TY - THES A1 - Riel, Martina T1 - Empirische Überprüfung eines Verfahrens zur Messung von Reflexion bei Lehramtsstudierenden N2 - Reflexionsfähigkeit zu schulen, gilt als wichtiges Ziel der Lehrkräftebildung. Die Frage nach Befunden zur Ausprägung von Reflexionsfähigkeit bei Studierenden, deren Förderbarkeit und Wirkung steht deshalb im Zentrum des Interesses vieler Forschungsbemühungen, die allerdings mit dem Problem der schwierigen Messbarkeit von Reflexion und Mängeln bestehender Messmethoden hinsichtlich der Gütekriterien konfrontiert sind. Davon ausgehend überprüft die vorliegende Studie in einem Mixed-Methods-Ansatz die Validität eines häufig eingesetzten Verfahrens zur Messung von Reflexion, nämlich die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse studentischer Reflexionstexte mithilfe des Stufenmodells von Hatton und Smith (1995). Dabei wird zwei Forschungsfragen nachgegangen: 1. Inwiefern wird das Ergebnis der Messung vom Reflexionsanlass in der Aufgabenstellung beeinflusst? 2. Welchen Einfluss haben verschiedene weitere Faktoren, die bisher selten oder nie kontrolliert wurden, auf das Messergebnis? Untersucht werden situationale Faktoren wie aufgabenbezogene Motivation bzw. wahrgenommener Nutzen der Aufgabe sowie das Verständnis des Begriffs Reflexion und verschiedene Persönlichkeitsmerkmale. Lehramtsstudierende im Praktikum erhielten in einem Between-Subjects-Design drei verschiedene Reflexionsaufgaben, die sich im Grad des persönlichen Bezugs zum Reflexionsanlass unterschieden. Zu diesen verfassten sie reflektierende Texte und füllten im Anschluss einen Online-Fragebogen aus, der die zu untersuchenden weiteren Einflussfaktoren erhob. Die Ergebnisse der qualitativen Textanalyse wurden in zwei unterschiedliche quantitative Reflexionsmaße überführt und mit den Fragebogendaten trianguliert. Die Aufgabenstellung hatte sowohl einen Einfluss auf die Reflexionsleistung als auch auf weitere qualitative Aspekte der Reflexionstexte. Die Reflexionsleistung zeigte sich unabhängig von den gemessenen Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen und der aufgabenbezogenen Motivation, wurde aber vom Grad der wahrgenommenen Nützlichkeit prädiziert, die der Aufgabe zugeschrieben wurde. Die Studierenden zeigten ein sehr stark divergierendes Verständnis des Begriffs Reflexion, welches sich auch in den Texten niederschlug. Innerhalb des Studiendesigns und der Forschungsfragen lieferte die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse mit dem Stufenschema von Hatton und Smith (1995) plausible Ergebnisse, die Validität des Verfahrens wird aber von den Studienergebnissen zumindest teilweise in Frage gestellt. Auf die Aufgabenstellung und die Identifikation möglicher einflussnehmender Drittvariablen muss bei der Messung von Reflexionsleistungen zukünftig noch mehr Aufmerksamkeit gerichtet werden. Die Suche nach einem Verfahren zur Messung von Reflexion, das die Gütekriterien zufriedenstellend erfüllt, stellt weiterhin ein Forschungsdesiderat dar. KW - Reflexion, Reflexionskompetenz, Reflexionsfähigkeit, Messung von Reflexion Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11171 ER - TY - THES A1 - Garbas, Janina T1 - From now to next – Three essays on consumer responses to innovative technology-driven business models N2 - Over the last decades, ongoing advancements in information technology (i.e., Internet and mobile devices) have expanded a firm’s ability to communicate and interact with consumers and hence, create the potential of building sustainable relationships. Tailoring offerings through (1) consumer-initiated customization and (2) firm-initiated personalization is considered a key driver of long-term consumer relationships. As technologies continue to evolve, the opportunities for tailored marketing expand and enable new technology-driven business models that help to leverage customization and personalization and strengthen customer relationships in the era of the digital economy. Across three independent essays, the purpose of this dissertation is to answer the overarching research question of how innovative technology-driven business models versus traditional business models in the domains of customization and personalization influence consumer behavior. Thereby, this dissertation contributes to an understanding of challenges and opportunities of innovative customization and personalization business models with the ultimate goal of enabling their successful diffusion in the marketplace. Specifically, in Essay 1 and Essay 2, I investigate an innovative business model located in the realm of customization, that is, internal product upgrades (i.e., offering fee-based access to originally built-in, but deliberately restricted, optional features). Using a conceptual approach, Essay 1 provides a framework for understanding how internal product upgrades will likely influence consumers’ responses. As such, it outlines evolving challenges and opportunities of internal product upgrades and derives questions for future research. In Essay 2, I use an empirical approach to examine pitfalls of internal product upgrades in the product usage phase. Drawing on research on normative expectations and perceived ownership, this essay reveals that consumers respond less favorably to internal (vs. external) product upgrades and investigates managerially relevant boundary conditions. Finally, Essay 3 creates novel insights into a business model in the domain of personalization. This essay examines how the increasingly prevalent data disclosure practice of firms engaging in a network with other firms to exchange consumer data, which we denote as Business Network Data Exchange (BNDE), influences consumers’ privacy-related decision-making. In particular, this essay shows that consumers are less likely to disclose personal data in BNDE (vs. traditional dyadic) data exchange settings and that immediate affective reactions are crucial in explaining consumers’ privacy-related decision-making. Within this dissertation, I make substantial contributions at a more general level to literature on customization and personalization by comparing innovative business models to established ones. At the individual essay level, I extend existing research in the domains of product feature modifications, norm violations, and privacy-related decision making. Moreover, this dissertation provides actionable implications for managers who are facing the decision to transform their established business model into an innovative technology-driven one. KW - technology-driven business models KW - consumer behavior KW - customization KW - personalization Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11132 ER - TY - THES A1 - Knott, Manuel T1 - Blockchain: Disrupting the Creative Industries – Enablers, Barriers and Utilization through Persuasive System Design N2 - Blockchain technology enables the automated recording of information and execution of contract content – utilizing so-called Smart Contracts – without relying on trusted intermediaries (Beck et al., 2016). A blockchain is best described as a decentralized digital ledger (Atzori, 2015). The decentralized data storage on the blockchain makes the recorded information tamper-proof and creates transparency along the value chain. Therefore blockchain changes fundamentally the way data and information are processed (Al-Jaroodi & Mohamed, 2019; Avital et al., 2016). This has given rise to numerous use cases for blockchain in a wide range of industries. Fundamentally, blockchain technology can be used at any time when information needs to be stored in an automated and tamper-proof manner (Crosby et al., 2016). In the financial industry, blockchain helps to automate peer-to-peer transactions. This makes middlemen obsolete, which can reduce transaction costs (Cai, 2018). In the public health sector, blockchain is primarily used for decentralized storage of patient records. By using blockchain technology, these patient records are secured against manipulation and unauthorized access by third parties (Mettler, 2016). Another interesting use case can be seen in the electricity market. Blockchain technology makes it possible to integrate micro producers of electricity, such as private households, into the power grid in a cost-efficient way (Cheng et al., 2017). However, blockchain technology also offers several applications in the creative industries to support the daily work of professionals. The term creative industries encompasses industries and sectors which hold intellectual property at the core of their value creation (Caves, 2000). According to DCMS (1998),creative industries include not only classic art sectors such as fine art, painting or crafting, but also areas such as marketing, game developing, film and video or music. As the main drivers of innovation, the creative industries have a steadily increasing influence on the overall economic impact. Often, ideas, products and services from the creative industries ultimately flow into other areas, such as the automotive sector, and support them in achieving their entrepreneurial goals (Banks, 2010; Jones et al., 2004). In order to continuously maintain the position as an innovation driver, a certain form of organization has prevailed in the creative industries. For the creative industries to react flexibly to new requirements and a constantly changing environment, work is usually carried out as project-based (DeFillippi, 2015). For this purpose, the teams of the project-based organization are predominantly formed using freelancers who are specialists in the required field. As a result, many recurring organizational activities arise, such as contracting, team finding or onboarding (DeFillippi, 2015; Eikhof & Haunschild, 2006). Therefore, professionals from the creative industries have to spend significant time on activities that do not serve their core task of creating intellectual property. These tasks not only reduce the efficiency of their work, but also hinder their creative flow (Foord, 2009; Hennekam & Bennett, 2016). In this regard, blockchain represents a promising technology to support professionals in the creative industries. For the creative industries, blockchain is primarily used to automate formal processes and secure intellectual property rights (O’Dair, 2018). Blockchain technology enables artists and creatives more freedom for their own creative activities. By automating repetitive activities, professionals from the creative industries are freed from typical management tasks (Arcos, 2018; Cong & He, 2019). Furthermore, for the first time, intellectual property can be secured in a cost- and time-efficient way by utilizing blockchain technology. This is made possible by the decentralized nature of the blockchain, which makes subsequent manipulation of the contents of the intellectual property impossible (Avital et al., 2016; Beck et al., 2016; Regner et al., 2019). Ultimately, the use of so-called Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) create the opportunity for artists and creatives to sell unique digital art (Regner et al., 2019). Thus, blockchain generates entirely new ways for creative industries to organize their projects and opens new markets to sell their work. While several use cases of blockchain technology can be identified in the creative industries, the widespread use of blockchain is still lacking. So far, no Blockchain service or blockchain application has managed to take a dominant market position in the creative industries. At first sight, this seems surprising since artists and creatives could fundamentally benefit from this technology. At the same time, professionals from the creative industries would not be dependent on middlemen or central entities. This circumstance gave the impulse for the research presented in this thesis. I was able to identify that professionals from the creative industries are still underutilizing blockchain technology for three main reasons: (1) When using blockchain technology, professionals from the creative industries experience strong resistance from their stakeholders, who want to prevent the use of blockchain. (2) The perceived constraints by artists and creatives in using blockchain still deter many from using this technology extensively. (3) Several blockchain applications lack a persuasive design, resulting in many artists and creatives continue to prefer conventional services and products. KW - Blockchain, Creative Industries, DLT, Persuasive Design Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11149 ER - TY - THES A1 - Murawski, Lena T1 - Essays on current topics in employee entrepreneurial behaviors and attitudes N2 - A firm's entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is its propensity to act proactively, innovate, take risks, and engage in competitive and autonomous behaviors. Prior research shows that EO is an im-portant factor for new ventures to overcome barriers to survival and fostering growth, measured by annual sales and employment growth rates. In particular, individual-level EO (IEO) is an important driver of a firm’s EO. The firm’s ability to exploit opportunities appearing in the mar-ket and to achieve superior performance depends on the employees’ skills and experiences to act and think entrepreneurially. The main objective of this dissertation is to investigate how and when employees engage in entrepreneurial behaviors at work. Building on three essays, this dissertation takes an interdisciplinary approach to employee entrepreneurial behaviors in new ventures, encompassing both entrepreneurship and gamification research. The first main contri-bution proposed in this field is a more nuanced understanding of how employee entrepreneurial behaviors help young firms cope with growth-related, organization-transforming challenges (i.e., changes in organizational culture that accompany growth, the introduction of hierarchical structures, and the formalization of processes). When new ventures grow, employees’ IEO tends to manifest in introducing technological innovations and business improvements rather than in actions related to risk-taking. Second, this dissertation reveals the relevance of self-efficacy for entrepreneurial behaviors and explores how gamification can enhance employee entrepreneurial behaviors in new ventures. Based on these findings, this dissertation contributes to EO research by highlighting the role of IEO as a building block for EO pervasiveness. This research further develops our knowledge on the use of gamification in new ventures. This cu-mulative dissertation is structured as follows. Part A is an introduction to the study of entrepre-neurial behaviors. Part B contains the three essays.  KW - Entrepreneurial behaviors, gamification, entrepreneurial orientation, start-up, new venture, start-up growth Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10740 ER - TY - THES A1 - Stüdlein, Nadine T1 - Data as a Common Good: Essays on Data Portability and B2B Industrial Data Sharing N2 - Data is an important resource in our economy and society, substantially improving overall business efficiency, innovativeness and competitiveness, and shaping our everyday lives. Yet, to leverage the data's full potential, its access and availability is vital. Thus, data sharing across organizations is of particular importance. This thesis examines the role of data sharing in the digital economy and contributes to a better understanding why data sharing matters, why it is still underutilized, and how data sharing can be encouraged. Thereby, the thesis contributes to the ongoing academic debate as well as the practical and political efforts on how to promote data sharing. The thesis is comprised of three studies. Study 1 examines personal data sharing among (competing) online services. Particularly, it investigates the consequences of Article 20 in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR, May 2018), ensuring the right to data portability. This relatively new right allows online service users to transfer any personal data from one service provider to another. Focusing on a) the amount of data provided by users and b) the amount of user data disclosed to third party data brokers by service providers, the study investigates the right to data portability's effect on competitiveness and consumer surplus. Study 2 and Study 3 focus on non-personal data sharing among competing firms. Study 2 examines the literature to identify and classify barriers to non-personal, machine-generated data sharing. The study explains firms' reluctance to sharing data and discusses policy and managerial implications for overcoming the data sharing barriers. Study 3 focuses on data sharing via platforms. It investigates the Business-to-Business (B2B) data sharing platform design implications for promoting industrial data sharing. In particular, Study 3 investigates the dimensions control and transparency regarding their effect in eliciting cooperation and encouraging data sharing among firms. In summary, this thesis examines and reveals how access and availability of data can be increased through creating beneficial data sharing conditions in B2B relationships. Particularly, the thesis contributes to the understanding of a) the implications of data sharing laws, defined in the GDPR for personal data and b) the challenges and measures of the not yet successfully established, non-personal data sharing. KW - data portability KW - B2B data sharing KW - barriers KW - strategic challenges KW - online platforms Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11205 ER - TY - THES A1 - Gassner, Daniel T1 - Die Zwangsvollstreckung in Kryptowerte am Beispiel des Bitcoins T1 - The Enforcement in cypto-assets by the example of bitcoins N2 - Die Digitalisierung des Geldes durch die Einführung des elektronischen Zahlungsverkehrs in diesem Jahrhundert bildet die Grundlage des heutigen unkörperlichen Geldverkehrs. Das Aufkommen neuer rein digitaler Zahlungsarten wie Kryptowährungen setzen diesen Trend der Entmaterialisierung des Geldverkehrs fort. Insofern ist auch das Recht der Zwangsvollstreckung der Frage ausgesetzt, inwieweit die Vollstreckung in solche Werte zur Befriedigung des Gläubigers möglich ist. Dieser Frage geht die vorliegende Dissertation auf Basis des deutschen Vollstreckungsrecht am Beispiel der Kryptowährung Bitcoins nach. N2 - The digitization of money through the introduction of electronic payment systems in this century forms the basis of today's incorporeal monetary transactions. The emergence of new and purely digital payment methods such as cryptocurrencies continues this trend of dematerialization of money. In this respect, the law of execution is also exposed to the question whether and to which extent it is possible to execute in such assets to satisfy the creditor. This dissertation explores this question on the basis of German enforcement law using the cryptocurrency Bitcoins as an example. KW - Kryptowerte KW - Bitcoins KW - Zwangsvollstreckung Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10613 ER - TY - THES A1 - Holeczek, Nikolai T1 - The hazardous materials vehicle routing problem BT - literature review, risk analysis and heuristic solution procedures N2 - Hazardous materials (hazmat) have become important goods for satisfying the industrial and customer demand in our modern society. The transportation of these materials is always associated with safety, security and environmental concerns due to the dangerous nature of the cargo. To improve the safety of the transportation process hazmat transportation problems have become a popular research topic in the field of operations research. This thesis contributes to the ongoing research on the hazmat transportation problem. It provides an extensive overview of the existing literature on the hazardous materials transportation problem and offers a new classification extending the existing ones. With particular focus on the hazardous materials vehicle routing problem (HMVRP), this thesis compares different risk models and analyses their influence on the problem outcomes. Additionally, heuristic and meta-heuristic solution procedures are proposed for handling the NP-hard nature of the problem. For this purpose, four different studies are conducted. Study 1 presents a state of the art literature review including over 300 contributions to the hazmat transportation problem. The historical development of the research field is analyzed and the most important journals are identified. A detailed classification focusing on hazmat transportation on public roads is provided. Furthermore, the study identifies research gaps and presents new research opportunities. Study 2 and 3 investigate the effects of path generation in a realistic urban network on the outcomes of the HMVRP. Additionally, different risk models for the HMVRP are compared and their influence on the problem solutions is analyzed. Study 2 proposes a simple but effective heuristic algorithm to solve the HMVRP with load-independent risk models. Study 3 extends the focus and includes load-dependent risk models. The influence of six different risk models on the solution outcomes of the HMVRP is compared and the tradeoff between risk minimization and the minimization of traveled distance is investigated. For this purpose, more than 1,700 problem instances are solved to optimality using CPLEX. In study 4 a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) for solving the HMVRP with a load-depending risk model is proposed. The HGA aims to find pareto-optimal solutions for the bi-objective HMVRP when risk and travel distance are addressed simultaneously. The structure of the HGA is explained and experimental findings are presented. In conclusion, this thesis contributes to an improved understanding of the general development in the research field of hazmat logistics and the influence of different risk models on the solution outcomes of the HMVRP. Additionally, heuristic solution methods are proposed and tested for finding compromise solutions when the bi-objective case of risk and distance minimization is addressed. Furthermore, this thesis helps new researchers the access to the field of hazmat logistics as it provides a structured overview of the research field while pointing out research gaps. To address some of the identified research gaps, the thesis provides an extensive analysis of the risk modelling approaches. Thereby, it provides new insights to the basic research on risk modelling for the HMVRP. Finally, to overcome the long computation times of large problem instances heuristic solution approaches are proposed. KW - Hazardous Materials KW - Vehicle Routing Problem Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-8927 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ludwig, Dominik T1 - Zur Verwendung von Algorithmen im Rahmen der Auswertung spiroergometrischer Rohdaten bei sportwissenschaftlichen Leistungsdiagnostiken N2 - Die Arbeit beleuchtet den Einsatz algorithmischer Datenbearbeitungen bei sportwissenschaftlichen Spiroergometrien aus praktischen und theoretischen Gesichtspunkten. Die aktuelle Verbreitung von algorithmischen Datenbearbeitungen aus Breath-by-Breath Untersuchungen wird über die Ergebnisse eines Fragebogens und einer systematischen Literaturübersicht dargestellt. Zudem erfolgt die Analyse der durch Algorithmen verursachten Messwertvarianzen der Sauerstoffaufnahme in diskontinuierlichen Belastungsuntersuchungen, bei Jugendlichen und im submaximalen Belastungsbereich. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10013 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bauer, Judith T1 - Judas Iskariot – Eine narrative Analyse der Figur im Matthäusevangelium N2 - Die Studie betrachtet das Matthäusevangelium als zusammenhängende und durchkomponierte Erzählung, um anhand einer narrativen Analyse eine Charakterisierung der Judasfigur vorzunehmen. Dieser Ansatz berücksichtigt, wie sich die Figur in das Gesamtkonzept des Textes einfügt und welches Erzählinteresse mit ihr verfolgt wird. Diese synchrone, zusammenhängende Lesart erhellt: Judas ist im Matthäusevangelium keine rein historische Figur, sondern seine Darstellung hat eine bestimmte Funktion, die mit dem historischen Kontext, der Pragmatik und der theologischen Konzeption des gesamten Textes zu tun hat. Das Matthäusevangelium behandelt das Thema der Schülerschaft und Nachfolge Jesu, wobei die beiden Pole „Mit-Jesus-Sein“ und „Wenigvertrauen“ eine zentrale Rolle spielen. Vor diesem Horizont steht Judas nicht für den „Bösen“, von dem sich die Leserinnen und Leser abgrenzen sollten, sondern er ist Teil der Nachfolgegemeinschaft. Sein Scheitern könnte im Grunde jeden treffen oder anders gesagt: Jeder könnte Judas sein. Zugleich bietet der Text Strategien an, wie mit derartigem Versagen umzugehen ist: Scheitern darf nicht in die Selbstisolation führen, sondern der Erzählzusammenhang verdeutlicht, dass es eine Möglichkeit der Rückkehr zur Gruppe und Vergebung für einen einsichtigen Sünder gibt. KW - Judas KW - Narrative Analyse Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10529 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schmitz, Moritz T1 - Die Digitalisierung der gesetzlichen Formen BT - Eine Abhandlung über die Entwicklung der gesetzlichen Formen des deutschen Rechtssystems im Zuge der Digitalisierung N2 - Die gesetzlichen Formen bilden einen praxisrelevanten Teilbereich der Rechtswissenschaft, über den in der Vergangenheit wenig diskutiert wurde. Die Einführung der Textform und der elektronischen Form im Jahr 2001 und die Verabschiedung des DiRUG verdeutlichen, dass die Digitalisierung auch vor den Formen des deutschen Rechtssystems keinen Halt macht. In dieser Dissertation wird die Entwicklung der Formen im Zuge der Digitalisierung aufgearbeitet. Dafür werden die papiergebundenen Formen und die digitalen Formen nach demselben Schema und unter denselben inhaltlichen Gesichtspunkten untersucht und chronologisch dargestellt. Hierdurch werden die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede systematisch herausgearbeitet. Besonderer Fokus liegt dabei auf den Formwirkungen sowie der Wirkungsäquivalenz von digitalen Formen und ihrem jeweiligen papiergebundenen Pendant. Zudem werden die digitalen notariellen Formen im Sinne des DiRUG in das altbekannte System der gesetzlichen Formen eingeordnet. Nach den Untersuchungen ist festzuhalten, dass die elektronische Form mittlerweile hinreichend wirkungsäquivalent im Vergleich zur Schriftform ist, auch hinsichtlich der Warnwirkung, die vom deutschen Gesetzgeber bisher noch anders beurteilt wird. Die digitale öffentliche Beglaubigung und die digitale notarielle Beurkundung im Sinne des DiRUG sind ebenfalls hinreichend gleichwertig im Vergleich zu ihrem jeweiligen papiergebundenen Äquivalent. Aus dem Grund wird sich in dieser Dissertation dafür ausgesprochen, den Anwendungsbereich der digitalen Formen entsprechend ihrer Wirkungsäquivalenz in Zukunft zu erweitern. Insgesamt ist die Digitalisierung der gesetzlichen Formen begrüßenswert und ein Schritt in die richtige Richtung. KW - Digitalisierung KW - Gesetzliche Formen KW - Privatrecht KW - Rechtswissenschaft Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10632 ER -