - 77 EP - 99 PB - Springer Fachmedien CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andraschko, Bernhard A1 - Danner, Julian A1 - Kreuzer, Martin T1 - SAT Solving Using XOR-OR-AND Normal Forms JF - Mathematics in Computer Science (ISSN: 1661-8289) N2 - This paper introduces the XOR-OR-AND normal form (XNF) for logical formulas. It is a generalization of the well-known Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF) where literals are replaced by XORs of literals. As a first theoretic result, we show that every CNF formula is equisatisfiable to a formula in 2-XNF, i.e., a formula in XNF where each clause involves at most two XORs of literals. Subsequently, we present an algorithm which converts Boolean polynomials efficiently from their Algebraic Normal Form (ANF) to formulas in 2-XNF. Experiments with the cipher ASCON-128 show that cryptographic problems, which by design are based strongly on XOR-operations, can be represented using far fewer variables and clauses in 2-XNF than in CNF. In order to take advantage of this compact representation, new SAT solvers based on input formulas in 2-XNF need to be designed. By taking inspiration from graph-based 2-CNF SAT solving, we devise a new DPLL-based SAT solver for formulas in 2-XNF. Among others, we present advanced pre- and in-processing techniques. Finally, we give timings for random 2-XNF instances and instances related to key recovery attacks on round reduced ASCON-128, where our solver outperforms state-of-the-art alternative solving approaches. KW - - KW - SAT solving KW - XOR constraint KW - Algebraic normal form KW - Implication graph KW - Cryptographic attack KW - 03B70 KW - 13P15 KW - 05C90 KW - 94A60 Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2502242130589.859216082138 SN - 1661-8270 SN - 1661-8289 VL - 18 IS - 4 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinrich, Horst-Alfred T1 - Partizipationsvorstellungen von Bürger:innen: Eine explorative Anwendung der Draw&Write-Technik als Survey-Instrument T1 - Citizens’ ideas of participation: using the Draw&Write technique as a survey tool JF - Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft (ISSN: 2366-2638) N2 - In einer bayernweiten postalischen Umfrage wurden unter Anwendung der Draw&Write -Technik die Zielpersonen gebeten, ihre Vorstellung von Demokratie zu zeichnen. Eine Bildtypenanalyse ergab zwar, dass die Bilder im erhobenen Datensatz die große Bedeutung bestätigen, die der Wahl in der Demokratie zukommt. Doch führt die in diesem Bereich neue Methode zu beachtlichen Differenzen verglichen mit den Ergebnissen standardisierter Umfragen. Der Mehrwert der Draw&Write -Technik zeigt sich darin, dass das Datenmaterial nicht nur die bekannten Kategorien der repräsentativen, direktdemokratischen, deliberativen oder demonstrativen Beteiligung spiegelt. Ein Teil der Zeichnungen wurde zwei weiteren Kategorien zugeordnet: 1) Klagen über empfundene Ohnmacht und Einflusslosigkeit angesichts eines repräsentativen Herrschaftssystems sowie 2) Appelle an Konsensfähigkeit und die Bereitschaft zur Verantwortungsübernahme als Bedingungen, die die Bürger:innen erfüllen müssen, wenn Beteiligung am politischen Prozess gelingen soll. Weiterhin ist das Ergebnis von großem Wert, weil das Zeichnen im Rahmen eines postalischen Surveys genutzt wurde. Ein Bias besteht lediglich hinsichtlich der Bildungsvariable, was aber auch bei der Anwendung offener Fragen zu erwarten wäre. N2 - In a Bavaria-wide postal survey, the target persons were asked to draw their idea of democracy using the Draw&Write technique. An image type analysis showed that the images in the collected data set confirm the great importance attached to voting in a democracy. However, the new method used in this area leads to considerable differences compared to the results of standardised surveys. The added value of the Draw&Write technique is demonstrated by the fact that the data material not only reflects the familiar categories of representative, direct-democratic, deliberative or demonstrative participation. Some of the drawings were assigned to two further categories: 1) complaints about perceived powerlessness and lack of influence in the face of a representative system of rule and 2) appeals for consensus and a willingness to take responsibility as conditions that citizens must fulfil if participation in the political process is to succeed. Furthermore, the result is of great value because the drawing task was used as part of a postal survey. There is only a bias with regard to the education variable, but this is also to be expected when using open-ended questions. KW - - KW - Draw&Write-Technik KW - Bildtypenanalyse KW - Partizipation KW - Surveyforschung KW - Draw&write technique KW - Image type analysis KW - Participation KW - Survey research Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2412202107197.782688552245 SN - 1430-6387 SN - 2366-2638 VL - 34 IS - 3 SP - 425 EP - 445 PB - Springer Fachmedien CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goerigk, Marc A1 - Khosravi, Mohammad T1 - Robust combinatorial optimization problems under budgeted interdiction uncertainty JF - OR Spectrum (ISSN: 1436-6304) N2 - In robust combinatorial optimization, we would like to find a solution that performs well under all realizations of an uncertainty set of possible parameter values. How we model this uncertainty set has a decisive influence on the complexity of the corresponding robust problem. For this reason, budgeted uncertainty sets are often studied, as they enable us to decompose the robust problem into easier subproblems. We propose a variant of discrete budgeted uncertainty for cardinality-based constraints or objectives, where a weight vector is applied to the budget constraint. We show that while the adversarial problem can be solved in linear time, the robust problem becomes NP-hard and not approximable. We discuss different possibilities to model the robust problem and show experimentally that despite the hardness result, some models scale relatively well in the problem size. KW - - KW - Robust optimization KW - Combinatorial optimization KW - Budgeted uncertainty KW - Knapsack uncertainty Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2408131120370.349068848723 SN - 0171-6468 SN - 1436-6304 VL - 47 IS - 1 SP - 255 EP - 285 PB - Springer CY - Berlin/Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kosch, Harald A1 - Brunie, Lionel A1 - Mayer, Tobias A1 - Hasan, Omar A1 - Schiedermeier, Maximilian T1 - Anonymous voting using distributed ledger-assisted secure multi-party computation JF - Applied Network Science N2 - High voter turnout in elections and referendums is desirable to ensure a robust democracy. Secure electronic voting is a vision for the future of elections and referendums. Such a system can counteract factors hindering strong voter turnout such as the requirement of physical presence during limited hours at polling stations. However, this vision brings transparency and confidentiality requirements that render the design of such solutions challenging. Specifically, the counting implementation must support reproducibility, and the choice of individual voters must remain confidential. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a novel referendum protocol that ensures transparency, confidentiality, and integrity, in trustless networks. The protocol is built by combining secure multi-party computation and distributed ledger technology, e.g., a Blockchain. The persistence and immutability of the protocol communication allow verifiability of the referendum outcome by any participant. Voters therefore do not need to trust third parties. We provide a formal description and conduct a thorough security evaluation of our proposal. KW - E-voting KW - Distributed ledger KW - Trustless networks KW - Transparency Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15176 VL - 2024 IS - 9 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham (Schweiz) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghodselahi, Abdolhamid A1 - Kuhn, Fabian T1 - Toward Online Mobile Facility Location on General Metrics JF - Theory of Computing Systems N2 - We introduce an online variant of mobile facility location (MFL) (introduced by Demaine et al. (SODA 258–267 2007)). We call this new problem online mobile facility location (OMFL). In the OMFL problem, initially, we are given a set of k mobile facilities with their starting locations. One by one, requests are added. After each request arrives, one can make some changes to the facility locations before the subsequent request arrives. Each request is always assigned to the nearest facility. The cost of this assignment is the distance from the request to the facility. The objective is to minimize the total cost, which consists of the relocation cost of facilities and the distance cost of requests to their nearest facilities. We provide a lower bound for the OMFL problem that even holds on uniform metrics. A natural approach to solve the OMFL problem for general metric spaces is to utilize hierarchically well-separated trees (HSTs) and directly solve the OMFL problem on HSTs. In this paper, we provide the first step in this direction by solving a generalized variant of the OMFL problem on uniform metrics that we call G-OMFL. We devise a simple deterministic online algorithm and provide a tight analysis for the algorithm. The second step remains an open question. Inspired by the k-server problem, we introduce a new variant of the OMFL problem that focuses solely on minimizing movement cost. We refer to this variant as M-OMFL. Additionally, we provide a lower bound for M-OMFL that is applicable even on uniform metrics. KW - Mobile resources KW - Online requests KW - Competitive analysis KW - General cost function KW - Movement minimization Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024022609363705445898 VL - 67 IS - 6 SP - 1268 EP - 1306 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rensmann, Lars T1 - Illusions of sovereignty : understanding populist crowds with Hannah Arendt JF - The Review of Politics N2 - This article reconstructs Hannah Arendt's theoretical arguments in relation to current authoritarian-populist crowds, which can be understood as organized mobs of the twenty-first century. Drawn from all classes and originating in societal and political disenfranchisement, in Arendt's understanding they are rebellious nihilists who falsely believe they represent the people as a whole while they exclude any citizens who do not share their tribal nationalism and leader worshiping. Illuminating conditions of their emergence, Arendt also helps to elucidate what drives the populist crowds’ illusions about an uncompromising “sovereign will” they and their leaders claim to embody. Such illusions benefit from broader modern trends eroding differences between facts, opinion, truth, and lies. In public environments suffering from destabilized factual truths, organized lies can easily fill a political vacuum generated by crises of political modernity. Unpacking interrelated theoretical trajectories, it is argued that an Arendtian framework can significantly contribute to the study of present-day authoritarian populism. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16400 VL - 85 IS - 4 SP - 450 EP - 473 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kravets, Daria A1 - Ryzhova, Anna A1 - Toepfl, Florian A1 - Beseler, Arista T1 - Different platforms, different plots? The Kremlin-controlled search engine Yandex as a resource for Russia’s informational influence in Belarus during the COVID-19 pandemic JF - Journalism N2 - Extant research demonstrated that the algorithms of the Kremlin-controlled search engine Yandex, compared to those of its US-based counterpart Google, frequently produce results that are biased toward the interests of Russia’s ruling elites. Prior research, however, audited Yandex’s algorithms largely within Russia. In contrast, this study is the first to assess the role of Yandex’s web search algorithms as a resource for Russia’s informational influence abroad. To do so, we conduct a comparative algorithm audit of Google and Yandex in Belarus, examining the visibility and narratives of COVID-19-related conspiracy theories in their search results. By manually analysing the content of 1320 search results collected in mid-April to mid-May 2020, we find that, compared with Google, (1) Yandex retrieves significantly more conspiratorial content (2) that close to exclusively suspects US plotters to be behind the pandemic, even though the virus spread from the Chinese city of Wuhan across the globe. KW - Search engines KW - conspiracy theories KW - Yandex KW - Google KW - Russia KW - foreign influence Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16430 VL - 24 IS - 12 SP - 2762 EP - 2780 PB - Sage CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kägler, Britta A1 - Schreiner, Eva-Maria T1 - Women, opera and the public stage in eighteenth-century Venice : Fondazione Levi, Venice, 23–24 May 2022 JF - Eighteenth-Century Music Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16410 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 116 EP - 119 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - THES A1 - Ziegler, Petra T1 - Subjektives Wohlbefinden von Studierenden - Einflussfaktoren auf das subjektive Wohlbefinden und Zusammenhänge mit der Studienabbruchsintention N2 - Die Arbeit besteht aus drei empirischen Studien, die als übergeordnete Forschungsfragen untersuchen sollten, welche signifikanten Prädiktoren das subjektive Wohlbefinden bei Studierenden beeinflussen können und zum anderen klären sollte, ob das subjektive Wohlbefinden in einem Zusammenhang mit der Studienabbruchsintention steht. Jede Studie baute auf den Hauptprädiktoren Persönlichkeit, Selbstkonzept und soziale Integration auf und hatte zugleich noch einen spezifischen Aspekt, der sich von Studie zu Studie änderte. In der ersten Studie wurde als zusätzliche Variable der Identitätsstatus betrachtet. An dieser Erhebung nahmen Studierende ab dem zweiten Semester teil und sie wurde im Querschnitt durchgeführt. Die zentralen Ergebnisse waren hinsichtlich des subjektiven Wohlbefindens die Bedeutung von Neurotizismus, Extraversion, dem Selbstkonzept der allgemeinen Problemlösung und die deutlich unterschiedlichen Ergebnisse zwischen Frauen und Männern. So hatte bei den Studentinnen vor allem Neurotizismus einen Einfluss und bei Männern hingegen die Extraversion. Hinsichtlich der Studienabbruchsintention zeigte sich ein vollständiger Mediatoreffekt zwischen der sozialen Eingebundenheit und der Studienabbruchsintention mit dem subjektiven Wohlbefinden als Mediator. Im Pfadmodell zeigte sich allerdings kein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen dem subjektiven Wohlbefinden und der Studienabbruchsintention. In der zweiten Studie lag der Fokus auf Studierenden im ersten Semester in einer Längsschnittuntersuchung und spezifizierte sich auf Aspekte der Motivation, die allerdings keine Zusammenhänge zeigten. Auch hier gab es einen vollständigen Mediatoreffekt des subjektiven Wohlbefindens hinsichtlich des Regressionspfades zwischen sozialer Integration und Studienabbruchsintention. Die dritte Studie legte den Schwerpunkt auf die Bedeutung der Grundbedürfnisse nach Deci & Ryan (2000) und die Emotionsregulationsstrategien Neubewertung und Unterdrückung. Die Teilnehmenden waren Studierende ab dem zweiten Semester, die im Längsschnitt befragt wurden. Beim ersten Messzeitpunkt während des Semesters waren das Autonomieerleben, Neurotizismus und das Selbstkonzept der allgemeinen Problemlösung signifikante Prädiktoren des subjektiven Wohlbefindens, beim zweiten Messzeitpunkt war der einzige, signifikante Prädiktor im Pfadmodell die Persönlichkeitsdimension Verträglichkeit. Zwischen dem subjektiven Wohlbefinden und der Studienabbruchsintention zeigte sich ein signifikanter Zusammenhang. T2 - Subjective Well-being – effects on subjective well-being and the relationship to the university students’ intention to dropout KW - Subjektives Wohlbefinden KW - subjective well-being KW - Studienabbruchsintention KW - university students’ intention to dropout KW - Persönlichkeit, personality KW - Wohlbefinden KW - Well-being Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-8001 ER - TY - THES A1 - Luzsa, Robert T1 - A Psychological and Empirical Investigation of the Online Echo Chamber Phenomenon N2 - In the public debate it is often assumed that communication in so-called “Echo Chambers” - online structures in which like-minded people share mostly messages that confirm their mutual, shared attitudes - can lead to negative outcomes such as increased societal polarization between groups holding opposing beliefs. This thesis aimed to examine this assumption from a psychological perspective and substantiate it empirically. First, based on existing research and psychological theories, a working definition of Echo Chambers was formulated, that highlights two key factors: Selective Exposure to attitudinally congruent messages and communication in homogeneous networks. Then, three studies were conducted to test links between these factors and two individual-level outcomes that are associated to subjects’ actual behavior: Their False Consensus, that is, how strongly subjects perceive the public in agreement with their own attitudes, and their Intergroup Bias, which reflects to which degree subjects’ identify as members of an in-group that is in conflict with negatively perceived out-groups. The studies employed questionnaire-based, experimental, as well as real-word data driven approaches. Overall, they confirm that exposure to Echo Chamber-like online structures can indeed lead to a more favorably distorted perception of public opinions and to more signs of Intergroup Bias in subjects’ communicational style. Thus, the thesis provides first psychologically founded empirical evidence for effects of online Echo Chamber exposure on behavior-related individual-level outcomes. The results can serve as a basis for further research as well as for the discussion of possible strategies to counter negative effects of online Echo Chambers. KW - False Consensus KW - Echo Chamber KW - Psychology KW - Falscher Konsensus-Effekt KW - Psychologie Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-7419 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wagner, Marlene T1 - Effectiveness of Flipped Classroom Instruction in Secondary Education T1 - Wirksamkeit des Flipped-Classroom-Konzepts in der Sekundarstufe N2 - Research on flipped classroom instruction has substantially advanced in the past ten years. Flipped classroom refers to an instructional approach in which students study educational videos at home and do homework assignments in class. Since an increasing number of teachers wants to adopt the flipped classroom approach in their practice, further research—particularly in the context of secondary education—is clearly required. The two presented studies in this thesis aimed at examining the effectiveness of flipped classroom instruction in secondary education by conducting a meta-analytic synthesis of prior studies and an intervention study with a methodologically new approach. Specifically, the studies investigated whether and under which conditions the flipped classroom approach has a positive impact on student achievement and which learners benefit most from a flipped or video-based classroom. In the first study, meta-analytic methods were used to examine whether the flipped classroom approach, after controlling for sampling error, positively effects student achievement in secondary education. Effect sizes were calculated for the research designs pre-test-post-test (Time), post-test only (PostOnly) and pre-test-post-test with control group (Treatment). Moreover, the impact of four moderator variables as boundary conditions of flipped classroom effectiveness was estimated: disciplinary field, length of the intervention, use of a quiz and use of a learning management system. The meta-analytical findings for the effect size Treatment confirmed the effectiveness of flipped classroom on student achievement in comparison to traditional instruction (Cohen’s d = 0.42). Moderator analyses on the effect size Time showed stronger effects for subjects in the STEM area (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) than for foreign languages and humanities. The effect sizes were also higher for shorter intervention studies than for longer ones and if quiz at home had been left out. Moderator analyses on the effect sizes PostOnly and Treatment made clear that the effect sizes for intervention studies without a learning management system were higher than with a learning management system. The second study aimed to compare flipped classroom with other forms of video-based instruction and determine which types of students benefit most from video-based instruction. Thirty-eight school classes with 848 ninth-grade students took part in a quasi-experimental pre-post-test intervention study over the course of four weeks. Two independent variables were completely crossed resulting in four experimental conditions: video (at home vs. in class) and instructional method (student-centred vs. teacher-centred). Multilevel analyses revealed that all four experimental conditions were equally effective in promoting students’ learning gains. At-risk, average and excellent students profited least from video-based instruction. Confident and independent students had the highest learning gains from pre- to post-test. The study constitutes a first step towards a comprehensive evaluation of flipped classroom by using a better-controlled research design and may contribute to a more objective discussion about the positive effects of flipped classroom. N2 - Die Forschung zum Unterrichtskonzept „Flipped Classroom“ hat in den letzten zehn Jahren erhebliche Fortschritte gemacht. Flipped Classroom steht für einen Unterrichtsansatz, bei dem sich Schülerinnen und Schüler zuhause mithilfe von Erklärvideos neue Lerninhalte aneignen und im Unterricht anschließend dazu passende Aufgaben bearbeiten. Da immer mehr Lehrkräfte diesen Unterrichtsansatz in der Praxis anwenden möchten, sind weitere Forschungsarbeiten—insbesondere im Bereich der Sekundarstufe—notwendig. Die beiden in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Studien zielten darauf ab, die Wirksamkeit des Unterrichtskonzepts „Flipped Classroom“ im Sekundarbereich zu untersuchen, indem eine meta-analytische Synthese früherer Studien und eine Interventionsstudie mit einem methodisch neuen Ansatz durchgeführt wurden. In den Studien wurde insbesondere untersucht, ob und unter welchen Bedingungen sich der Flipped-Classroom-Ansatz positiv auf die Lernleistungen von Schülerinnen und Schüler auswirkt und welche Lernenden am meisten vom videobasierten Unterricht profitieren. In der ersten Studie wurden meta-analytische Methoden verwendet, um zu untersuchen, ob der Flipped-Classroom-Ansatz, nachdem eine Kontrolle des Stichprobenfehlers vorgenommen wurde, die Lernleistung von Schülerinnen und Schülern positiv beeinflusst. Die Effektstärken wurden für die Forschungsdesigns Vor-Test-Nach-Test („Zeit“), „nur Nach-Test“ und Vor-Test-Nach-Test mit Kontrollgruppe („Treatment“) berechnet. Darüber hinaus wurde der Einfluss von vier Moderatorvariablen als Randbedingungen für die Effektivität des Flipped-Classroom-Konzepts geschätzt: disziplinäres Feld, Dauer der Intervention, Verwendung eines Quiz und Verwendung eines Lernmanagementsystems. Die meta-analytischen Ergebnisse für die Effektstärke „Treatment“ bestätigten die Wirksamkeit des Flipped-Classroom-Konzepts auf die Lernleistung der Schülerinnen und Schüler im Vergleich zum traditionellen Unterricht (Cohen‘s d = 0.42). Moderatoranalysen der Effektstärken „Zeit“ zeigten stärkere Effekte für Fächer im MINT-Bereich (Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaften, Technik) als für fremdsprachliche und geisteswissenschaftliche Fächer. Die Effektstärken waren zudem bei kürzeren Interventionsstudien höher als bei längeren und wenn auf ein Lernquiz zuhause verzichtet wurde. Moderatoranalysen der Effektstärken „Nur Nachtest“ und „Treatment“ haben verdeutlicht, dass die Effektstärken höher ausfallen, wenn kein Lernmanagementsystem verwendet wird. Die zweite Studie zielte darauf ab, das Flipped-Classroom-Konzept mit anderen Formen des videobasierten Unterrichts zu vergleichen und festzustellen, welche Schülertypen am meisten vom videobasierten Unterricht profitieren. 38 Schulklassen mit 848 Schülerinnen und Schülern der neunten Klasse nahmen über einen Zeitraum von vier Wochen an einer quasi-experimentellen Interventionsstudie mit Vor- und Nach-Test teil. Zwei unabhängige Variablen wurden vollständig gekreuzt, was zu vier experimentellen Bedingungen führte: Video (zuhause vs. im Unterricht) und Unterrichtsmethode (schülerzentriert vs. lehrerzentriert). Mehrebenenanalysen ergaben, dass alle vier experimentellen Bedingungen die Lerngewinne der Schülerinnen und Schüler gleichermaßen effektiv förderten. Risikoschülerinnen und Risikoschüler sowie durchschnittliche und ausgezeichnete Schülerinnen und Schüler profitierten am wenigsten vom videobasierten Unterricht. Selbstbewusste und selbstständige Schülerinnen und Schüler hatten die höchsten Lerngewinne von Vor- zu Nach-Test. Die Studie stellt einen ersten Schritt in Richtung einer umfassenderen Bewertung des Flipped-Classroom-Konzepts unter Verwendung eines besser kontrollierten Forschungsdesigns dar und könnte zu einer objektiveren Diskussion über die positiven Auswirkungen des Flipped-Classroom-Konzepts beitragen. KW - flipped classroom KW - effectiveness KW - student achievement KW - secondary education KW - meta-analysis Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-8425 ER - TY - THES A1 - Zhu, Chunjie T1 - Understanding the Formation and Improving the Accuracy of Teacher Judgment N2 - Die Forschung zu Lehrkrafturteilen hat in den letzten drei Jahrzehnten beträchtliche Fortschritte gemacht. Die Bedeutung des Lehrkrafturteils und die Variabilität in der Urteilsgenauigkeit erfordern eine eingehendere Untersuchung. Basierend auf der Überprüfung früherer Studien wurde ein systematischer analytischer Rahmen vorbereitet, der aus drei Hauptstudien besteht, um das Verständnis der Prozesse und Merkmale von Lehrkrafturteilen zu erweitern. In den drei vorgestellten Studien wurde insbesondere untersucht, wie Lehrkrafturteile durch verschiedene Schülermerkmale generiert werden, welche Möglichkeiten es gibt, die Urteilsgenauigkeit von Lehrkräften zu verbessern und ob die Urteilsgenauigkeit von Lehrkräften im Laufe der Zeit stabil bleiben kann. In der ersten Studie wurde das Linsenmodell der Theorie der sozialen Beurteilung angewendet, um die Einschätzungen von Lehrpersonen über die Leistung von Schülerinnen und Schülern und ihre Strategien der Informationsverarbeitung besser zu verstehen. 260 Lehrkräfte aus sieben chinesischen Grundschulen wurden gebeten, aus sieben Informationsquellen Schülermerkmale auszuwählen und zu bewerten, anhand derer sie die Leistungen der Schüler beurteilen könnten. Die Lehrpersonen entwickelten eine klare Hierarchie der verwendeten Datenquellen. Die besten Informationen wurden aus den Fähigkeiten und Einstellungen der Schülerinnen und Schüler gewonnen und die am wenigsten wichtigen Informationen aus der sozialen Interaktion mit anderen sowie aus der Schüler-Demografie. Um genauere Einschätzungen zu treffen, sollten die Lehrkräfte über gültige Indikatoren für die Schülerleistung informiert werden. Die zweite Studie zielte darauf ab, die Urteilsgenauigkeit von Lehrkräften und die Leistung der Schülerinnen und Schüler durch den Einsatz von Classroom-Response-Systemen („Clickern“) zu fördern. 20 Schulklassen mit 459 Schülerinnen und Schülern der sechsten Klasse und ihren Mathematiklehrkräften wurden für eine fünfwöchige quasi-experimentelle Interventionsstudie mit einem Pre- und Post-Test in drei Gruppen eingeteilt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass beide Ziele weitgehend erreicht werden konnten. Schülerinnen und Schüler der Clicker-Gruppe haben durch die Intervention mehr mathematisches Wissen erworben als Studenten der Tagebuch- und Kontrollgruppe. Die Lehrkrafturteile aller drei Gruppen wurden vom Pre- zum Post-Test genauer. Lehrpersonen, die Clicker verwendeten, beurteilten jedoch mit höchster Genauigkeit. Clicker können als wertvolles Werkzeug zur Verbesserung der Urteilsgenauigkeit von Lehrkräften empfohlen werden. In der dritten Studie wurde die zeitliche Stabilität der Urteilsgenauigkeit der Lehrkräfte hinsichtlich Motivation, Emotion und Leistung der Schülerinnen und Schüler untersucht. Neun Klassen mit 326 Sechstklässlern einer chinesischen Grundschule und ihren Mathematiklehrpersonen nahmen an der Studie teil. Die Schüler arbeiteten an einem standardisierten Mathematik-Test und einem Selbstbeschreibungsfragebogen zu Motivation und Emotion. Die Lehrpersonen beurteilten die Motivation, Emotion und Leistung jedes einzelnen Schülers anhand einzelner Items. Das Lehrkrafturteil und die Eigenschaften der Schülerinnen und Schüler wurden innerhalb von vier Wochen zweimal gemessen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Lehrkräfte in der Lage waren, die Schülerleistungen mit hoher Genauigkeit, die Motivation der Schülerinnen und Schüler mit mäßiger bis hoher Genauigkeit und die Emotion der Schülerinnen und Schüler meist mit geringer Genauigkeit zu bewerten. Die Urteilsgenauigkeit der Lehrpersonen war sehr stabil mit nur geringen Veränderungen an den verschiedenen Genauigkeitskomponenten. Es kann gefolgert werden, dass chinesische Grundschullehrkräfte in der Lage sind, zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten faire Urteile über Schülerleistungen und der Motivation ihrer Schülerinnen und Schüler zu treffen. Die Emotionen der Schülerinnen und Schüler sind für Lehrpersonen jedoch schwer zu erfassen. KW - Lehrer KW - Schülerbeurteilung KW - Schulleistungsmessung KW - Urteilsfähigkeit Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-7387 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolff, Hannes A1 - Pecikiewicz, Jana T1 - Enhancement mit Gehirnorganoiden – Ethische und rechtliche Probleme einer terra nova JF - Medizinrecht N2 - Enhancement – ein Begriff, der zwar im Alltag noch nicht in aller Munde ist, aber dennoch seit geraumer Zeit große Beachtung in der Wissenschaft findet. Übersetzt bedeutet Enhancement „Steigerung“ oder „Verbesserung“ und setzt dort an, wo Behandlungen über das medizinisch Notwendige hinausgehen. Enhancement ist umstritten, denn so sehr es in das Zeitalter der Selbstoptimierung passt, so sehr stellt es die Grenzendessen, was (wissenschaftlich-technisch) möglich ist und was (ethisch-rechtlich) möglich sein darf, in Frage und hat damit das Potential, die Gesellschaft zu spalten. Noch kontroverser wird die Lage, wenn Enhancement zukünftig mit Hilfe sog. Gehirnorganoide stattfindet, was jedenfalls denkbar ist. Wo neue Grenzen ausgelotet werden, ist es umso wichtiger, einen rechtlich verbindlichen Rahmen unter Beachtung ethischer Gesichtspunkte zu schaffen. Dafür soll der vorliegende Aufsatz Impulse geben. Nach einer Definition der wichtigsten Begriffe (I.) zeigt der Beitrag den naturwissenschaftlichen Forschungs- und Entwicklungsstand von Gehirnorganoiden und einem Enhancement mit diesen auf (II.). Danach werden die ethischen Probleme diskutiert, die sich hinsichtlich Gehirnorganoiden und deren Nutzung ergeben (III.). Zuletzt werden solche Behandlungseingriffe mit Gehirnorganoiden, die neben einer therapeutischen auch eine enhancende Wirkung haben, aus rechtlicher Sicht betrachtet. Dafür wird u. a. auf Fragender rechtlichen Einordnung von Gehirnorganoiden, arzneimittelzulassungsrechtliche Fragen, Einwilligungsfragen und sozialversicherungsrechtliche Aspekte eingegangen (IV.). KW - Enhancement KW - Gehirnorganoide KW - Medizinrecht Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023021209214076051248 VL - 2022 IS - 40 SP - 907 EP - 917 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Qiu, Ruyi A1 - Möller, Malte A1 - Koch, Iring A1 - Mayr, Susanne T1 - Saliency determines the integration of contextual information into stimulus–response episodes JF - Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics N2 - When humans perform a task, it has been shown that elements of this task, like stimulus (e.g., target and distractor)and response, are bound together into a common episodic representation called stimulus–response episode (or event file).Recently, the context, a completely task-irrelevant stimulus, was found to be integrated into an episode as well. However,instead of being bound directly with the response in a binary fashion, the context modulates the binary binding between thedistractor and response. This finding raises the questions of whether the context can also enter into a binary binding with theresponse, and if so, what determines the way of its integration. In order to resolve these questions, saliency of the contextwas manipulated in three experiments by changing the loudness (Experiment 1) and emotional valence (Experiment 2Aand 2B) of the context. All experiments implemented the four-alternative auditory negative priming paradigm introducedby Mayr and Buchner (2006, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32[4], 932–943).Results showed that the integration of context changed as a function of its saliency level. Specifically, the context of lowsaliency was not bound at all, the context of moderate saliency modulated the binary binding between the distractor andresponse, whereas the context of high saliency entered into a binary binding with the response. The current results extend aprevious finding by Hommel (2004, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8[11], 494–500) that there is a saliency threshold whichdetermines whether a stimulus is bound or not, by suggesting that a second threshold determines the specific structure (i.e.,binary vs. configural) of the resulting binding. KW - context KW - saliency KW - stimulus–response episode KW - binding Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023072001343346194537 VL - 2022 IS - 84 SP - 1264 EP - 1285 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ryzhova, Anna T1 - Motivated by political beliefs, not only by language: How Russian speakers in Germany compose their transnational news repertoires JF - Journalism N2 - Extant research in media and migration has been largely apolitical, focusing on how migrants use media to culturally connect with their homeland and keep their family ties. However, in times of increasing international conflicts and polarisation, such as the years leading up to the Russia’s war against Ukraine in 2022, migrant audiences find themselves in a situation when the coverage of national and international politics in the homeland and host country media can differ dramatically. Against this backdrop, this study investigated how Russian speakers living in Germany create and navigate their transnational news repertoires. Grounded in 42 semi-structured interviews with the Russian speakers of the 1 and 1.5 generations in Germany, conducted between May and October 2021, this article identifies three types of transnational news repertoires: (1) politically-motivated news repertoire, (2) truth seeking-motivated news repertoire and (3) situation-motivated news repertoire. The results show that all the news repertoires of all participants are transnational. I argue that in the context of international conflict, not only language but also the participants’ political beliefs play an essential role in their news choice. Future research on migrants in political communication should distinguish research not only along with the language of the media outlets but also along with the political ideologies that they project. KW - Transnational KW - politics KW - Russian KW - Germany Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15485 VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 218 EP - 237 PB - Sage CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von der Heyde, Markus A1 - Gerl, Armin T1 - Entwicklungsstand der CIO-Funktion und hochschulübergreifenden IT-Governance im Kontext der Digitalen Transformation an Hochschulen in Bayern JF - HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik N2 - Die Hochschulen befinden sich durch vielfältige Veränderungs-prozesse in Verbindung mit dem Einsatz von Informationstechnologien (IT) aufdem Weg der Digitalen Transformation. Diese Digitale Transformation der Hoch-schulen umfasst intensive Veränderungsprozesse in der gesamten Hochschulkulturin Lehre, Forschung und Verwaltung in übergreifender und strukturierter Weise.Seit vielen Jahren werden vielfältige Digitalisierungsvorhaben zur Modernisierungvon einzelnen Prozessen an den Hochschulen umgesetzt. Die Leitungen der Re-chenzentren leisten mit der Umsetzung von IT-Projekten einen zentralen Beitrag zudiesem Wandel. Mit der Einführung der CIO-Funktion in den Hochschulleitungenund der hochschulübergreifenden Kooperationen hat sich die IT-Governance wei-terentwickelt. Insbesondere für die Digitale Transformation werden Strukturen zurKoordination der übergreifenden Vorhaben benötigt, wobei zusätzlich zur IT-Lei-tung eine Vielzahl von Funktionsträgern mit fachlichen Aufgaben aus Forschung,Lehre und Verwaltung involviert ist. Es stellt sich die Frage, wie die Digitale Trans-formation an Hochschulen gesteuert werden kann und in welcher organisatorischenForm sich die Aufgaben und Verantwortlichkeiten im Hochschulkontext realisierenlassen. An der Weiterentwicklung der IT-Governance an bayerischen Hochschulenwird beispielhaft erläutert, welche übergreifenden Aufgaben der Koordination vonBedarf und Versorgung mit IT-Services zwischen und innerhalb der Hochschulenbestehen. Die CIO-Funktion wird durch die Verankerung in der Leitungsebene derFunktion des Chief Digital Officers (CDO) aus der Wirtschaft ähnlicher, auch wennin Hochschulen aufgrund der klassischen Ressort-Einteilung die Rolle oft als Vize-präsident:in für Digitalisierung bezeichnet wird. KW - Digitale Transformation KW - IT-Governance KW - Hochschulen KW - Bildung KW - CIO KW - CDO Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022072222053919381076 VL - 2022 IS - 59 SP - 881 EP - 895 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strunk, Kim Simon A1 - Strich, Franz T1 - Building professional holding environments for crowd work job crafting through online communities JF - Information Systems Journal N2 - Work is increasingly being organised via online platforms outside guiding organisational structures. Instead of having colleagues at work, crowd workers connect in online communities. We investigate how crowd workers build professional holding environments in online communities to compensate for the lack of organisational structures and we consider how they craft their crowd work activities to enhance their work experience and reduce its long-term precarity. Following a qualitative research design, this paper uses 675 forum interactions collected across six online communities. Based on our findings, we propose the concept of professional holding environments and provide a model for building such holding environments and job crafting in online communities. We thereby expand previous research on holding environments comprised of family members and friends by revealing the impact of professional online communities and their role in professionalisation and crafting supportive social structures in online crowd work. KW - crowd work KW - holding environments KW - job crafting KW - online communities Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16315 VL - 33 SP - 1239 EP - 1274 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hevia Fajardo, Mario Alejandro A1 - Sudholt, Dirk T1 - Self-adjusting Population Sizes for Non-elitist Evolutionary Algorithms: why Success Rates Matter JF - Algorithmica N2 - Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are general-purpose optimisers that come with several parameters like the sizes of parent and offspring populations or the mutation rate. It is well known that the performance of EAs may depend drastically on these parameters. Recent theoretical studies have shown that self-adjusting parameter control mechanisms that tune parameters during the algorithm run can provably outperform the best static parameters in EAs on discrete problems. However, the majority of these studies concerned elitist EAs and we do not have a clear answer on whether the same mechanisms can be applied for non-elitist EAs. We study one of the best-known parameter control mechanisms, the one-fifth success rule, to control the offspring population size λ in the non-elitist (1, λ) EA. It is known that the (1, λ) EA has a sharp threshold with respect to the choice of λ where the expected runtime on the benchmark function OneMax changes from polynomial to exponential time. Hence, it is not clear whether parameter control mechanisms are able to find and maintain suitable values of λ. For OneMax we show that the answer crucially depends on the success rates (i. e. a one-(s + 1)-th success rule). We prove that, if the success rate is appropriately small, the self-adjusting (1, λ) EA optimises OneMax in O(n) expected generations and O(n log n) expected evaluations, the best possible runtime for any unary unbiased black-box algorithm. A small success rate is crucial: we also show that if the success rate is too large, the algorithm has an exponential runtime on OneMax and other functions with similar characteristics. KW - Evolutionary algorithms KW - Parameter control KW - Theory KW - Runtime analysis KW - Non-elitism Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023102616463077837436 VL - 86 IS - 2 SP - 526 EP - 565 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mußotter, Marlene T1 - On nation, homeland, and democracy: Toward a novel three-factor measurement model for nationalism and patriotism. Evidence from two representative studies JF - Political Psychology N2 - This article calls for revisiting the predominant yet flawed nationalism-patriotism dichotomy, which has to date remained unchallenged. It advocates for a more nuanced triad: nationalism, exclusively referring to the nation; patriotism, revolving around the homeland; and democratic patriotism, with democracy as its object of attachment. This novel conceptual approach explicitly theorizes these three objects of attachment, which have hitherto rarely been considered. In so doing, the article synthesizes the field's predominant research traditions that have not been fully recognized as diverging nor been simultaneously investigated. By responding to calls for more theoretically robust measures, it not only makes a theoretical but also an empirical contribution to the field. Drawing on data from a representative sample (N = 1875) in Germany in 2022, the study introduces a three-factor measurement model of nationalism, patriotism, and democratic patriotism. Taking into account both the antecedents of the triad and its impact on outgroup hostility, the measures are further validated. To establish its applicability in non-German contexts, the model is additionally supported using data from a representative sample (N = 1164) in Denmark in 2022. KW - authoritarianism KW - democracy KW - national attachment KW - nationalism KW - patriotism Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16352 VL - 45 IS - 6 SP - 903 EP - 921 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beurskens, Michael A1 - Scherzinger, Stefanie T1 - Datenbankherstellerrecht und Datenbankforschung JF - Datenbank-Spektrum N2 - In diesem Übersichtsartikel stellen wir das Datenbankherstellerrecht vor. Hierbei handelt es sich nicht, wie man aus dem Blickwinkel eines juristischen Laien und Mitglied der Datenbankforschungsgemeinde meinen könnte, um die Rechte bei der Entwicklung einer Datenbankmanagementsoftware, sondern um die Rechte des Herstellers einer Datenbankinstanz. Auch Forschende oder Forschungsinstitutionen werden beim Forschungsdatenmanagement zu Datenbankherstellern, ins- besondere wenn sie Forschungsartefakte verfügbar machen. Somit gewinnt die zugrundeliegende EU-Richtlinie aus den 1990er-Jahren an neuer Brisanz. Unser Beitrag gibt einen systematischen Überblick über den rechtlichen Schutz der einzelnen Komponenten einer Datenbankanwendung. Insbesondere stellen wir das Datenbankherstellerrecht und praktische Anwendungsfälle vor, sowie anknüpfende Forschungsfragen. KW - Datenbankherstellerrecht KW - Forschungsdatenmanagement Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023110108224475089339 VL - 2023 IS - 2 SP - 143 EP - 152 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER -