TY - JOUR A1 - Beurskens, Michael A1 - Scherzinger, Stefanie T1 - Datenbankherstellerrecht und Datenbankforschung JF - Datenbank-Spektrum N2 - In diesem Übersichtsartikel stellen wir das Datenbankherstellerrecht vor. Hierbei handelt es sich nicht, wie man aus dem Blickwinkel eines juristischen Laien und Mitglied der Datenbankforschungsgemeinde meinen könnte, um die Rechte bei der Entwicklung einer Datenbankmanagementsoftware, sondern um die Rechte des Herstellers einer Datenbankinstanz. Auch Forschende oder Forschungsinstitutionen werden beim Forschungsdatenmanagement zu Datenbankherstellern, ins- besondere wenn sie Forschungsartefakte verfügbar machen. Somit gewinnt die zugrundeliegende EU-Richtlinie aus den 1990er-Jahren an neuer Brisanz. Unser Beitrag gibt einen systematischen Überblick über den rechtlichen Schutz der einzelnen Komponenten einer Datenbankanwendung. Insbesondere stellen wir das Datenbankherstellerrecht und praktische Anwendungsfälle vor, sowie anknüpfende Forschungsfragen. KW - Datenbankherstellerrecht KW - Forschungsdatenmanagement Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023110108224475089339 VL - 2023 IS - 2 SP - 143 EP - 152 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klumpp, Lorenz T1 - Exploring the distinction between populism through and by the media from a visual perspective: representations of German politicians on magazine covers of Der Spiegel and Compact JF - Visual Communication N2 - By drawing on a communication-based approach to populism, this article argues that populism research should put more emphasis on the performative and stylistic dimension of the phenomenon, including its visual elements, in different media formats. The study theoretically refers to the distinction of populism through and by the media, which has been discussed to a great extent in populist political communication research. Empirically, the author focuses on visual representations of politicians on the covers of the German news weekly Der Spiegel as well as those of Compact – a far-right alternative magazine. The article argues that political magazines contribute to how the political is imagined, particularly by the visual messages they convey via their front pages. An image type analysis of both magazines’ covers between 2010 and 2020 is conducted (N = 103) in order to explore patterns in the visual representations of German politicians disseminated by the magazines. On the one hand, the comparison of a mainstream and far-right alternative medium enriches the theoretical debate of how populism is strengthened by opportunity structures through the media. On the other hand, the issue of how populism is actively promoted by the media is addressed. KW - alternative media KW - iconographic-iconological analysis KW - image type analysis KW - magazine covers KW - mainstream media KW - media populism KW - populism Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16450 VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 148 EP - 177 PB - Sage CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghodselahi, Abdolhamid A1 - Kuhn, Fabian T1 - Toward Online Mobile Facility Location on General Metrics JF - Theory of Computing Systems N2 - We introduce an online variant of mobile facility location (MFL) (introduced by Demaine et al. (SODA 258–267 2007)). We call this new problem online mobile facility location (OMFL). In the OMFL problem, initially, we are given a set of k mobile facilities with their starting locations. One by one, requests are added. After each request arrives, one can make some changes to the facility locations before the subsequent request arrives. Each request is always assigned to the nearest facility. The cost of this assignment is the distance from the request to the facility. The objective is to minimize the total cost, which consists of the relocation cost of facilities and the distance cost of requests to their nearest facilities. We provide a lower bound for the OMFL problem that even holds on uniform metrics. A natural approach to solve the OMFL problem for general metric spaces is to utilize hierarchically well-separated trees (HSTs) and directly solve the OMFL problem on HSTs. In this paper, we provide the first step in this direction by solving a generalized variant of the OMFL problem on uniform metrics that we call G-OMFL. We devise a simple deterministic online algorithm and provide a tight analysis for the algorithm. The second step remains an open question. Inspired by the k-server problem, we introduce a new variant of the OMFL problem that focuses solely on minimizing movement cost. We refer to this variant as M-OMFL. Additionally, we provide a lower bound for M-OMFL that is applicable even on uniform metrics. KW - Mobile resources KW - Online requests KW - Competitive analysis KW - General cost function KW - Movement minimization Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024022609363705445898 VL - 67 IS - 6 SP - 1268 EP - 1306 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kravets, Daria A1 - Ryzhova, Anna A1 - Toepfl, Florian A1 - Beseler, Arista T1 - Different platforms, different plots? The Kremlin-controlled search engine Yandex as a resource for Russia’s informational influence in Belarus during the COVID-19 pandemic JF - Journalism N2 - Extant research demonstrated that the algorithms of the Kremlin-controlled search engine Yandex, compared to those of its US-based counterpart Google, frequently produce results that are biased toward the interests of Russia’s ruling elites. Prior research, however, audited Yandex’s algorithms largely within Russia. In contrast, this study is the first to assess the role of Yandex’s web search algorithms as a resource for Russia’s informational influence abroad. To do so, we conduct a comparative algorithm audit of Google and Yandex in Belarus, examining the visibility and narratives of COVID-19-related conspiracy theories in their search results. By manually analysing the content of 1320 search results collected in mid-April to mid-May 2020, we find that, compared with Google, (1) Yandex retrieves significantly more conspiratorial content (2) that close to exclusively suspects US plotters to be behind the pandemic, even though the virus spread from the Chinese city of Wuhan across the globe. KW - Search engines KW - conspiracy theories KW - Yandex KW - Google KW - Russia KW - foreign influence Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16430 VL - 24 IS - 12 SP - 2762 EP - 2780 PB - Sage CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Narh, John T1 - The resource curse and the role of institutions revisited JF - Environment, Development and Sustainability N2 - Many studies have shown that natural resource abundant countries with strong institutions tend to escape the resource curse. Institutional quality has been examined using broad indices of rule of law, the rate of murder, the share of the shadow economy and provision of public goods. Nonetheless, we need to locate the specific institutional conditions under which the curse manifests since some “rule of law” countries like Nigeria and Angola are generally classified as resource cursed. In this review, I argue that managing and distributing natural resource wealth through a centralised planning strategy and lack of a binding long-term national development plan are institutional conditions that encourage government unaccountability as they do not restrict policy makers against discretionary distribution of natural resource windfall, rent seeking, clientelism and corruption which contribute to poor economic development and growth. Also, inadequate regulations on how to address the potential or actual impacts of natural resource extraction on the livelihood of local people and the environment tend to precipitate grievance-induced resource conflict. KW - Resource curse KW - Government accountability KW - Institutions KW - Natural resource KW - conflict KW - Natural resource windfall KW - Financial development Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024030609203689018522 VL - 27 SP - 8187 EP - 8207 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trautsch, Alexander A1 - Herbold, Steffen A1 - Grabowski, Jens T1 - Are automated static analysis tools worth it? An investigation into relative warning density and external software quality on the example of Apache open source projects JF - Empirical Software Engineering N2 - Automated Static Analysis Tools (ASATs) are part of software development best practices. ASATs are able to warn developers about potential problems in the code. On the one hand, ASATs are based on best practices so there should be a noticeable effect on software quality. On the other hand, ASATs suffer from false positive warnings, which developers have to inspect and then ignore or mark as invalid. In this article, we ask whether ASATs have a measurable impact on external software quality, using the example of PMD for Java. We investigate the relationship between ASAT warnings emitted by PMD on defects per change and per file. Our case study includes data for the history of each file as well as the differences between changed files and the project in which they are contained. We investigate whether files that induce a defect have more static analysis warnings than the rest of the project. Moreover, we investigate the impact of two different sets of ASAT rules. We find that, bug inducing files contain less static analysis warnings than other files of the project at that point in time. However, this can be explained by the overall decreasing warning density. When compared with all other changes, we find a statistically significant difference in one metric for all rules and two metrics for a subset of rules. However, the effect size is negligible in all cases, showing that the actual difference in warning density between bug inducing changes and other changes is small at best. KW - Static code analysis KW - Quality evolution KW - Software metrics KW - Software quality Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023091108203018898026 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 21 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Deiner, Adina A1 - Feldmeier, Patric A1 - Fraser, Gordon A1 - Schweikl, Sebastian A1 - Wang, Wengran T1 - Automated test generation for SCRATCH programs JF - Empirical Software Engineering N2 - The importance of programming education has led to dedicated educational program- ming environments, where users visually arrange block-based programming constructs that typically control graphical, interactive game-like programs. The SCRATCH programming environment is particularly popular, with more than 90 million registered users at the time of this writing. While the block-based nature of S CRATCH helps learners by preventing syntactical mistakes, there nevertheless remains a need to provide feedback and support in order to implement desired functionality. To support individual learning and classroom settings, this feedback and support should ideally be provided in an automated fashion, which requires tests to enable dynamic program analysis. In prior work we introduced W HISKER , a framework that enables automated testing of S CRATCH programs. However, creating these automated tests for S CRATCH programs is challenging. In this paper, we therefore investigate how to automatically generate W HISKER tests. Generating tests for S CRATCH raises important challenges: First, game-like programs are typically randomised, leading to flaky tests. Second, S CRATCH programs usually consist of animations and interactions with long delays, inhibiting the application of classical test generation approaches. Thus, the new application domain raises the question of which test generation technique is best suited to produce high coverage tests capable of detecting faulty behaviour. We investigate these questions using an extension of the W HISKER test framework for automated test generation. Evaluation on common programming exercises, a random sample of 1000 S CRATCH user programs, and the 1000 most popular S CRATCH programs demonstrates that our approach enables W HISKER to reliably accelerate test executions, and even though many SCRATCH programs are small and easy to cover, there are many unique challenges for which advanced search-based test generation using many-objective algorithms is needed in order to achieve high coverage. KW - Search-based testing KW - Block-based programming KW - SCRATCH Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023091108301581209964 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 63 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Münch, Miriam A1 - Rutter, Ignaz A1 - Stumpf, Peter T1 - Partial and Simultaneous Transitive Orientations via Modular Decompositions JF - Algorithmica N2 - A natural generalization of the recognition problem for a geometric graph class is the problem of extending a representation of a subgraph to a representation of the whole graph. A related problem is to find representations for multiple input graphs that coin- cide on subgraphs shared by the input graphs. A common restriction is the sunflower case where the shared graph is the same for each pair of input graphs. These problems translate to the setting of comparability graphs where the representations correspond to transitive orientations of their edges. We use modular decompositions to improve the runtime for the orientation extension problem and the sunflower orientation problem to linear time. We apply these results to improve the runtime for the partial represen- tation problem and the sunflower case of the simultaneous representation problem for permutation graphs to linear time. We also give the first efficient algorithms for these problems on circular permutation graphs. KW - Representation extension KW - Simultaneous representation KW - Comparability KW - graph KW - Permutation graph KW - Circular permutation graph KW - Modular decomposition Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024022914111908687000 VL - 86 IS - 4 SP - 1263 EP - 1292 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herbold, Steffen A1 - Tunkel, Steffen T1 - Differential testing for machine learning: an analysis for classification algorithms beyond deep learning JF - Empirical Software Engineering N2 - Differential testing is a useful approach that uses different implementations of the same algorithms and compares the results for software testing. In recent years, this approach was successfully used for test campaigns of deep learning frameworks. There is little knowledge about the application of differential testing beyond deep learning. Within this article, we want to close this gap for classification algorithms. We conduct a case study using Scikit-learn, Weka, Spark MLlib, and Caret in which we identify the potential of differential testing by considering which algorithms are available in multiple frameworks, the feasibility by identifying pairs of algorithms that should exhibit the same behavior, and the effectiveness by executing tests for the identified pairs and analyzing the deviations. While we found a large potential for popular algorithms, the feasibility seems limited because, often, it is not possible to determine configurations that are the same in other frameworks. The execution of the feasible tests revealed that there is a large number of deviations for the scores and classes. Only a lenient approach based on statistical significance of classes does not lead to a huge amount of test failures. The potential of differential testing beyond deep learning seems limited for research into the quality of machine learning libraries. Practitioners may still use the approach if they have deep knowledge about implementations, especially if a coarse oracle that only considers significant differences of classes is sufficient. KW - Machine learning KW - Software testing KW - Differential testing Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023033121421148821912 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 38 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mironchenko, Andrii T1 - Well-posedness and properties of the flow for semilinear evolution equations JF - Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems N2 - We derive conditions for well-posedness of semilinear evolution equations with unbounded input operators. Based on this, we provide sufficient conditions for such properties of the flow map as Lipschitz continuity, bounded-implies-continuation property, boundedness of reachability sets, etc. These properties represent a basic toolbox for stability and robustness analysis of semilinear boundary control systems. We cover systems governed by general C0 -semigroups, and analytic semigroups that may have both boundary and distributed disturbances. We illustrate our findings on an example of a Burgers’ equation with nonlinear local dynamics and both distributed and boundary disturbances. KW - Well-posedness KW - Evolution equations KW - Boundary control systems KW - Infinite-dimensional systems KW - Analytic systems Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024022307494197431619 VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 483 EP - 523 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trautsch, Alexander A1 - Erbel, Johannes A1 - Herbold, Steffen A1 - Grabowski, Jens T1 - What really changes when developers intend to improve their source code: a commit-level study of static metric value and static analysis warning changes JF - Empirical Software Engineering KW - Static code analysis KW - Quality evolution KW - Software metrics KW - Software quality Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023032321174386000821 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 40 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weißgerber, Thomas A1 - Ben Amor, Mehdi A1 - Fellicious, Christofer A1 - Granitzer, Michael T1 - PyPads: Transparent Machine Learning Experiment Tracking JF - Datenbank-Spektrum N2 - Despite algorithmic advancements in the field of machine learning, a need for improvement in the infrastructure supporting machine learning development and research has become increasingly apparent. Machine learning experiments usually tend to be more ad-hoc in nature, and results are communicated most often in the form of a publication. Experimental details are often omitted due to size or time constraints, or simply because the complexity in terms of technical setup or parametrization became intractable. Even access to code bases, disregard important properties of the environment and experimental setup, like for example random generators or computing infrastructure. At the same time, tracking and communicating an often inherently exploratory scientific process is a task with considerable effort. We explored different venues to tackle these issues from a data science engineering point of view. The efforts resulted in PyPads, a framework providing an infrastructure to extend experimental setups with logging, communication and analysis features in a mostly non-intrusive way. PyPads can be extended to different Python-based frameworks, utilizing community driven, descriptive metadata in an effort to harmonize library specific logs in an ontology. Meanwhile, we also try to emphasize similarities to practices in software engineering, which have turned out to be essential in practical applications. KW - Machine Learning KW - Reproducibility KW - Open Science KW - Automated Logging KW - Python Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024021511222778687954 VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 53 EP - 62 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lukasczyk, Stephan A1 - Kroiß, Florian A1 - Fraser, Gordon T1 - An empirical study of automated unit test generation for Python JF - Empirical Software Engineering N2 - Various mature automated test generation tools exist for statically typed programming languages such as Java. Automatically generating unit tests for dynamically typed programming languages such as Python, however, is substantially more difficult due to the dynamic nature of these languages as well as the lack of type information. Our P YNGUIN framework provides automated unit test generation for Python. In this paper, we extend our previous work on P YNGUIN to support more aspects of the Python language, and by studying a larger variety of well-established state of the art test-generation algorithms, namely DynaMOSA, MIO, and MOSA. Furthermore, we improved our P YNGUIN tool to generate regression assertions, whose quality we also evaluate. Our experiments confirm that evolutionary algorithms can outperform random test generation also in the context of Python, and similar to the Java world, DynaMOSA yields the highest coverage results. However, our results also demonstrate that there are still fundamental remaining issues, such as inferring type information for code without this information, currently limiting the effectiveness of test generation for Python. KW - Dynamic typing KW - Python KW - Automated Test Generation Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023081721042349746457 VL - 28 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 46 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudolf, Daniel A1 - Schär, Philip T1 - Dimension-independent spectral gap of polar slice sampling JF - Statistics and Computing N2 - Polar slice sampling, a Markov chain construction for approximate sampling, performs, under suitable assumptions on the target and initial distribution, provably independent of the state space dimension. We extend the aforementioned result of Roberts and Rosenthal (Stoch Model 18(2):257–280, 2002) by developing a theory which identifies conditions, in terms of a generalized level set function, that imply an explicit lower bound on the spectral gap even in a general slice sampling context. Verifying the identified conditions for polar slice sampling yields a lower bound of 1/2 on the spectral gap for arbitrary dimension if the target density is rotationally invariant, log-concave along rays emanating from the origin and sufficiently smooth. The general theoretical result is potentially applicable beyond the polar slice sampling framework. KW - MCMC KW - Slice Sampling KW - Spectral gap Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024011821064231531382 VL - 34 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hidalgo, Oliver Fernando T1 - The antinomian framework of Western and non-Western democracies — from theory to application JF - Frontiers in Political Science N2 - This article argues in favour of broadening the classical paradigm of democracy that historically emerged in the West. Without disregarding the undiminished significance of the idea of liberal democracy and its deep commitment to universal human rights, the necessity of a new accentuation of the concept of democracy is accepted in view of the observable democratic processes in non-Western societies. This should help to avoid both the blind spots of Eurocentrism and the misperception of countries as democracies that are merely masking their authoritarian or despotic character. The result is a theory of popular sovereignty that seeks to grasp and combine Western and non-Western conceptions of democracy in a balanced way and is based on a genealogical and comparative perspective of the history of political ideas in the global North and South. In a second step, the theory is then tested using a few selected examples (Confucian democracy, Islamic democracy, African democracy). KW - democracy KW - non-western history of political thought KW - confucianism KW - Muslim world KW - Africa Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15821 VL - 2024 IS - 6 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blanc, Julia A1 - Annekatrin, Meißner T1 - Towards a holistic approach to sustainable development : inner development as a missing link for sustainability transformation JF - Religions (Special issue "Sustainable development : the normative contribution of theology") N2 - The discourse on understanding and implementing sustainable development has so far focused primarily on the external aspects, neglecting the internal dimension of people. The main purpose of our paper is to contribute to addressing this research gap. Therefore, we intend to (1) substantiate existing aspects of the Inner Development Goals (IDGs), (2) complement them, and (3) link the concept of the IDGs to normative discourses in Christian Social Ethics and Social Philosophy. Our results show that the dimensions of Being, Relating, and Collaborating in the IDG Framework can be substantiated by the normative discourse on spirituality and by reference to the social principle of personality in Christian Social Ethics, as well as by the Indian Social Philosophical Perspective of Vimala Thakar which focuses on a value-based approach. This paper suggests that the concept of the IDGs will be strengthened by adding the dimension of Caring—understood as the concern and responsibility for the wholeness in the combining of the inner and outer dimensions. By linking the concept of the Inner Development Goals to the existing normative discourses in Christian Social Ethics and Social Philosophy, our research contributes to making the concept connectable and deepens the discussions on a practical and theoretical level. KW - holistic sustainable development KW - change of consciousness KW - being KW - caring KW - christian social ethics KW - social philosophy Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15816 VL - 2025 IS - 16(1) PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gosh Dastidar, Kanishka A1 - Caelen, Olivier A1 - Granitzer, Michael T1 - Machine learning methods for credit card fraud detection : a survey JF - IEEE Access N2 - The widespread adoption of online payments has been accompanied by a significant increase in fraudulent activities, resulting in billions of dollars in financial losses. As payment providers aim to tackle this with various preventive mechanisms, fraudsters also continuously evolve their methods to remain indistinguishable from genuine actors. This necessitates sophisticated fraud detection tools to supplement these security mechanisms. As the volume of transactions taking place per day is in the millions, relying solely on human investigation is expensive and ultimately unfeasible, leading to an emergence of research into data driven or statistical methods for fraud detection. Over the last decade, this research has evolved to tackle the various particularities of the domain. These include the skewed nature of the data, the evolving user and fraud behavior, and the learning representations of the context in which a transaction takes place. This work aims to provide the community with an in-depth overview of the different directions in which recent research on online fraud detection has focused. We develop a taxonomy of the domain based on these directions and organize our analysis accordingly. For each area, we focus on significant methodological advancements and highlight limitations or gaps in the current state-of-the-art solutions. Through our analysis, it emerges that one of the primary limiting factors that many researchers face is the lack of availability of high-quality credit card data. Therefore, we provide a first step in addressing this issue in the form of a data generation framework using generative adversarial networks (GANs). We hope that this survey serves as a foundation for researchers who want to address the multi-faceted problem of credit card fraud detection. KW - fraud detection KW - machine learning KW - neural networks KW - synthetic data Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15796 VL - 2024 IS - 12 SP - 158939 EP - 158965 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adiatu, Afeez T1 - Energizing the inter-regional cooperation and energy governance : an exploration of the Africa-EU energy partnership JF - Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (ISSN: 1848-9257, DOI: 10.13044/j.sdewes) N2 - The emergence of change in the global energy governance structure is precipitated by the shift in global energy technology. The shift from carbon-intense energy to cleaner sources surpasses technological discontinuation. The inter-regional, regional, and sub-regional grouping emerged in global energy governance to support governance capabilities across countries. This research seeks to investigate the inter-regional partnership between Africa and the European Union initiated to facilitate energy decision-making. This study adopts thematic analysis to explore literature and reports on the Africa-EU partnership to understand its impact on the future of the African energy sector. This research argues using a neo-liberal lens that the limited state capacity in energy governance may necessitate inter-regional partnerships to aid energy sector development in Africa. The study concludes that considering Africa's potential in renewable energy sources such as solar irradiation and the limited energy access in the Sub-Saharan region, intervention of external capabilities through technological and financial aids may stimulate the utilization of such potential. KW - global energy governance KW - renewable energy KW - energy transition KW - regionalism KW - global governance Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15782 VL - 2024 IS - 12(4) PB - SDEWES Centre CY - Zagreb ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard T1 - Was trägt das Hoffen, wenn man nicht glaubt? : die Frage nach dem Absoluten im Angesicht des nahen Sterbens JF - Hospiz-Zeitschrift N2 - "Der Autor versucht hier keine Grenzziehung, religiöse von nichtreligiösen Motivationen der Hospiz- und Palliativarbeit zu trennen, sondern positioniert selber die Notwendigkeit eines Glaubensmomentes dort, wo angesichts des nahenden Todes der Sprung in die konkrete Frage nach dem Danach nur schwer atheistisch oder humanistisch begleitet werden kann. Deutlich wird, dass Begleitung eine z.T. doch inhaltlich deckungsgleiche Sprache benötigt, wobei es schon ausreichen kann, wenn zwei sich darin einig sind, dass wir nicht sprechen können von dem, was wir nicht erfahren können. Begleitung wird formal , wenn sie „nur" ausdrückt: „Ich verstehe zwar, dass Du eine Frage hast, ich verstehe aber nicht, was Du erfragst." Muss also ein, „ich verstehe zumindest, wonach Du fragst", nötig sein?" KW - Palliativarbeit KW - Atheismus Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14937 VL - 11 (2009) IS - 42 (2009/4) SP - 9 EP - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von Ditfurth, Lukas A1 - Lienemann, Gregor T1 - The Data Governance Act: – Promoting or Restricting Data Intermediaries? JF - Competition and Regulation in Network Industries N2 - Following its approval by the European Parliament in April 2022, the Data Governance Act (DGA) is the first legislative instrument announced in the European Data Strategy to come into force. Aimed at facilitating the re-use and sharing of data in and between the private and public sectors, the DGA introduces regulation for a newly emerging type of digital platforms – the so-called “providers of data intermediation services”. In order to offer their services on the market, providers will have to submit to a prior notification procedure and show compliance with several conditions placed on their economic activities. The regulation of data intermediaries is intended to increase their trustworthiness and ensure the competitiveness of the markets in which they operate. Recent experiences with digital platforms have shown the potential of intermediaries to organise and facilitate markets. At the same time, digital platforms pose undeniable risks to their users and markets at large. Against this backdrop, the role of data intermediaries as envisioned by the DGA must be examined carefully before turning to the question whether the DGA can achieve competitive and trustworthy data sharing through registered third parties. This paper intends to shed light on these and other issues by examining, in-depth, the chapter in the DGA dedicated to data intermediaries (Art. 10–15) from a legal, policy and competition economics perspective. In particular, this paper explores how the experiences made with large-scale digital platforms have shaped the DGA. Thereby, this paper aims to contribute towards a holistic understanding of these provisions as a basis for an informed discussion on the legal framework and on possible alternatives. KW - Data Governance Act KW - Data Intermediaries KW - Data Law Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11483 SN - 1783-5917 SN - 2399-2956 VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 270 EP - 295 PB - SAGE Publications CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caspari-Sadeghi, Sima T1 - Artificial Intelligence in Technology-Enhanced Assessment: A Survey of Machine Learning JF - Journal of Educational Technology Systems N2 - Intelligent assessment, the core of any AI-based educational technology, is defined as embedded, stealth and ubiquitous assessment which uses intelligent techniques to diagnose the current cognitive level, monitor dynamic progress, predict success and update students’ profiling continuously. It also uses various technologies, such as learning analytics, educational data mining, intelligent sensors, wearables and machine learning. This can be the key to Precision Education (PE): adaptive, tailored, individualized instruction and learning. This paper explores (a) the applications of Machine Learning (ML) in intelligent assessment, and (b) the use of deep learning models in ‘knowledge tracing and student modeling’. The paper concludes by discussing barriers involved in using state-of-the-art ML methods and some suggestions to unleash the power of data and ML to improve educational decision-making. KW - artificial intelligence KW - knowledge tracing KW - machine learning KW - technology-enhanced assessment (TEA) Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11818 SN - 0047-2395 SN - 1541-3810 VL - 51 IS - 3 SP - 372 EP - 386 PB - SAGE Publications CY - Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ryzhova, Anna T1 - Motivated by political beliefs, not only by language: How Russian speakers in Germany compose their transnational news repertoires JF - Journalism N2 - Extant research in media and migration has been largely apolitical, focusing on how migrants use media to culturally connect with their homeland and keep their family ties. However, in times of increasing international conflicts and polarisation, such as the years leading up to the Russia’s war against Ukraine in 2022, migrant audiences find themselves in a situation when the coverage of national and international politics in the homeland and host country media can differ dramatically. Against this backdrop, this study investigated how Russian speakers living in Germany create and navigate their transnational news repertoires. Grounded in 42 semi-structured interviews with the Russian speakers of the 1 and 1.5 generations in Germany, conducted between May and October 2021, this article identifies three types of transnational news repertoires: (1) politically-motivated news repertoire, (2) truth seeking-motivated news repertoire and (3) situation-motivated news repertoire. The results show that all the news repertoires of all participants are transnational. I argue that in the context of international conflict, not only language but also the participants’ political beliefs play an essential role in their news choice. Future research on migrants in political communication should distinguish research not only along with the language of the media outlets but also along with the political ideologies that they project. KW - Transnational KW - politics KW - Russian KW - Germany Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15485 VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 218 EP - 237 PB - Sage CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Donner, Eva Katharina T1 - Research data management systems and the organization of universities and research institutes: A systematic literature review JF - Journal of Librarianship and Information Science N2 - New technological developments, the availability of big data, and the creation of research platforms open a variety of opportunities to generate, store, and analyze research data. To ensure the sustainable handling of research data, the European Commission as well as scientific commissions have recently highlighted the importance of implementing a research data management system (RDMS) in higher education institutes (HEI) which combines technical as well as organizational solutions. A deep understanding of the requirements of research data management (RDM), as well as an overview of the different stakeholders, is a key prerequisite for the implementation of an RDMS. Based on a scientific literature review, the aim of this study is to answer the following research questions: “What organizational factors need to be considered when implementing an RDMS? How do these organizational factors interact with each other and how do they constrain or facilitate the implementation of an RDMS?” The structure of the analysis is built on the four components of Leavitt’s classical model of organizational change: task, structure, technology, and people. The findings reveal that the implementation of RDMS is strongly impacted by the organizational structure, infrastructure, labor culture as well as strategic considerations. Overall, this literature review summarizes different approaches for the implementation of an RDMS. It also identifies areas for future research. KW - Data handling KW - information infrastructure KW - organization KW - organizational change KW - research data management KW - research data management system Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12654 SN - 0961-0006 SN - 1741-6477 VL - 55 IS - 2 SP - 261 EP - 281 PB - SAGE Publications CY - Sage UK: London, England ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grimm, Michael A1 - Luck, Nathalie A1 - Steinhübel, Franziska T1 - Consumers' willingness to pay for organic rice: Insights from a non‐hypothetical experiment in Indonesia JF - Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics N2 - As in many high‐income countries, there is increasing awareness towards organic farming in many low‐ and middle‐income countries. Sustained local demand is an essential requirement for further adoption of organic farming by smallholders, who typically have only limited access to export markets. Until now, only few studies have explored the local willingness to pay (WTP) for organic products in low‐ and middle‐income countries in real purchase situations. This paper analyses the consumers' WTP for organic rice in urban and suburban Indonesia using an incentive‐compatible auction based on the Becker–DeGroot–Marschak (BDM) approach. We further study the effect of income and a randomised information treatment about the benefits of organic food on respondents' WTP. Estimates suggest that respondents are willing to pay an average price premium of 20% compared with what they paid for conventional rice outside our experiment. However, our results also indicate that raising consumers' WTP further is complex. Showing participants a video about health or, alternatively, environmental benefits of organic food was not effective in further raising WTP. The results can be used as a basis for the design of alternative awareness measures to increase knowledge, interest and demand for organic food. KW - BDM KW - Indonesia KW - organic food KW - rice KW - willingness to pay Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12412 VL - 67 IS - 1 SP - 83 EP - 103 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritz, Manuela T1 - Temperature and non‐communicable diseases: Evidence from Indonesia's primary health care system JF - Health Economics N2 - Climate change induced rising temperatures will pose a detrimental threat to decent health in the coming decades. Especially at risk are individuals with chronic diseases, since heat can exacerbate a variety of health conditions. In this article, I examine the heat‐morbidity relationship in the context of Indonesia, focusing on chronic, non‐communicable diseases, namely diabetes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Using a novel dataset from the Indonesian national health insurance scheme Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional/Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) and linking it with meteorological data on the daily‐district level, I estimate the causal effect of high temperatures on the daily number of primary health care visits. The results show that on a hot day all‐cause visits and visits with a diagnosis of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases increase by 8%, 25% and 14%, respectively. These increases are permanent and not offset by visit displacement or ‘harvesting’. Visits related to respiratory diseases seem not to be affected by high temperatures. I use several climate change scenarios to predict the increase in visits and costs by the end of the century, which all forecast a substantial financial burden for the health care system. These results might have relevance for other middle‐income countries with similar climatic conditions. KW - climate change KW - health KW - Indonesia KW - JKN/BPJS kesehatan KW - non‐communicable diseases KW - temperature Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11429 VL - 31 IS - 11 SP - 2445 EP - 2464 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolff, Hannes A1 - Pecikiewicz, Jana T1 - Enhancement mit Gehirnorganoiden – Ethische und rechtliche Probleme einer terra nova JF - Medizinrecht N2 - Enhancement – ein Begriff, der zwar im Alltag noch nicht in aller Munde ist, aber dennoch seit geraumer Zeit große Beachtung in der Wissenschaft findet. Übersetzt bedeutet Enhancement „Steigerung“ oder „Verbesserung“ und setzt dort an, wo Behandlungen über das medizinisch Notwendige hinausgehen. Enhancement ist umstritten, denn so sehr es in das Zeitalter der Selbstoptimierung passt, so sehr stellt es die Grenzendessen, was (wissenschaftlich-technisch) möglich ist und was (ethisch-rechtlich) möglich sein darf, in Frage und hat damit das Potential, die Gesellschaft zu spalten. Noch kontroverser wird die Lage, wenn Enhancement zukünftig mit Hilfe sog. Gehirnorganoide stattfindet, was jedenfalls denkbar ist. Wo neue Grenzen ausgelotet werden, ist es umso wichtiger, einen rechtlich verbindlichen Rahmen unter Beachtung ethischer Gesichtspunkte zu schaffen. Dafür soll der vorliegende Aufsatz Impulse geben. Nach einer Definition der wichtigsten Begriffe (I.) zeigt der Beitrag den naturwissenschaftlichen Forschungs- und Entwicklungsstand von Gehirnorganoiden und einem Enhancement mit diesen auf (II.). Danach werden die ethischen Probleme diskutiert, die sich hinsichtlich Gehirnorganoiden und deren Nutzung ergeben (III.). Zuletzt werden solche Behandlungseingriffe mit Gehirnorganoiden, die neben einer therapeutischen auch eine enhancende Wirkung haben, aus rechtlicher Sicht betrachtet. Dafür wird u. a. auf Fragender rechtlichen Einordnung von Gehirnorganoiden, arzneimittelzulassungsrechtliche Fragen, Einwilligungsfragen und sozialversicherungsrechtliche Aspekte eingegangen (IV.). KW - Enhancement KW - Gehirnorganoide KW - Medizinrecht Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023021209214076051248 VL - 2022 IS - 40 SP - 907 EP - 917 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Komander, Verena A1 - König, Andreas T1 - Organizations on stage: organizational research and the performing arts JF - Management Review Quarterly N2 - Management and organization scholars have long been intrigued by the performing arts—music, theater, and dance—as a rich context for studying organizational phenomena. Indeed, a plethora of studies suggest that the performing arts are more than an interesting sideline for authors, as they offer unique theoretical and empirical lenses for organization studies. However, this stream of literature spreads across multiple research areas, varies with regard to its underlying theories and methods, and fails to pay sufficient attention to the contextuality of the findings. We address the resulting limitations by identifying and reviewing 89 articles on management and organization related to the performing arts published in 15 top-tier journals between 1976 and 2022. We find that research in the performing arts advances organizational theory and the understanding of organizational phenomena in four key ways, namely by studying (1) organizational phenomena in performing-arts contexts; (2) performing-arts phenomena in organizational contexts; (3) organizational phenomena through the prism of performing-arts theories; and (4) organizational phenomena through the prism of performing-arts practices. We also find that, in contrast to other settings, the performing arts are uniquely suited for immersive participant-observer research and for generating genuine insights into fundamental organizational structures and processes that are generic conditions of the performing arts and management alike, such as leadership, innovation, and the management of uncertainty. Finally, based on our consolidation of the research gaps and limitations of the reviewed studies, we develop a comprehensive agenda for future research. KW - Performing arts KW - Music KW - Dance KW - Jazz KW - Theatre KW - Organization KW - Management KW - Leadership Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023010321004612876788 VL - 2024 IS - 74 SP - 303 EP - 352 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritz, Manuela T1 - Wave after wave: determining the temporal lag in Covid-19 infections and deaths using spatial panel data from Germany JF - Journal of Spatial Econometrics N2 - The Covid-19 pandemic requires a continuous evaluation of whether current policies and measures taken are sufficient to protect vulnerable populations. One quantitative indicator of policy effectiveness and pandemic severity is the case fatality ratio, which relies on the lagged number of infections relative to current deaths. The appropriate length of the time lag to be used, however, is heavily debated. In this article, I contribute to this debate by determining the temporal lag between the number of infections and deaths using daily panel data from Germany’s 16 federal states. To account for the dynamic spatial spread of the virus, I rely on different spatial econometric models that allow not only to consider the infections in a given state but also spill over effects through infections in neighboring federal states. My results suggest that a wave of infections within a given state is followed by increasing death rates 12 days later. Yet, if the number of infections in other states rises, the number of death cases within that given state subsequently decreases. The results of this article contribute to the better understanding of the dynamic spatio-temporal spread of the virus in Germany, which is indispensable for the design of effective policy responses. KW - Covid-19 KW - Spatio-temporal models KW - Time lag effects KW - Spatial spillovers KW - Spatial Durbin model KW - Germany Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022112821095396799160 VL - 2022 IS - 3 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schweikl, Stefan A1 - Obermaier, Robert T1 - Lost in translation: IT business value research and resource complementarity : an integrative framework, shortcomings and future research directions JF - Management Review Quarterly N2 - Despite longstanding research efforts, there is still ambiguity surrounding the business value created by IT. To approach this conundrum, research focus has progressed from an isolated investigation of IT to the assessment of complementarity between IT and different non-IT resources such as work practices or decision structures. However, incoherence around the characteristics and scope of these complementary non-IT resources has created a fragmented body of research, preventing a sustainable knowledge creation. Thus, in this paper we synthesize the dispersed research efforts, identify shortcomings in the extant literature, and derive opportunities for future research. Specifically, we present a converging definition of complementary non-IT resources and specify their role in the value creation process from IT by viewing it through three distinct lenses: microeconomic theory, resource-based view, and contingency theory. We structure current research efforts by organizing complementary non-IT resources into distinct categories, namely strategy, structure, practices, processes, and culture (organizational resources), top management support, internal relations, and external relations (relational resources), worker skill (non-IT human resources), non-IT physical resources, as well as internal funds and external funds (financial resources). Finally, we highlight five important shortcomings in the current literature, such as the predominant use of reductionist approaches or monolithic IT measures, and make actionable recommendations to resolve them. KW - Literature review KW - Classification KW - IT value KW - Complementarity KW - Resource system KW - Configurations Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022093021520340946532 VL - 2022 IS - 73 SP - 1713 EP - 1749 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frühwirth, Lorenz A1 - Juhos, Michael A1 - Prochno, Joscha T1 - The large deviation behavior of lacunary sums JF - Monatshefte für Mathematik N2 - We study the large deviation behavior of lacunary sums (Sn /n)n∈N with Sn :=∑[k=1...n] f (a(k)U), n ∈ |N, where U is uniformly distributed on [0, 1], (a(k))k∈|N is an Hadamard gap sequence, and f : |R → |R is a 1-periodic, (Lipschitz-)continuous mapping. In the case of large gaps, we show that the normalized partial sums satisfy a large deviation principle at speed n and with a good rate function which is the same as in the case of independent and identically distributed random variables U(k), k ∈ |N, having uniform distribution on [0, 1]. When the lacunary sequence (a(k))k∈|N is a geometric progression, then we also obtain large deviation principles at speed n, but with a good rate function that is different from the independent case, its form depending in a subtle way on the interplay between the function f and the arithmetic properties of the gap sequence. Our work generalizes some results recently obtained by Aistleitner, Gantert, Kabluchko, Prochno, and Ramanan [Large deviation principles for lacunary sums, preprint, 2020] who initiated this line of research for the case of lacunary trigonometric sums. KW - Hadamard gap sequence KW - Large deviation principle KW - Large gap condition KW - Geometric progression Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022081723261050522140 VL - 2022 IS - 199 SP - 113 EP - 133 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nahr, Nora A1 - Heikkilä, Marikka T1 - Uncovering the identity of Electronic Markets research through text mining techniques JF - Electronic Markets N2 - As an established academic journal in the e-commerce and digital platforms fields, Electronic Markets (EM) features a diverse range of topics and occupies a significant role in the information systems field. The study investigates EM’s topic diversity over the time period 2009–2020 using a text mining analysis and a bibliometric analysis and identifies 28 cluster groups.The analysis reveals that the top three topics are 1) service quality, 2) blockchain and other shared trust building solutions,their impact and credibility, as well as 3) consumer buying behavior and interactions. EM's core identity lies in a balanced set of core themes that bring technological, business or human/ social perspectives to the research of networked business and digital economy. This includes research on digital and smart services, applications, consumer behavior and business models,as well as technology and e-commerce data. Ethical and sustainability related topics are however still less present in EM. KW - Core identity KW - Text mining analysis KW - Cluster analysis KW - Unsupervised machine learning KW - Bibliometric analysis Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022083023490559933318 VL - 2022 IS - 32 SP - 1257 EP - 1277 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reiter, Florence T1 - Die Rolle der Europawahl 2019 in der Online-Medienberichterstattung. Eine Blended Reading Analyse am Beispiel von Spiegel-Online JF - Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft N2 - Die quasi unbegrenzte Anzahl an frei verfügbaren Daten im Internet birgt für die politikwissenschaftliche Forschung große Chancen, aber auch methodische Herausforderungen. Letztere zeigen sich vor allem in der Erhebung,Speicherung und Verarbeitung von webbasierten Daten wie beispielsweise Medienwebsites, die wissenschaftlichen Standards entsprechen. Insbesondere intersubjektive Nachvollziehbarkeit und Reliabilität sollten im Umgang mit internetbasierten Daten gewährleistet werden können. Dabei ist es beispielsweise nicht ausreichend zur intersubjektiv nachvollziehbaren Erhebung die URL einer Webseite abzuspeichern. Die hohe Fluidität dieser Art von Daten kann dazu führen, dass die Webseite bereits wenige Minuten nach der Speicherung der URL nicht mehr dem Bild entspricht, das die Forscher*in zum Speicherzeitpunkt hatte. Webarchivierung zur Datenerhebung und -speicherung sowie der Blended Reading Ansatz zur Analyse dieser Datenmengen bieten vielversprechende Möglichkeiten für Forschende, mit diesen Herausforderungen umzugehen. Daher führt der vorliegende Beitrag eine exemplarische Analyse durch: Auf Basis von via Event-Crawl erhobenen Daten soll mit einem Blended Reading Ansatz analysiert werden, welche Rolle der Europawahl 2019 in der Online-Medienberichterstattung am Beispiel von Spiegel-Online zugeschrieben wird. Dabei geht es darum, an einem bewusst begrenzt gehaltenen Datensatz exemplarisch aufzuzeigen, über welches Potenzial die Durchführung dieser Methodenkombination verfügen und wie sie Forschung und Lehre bereichern kann. KW - Webarchivierung KW - Event-Crawl KW - Blended Reading KW - Europawahlen KW - Wahlkampfforschung Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022081622245924254625 VL - 2022 IS - 32 SP - 839 EP - 864 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adam, Marc T. P. A1 - Krämer, Jan T1 - Evaluating the emotional bidding framework: new evidence from a decade of neurophysiology JF - Electronic Markets N2 - Ten years ago the “emotional bidding framework” (Adam et al., Electronic Markets, 21(3), 197–207, 2011b) was published in this journal. It provided a conceptualization for the role of human emotion in electronic auctions along six propositions on how emotions emerge during the auction process and affect auction outcomes. While the framework emphasized the importance of immediate emotional responses and momentary changes in the bidders’ emotional state, the original articledid not include an evaluation of its propositions given the limited data on how bidders experience emotions in the moment that they occur. Ten years on, advances in the growing research field of NeuroIS allow to evaluate the propositions based on neurophysiological evidence. As a rejoinder of the original article, the present paper synthesizes these insights, refines the framework further, and identifies fruitful areas for future research based on remaining gaps in the body of knowledge. KW - Auctions KW - Auction Fever KW - NeuroIS Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022080421114680906980 VL - 2022 IS - 32 SP - 1529 EP - 1540 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beierl, Stefan A1 - Dodlova, Marina T1 - Public Works Programmes and Cooperation for the Common Good: Evidence from Malawi JF - The European Journal of Development Research N2 - This paper investigates the relationship between Malawi’s largest and oldest publicworks programme (PWP) and social cohesion, specifically within-community coop-eration for the common good. Using both primary and secondary data, we show thatpublic works are associated with higher coordination activities and higher voluntary(unpaid) contributions to public goods, along both vertical ties (between communitymembers and local leaders) and horizontal ties (among community members). Espe-cially for school-building activities, voluntary inputs in the form of labour and otherin-kind contributions are higher in the presence of the PWP. Our results contrib-ute to a better understanding of the link between social protection programmes withcommunity-driven features and social cohesion. KW - Public works KW - Cash-for-work KW - Social protection KW - Cooperation for the common good KW - Coordination KW - Community meeting KW - Voluntary contributions Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022080712061894426936 VL - 2022 IS - 34 SP - 1264 EP - 1284 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von der Heyde, Markus A1 - Gerl, Armin T1 - Entwicklungsstand der CIO-Funktion und hochschulübergreifenden IT-Governance im Kontext der Digitalen Transformation an Hochschulen in Bayern JF - HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik N2 - Die Hochschulen befinden sich durch vielfältige Veränderungs-prozesse in Verbindung mit dem Einsatz von Informationstechnologien (IT) aufdem Weg der Digitalen Transformation. Diese Digitale Transformation der Hoch-schulen umfasst intensive Veränderungsprozesse in der gesamten Hochschulkulturin Lehre, Forschung und Verwaltung in übergreifender und strukturierter Weise.Seit vielen Jahren werden vielfältige Digitalisierungsvorhaben zur Modernisierungvon einzelnen Prozessen an den Hochschulen umgesetzt. Die Leitungen der Re-chenzentren leisten mit der Umsetzung von IT-Projekten einen zentralen Beitrag zudiesem Wandel. Mit der Einführung der CIO-Funktion in den Hochschulleitungenund der hochschulübergreifenden Kooperationen hat sich die IT-Governance wei-terentwickelt. Insbesondere für die Digitale Transformation werden Strukturen zurKoordination der übergreifenden Vorhaben benötigt, wobei zusätzlich zur IT-Lei-tung eine Vielzahl von Funktionsträgern mit fachlichen Aufgaben aus Forschung,Lehre und Verwaltung involviert ist. Es stellt sich die Frage, wie die Digitale Trans-formation an Hochschulen gesteuert werden kann und in welcher organisatorischenForm sich die Aufgaben und Verantwortlichkeiten im Hochschulkontext realisierenlassen. An der Weiterentwicklung der IT-Governance an bayerischen Hochschulenwird beispielhaft erläutert, welche übergreifenden Aufgaben der Koordination vonBedarf und Versorgung mit IT-Services zwischen und innerhalb der Hochschulenbestehen. Die CIO-Funktion wird durch die Verankerung in der Leitungsebene derFunktion des Chief Digital Officers (CDO) aus der Wirtschaft ähnlicher, auch wennin Hochschulen aufgrund der klassischen Ressort-Einteilung die Rolle oft als Vize-präsident:in für Digitalisierung bezeichnet wird. KW - Digitale Transformation KW - IT-Governance KW - Hochschulen KW - Bildung KW - CIO KW - CDO Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022072222053919381076 VL - 2022 IS - 59 SP - 881 EP - 895 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knott, Manuel A1 - Strich, Franz A1 - Strunk, Kim Simon A1 - Mayer, Anne-Sophie T1 - Uncovering potential barriers of using initial coin offerings to finance artistic projects JF - Journal of Cultural Economics N2 - Artists make vital contributions to our society and lay the foundations for billion-dollar industries. However, these artists consistently struggle to acquire sufficientfunding for their projects and their livelihood. New technology-supported possibili-ties for funding artists and their projects have emerged in recent years. Initial CoinOffering (ICO) is a novel form of reward-based tokenized crowdfunding. AlthoughICOs are promising as a way to fund artistic projects, they lack widespread adoptionin the creative and cultural industry (CCI). Based on 35 qualitative in-depth inter-views, we identify four barriers that hinder the funding of artistic projects throughICOs: legal shortcomings, investment restrictions, lack of consumer interest, andintermediaries’ resistance. Our research contributes to cultural finance and fundingliterature by disclosing barriers that impede a promising form of financing artisticprojects. Further, we outline possible solutions to overcome them. We also con-tribute to the research about ICOs by showing that rather than reducing investmentrisks, these offerings merely shift them. KW - initial coin offerings KW - blockchain technology KW - cultural finance KW - artists KW - creative and cultural industries KW - barriers Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022081518483651137386 VL - 2022 IS - 46 SP - 317 EP - 344 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herberger, Marie T1 - Pfändungsschutz für Tiere JF - Natur und Recht N2 - Das Gerichtsvollzieherschutzgesetz (GvSchuG) hat den Pfändungsschutz für Tiere erweitert. Systematisch fällt auf, dass nunmehr die Pfändungsverbote, die gänzlich unterschiedliche Zielvorstellungen im Auge haben, in § 811Abs. 1 Nr. 8 ZPO undifferenziert zusammengeführt wurden. Gelungen ist, dass der Pfändungsschutz mit Blick auf die Versorgungsfunktion bzw. die Erwerbsfunktion vervollständigt wurde. Was den Schutz von Tieren unter dem Vorzeichen „Schutz der emotionalen Beziehung Mensch– Tier“ angeht, ist zu begrüßen, dass sich der Gesetzgeber von dem einschränkenden Merkmal „im häuslichen Bereich“ verabschiedet hat. Dennoch ist das Konzept der schutzwürdigen Beziehung zwischen Mensch und Tier durch das GvSchuG nicht vollständig verwirklicht worden. Dass nach wie vor das Vollstreckungsgericht angerufen werden kann, wenn ein Tier, das nicht zu Erwerbszwecken gehalten wird, einen hohen Wert hat und die Unpfändbarkeit für den Gläubiger eine Härte bedeuten würde, die auch unter Würdigung der Belange des Tierschutzes und der berechtigten Interessen des Schuldners nicht zu rechtfertigen ist (§ 811 Abs. 3 ZPO), steht mit der Grundidee der schutzwürdigen Beziehung zwischen Mensch und Tier nicht im Einklang. Hier besteht also nach wie vor Reformbedarf. KW - Tiere KW - Pfändungsschutz KW - Recht Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022052822431970208748 VL - 2022 IS - 44 SP - 106 EP - 109 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghosh Dastidar, Kanishka A1 - Jurgovsky, Johannes A1 - Siblini, Wissam A1 - Granitzer, Michael T1 - NAG: neural feature aggregation framework for credit card fraud detection JF - Knowledge and Information Systems N2 - The state-of-the-art feature-engineering method for fraud classification of electronic pay-ments uses manually engineered feature aggregates, i.e., descriptive statistics of thetransaction history. However, this approach has limitations, primarily that of being dependenton expensive human expert knowledge. There have been attempts to replace manual aggre-gation through automatic feature extraction approaches. They, however, do not consider thespecific structure of the manual aggregates. In this paper, we define the novel Neural Aggre-gate Generator (NAG), a neural network-based feature extraction module that learns featureaggregates end-to-end on the fraud classification task. In contrast to other automatic featureextraction approaches, the network architecture of the NAG closely mimics the structureof feature aggregates. Furthermore, the NAG extends learnable aggregates over traditionalones through soft feature value matching and relative weighting of the importance of differ-ent feature constraints. We provide a proof to show the modeling capabilities of the NAG.We compare the performance of the NAG to the state-of-the-art approaches on a real-worlddataset with millions of transactions. More precisely, we show that features generated with theNAG lead to improved results over manual aggregates for fraud classification, thus demon-strating its viability to replace them. Moreover, we compare the NAG to other end-to-endapproaches such as the LSTM or a generic CNN. Here we also observe improved results. Weperform a robust evaluation of the NAG through a parameter budget study, an analysis of theimpact of different sequence lengths and also the predictions across days. Unlike the LSTMor the CNN, our approach also provides further interpretability through the inspection of itsparameters. KW - finance KW - credit card fraud KW - representation learning Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022060219175235764329 VL - 2022 IS - 64 SP - 831 EP - 858 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Qiu, Ruyi A1 - Möller, Malte A1 - Koch, Iring A1 - Mayr, Susanne T1 - Saliency determines the integration of contextual information into stimulus–response episodes JF - Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics N2 - When humans perform a task, it has been shown that elements of this task, like stimulus (e.g., target and distractor)and response, are bound together into a common episodic representation called stimulus–response episode (or event file).Recently, the context, a completely task-irrelevant stimulus, was found to be integrated into an episode as well. However,instead of being bound directly with the response in a binary fashion, the context modulates the binary binding between thedistractor and response. This finding raises the questions of whether the context can also enter into a binary binding with theresponse, and if so, what determines the way of its integration. In order to resolve these questions, saliency of the contextwas manipulated in three experiments by changing the loudness (Experiment 1) and emotional valence (Experiment 2Aand 2B) of the context. All experiments implemented the four-alternative auditory negative priming paradigm introducedby Mayr and Buchner (2006, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32[4], 932–943).Results showed that the integration of context changed as a function of its saliency level. Specifically, the context of lowsaliency was not bound at all, the context of moderate saliency modulated the binary binding between the distractor andresponse, whereas the context of high saliency entered into a binary binding with the response. The current results extend aprevious finding by Hommel (2004, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8[11], 494–500) that there is a saliency threshold whichdetermines whether a stimulus is bound or not, by suggesting that a second threshold determines the specific structure (i.e.,binary vs. configural) of the resulting binding. KW - context KW - saliency KW - stimulus–response episode KW - binding Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023072001343346194537 VL - 2022 IS - 84 SP - 1264 EP - 1285 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kosch, Harald A1 - Brunie, Lionel A1 - Mayer, Tobias A1 - Hasan, Omar A1 - Schiedermeier, Maximilian T1 - Anonymous voting using distributed ledger-assisted secure multi-party computation JF - Applied Network Science N2 - High voter turnout in elections and referendums is desirable to ensure a robust democracy. Secure electronic voting is a vision for the future of elections and referendums. Such a system can counteract factors hindering strong voter turnout such as the requirement of physical presence during limited hours at polling stations. However, this vision brings transparency and confidentiality requirements that render the design of such solutions challenging. Specifically, the counting implementation must support reproducibility, and the choice of individual voters must remain confidential. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a novel referendum protocol that ensures transparency, confidentiality, and integrity, in trustless networks. The protocol is built by combining secure multi-party computation and distributed ledger technology, e.g., a Blockchain. The persistence and immutability of the protocol communication allow verifiability of the referendum outcome by any participant. Voters therefore do not need to trust third parties. We provide a formal description and conduct a thorough security evaluation of our proposal. KW - E-voting KW - Distributed ledger KW - Trustless networks KW - Transparency Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15176 VL - 2024 IS - 9 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham (Schweiz) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritz, Manuela A1 - Grimm, Michael A1 - Weber, Ingmar A1 - Yom-Tov, Elad A1 - Praditya, Benedictus T1 - Can social media encourage diabetes self-screenings? A randomized controlled trial with Indonesian Facebook users JF - npj | Digital medicine N2 - Nudging individuals without obvious symptoms of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) to undergo a health screening remains a challenge, especially in middle-income countries, where NCD awareness is low but the incidence is high. We assess whether an awareness campaign implemented on Facebook can encourage individuals in Indonesia to undergo an online diabetes self-screening. We use Facebook’s advertisement function to randomly distribute graphical ads related to the risk and consequences of diabetes. Depending on their risk score, participants receive a recommendation to undergo a professional screening. We were able to reach almost 300,000 individuals in only three weeks. More than 1400 individuals completed the screening, inducing costs of about US$0.75 per person. The two ads labeled “diabetes consequences” and “shock” outperform all other ads. A follow-up survey shows that many high-risk respondents have scheduled a professional screening. A cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that our campaign can diagnose an additional person with diabetes for about US$9. KW - Health care economics KW - Population screening KW - Risk factors Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15157 VL - 2024 IS - 7 PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Patil, Amit A1 - Ghasemi, Abdorasoul A1 - de Meer, Hermann T1 - Analysis of protection blinding in active distribution grids JF - IET Renewable Power Generation N2 - Protection blinding is a challenging issue in renewables-penetrated distribution grids and refers to a situation where a circuit breaker may not trip due to fault current contribution from distributed generation. This research addresses how the distributed generation location and capacity impact the operation of the circuit breaker in terms of the response time of the circuit breakers. The relative electrical distances of the faults and distributed generation to the circuit breakers are considered. The impact of distributed generation capacity considering the fault location is characterized using a new index called the heterogeneity index. The electrical distance between distributed generations and circuit breakers and the electrical distance between fault and circuit breaker is considered by a second new index called the electrical distance ratio. Data analysis on simulation results shows that these indices capture the phenomena of protection blinding caused by distributed generation. Results show that a higher distributed generation penetration and faults that are electri cally further away from a circuit breaker show severe cases of protection blinding captured by the indices. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how these indices can identify the worst impacted locations in the distribution grid. A key result is that protection blinding does not necessarily occur solely due to the presence of distributed generation between a circuit breaker and a fault, but is dependent on factors such as distributed generation location in the distribution grid, fault level, fault level distribution across the generation units and fault location. KW - General & introductory electrical electronics engineering Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14661 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fekih Hassen, Wiem A1 - Challouf, Maher T1 - Long short-term renewable energy sources prediction for grid-management systems based on stacking ensemble model JF - Energies N2 - The transition towards sustainable energy systems necessitates effective management of renewable energy sources alongside conventional grid infrastructure. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to optimizing grid management by integrating Photovoltaic (PV), wind, and grid energies to minimize costs and enhance sustainability. A key focus lies in developing an accurate scheduling algorithm utilizing Mixed Integer Programming (MIP), enabling dynamic allocation of energy resources to meet demand while minimizing reliance on cost-intensive grid energy. An ensemble learning technique, specifically a stacking algorithm, is employed to construct a robust forecasting pipeline for PV and wind energy generation. The forecasting model achieves remarkable accuracy with a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of less than 0.1 for short-term (15 min and one day ahead) and long-term (one week and one month ahead) predictions. By combining optimization and forecasting methodologies, this research contributes to advancing grid management systems capable of harnessing renewable energy sources efficiently, thus facilitating cost savings and fostering sustainability in the energy sector. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14649 VL - 2024 IS - 17(13) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard T1 - Besuchen will gelernt sein JF - neue caritas 114/10 N2 - „Ins Altenheim gehen – eine lohnende Sache!“: Ein Regensburger Projekt von Diözese, Universität und Caritasverband entwirft ein Konzept für ehrenamtliche Besuchsdienste im Alten- und Pflegeheim. KW - Altenheim KW - Altenhilfe KW - Pflege KW - Besuchsdienst KW - Ehrenamt Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14478 VL - 114 (2013) IS - 10 SP - 15 EP - 17 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard A1 - Zink, Roland T1 - Sustainable Development Goals und ihre Orientierungsfunktion für angewandte Wissenschaften T1 - Sustainable Development Goals and their guidance function for applied sciences JF - Bavarian Journal of Applied Science N2 - Editorial des Bavarian Journal of Applied Science 5 KW - Sustainable development goals KW - nachhaltige Entwicklung Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14372 VL - 2019 IS - 5 SP - 406 EP - 411 CY - Deggendorf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sonar, Arne A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard A1 - Heckmann, Dominikus T1 - Zur Synergie von reflexiver Technikbewertung und E(L)SA-Begleitforschung. Eine Bewertungstheorie sozio-technischer Systemgefüge im Rahmen der Digitalisierung JF - Bavarian Journal of Applied Science N2 - Die zunehmende Verknüpfung von Informations- und Kommunikations-technologien (IKT) mit den Möglichkeiten des Internet of Things (IoT) stellt im Entwicklungsprozess von Produkten neue Anforderungen hinsichtlich ihrer Implementierung, Integration und Anwendung. Aus der Perspektive der E(L)SA-Begleitforschung (Ethical, Legal and Social Aspects) erweist sich eine frühzeitige, in den gesamten Hervorbringungsprozess integrierte, reflexive Begleitung als ebenso bedeutsam wie die Bewertung des Produkts in seinen Anwendungskontexten. Digitalisierte Technik soll nicht nur hinsichtlich ihrer Anwendbarkeit bewertet, sondern aktiv im Prozess der Produktherstellung mitgestaltet werden. Es gilt ein methodisches Vorgehen zu konzipieren, welches die vorhandenen Modelle der Technikfolgenbewertung aufgreift, ihre Kompatibilitäten prüft und die Synergien von reflexiver Technikbewertung und E(L)SA-Begleitforschung zur Geltung bringen kann. N2 - Due to the increasing interaction between information and communication technologies (ICT) and the possibilities of the Internet of Things (IoT), product development today is confronted with new challenges concerning implementation, integration and use. From the perspective of accompanying E(L)SA research (ethical, legal and social aspects), the reflexive monitoring of technical developments right from the start and throughout the entire development and production process turns out to be just as relevant as evaluating the product in its various usage contexts. Digitized technologies should not only be assessed with respect to their applicability and the challenges of their implementation, rather should they be actively codesigned throughout the entire product production process. It is therefore necessary to devise a methodological approach in which the existing models of reflexive technology impact assessment are taken up, their compatibilities are examined and the synergies of reflexive technology assessment and accompanying E(L)SA research are emphasized. KW - Technikbewertung KW - ELSA KW - methodologischer Pluralismus KW - sozio-technische Systeme Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14356 N1 - Zuerst erschienen unter https://doi.org/10.25929/zsax-ke18 VL - 2017 IS - 3 SP - 234 EP - 247 CY - Deggendorf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard A1 - Braun, Irene A1 - Ebner, Richard A1 - Plank, Maria A1 - Riecke, Ramona T1 - Ein Projekt zur Qualifikation von Besuchsdiensten in stationären Altenhilfeeinrichtungen: Begegnungen gegen die Einsamkeit JF - Informationsdienst Altersfragen N2 - Das Bildungskonzept „Ins Altenheim gehen – eine lohnende Sache! Fortbildung für ehrenamtliche Besuchsdienste im Alten- und Pflegeheim“ verpflichtet sich, die Idee der Teilhabe sowohl für Ehrenamtliche als auch für hilfebedürftige Menschen im Alter in die Tat umzusetzen. Das aus fünf Modulen bestehende Curriculum, das als Kooperationsverbund zwischen Kirche, Wohlfahrtsverband, Universität, Altenhilfeeinrichtung und Ehrenamt in diesem Zuschnitt ein Pilotprojekt darstellte, befähigt Ehrenamtliche mit speziellen Themen der stationären Versorgungsform (z.B. Symptome der Demenz, Versicherungsfragen bei Ausflügen, praktischer Umgang mit Pflegebetten und Hilfsgeräten) umgehen zu lernen, damit den hilfebedürftigen Menschen ein Mehr an gesellschaftlichem Leben ermöglicht wird. N2 - The educational concept “Going into a retirement home - a worthwhile endeavour! Further training for volunteer visiting services in retirement and nursing homes” is committed to putting the idea of participation into practice for both volunteers and people in need of help in old age. The five-module curriculum, which is a pilot project involving a cooperation between the church, charitable organisation, university, elderly care facility and volunteers, enables volunteers to learn how to deal with special topics relating to inpatient care (e.g. symptoms of dementia, insurance issues for excursions, practical handling of care beds and assistive devices) so that people in need of help can enjoy a more active social life. KW - Einsamkeit KW - Altenhilfeeinrichtung KW - Altenpflege KW - Besuchsdienst KW - Ehrenamt Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14321 VL - 41 (2014) IS - 1 SP - 21 EP - 24 PB - Deutsches Zentrum für Altersfragen CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard A1 - Pawlik, Michael T1 - In dubio pro vita – oder doch nicht? Zur ethischen Rechtfertigung der Therapiedurchführung bei unbekanntem Patientenwillen JF - Bayerisches Ärzteblatt N2 - Die Rede vom Grundprinzip Leben ist gerechtfertigt, weil das Leben einer Person die Bedingung der Möglichkeit zur Inanspruchnahme aller anderen ethischen Prinzipien darstellt. Für die medizinische Behandlungssituation von einwilligungsunfähigen Patienten, deren Wille unbekannt bleibt, ist diese falltypologische Vorrangstellung bei bestehender medizinischer Indikation gegeben. Das medizinethische Postulat, dem die Empfehlungen der Bundesärztekammer zum Umgang mit Vorsorgevollmacht und Patientenverfügung für Notfallsituationen folgen, steht auch zu Recht am Ende des vierten Schrittes im Borasio-Heßler-Wiesing-Entscheidungsdiagramm. Der behandelnde Arzt muss bei einem Patienten, dessen Willen nicht ermittelt werden kann, eine indizierte Therapie durchführen. Welches Ziel diese Therapie verfolgt, bleibt seinem fachlichen Urteil überlassen. In diesem Fall gilt: im Zweifel für das Leben, im Zweifel für die Therapie. KW - Patientenwille KW - Ethik KW - Leben KW - Behandlung KW - Entscheidung Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14316 VL - 68 (2013) IS - 12 SP - 664 EP - 666 PB - Bayerische Landesärztekammer CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard A1 - Hornig, Andreas A1 - Beham, Manfred A1 - Dziemballa, Rita A1 - Städtler-Mach, Barbara T1 - Sicherheit oder Freiheit für Menschen mit Demenz? Zur Güterabwägung beim Einsatz von Detektions- und Ortungssystemen in der Pflege JF - Amos International 4/2013 N2 - Der Untertitel benennt das Thema der Studie. Die epidemiologischen Prognosen gehen von einer Zunahme der Zahl jener Personen aus, die dementielle Symptome aufweisen werden. Zugleich ist damit zu rechnen, dass die Anzahl der Pflegefachkräfte weiterhin abnimmt. Daraus folgt, dass der Druck in der gerontopsychiatrischen Pflege wächst. Als eine Variante, um die Situation zu entlasten, wird der Einsatz von Ortungs- und Detektionssystemen diskutiert. Die Studie beleuchtet die ethischen Kriterien, die bei der Verwendung von Ambient Assisted Services zu reflektieren sind. N2 - The subtitle summarises the topic of the study. The epidemiological forecasts assume an increase in the number of people who will show symptoms of dementia. At the same time, the number of carers is expected to continue to decrease. This means that the pressure in geriatric psychiatric care will increase. The use of detection systems is being discussed as a way of relieving the situation. The study sheds light on the ethical criteria that need to be considered when using ambient assisted services. KW - Demenz KW - Pflege KW - Sicherheit KW - Ortungssystem KW - moralischer Konflikt Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14302 VL - 7 (2013) IS - 4 SP - 13 EP - 20 PB - Kommende Dortmund CY - Dortmund ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard A1 - Laux, Bernhard T1 - Anwälte der Öffentlichkeit. Über Zivilgesellschaft, Befähigungsarbeit und den Auftrag der Kirchen JF - Ethik und Gesellschaft N2 - Öffentliche Debatten stehen immer in der Gefahr betroffene Gruppen auszuschließen. Die Regeln des demokratisch orientierten, kommunikativen Zusammen- und Auseinandersetzens schließen jedoch die Anforderung einer kommunikativen Inklusion und Achtung gegenüber allen Betroffenen ein. Um diese erfüllen zu können, braucht es eine vorgängige Praxis, die für die Offenheit der Öffentlichkeit aktiv ist und zum Handeln und Diskurs ermächtigt. Die Handlungsermächtigung hat eine strukturelle und eine personale Dimension. Erst wenn die Beteiligungsmöglichkeiten für alle Kommunikationsfähigen und die Vertreter der Nicht-Kommunikationsfähigen faktisch existieren, kann die Auseinandersetzung zu einer öffentlichen, kann die öffentliche Auseinandersetzung tatsächlich eine demokratische werden. Kirche ist in Wahrnehmung der »kommunikativen Diakonie« als Befähigungsakteur gefordert. Sie kommt dabei nicht umhin, auch ihre innere Öffentlichkeit zu entfalten. N2 - Public debates always run the risk of excluding affected groups. However, the rules of democratically orientated, communicative interaction and debate include the requirement of communicative inclusion and respect for all those affected. In order to be able to fulfil this, a prior practice is required that is active for the openness of the public and empowers action and discourse. Authorisation to act has a structural and a personal dimension. Only when opportunities for participation exist for all those capable of communicating and the representatives of those who are not capable of communicating can the debate become a public one, can the public debate actually become a democratic one. The church is called upon to fulfil the role of “communicative diakonia” as an enabling actor. In doing so, it cannot avoid developing its inner public sphere. KW - Öffentlichkeit KW - Zivilgesellschaft KW - Entwicklung der Gesellschaft KW - Kirche als Sozialgebilde Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14297 N1 - Online zuerst unter: https://doi.org/10.18156/eug-2-2012-art-6 VL - 2012 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 26 CY - Tübingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gärtner, Raluca A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard T1 - Alle Unternehmen handeln doch ethisch, oder? Herkunft und Entwicklung der Begriffe Sustainability und Corporate Social Responsibility JF - Revista Ecumenică Sibiu N2 - Business ethics which has been in the focus of applied ethics for the last years has passed through several levels. Based on American socioeconomics first concepts were confirmed by the influence of sociological systems theory guaranteeing the framework for developing terms such as “sustainability” and “corporate social responsibility”. Even the Christian Churches have faced fundamental concepts of business ethics and dealt with them successfully. Considering either the Fair Trade Company GEPA or the certification Xertifix by MISEREOR, Christian Social Ethics and its pastoral work can keep up with any concept of business ethics nowadays. KW - business ethics KW - sustainability KW - corporate social responsibility KW - economic ethics Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14288 VL - 3 (2011) IS - 3 SP - 349 EP - 364 PB - Honterus Sibiu CY - Sibiu ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard A1 - Glöck, Robert T1 - Bestand und Liberalität einer werteorientierten Bildung. Eine Orientierungshilfe JF - Regensburger RU-Notizen N2 - Werte und Bildung in der Schule – was heißt das konkret? Der Text geht nach grundsätzlichen Überlegungen zu aktuellen Wertetheorien auf einige empirische Studien ein. Versteht man Werte als subjektive Handlungsüberzeugungen von gesellschaftlicher Tragweite, dann sind sie – wenn auch nicht unbedingt relativ – so doch partikular. Da Wertungen in gesellschaftlichen Fragen fast immer im Spiel sind, können Bildungskonzepte das Vermitteln von Werten kaum vermeiden; im Guten wie im Schlechten. Die Schule bleibt dabei ein, wenn auch sekundärer, wesentlicher Ort dieses Geschehens. N2 - Values and education at school – what does that mean in concrete terms? Following fundamental considerations on current value theories, the text looks at some empirical studies. If values are understood as subjective behavioural convictions with social implications, then they are – if not necessarily relative – at least particular. As values are almost always involved in social issues, educational concepts can hardly avoid conveying values, for better or for worse. The school remains an essential, albeit secondary, location for this process. KW - Werteorientierung KW - Werteerziehung KW - Werte KW - Orientierungshilfe KW - Bildung Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14276 VL - 29 (2009) IS - 2 SP - 4 EP - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard A1 - Laux, Bernhard T1 - Was kaufst Du? Grundlegende Aspekte der Konsumentenethik JF - Regensburger RU-Notizen N2 - Der Aufsatz richtet den Blick auf den Zusammenhang zwischen den Konsumenten und dem Grad ihrer ausgeübten Steuerungsfunktion auf den Markt, d.h. auf die Qualität der Waren und Dienstleistungen, wie besonders auch auf die Rahmenbedingungen ihrer Produktion oder Erbringung. Im Hinblick auf ein verantwortungsbewusstes Verhalten als Konsument wird aufgezeigt, inwiefern das Kaufen nicht nur ein wirtschaftlicher Akt, sondern immer auch eine moralische Handlung ist. N2 - The article focusses on the connection between consumers and the degree to which they exercise control over the market, i.e. the quality of goods and services, and in particular the framework conditions for their production or provision. With regard to responsible behaviour as a consumer, it is shown to what extent buying is not only an economic act, but also always a moral act. Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14262 VL - 32 (2012) IS - 1 SP - 18 EP - 23 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard T1 - Zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement. Zwischen Eigenständigkeit und aktiver Teilhabe JF - Amos International 1/2011 N2 - Zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement zeichnet sich durch die Eigenständigkeit der jeweiligen Akteure aus. Sie entscheiden darüber, ob sie kooperativ, unabhängig und konfrontativ mit Institutionen umgehen. Dieses Engagement trägt einerseits fragile Züge, ist doch dieses Engagement in der Regel nicht in gleicher Weise gefestigt wie die Institutionen mit denen es in Interaktion tritt. Andererseits steht es in der Gefahr den Blick der Aktiven einzunehmen und jene zu übersehen, die auf Unterstützung angewiesen sind, um sich zu engagieren. Wie das Eine mit dem Anderen zusammenhängt, davon handelt dieser Text. N2 - Civil society engagement is characterised by the independence of the respective actors. They decide whether they deal with institutions in a co-operative, independent or confrontational manner. On the one hand, this engagement is fragile, as it is generally not as stable as institutions are. On the other hand, it is in danger of taking the view of those who are active and overlooking those who are dependent on support in order to get involved. This text is about how the two are linked. KW - Zivilgesellschaft KW - Engagement KW - Eigenständigkeit KW - Selbstbestimmung Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14257 VL - 5 (2011) IS - 1 SP - 11 EP - 18 PB - Kommende Dortmund CY - Dortmund ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard T1 - Realitäten zweier Reiche. Luther und die Banner-Betrachtung JF - Geist und Leben. Zeitschrift für christliche Spiritualität N2 - Ohne Kenntnis voneinander arbeiten etwa zur gleichen Zeit Martin Luther und Ignatius von Loyola an Klärungsversuchen wie die seit Augustinus im Christentum verankerte Dialektik von civitas terrena („irdischer Staat“) und civitas Dei („Gottesstaat“) mit ihren Anliegen vereinbart werden kann. Luther entwickelt daraus seine Regimenten-Lehre und Ignatius die Banner-Betrachtung in den Geistlichen Übungen. Die ignatianische Deutung veranlasst einige Denker (Jon Sobrino und Ignacio Ellacuría) der Theologie der Befreiung die Zwei-Reiche-Lehre auf strukturelle Ungerechtigkeit hin zu deuten. Damit bekommt sie eine brisante Aktualität. N2 - Without knowing each other, Martin Luther and Ignatius of Loyola worked at around the same time on attempts to clarify how the dialectic of civitas terrena (“earthly state”) and civitas Dei (“the state of God”), which had been anchored in Christianity since Augustine, could be reconciled with their concerns. Luther developed his doctrine of regimentation from this and Ignatius the banner contemplation in the Spiritual Exercises. The Ignatian interpretation influenced some thinkers (Jon Sobrino and Ignacio Ellacuría) of the theology of liberation to interpret the two kingdoms theory in terms of structural injustice. This creates a highly topical issue. KW - Martin Luther KW - Zwei-Reiche-Lehre KW - Einteilungsmodell KW - christliches Handeln KW - Gottesstaat Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14231 VL - 2010 IS - 2 SP - 114 EP - 125 PB - Echter Verlag CY - Würzburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Narh, John A1 - Wehner, Stefanie A1 - Ungruhe, Christian A1 - Eberth, Andreas T1 - The role of translocal practices in a natural climate solution in Ghana JF - Climate N2 - People-centred reforestation is one of the ways to achieve natural climate solutions. Ghana has established a people-centred reforestation programme known as the Modified Taunya System (MTS) where local people are assigned degraded forest reserves to practice agroforestry. Given that the MTS is a people-centred initiative, socioeconomic factors are likely to have impact on the reforestation drive. This study aims to understand the role of translocal practices of remittances and visits by migrants on the MTS. Using multi-sited, sequential explanatory mixed methods and the lens of socioecological systems, the study shows that social capital and socioeconomic obligations of cash remittances from, as well as visits by migrants to their communities of origin play positive roles on reforestation under the MTS. Specifically, translocal households have access to, and use remittances to engage relatively better in the MTS than households that do not receive remittances. This shows that translocal practices can have a positive impact on the environment at the area of origin of migrants where there are people-centred environmental policies in place. KW - agroforestry KW - multi-sited research KW - reforestation KW - remittances KW - sequential explanatory mixed methods KW - socioecological systems Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14138 VL - 2023 IS - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Erdogan, Gülsah A1 - Hassen, Wiem Fekih T1 - Charging scheduling of hybrid energy storage systems for EV charging stations JF - Energies N2 - The growing demand for electric vehicles (EV) in the last decade and the most recent European Commission regulation to only allow EV on the road from 2035 involved the necessity to design a cost-effective and sustainable EV charging station (CS). A crucial challenge for charging stations arises from matching fluctuating power supplies and meeting peak load demand. The overall objective of this paper is to optimize the charging scheduling of a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for EV charging stations while maximizing PV power usage and reducing grid energy costs. This goal is achieved by forecasting the PV power and the load demand using different deep learning (DL) algorithms such as the recurrent neural network (RNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM). Then, the predicted data are adopted to design a scheduling algorithm that determines the optimal charging time slots for the HESS. The findings demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach, showcasing a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 5.78% for real-time PV power forecasting and 9.70% for real-time load demand forecasting. Moreover, the proposed scheduling algorithm reduces the total grid energy cost by 12.13%. KW - scheduling optimization KW - HESS KW - PV power KW - load demand KW - RNN KW - LSTM KW - GRU KW - cost reduction Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14128 VL - 2023 IS - 16 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frank, Florian A1 - Böttger, Simon A1 - Mexis, Nico A1 - Anagnostopoulos, Nikolaos Athanasios A1 - Mohamed, Ali A1 - Hartmann, Martin A1 - Kuhn, Harald A1 - Helke, Christian A1 - Arul, Tolga A1 - Katzenbeisser, Stefan A1 - Hermann, Sascha T1 - CNT-PUFs: highly robust and heat-tolerant carbon-nanotube-based physical unclonable functions N2 - In this work, we explored a highly robust and unique Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) based on the stochastic assembly of single-walled Carbon NanoTubes (CNTs) integrated within a wafer-level technology. Our work demonstrated that the proposed CNT-based PUFs are exceptionally robust with an average fractional intra-device Hamming distance well below 0.01 both at room temperature and under varying temperatures in the range from 23 °C to 120 °C. We attributed the excellent heat tolerance to comparatively low activation energies of less than 40 meV extracted from an Arrhenius plot. As the number of unstable bits in the examined implementation is extremely low, our devices allow for a lightweight and simple error correction, just by selecting stable cells, thereby diminishing the need for complex error correction. Through a significant number of tests, we demonstrated the capability of novel nanomaterial devices to serve as highly efficient hardware security primitives. KW - Carbon NanoTube (CNT) KW - Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) KW - Nanomaterials (NMs) KW - hardware security KW - security KW - privacy KW - Internet of Things (IoT) Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14011 VL - 2023 IS - 13(22) PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hassen, Wiem Fekih A1 - Ben Ahmed, Mariem T1 - Optimization of a Redox-Flow Battery Simulation Model Based on a Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach JF - Batteries N2 - Vanadium redox-flow batteries (VRFBs) have played a significant role in hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) over the last few decades owing to their unique characteristics and advantages. Hence, the accurate estimation of the VRFB model holds significant importance in large-scale storage applications, as they are indispensable for incorporating the distinctive features of energy storage systems and control algorithms within embedded energy architectures. In this work, we propose a novel approach that combines model-based and data-driven techniques to predict battery state variables, i.e., the state of charge (SoC), voltage, and current. Our proposal leverages enhanced deep reinforcement learning techniques, specifically deep q-learning (DQN), by combining q-learning with neural networks to optimize the VRFB-specific parameters, ensuring a robust fit between the real and simulated data. Our proposed method outperforms the existing approach in voltage prediction. Subsequently, we enhance the proposed approach by incorporating a second deep RL algorithm—dueling DQN—which is an improvement of DQN, resulting in a 10% improvement in the results, especially in terms of voltage prediction. The proposed approach results in an accurate VFRB model that can be generalized to several types of redox-flow batteries. KW - energy storage KW - redox-flow battery KW - battery modeling KW - battery state variables KW - parameter optimization KW - accurate estimation KW - voltage prediction KW - deep reinforcement learning KW - deep q-learning KW - dueling deep q-networks Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13994 VL - 10 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hassen, Wiem Fekih A1 - Imen Azzouz, Imen Azzouz T1 - Optimization of Electric Vehicles Charging Scheduling Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Decentralized Approach JF - Energies N2 - The worldwide adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has embraced promising advancements toward a sustainable transportation system. However, the effective charging scheduling of EVs is not a trivial task due to the increase in the load demand in the Charging Stations (CSs) and the fluctuation of electricity prices. Moreover, other issues that raise concern among EV drivers are the long waiting time and the inability to charge the battery to the desired State of Charge (SOC). In order to alleviate the range of anxiety of users, we perform a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) approach that provides the optimal charging time slots for EV based on the Photovoltaic power prices, the current EV SOC, the charging connector type, and the history of load demand profiles collected in different locations. Our implemented approach maximizes the EV profit while giving a margin of liberty to the EV drivers to select the preferred CS and the best charging time (i.e., morning, afternoon, evening, or night). The results analysis proves the effectiveness of the DRL model in minimizing the charging costs of the EV up to 60%, providing a full charging experience to the EV with a lower waiting time of less than or equal to 30 min. KW - smart EV charging KW - day-ahead planning KW - deep Q-Network KW - data-driven approach KW - waiting time KW - cost minimization KW - real dataset Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13985 VL - 16 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rowedder, Simon A1 - Wilcox, Phill A1 - Brandtstädter, Susanne T1 - Negotiating Chinese Infrastructures of Modern Mobilities: Insights from Southeast Asia JF - Advances in Southeast Asian Studies (ASEAS) N2 - Since the launch of the BRI, particular modes of movement are integral to its vision of what it means to be a modern world citizen. Nowhere is this more apparent than in Southeast Asia, where China-backed infrastructure projects expand, and at great speed. Such infrastructure projects are carriers of particular versions of modernity, promising rapid mobility to populations better connected than ever before. Yet, until now, little attention has been paid to how mobility and promises of mobility intersect with local understandings of development. In the introduction to this special issue, we argue that it is essential to think about the role infrastructure plays in forms of development that place connectivity at the center. We suggest that considering development, mobility and mo-dernity together is enlightening because it interrogates the connections between these interlocking themes. Through an introduction to five ethnographically grounded papers and two commentaries, all of which engage with infrastructures in different contexts throughout Southeast Asia, we demonstrate that there are significant gaps between of-ficial policy and lived experience. This makes the need to interrogate what infrastructure, mobilities, and global China really mean all the more pressing. KW - Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) KW - China-Backed Infrastructure KW - Development KW - Mobility KW - Southeast Asia Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13973 VL - vol. 16 IS - no. 2 SP - 175 EP - 188 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herbold, Steffen A1 - Hautli‑Janisz, Annette A1 - Heuer, Ute A1 - Kikteva, Zlata A1 - Trautsch, Alexander T1 - A large‑scale comparison of human‑written versus ChatGPT‑generated essays JF - Scientific Reports N2 - ChatGPT and similar generative AI models have attracted hundreds of millions of users and have become part of the public discourse. Many believe that such models will disrupt society and lead to significant changes in the education system and information generation. So far, this belief is based on either colloquial evidence or benchmarks from the owners of the models—both lack scientific rigor. We systematically assess the quality of AI-generated content through a large-scale study comparing human-written versus ChatGPT-generated argumentative student essays. We use essays that were rated by a large number of human experts (teachers). We augment the analysis by considering a set of linguistic characteristics of the generated essays. Our results demonstrate that ChatGPT generates essays that are rated higher regarding quality than human-written essays. The writing style of the AI models exhibits linguistic characteristics that are different from those of the human-written essays. Since the technology is readily available, we believe that educators must act immediately. We must re-invent homework and develop teaching concepts that utilize these AI models in the same way as math utilizes the calculator: teach the general concepts first and then use AI tools to free up time for other learning objectives. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13961 VL - 13 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard T1 - Die unbedingte Pflicht der Menschheit zum Dasein. Vor 30 Jahren veröffentlichte Hans Jonas „Das Prinzip Verantwortung“ JF - Orientierung N2 - Der jüdische Philosoph Hans Jonas legte 1979 mit „Das Prinzip Verantwortung. Versuch einer Ethik für die technologische Zivilisation“ eines der am meisten gelesenen moralphilosophischen Bücher der Nachkriegszeit vor. Er reagiert damit auf die Tatsache, dass „die Verheißung der modernen Technik in Drohung umgeschlagen ist oder diese sich mit jener unlösbar verbunden hat“. Der Beitrag beleuchtet mit dem Abstand von drei Jahrzehnten die zentralen Thesen und die bleibende Bedeutung dieses Entwurfs. N2 - In 1979, the Jewish philosopher Hans Jonas published “The Imperative of Responsibility: In Search of Ethics for the Technological Age”, one of the most widely read moral philosophy books of the post-war period. It is his reaction to the fact that the promise of modern technology has turned into a threat or has become inextricably linked with it. The article examines the central theses and the lasting significance of this concept from a distance of three decades. KW - Verantwortung KW - soziale Gemeinschaft KW - Hans Jonas KW - anwendungsorientierte Forschungsethik KW - kategorischer Imperativ Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13935 SN - 0030-5502 VL - 73 (2009) IS - 19 SP - 203 EP - 206 CY - Zürich ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard T1 - Moral – unterscheidend und befreiend JF - Orientierung N2 - Der aus Malta stammende Jesuit Tony Mifsud, Professor für Moraltheologie an der Universität Alberto Hurtado (Santiago de Chile), legte 1984 erstmals ein vierbändiges Werk unter dem Titel „Moral de Discernimiento“ vor. Fast zwei Jahrzehnte lang überarbeitet er dieses umfangreiche Konzept und publizierte es in aktualisierten Neuauflagen. Die „Moral de Discernimiento“ gilt als der erste Versuch, die Ideen der Theologie der Befreiung in eine Gesamtsystematik der Moraltheologie zu integrieren. N2 - The Maltese-born Jesuit Tony Mifsud, Professor of Moral Theology at the University of Alberto Hurtado (Santiago de Chile), first published a four-volume work entitled “Moral de Discernimiento” in 1984. For almost two decades, he revised this comprehensive concept and published it in updated new editions. The “Moral de Discernimiento” is considered to be the first attempt to integrate the ideas of liberation theology into an overall system of moral theology. KW - Unterdrückung KW - Moraltheologie KW - Lateinamerika KW - Armut KW - Befreiungstheologie Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13918 SN - 0030-5502 VL - 72 (2008) IS - 22 SP - 244 EP - 248 CY - Zürich ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rohlfing, Ingo A1 - Bethke, Felix T1 - How do researchers choose their goals of inference? A survey experiment on the effects of the state of research and method preferences on the choice between research goals N2 - In empirical research, scholars can choose between an exploratory causes-of-effects analysis, a confirmatory effects-ofcauses approach, or a mechanism-of-effects analysis that can be either exploratory or confirmatory. Understanding the choice between the approaches is important for two reasons. First, the added value of each approach depends on how much is known about the phenomenon of interest at the time of the analysis. Second, because of the specializations of methods, there are benefits to a division of labor between researchers who have expertise in the application of a given method. In this preregistered study, we test two hypotheses that follow from these arguments. We theorize that exploratory research is chosen when little is known about a phenomenon and a confirmatory approach is taken when more knowledge is available. A complementary hypothesis is that quantitative researchers opt for confirmatory designs and qualitative researchers for exploration because of their academic socialization. We test the hypotheses with a survey experiment of more than 900 political scientists from the United States and Europe. The results indicate that the state of knowledge has a significant and sizeable effect on the choice of the approach. In contrast, the evidence about the effect of methods expertise is more ambivalent. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12739 IS - Research & Politics, 10(2) SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Sage Publications ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steinbrink, Malte A1 - Aufenvenne, Philipp A1 - Haase, Christian A1 - Pochadt, Max T1 - Matilda in der Humangeographie: Gender Citation Gap und Zitierpartikularismus JF - GW Unterricht N2 - Vergeschlechtlichte Ungleichheiten in der Wissenschaft sind seit langem bekannt und bestehen trotz aller Gegenmaßnahmen fort. Gender Gaps zeigen sich nicht nur in der universitären Personalstruktur, sondern auch in der Wissenschaftspraxis: Akademische Leistungen von Frauen erhalten oft weniger Anerkennung. Hierfür hat sich die Bezeichnung Matilda-Effekt etabliert. Dieser Beitrag nimmt die für die Reputationsverteilung zentrale Praxis des Zitierens netzwerkanalytisch in den Blick und fragt, ob es in der deutschsprachigen Humangeographie einen Gender Citation Gap gibt. KW - Gender Citation Gap KW - Matilda Effect KW - Scientometrics KW - Social Network Analysis KW - Citation Analysis Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12504 IS - 169 SP - 5 EP - 21 PB - Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sengl, Michael A1 - Heinke, Elfi T1 - Teaching Journalism Literacy in Schools: The Role of Media Companies as Media Educators in Germany JF - Media and Communication N2 - German journalism is facing major challenges including declining circulation, funding, trust, and political allegations of spreading disinformation. Increased media literacy in the population is one way to counter these issues and their implications. This especially applies to the sub‐concept of journalism literacy, focusing on the ability to consume news critically and reflectively, thus enabling democratic participation. For media companies, promoting journalism literacy seems logical for economic and altruistic reasons. However, research on German initiatives is scarce. This article presents an explorative qualitative survey of experts from seven media companies offering journalistic media education projects in German schools, focusing on the initiatives’ content, structure, and motivation. Results show that initiatives primarily aim at students and teachers, offering mostly education on journalism (e.g., teaching material) and via journalism (e.g., journalistic co‐production with students). While these projects mainly provide information on the respective medium and journalistic practices, dealing with disinformation is also a central goal. Most initiatives are motivated both extrinsically (e.g., reaching new audiences) and intrinsically (e.g., democratic responsibility). Despite sometimes insufficient resources and reluctant teachers, media companies see many opportunities in their initiatives: Gaining trust and creating resilience against disinformation are just two examples within the larger goal of enabling young people to be informed and opinionated members of a democratic society. KW - disinformation KW - journalism literacy KW - ournalistic media education KW - media literacy KW - news media literacy Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12499 VL - volume 11 IS - issue 2 SP - 53 EP - 63 PB - Cogitatio Press CY - Lisbon, Portugal ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caspari-Sadeghi, Sima T1 - Learning assessment in the age of big data: Learning analytics in higher education JF - Cogent Education N2 - Data-driven decision-making and data-intensive research are becoming prevalent in many sectors of modern society, i.e. healthcare, politics, business, and entertainment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, huge amounts of educational data and new types of evidence were generated through various online platforms, digital tools, and communication applications. Meanwhile, it is acknowledged that educa-tion lacks computational infrastructure and human capacity to fully exploit the potential of big data. This paper explores the use of Learning Analytics (LA) in higher education for measurement purposes. Four main LA functions in the assessment are outlined: (a) monitoring and analysis, (b) automated feedback, (c) prediction, prevention, and intervention, and (d) new forms of assessment. The paper con-cludes by discussing the challenges of adopting and upscaling LA as well as the implications for instructors in higher education. KW - Big data KW - learning analytics KW - technology-enhanced assessment Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12236 VL - 2023 IS - Volume 110, issue 1 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anagnostopoulos, Nikolaos Athanasios A1 - Teymuri, Benyamin A1 - Serati, Reza A1 - Rasti, Mehdi ED - Xie, Bin ED - Wang, Ning ED - Gu, Yi ED - Stefanidis, Angelos T1 - LP-MAB: Improving the Energy Efficiency of LoRaWAN Using a Reinforcement-Learning-Based Adaptive Configuration Algorithm JF - Sensors N2 - In the Internet of Things (IoT), Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) are designed to provide low energy consumption while maintaining a long communications’ range for End Devices (EDs). LoRa is a communication protocol that can cover a wide range with low energy consumption. To evaluate the efficiency of the LoRa Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN), three criteria can be considered, namely, the Packet Delivery Rate (PDR), Energy Consumption (EC), and coverage area. A set of transmission parameters have to be configured to establish a communication link. These parameters can affect the data rate, noise resistance, receiver sensitivity, and EC. The Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) algorithm is a mechanism to configure the transmission parameters of EDs aiming to improve the PDR. Therefore, we introduce a new algorithm using the Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) technique, to configure the EDs’ transmission parameters in a centralized manner on the Network Server (NS) side, while improving the EC, too. The performance of the proposed algorithm, the Low-Power Multi-Armed Bandit (LP-MAB), is evaluated through simulation results and is compared with other approaches in different scenarios. The simulation results indicate that the LP-MAB’s EC outperforms other algorithms while maintaining a relatively high PDR in various circumstances. KW - Internet of Things (IoT) KW - LoRaWAN KW - adaptive configuration KW - machine learning KW - reinforcement learning Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11853 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 23 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Switzerland ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voigt, Brigitte T1 - EU regulation of gene-edited plants — A reform proposal JF - Frontiers in Genome Editing N2 - This article presents a proposal on how the European Union’s regulatory framework on genetically modified (GM) plants should be reformed in light of recent developments in genomic plant breeding techniques. The reform involves a three-tier system reflecting the genetic changes and resulting traits of GM plants. The article is intended to contribute to the ongoing debate over how best to regulate plant gene editing techniques in the EU. KW - gene editing KW - reform KW - EU regulation KW - genetically modified plant KW - new genomic techniques Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11849 SN - 2673-3439 VL - 5 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. CY - Lausanne, Switzerland ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becher, Stefan A1 - Gerl, Armin ED - Sarne, Giuseppe Maria Luigi ED - Ma, Jianhua ED - Rosaci, Domenico ED - Srivastava, Gautam T1 - ConTra Preference Language: Privacy Preference Unification via Privacy Interfaces JF - Sensors N2 - After the enactment of the GDPR in 2018, many companies were forced to rethink their privacy management in order to comply with the new legal framework. These changes mostly affect the Controller to achieve GDPR-compliant privacy policies and management.However, measures to give users a better understanding of privacy, which is essential to generate legitimate interest in the Controller, are often skipped. We recommend addressing this issue by the usage of privacy preference languages, whereas users define rules regarding their preferences for privacy handling. In the literature, preference languages only work with their corresponding privacy language, which limits their applicability. In this paper, we propose the ConTra preference language, which we envision to support users during privacy policy negotiation while meeting current technical and legal requirements. Therefore, ConTra preferences are defined showing its expressiveness, extensibility, and applicability in resource-limited IoT scenarios. In addition, we introduce a generic approach which provides privacy language compatibility for unified preference matching. KW - privacy KW - preference language KW - legal factors KW - GDPR KW - usability Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11218 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 IS - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Switzerland ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maletzky de García, Martina T1 - Bridging the state and market logics of refugee labour market inclusion – a comparative study on the inclusion activities of German professional chambers JF - Comparative Migration Studies N2 - Due to their high numbers, refugees’ labour market inclusion has become an important topic for Germany in recent years. Because of a lack of research on meso-level actors’ influences on labour market inclusion and the transcendent role of organizations in modern societies, the article focuses on the German professional chambers’ role in the process of refugee inclusion. The study shows that professional chambers are intermediaries between economic actors, the government and refugees, which all follow their own logics and ideas of labour market inclusion (the state, the market and the community logic). The measures taken by professional chambers mainly reflect a governmental logic (to reduce refugee unemployment) combined with a market logic (to provide human resources to economic actors). A community logic (altruism) only comes into play as a rather unintended consequence of measures addressing the other two logics. The measures of two types of professional chambers are compared. Close similarities between them reveal that the organization type is of theoretical relevance to explain the type of measures organizations opt for. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2021100821553693088701 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haupt, Harry A1 - Fritsch, Markus ED - Rykov, Vladimir V. T1 - Quantile Trend Regression and Its Application to Central England Temperature JF - Mathematics N2 - The identification and estimation of trends in hydroclimatic time series remains an important task in applied climate research. The statistical challenge arises from the inherent nonlinearity, complex dependence structure, heterogeneity and resulting non-standard distributions of the underlying time series. Quantile regressions are considered an important modeling technique for such analyses because of their rich interpretation and their broad insensitivity to extreme distributions. This paper provides an asymptotic justification of quantile trend regression in terms of unknown heterogeneity and dependence structure and the corresponding interpretation. An empirical application sheds light on the relevance of quantile regression modeling for analyzing monthly Central England temperature anomalies and illustrates their various heterogenous trends. Our results suggest the presence of heterogeneities across the considered seasonal cycle and an increase in the relative frequency of observing unusually high temperatures. KW - temperature KW - trend modeling KW - seasonality KW - heterogeneity KW - quantile regression KW - C02 KW - C14 KW - C18 KW - C22 KW - Q54 Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10382 SN - 2227-7390 VL - 10 IS - 3 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caspari-Sadeghi, Sima T1 - Applying Learning Analytics in Online Environments: Measuring Learners’ Engagement Unobtrusively JF - Frontiers in Education N2 - Prior to the emergence of Big Data and technologies such as Learning Analytics (LA), classroom research focused mainly on measuring learning outcomes of a small sample through tests. Research on online environments shows that learners’ engagement is a critical precondition for successful learning and lack of engagement is associated with failure and dropout. LA helps instructors to track, measure and visualize students’ online behavior and use such digital traces to improve instruction and provide individualized support, i.e., feedback. This paper examines 1) metrics or indicators of learners’ engagement as extracted and displayed by LA, 2) their relationship with academic achievement and performance, and 3) some freely available LA tools for instructors and their usability. The paper concludes with making recommendations for practice and further research by considering challenges associated with using LA in classrooms. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10440 SP - 1 EP - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Augsten, Pauline A1 - Glassner, Sebastian A1 - Rall, Jenni T1 - The Myth of Responsibility: Colonial Cruelties and Silence in German Political Discourse JF - Global Studies Quarterly N2 - Germany is considered a role model for dealing with past mass atrocities. In particular, the social reappraisal of the Holocaust is emblematic of this. However, when considering the genocide on the Herero and Nama in present-day Namibia, it is puzzling that an official recognition was only pronounced after almost 120 years, in May 2021. For a long time, silence surrounded this colonial cruelty in German political discourse. Although the discourse on German responsibility toward Namibia emerged after the end of World War II, it initially appeared detached from the genocide. That silence on colonial atrocities is to be considered a cruelty itself. Studies on silence have been expanding and becoming richer. Building on these works, the paper sets two goals: First, it advances the theorization of silence by producing a new typology, which is then integrated into discourse-bound identity theory. Second, it applies this theory to the analysis of the silencing and later acknowledging of the genocide on the Herero and Nama by German political elites. To this end, Bundestag debates, official documents, and statements by relevant political actors are analyzed in the period from 1980 to 2021. The results reveal the dynamics between hegemonic and counter-hegemonic discursive formations, how those are shifting in a period of 40 years, and what role silence plays in it. Beyond our emphasis on the genocide on the Herero and Nama, our findings might benefit future studies as the approach proposed in this paper can make silence a tangible research object for global studies. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10437 SP - 1 EP - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritsch, Markus T1 - Data for modeling nitrogen dioxide concentration levels across Germany JF - Data in Brief N2 - The described secondary data provide a comprehensive basis for modeling conditional mean nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration levels across Germany. Besides concentration levels, meta data on monitoring sites from the German air quality monitoring network, geocoordinates, altitudes, and data on land use and road lengths for different types of roads are provided. The data are based on a grid of resolution 1 × 1 km, which is also included. The underlying raw data are open access and were retrieved from different sources. The statistical software R was used for (pre-)processing the data and all codes are provided in an online repository. The data were employed for modeling mean annual NO2 concentration levels in the paper "Agglomeration and infrastructure effects in land use regression models for air pollution - Specification, estimation, and interpretations" by Fritsch and Behm (2021). KW - Air pollution; Corine land cover; EEA air quality data; Nitrogen dioxide Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10086 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mandarawi, Waseem A1 - Rottmeier, Jürgen A1 - Rezaeighale, Milad A1 - de Meer, Hermann T1 - Policy-Based Composition and Embedding of Extended Virtual Networks and SFCs for IIoT JF - Algorithms N2 - The autonomic composition of Virtual Networks (VNs) and Service Function Chains (SFCs)based on application requirements is significant for complex environments. In this paper, we use graph transformation in order to compose an Extended Virtual Network (EVN) that is based on different requirements, such as locations, low latency, redundancy, and security functions. The EVN can represent physical environment devices and virtual application and network functions. We build a generic Virtual Network Embedding (VNE) framework for transforming an Application Request (AR) to an EVN. Subsequently, we define a set of transformations that reflect preliminary topological, performance, reliability, and security policies. These transformations update the entities and demands of the VN and add SFCs that include the required Virtual Network Functions (VNFs). Additionally, we propose a greedy proactive heuristic for path-independent embedding of the composed SFCs. This heuristic is appropriate for real complex environments, such as industrial networks. Furthermore, we present an Industrail Internet of Things (IIoT) use case that was inspired by Industry 4.0 concepts,in which EVNs for remote asset management are deployed over three levels; manufacturing halls and edge and cloud computing. We also implement the developed methods in Alevin and show exemplary mapping results from our use case. Finally, we evaluate the chain embedding heuristic while using a random topology that is typical for such a use case, and show that it can improve the admission ratio and resource utilization with minimal overhead. KW - NFV KW - SFC KW - VNE KW - IIoT Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-8488 SN - 1999-4893 VL - 13 IS - 9 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schiffbeck, Adrian T1 - The Spiritual “Freelancers”: Young People, Religiosity and Community Problem Solving JF - SCIENTIA MORALITAS - International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research N2 - Earlier research showed that religion is related to participation among adolescents. It emphasized the effects of belonging (affiliation to groups and traditions) on community service among Western populations. This article takes one step further and focuses on religiosity as a potential motivation for community problem solving during adolescence and young adulthood, in the Eastern European Orthodox cultural setting. Data comes from several semistructured interviews with participants in a civic project conducted in the city of Timisoara (Romania). Findings indicated a low impact of the social religious component on engagement. The cognitive dimension of belief and the emotional bonding (prayer, ritual connection to the higher reality) function as indirect motivators, through the moral element of behavior. Results also showed a privatization of spiritual life at young adults (the invisible religion): estrangement from doctrines and the development of an individualistic type of morality, meant to drive volunteer activities further. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9268 VL - 2020 IS - Volume 5, no. 1 SP - 131 EP - 152 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Basmadjian, Robert T1 - Flexibility-Based Energy and Demand Management in Data Centers BT - a Case Study for Cloud Computing JF - Energies N2 - The power demand (kW) and energy consumption (kWh) of data centers were augmenteddrastically due to the increased communication and computation needs of IT services. Leveragingdemand and energy management within data centers is a necessity. Thanks to the automated ICTinfrastructure empowered by the IoT technology, such types of management are becoming more feasiblethan ever. In this paper, we look at management from two different perspectives: (1) minimization of theoverall energy consumption and (2) reduction of peak power demand during demand-response periods.Both perspectives have a positive impact on total cost of ownership for data centers. We exhaustivelyreviewed the potential mechanisms in data centers that provided flexibilities together with flexiblecontracts such as green service level and supply-demand agreements. We extended state-of-the-artby introducing the methodological building blocks and foundations of management systems for theabove mentioned two perspectives. We validated our results by conducting experiments on a lab-gradescale cloud computing data center at the premises of HPE in Milano. The obtained results support thetheoretical model, by highlighting the excellent potential of flexible service level agreements in Green IT:33% of overall energy savings and 50% of power demand reduction during demand-response periods inthe case of data center federation. Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9251 VL - 2019 IS - 12 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stalph, Florian T1 - Evolving data teams: Tensions between organisational structure and professional subculture JF - Big Data & Society N2 - This study explores the integration of data journalism within three European legacy news organisations through the lens of organisational structure and professional culture. Interviews with data journalists and editors suggest that professional routines resonate with established data journalism epistemologies, values, and norms that appear to be constitutional for an inter-organisational data journalism subculture. At the same time, organisational structure either integrates the journalistic subculture by increasing levels of complexity, formalisation, and centralisation or rejects it by not accommodating it structurally or culturally. The three data teams work along epistemologies of computer-assisted reporting, investigative journalism, and data journalism but differentiate themselves through nuanced understandings of data journalism practice, driven by individual journalists. After a structureless episode, one team sets itself apart as it diverges from data-driven routines and orients itself towards technological and interdisciplinary interactive journalism. The findings show an interdependence of individual efforts, varying conceptualisations of data journalism practice, and interplay between organisational structure and professional culture. KW - Computer-assisted reporting, data journalism, journalistic routines, newsroom organisation, organisational structure, journalism culture Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9236 N1 - Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universitätsbibliothek Passau ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mönig, Julia Maria T1 - Von der Privatheit(-sforschung) zur (Werte-)Ethik JF - Abschlussmagazin des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1681/2 "Privatheit & Digitalisierung" N2 - Julia Maria Mönig formuliert in ihrem Beitrag ein Zwischenfazit der bisherigen Privatheitsforschung, indem sie hier einen ›ethical turn‹ konstatiert. Am Beispiel der Covid-19-Pandemie stellt sie die drei Privatheitsdimensionen nach Rössler dar und zeigt dabei auf, wie diese unmittelbar ethische und prinzipielle Fragen aufwerfen, in welcher Gesellschaft wir leben wollen und welche Werte dabei gelten sollen. Die Erweiterungen der Privatheitsforschung um das ethische Moment zeigen sich insbesondere in der Technologie- und KI-Forschung, in denen ethische Leitlinien zukünftig erstellt und umgesetzt werden müssen. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10139 SP - 11 EP - 16 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riegraf, Birgitt T1 - Die Sphäre der Privatheit in Zeiten der Digitalisierung JF - Abschlussmagazin des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1681/2 "Privatheit & Digitalisierung" N2 - Birgitt Riegraf versucht sich an einer soziologischen ›Neudefinition der Privatheit‹, die im Zuge der zu beobachtenden Digitalisierungs- und damit verbundenen gesellschaftlichen Transformationsprozesse notwendig geworden ist. Digitalisierungsprozesse führen zur Grenzverschiebungen und -verwischungen, wenn nicht gar zu Grenzauflösungen zwischen der privaten und der öffentlichen Sphäre, wobei die Grenzziehung zwischen den Sphären des ›Privaten‹ und des ›Öffentlichen‹ eine grundlegende Säule in der Konzeption liberaler Gesellschaften darstellt. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10140 SP - 17 EP - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rössler, Beate T1 - Was bedeutet es, in der digitalen Gesellschaft zu leben? Zur digitalen Transformation des Menschen JF - Abschlussmagazin des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1681/2 "Privatheit & Digitalisierung" N2 - Menschliche Handlungen werden zunehmend von digitalen Technologien übernommen und diese immer weitreichender in soziale Praktiken integriert. Personen, Beziehungen und soziale Strukturen unabhängig von digitalen Technologien zu verstehen, wird dabei quasi unmöglich. Beate Rössler beschäftigt sich aus philosophischer Perspektive mit den grundlegenden Konsequenzen der technischen und digitalen Umwälzungen für das menschliche Leben und prüft, ob diese lediglich auf menschliche Verhaltensweisen wirken und gar auf die menschliche Natur – ein Begriff, der dazu diskutiert wird. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10156 SP - 20 EP - 25 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grimm, Petra T1 - Mediatisierte Privatheit in der Corona-Pandemie JF - Abschlussmagazin des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1681/2 "Privatheit & Digitalisierung" N2 - Petra Grimm geht der Frage nach, inwiefern die Corona-Pandemie die Bedeutung von Privatheit in der Alltagswelt verändert hat. Hierzu leitet sie eingangs neue gesellschaftliche Narrative zur Privatheit unter Pandemie-Bedingungen aus dem gesellschaftlichen Diskurs ab. Hieran anknüpfend untersucht sie Privatheitsmodelle anhand fiktionaler Medientexte, die während des Lockdowns im Frühjahr 2020 entstanden sind (u.a. die Drama-Serie Liebe jetzt! und die Comedy-Serie Drinnen. Im Internet sind alle gleich). Dabei zeigt sie, inwiefern die Beschränkung auf den privaten Raum als Identitäts- oder Beziehungskrise verhandelt wird und macht auch Gendereffekte sichtbar, insofern die Krise je nach Geschlecht der Protagonist:innen unterschiedlich erzählt wird. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10167 SP - 27 EP - 31 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trost, Kai Erik T1 - Person(en) sein können – die heutige Privatheit aus einer sozialräumlichen Perspektive JF - Abschlussmagazin des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1681/2 "Privatheit & Digitalisierung" N2 - Kai Erik Trost nimmt eine soziale Perspektive auf Privatheit ein. In seinem Dissertationsprojekt am Graduiertenkolleg untersucht er die Semantiken des Freundschaftsbegriffs innerhalb digital kommunizierender jugendlicher Freundeskreise im Rahmen einer empirischen Interviewstudie. Im Magazinbeitrag stellt er anhand eines Interviewbeispiels Teilergebnisse seiner Arbeit vor. Dabei zeigt sich, dass Privatheit stets dynamisch und kontextspezifisch zu denken ist. Aus sozialräumlicher Sicht schafft Privatheit einen Rahmen, um als Person in Form unterschiedlicher Erscheinungen aufzutreten und dabei verschiedene Identitätsaspekte herausstellen zu können. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10175 SP - 32 EP - 35 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlegel, Marcel T1 - Aufenthaltsstatus: ungeklärt – Was Polit-Influencer:innen für Meinungsführer und Öffentlichkeitskonzepte bedeuten JF - Abschlussmagazin des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1681/2 "Privatheit & Digitalisierung" N2 - Wer politische Influencer:innen mit jenen Konzepten zu erklären versucht, die Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft bisher bereitstellen, muss scheitern, weil diese Disziplinen ihre Theorien in Abhängigkeit zu den Massenmedien formulierten. Denn wo vormals private Akteur:innen über Soziale Medien an öffentliche Sprecherrollen gelangen, offenbaren jene Theoriestränge Lücken, die sich bis dato unabhängig voneinander mit Einflusspersonen beider Sphären auseinandersetzen. Diesem Defizit nähert sich Marcel Schlegel an. Sein Vorschlag: Erst wenn man Meinungsführer- und Öffentlichkeitstheorien miteinander verbindet, lässt sich die kommunikative Rolle der neuartigen Online-Einflusspersonen beschreiben. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10181 SP - 36 EP - 47 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ochs, Carsten T1 - Lost in Transformation? Einige Hypothesen zur Systematik der Strukturtransformation informationeller Privatheit vom 18. Jh. bis heute JF - Abschlussmagazin des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1681/2 "Privatheit & Digitalisierung" N2 - Carsten Ochs entwirft in seinem Beitrag den Versuch einer sozialhistorischen Systematik, die den Wandel informationeller Privatheit kategorisch nachzeichnen will. Dabei zeigt er auf, wie sich Praktiken informationeller Privatheit im 18. Jh. zunächst als ‚bürgerliche Privatheitstechniken‘ unter einem ‚Ehrschutzprinzip‘ herausbilden, sich im Verlauf in Richtung ‚Rückzugstechniken‘ transformieren und in einer digital-vernetzten Gesellschaft eher Techniken der individuellen Informationskontrolle vorherrschen. Es bleibt abzuwarten, welchem Prinzip die informationelle Privatheit im 21. Jh. folgen wird. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10191 SP - 48 EP - 54 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Keber, Tobias T1 - Datenschutz und Mediensystem – Altersverifikation und Uploadfilter aus intradisziplinärer Perspektive JF - Abschlussmagazin des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1681/2 "Privatheit & Digitalisierung" N2 - Tobias Keber legt dar, warum Datenschutz und Jugendmedienschutz gemeinsam gedacht werden müssen. Am Beispiel von entwicklungsbeeinträchtigenden Inhalten bei TikTok zeigt er Konfliktlinien zwischen dem Datenschutzrecht und den Medien und Informationsfreiheiten auf und macht deutlich, dass für eine angemessene Symmetrie sowohl ein Ausgleichswerkzeug als auch ein fachgebietsübergreifender Austausch notwendig sind. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10206 SP - 56 EP - 61 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krafka, Alexander T1 - Einigkeit und Recht und Sicherheit – Das Sicherheitsdispositiv als aktuelles Paradigma der Privatheitskultur JF - Abschlussmagazin des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1681/2 "Privatheit & Digitalisierung" N2 - Was haben Freiheit, Gleichheit und Sicherheit mit Sex, Drugs and Rock 'n' Roll zu tun? Unter anderem dieser Frage geht Alexander Krafka in seinem Beitrag nach. Anhand der Elemente dreier Trinitäten untersucht der Jurist, was es bedeuten könnte, wenn sich eine Gesellschaftsordnung dem Sicherheitsparadigma verschreibt. Er deckt dabei die gleichsam paradoxe Konsequenz auf, dass Sicherheit ebendies, was sie zu schützen vorgibt, immer auch in Gefahr bringen kann: nämlich die Freiheit. Und damit auch die Privatheit. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10213 SP - 62 EP - 65 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schiedermair, Stephanie T1 - Das Recht auf Vergessenwerden zwischen Luxemburg, Straßburg, Karlsruhe und der Welt JF - Abschlussmagazin des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1681/2 "Privatheit & Digitalisierung" N2 - Stephanie Schiedermair befasst sich aus internationaler Perspektive mit dem ›Recht auf Vergessenwerden‹ und nimmt dabei die weltweite Rezeption, die Unterschiede nationaler Rechtsordnungen und die vielfältigen Herausforderungen mit in den Blick. Sie diskutiert die weltweiten Auswirkungen des Google Spain Urteils und geht der Frage nach, wie darauffolgende Gerichtsentscheidungen und Gesetzgebungsprozesse das Spannungsfeld von Erinnern und Vergessen im Internet balancieren zu versuchen. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10229 SP - 66 EP - 70 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller-Terpitz, Ralf T1 - Mediale Öffentlichkeit vs. Schutz der Privatheit – Juristische Grenzverschiebungen durch die Digitalisierung? JF - Abschlussmagazin des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1681/2 "Privatheit & Digitalisierung" N2 - Weil private Vorgänge und sensible Informationen im Internet immer auch in öffentliche Kontexte gelangen und dort potenziell dauerhaft verfügbar sein können, hat das Netz die Rechtsprechung von Beginn an vor schwierige Abwägungsentscheidungen gestellt: zwischen dem Recht auf Privatheit und jenem auf Information und Kommunikation. In welche Richtung das Pendel der Rechtsprechung in den vergangenen Jahren ausschlug, hat Ralf Müller-Terpitz untersucht und dabei eine klare Tendenz ausgemacht. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10232 SP - 71 EP - 76 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von Lewinski, Kai T1 - Die Borkenstruktur des Datenschutzes am Baum der Privatheit im Wald der Datenmacht JF - Abschlussmagazin des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1681/2 "Privatheit & Digitalisierung" N2 - Kai von Lewinski nimmt eine juristische Perspektive ein und rekonstruiert kritisch die Grenzen der gegenwertigen Gesetzgebung im Bereich des Informationsrechts und des Datenschutzes, die äußerst individualistisch vorgehen. Das Datenschutzrecht fokussiert auf den einzelnen Datenverarbeitungsschritt in Bezug auf eine bestimmte ›betroffene Person‹ und kann daher die gegenwärtigen informationellen Vermachtungen kaum fassen. Der Artikel plädiert dafür, die interdisziplinäre Perspektive auf Privatsphäreschutz weiterzuverfolgen, die im Graduiertenkolleg entwickelt wurde. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10122 SP - 6 EP - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Graf Lambsdorff, Johann A1 - Giamattei, Marcus A1 - Werner, Katharina A1 - Schubert, Manuel T1 - Team reasoning - Experimental evidence on cooperation from centipede games JF - PloS ONE N2 - Previous laboratory studies on the centipede game have found that subjects exhibit surprisingly high levels of cooperation. Across disciplines, it has recently been highlighted that these high levels of cooperation might be explained by “team reasoning”, the willingness to think as a team rather than as an individual. We run an experiment with a standard centipede game as a baseline. In two treatments, we seek to induce team reasoning by making a joint goal salient. First, we implement a probabilistic variant of the centipede game that makes it easy to identify a joint goal. Second, we frame the game as a situation where a team of two soccer players attempts to score a goal. This frame increases the salience even more. Compared to the baseline, our treatments induce higher levels of cooperation. In a second experiment, we obtain similar evidence in a more natural environment–a beer garden during the 2014 FIFA Soccer World Cup. Our study contributes to understanding how a salient goal can support cooperation. KW - Sports KW - Games KW - Team reasoning KW - Game theory KW - Altruistic behavior KW - Spieltheorie KW - Kooperatives Verhalten KW - Centipede game Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-5913 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 13 IS - 11 PB - PLOS CY - San Francisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kronawitter, Stefan A1 - Lengauer, Christian T1 - Polyhedral Search Space Exploration in the ExaStencils Code Generator JF - ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization N2 - Performance optimization of stencil codes requires data locality improvements. The polyhedron model for loop transformation is well suited for such optimizations with established techniques, such as the PLuTo algorithm and diamond tiling. However, in the domain of our project ExaStencils, stencil codes, it fails to yield optimal results. As an alternative, we propose a new, optimized, multi-dimensional polyhedral search space exploration and demonstrate its effectiveness: we obtain better results than existing approaches in several cases. We also propose how to specialize the search for the domain of stencil codes, which dramatically reduces the exploration effort without significantly impairing performance. KW - Software performance KW - Source code generation KW - Discrete space search Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-5778 SN - 1544-3973 VL - 15 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sallen, Jeffrey A1 - Hirschmann, Florian A1 - Herrmann, Christian T1 - Evaluation and Adaption of the Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS) for Assessment in Competitive Sports JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - The demands of a career in competitive sports can lead to chronic stress perception among athletes if there is a non-conformity of requirements and available coping resources. The Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS) (Schulz et al., 2004) is said to be thoroughly validated. Nevertheless, it has not yet been subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis. The present study aims (1) to evaluate the factorial validity of the TICS within the context of competitive sports and (2) to adapt a short version (TICS-36). The total sample consisted of 564 athletes (age in years: M = 19.1, SD = 3.70). The factor structure of the original TICS did not adequately fit the present data, whereas the short version presented a satisfactory fit. The results indicate that the TICS-36 is an economical instrument for gathering interpretable information about chronic stress. For assessment in competitive sports with TICS-36, we generated overall and gender-specific norm values. KW - Chronic stressors KW - Mental health KW - Athletes KW - Stress measurement KW - Olympic sports KW - Factor analysis KW - Measurement invariance Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-5281 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fickert, Thomas T1 - Better Resilient than Resistant—Regeneration Dynamics of Storm-Disturbed Mangrove Forests on the Bay Island of Guanaja (Honduras) during the First Two Decades after Hurricane Mitch (October 1998) JF - Diversity N2 - Located at the interface of land and sea, Caribbean mangroves frequently experience severe disturbances by hurricanes, but in most cases storm-impacted mangrove forests are able to regenerate. How exactly regeneration proceeds, however, is still a matter of debate: does—due to the specific site conditions—regeneration follows a true auto-succession with exactly the same set of species driving regeneration that was present prior to the disturbance, or do different trajectories of regeneration exist? Considering the fundamental ecosystem services mangroves provide, a better understanding of their recovery is crucial. The Honduran island of Guanaja offers ideal settings for the study of regeneration dynamics of storm-impacted mangrove forests. The island was hit in October 1998 by Hurricane Mitch, one of the most intense Atlantic storms of the past century. Immediately after the storm, 97% of the mangroves were classified as dead. In 2005, long-term monitoring on the regeneration dynamics of the mangroves of the island was initiated, employing permanent line-transects at six different mangrove localities all around the island, which have been revisited in 2009 and 1016. Due to the pronounced topography of the island, different successional pathways emerge depending on the severity of the previous disturbance. KW - Guanaja KW - Mangrove regeneration KW - Hurricane disturbance KW - Successional pathways Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-5247 SN - 1424-2818 VL - 10 IS - 1 PB - MDPI AG CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petit, Albin A1 - Cerqueus, Thomas A1 - Boutet, Antoine A1 - Ben Mokhtar, Sonia A1 - Coquil, David A1 - Brunie, Lionel A1 - Kosch, Harald T1 - SimAttack: private web search under fire JF - Journal of Internet Services and Applications N2 - Web Search engines have become an indispensable online service to retrieve content on the Internet. However, using search engines raises serious privacy issues as the latter gather large amounts of data about individuals through their search queries. Two main techniques have been proposed to privately query search engines. A first category of approaches, called unlinkability, aims at disassociating the query and the identity of its requester. A second category of approaches, called indistinguishability, aims at hiding user’s queries or user’s interests by either obfuscating user’s queries, or forging new fake queries. This paper presents a study of the level of protection offered by three popular solutions: Tor-based, TrackMeNot, and GooPIR. For this purpose, we present an efficient and scalable attack – SimAttack – leveraging a similarity metric to capture the distance between preliminary information about the users (i.e., history of query) and a new query. SimAttack de-anonymizes up to 36.7 % of queries protected by an unlinkability solution (i.e., Tor-based), and identifies up to 45.3 and 51.6 % of queries protected by indistinguishability solutions (i.e., TrackMeNot and GooPIR, respectively). In addition, SimAttack de-anonymizes 6.7 % more queries than state-of-the-art attacks and dramatically improves the performance of the attack on TrackMeNot by 23.6 %, while retaining an execution time faster by two orders of magnitude. KW - Privacy KW - Web search KW - Unlinkability KW - Indistinguishability Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-3574 SN - 1869-0238 PB - SpringerOpen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Buttkereit, Aline A1 - Heinrich, Horst-Alfred A1 - Reithmayr, Lorenz A1 - Watmann, Alice A1 - Weyland, Verena T1 - Prozeßbegleitendes lautes Denken im Museum: Methodenbericht und Ergebnisdokumentation N2 - Bei dem Forschungsprojekt, auf das sich diese Datendokumentation bezieht, geht es um die Erfassung des Rezeptionsverhaltens im Museum. Dazu wurden Probanden gebeten, während des Besuchs der ersten sieben Räume im Museum Veste Oberhaus in Passau die Gedanken zu verbalisieren, die ihnen beim Betrachten der Objekte durch den Kopf gingen. Die Verbaltranskripte der Tonaufnahmen zum Lauten Denken sind hier abgedruckt und stehen der Forschung zur Verfügung zusammen mit den Fotografien der Museumsobjekte aus diesen Räumen. N2 - The data documentation is result of a research project which deals with reception behaviour of museum visitors. Following the think-aloud method, all test persons had to verbalise their thoughts while visiting the first seven rooms of the Museum Veste Oberhaus in Passau and while thinking about the exposition objects. All transcripts of audio recording are published, here, together with the photos of all objects presented in these rooms. KW - Qualitative Sozialforschung KW - Rezeptionsforschung KW - Museumskunde KW - Museumsdokumentation KW - Museumsbestand qualitative social research KW - think-aloud method Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus-27467 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nies, Martin T1 - Short Cuts - Great Stories: Sinnvermittlung in filmischem Erzählen in der Literatur und literarischem Erzählen im Film N2 - Auf mediensemiotischer Grundlage erschließt der Beitrag erstmals theoretisch die für die 1990er und 2000er Jahre stilbildende Short Cuts-Narration, wie sie in der Folge von Robert Altmans gleichnamigem Film u.a. für Pulp Fiction, Magnolia, Babel, Amores Perros, L.A. Crash oder Love Actually und Cloud Atlas, aber auch für eine Vielzahl von literarischen Texten der Gegenwart ästhetisch prägend wurde. Die Erzählweise wird definiert, hinsichtlich ihrer Funktion in den Bedeutungskonstrukten systematisiert und in ihrer historischen Genese betrachtet, wobei 'Fragmentierung' und 'Vernetzung' als zentrale Paradigmen der Short Cuts-Narration auch im Kontext von Moderne und Postmoderne verortet werden. Kontrapunktisch behandelt der Beitrag zudem filmische Literaturfiktionen und deren semantische Funktionen. KW - Erzähltheorie KW - Film KW - Short cuts KW - Robert Altman KW - Quentin Tarantino KW - Pulp Fiction KW - Wolfgang Koeppen KW - Sibylle Berg Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus-27411 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gamerith, Werner T1 - Welthauptstadt New York: Boom and Bust auf engstem Raum N2 - Die folgenden Ausführungen wollen den historischen Prozeß der Metropolisierung der Stadt New York zunächst anhand der Verdichtungsphänomene ermessen, die sich wie ein "roter Faden" durch die Transformation der Insel Manhattan ziehen. Beispielhafte Entwicklungsmuster des 17., 18., und vor allem 19.Jahrhunderts lassen die extreme Ballung und den Aufschwung zur Welthauptstadt des 20.Jahrhunderts verstehen. KW - Weltstadt KW - New York Y1 - 2000 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus-17582 ER -