TY - THES A1 - Öttl, Sebastian T1 - Grenzüberschreitendes CSR-Management in Multinationalen Unternehmen. Identitäten, Praktiken & Strukturen vor dem Hintergrund institutioneller Komplexität. T1 - Cross-Border CSR Management in Multinational Corporations. Meeting Institutional Complexity through Identities, Practices & Structures. N2 - Multinationale Unternehmen (MNUs) sind durch ihre grenzüberschreitende Tätigkeit in besonderem Maße mit nicht immer kompatiblen Forderungen und Erwartungen unterschiedlichen institutionell-kulturellen Ursprungs konfrontiert. Dies gilt insbesondere auch für ihr internationales Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)-Management. Die vorliegende Dissertation geht daher der Frage nach, wie MNUs in ihrem grenzüberschreitenden CSR-Management mit eben dieser institutionellen Komplexität umgehen – d.h. wie sie es entlang von Identitäten, Praktiken und Strukturen organisieren und damit ihre Antworten auf bestimmte institutionelle Forderungen und Erwartungen gestalten? Die hierfür durchgeführte, vergleichende Mehrfallstudie kommt diesbezüglich zu drei zentralen Ergebnissen: (1) Zum einen variiert der Umgang mit institutioneller Komplexität derzeit entlang unterschiedlicher innerhalb der MNUs gleichzeitig realisierter Typen grenzüberschreitenden CSR-Managements. (2) Zum anderen fungiert die CSR-Identität der MNUs als ein diese Typen organisierender institutioneller Filter. (3) Da der institutionelle Bezugspunkt der CSR-Identitäten allerdings zunehmend ein transnationaler ist, führt dieser Mechanismus auch zu einer sukzessiven, praktisch-strukturellen Vereinheitlichung grenzüberschreitenden CSR-Managements; unterschiedliche Erwartungen beispielsweise nationalen Ursprungs treten damit für die untersuchten MNUs schrittweise in den Hintergrund. Damit stellt diese Arbeit nicht nur die Homogenitätsannahme bisheriger CSR-Internationalisierungsstudien infrage. Ihr Einblick in die selektive Bewältigung institutioneller Komplexität verweist auch auf die Schlüsselrolle von CSR-Identitäten sowie auf die wachsende Bedeutung transnationaler Institutionen. Damit trägt vorliegende Dissertation maßgeblich sowohl zur internationalen als auch zur institutionellen CSR-Forschung bei. N2 - Through their cross-border activities, multinational corporations (MNCs) are particularly exposed to potentially incompatible demands and expectations of varying institutional and cultural origin. This is especially true for their international corporate social responsibility (CSR) management. The present dissertation therefore investigates how MNCs cope with institutional complexity in their cross-border CSR management – i.e. how they organize it along identities, practices and structures and how this shapes their responses to specific institutional demands and expectations? The multiple comparative case studies executed to this end yield three major insights: (1) First, how MNCs cope with institutional complexity varies along different, simultaneously realized types of cross-border CSR management. (2) Moreover, MNCs’ CSR identity functions as an institutional filter that, at the same time, organizes these types. However, (3) as their CSR identities are increasingly inspired by transnational institutions, this mechanism successively results in practically and structurally standardizing MNCs’ cross-border CSR management; as a consequence, in the companies under investigation, different demands e.g. from national origin are gradually sidelined. Thus, the present research not only challenges the assumption of homogenous CSR management held up by previous internationalization studies. Its insights into how MNCs selectively cope with institutional complexity also emphasize the key role played by CSR identities and point to the growing influence of transnational institutions. Thereby, this dissertation decisively contributes to existing work both in the field of international and institutional CSR research. KW - CSR KW - Institutionelle Komplexität KW - Internationales Management KW - Multinationales Unternehmen KW - Mehrfallstudie KW - Corporate Social Responsibility KW - Multinationales Unternehmen KW - Institutionentheorie KW - Qualitative Sozialforschung KW - Internationales Management Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-5128 CY - Passau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zwicklbauer, Stefan A1 - Seifert, Christin A1 - Granitzer, Michael T1 - Robust and Collective Entity Disambiguation through Semantic Embeddings N2 - Entity disambiguation is the task of mapping ambiguous terms in natural-language text to its entities in a knowledge base. It finds its application in the extraction of structured data in RDF (Resource Description Framework) from textual documents, but equally so in facilitating artificial intelligence applications, such as Semantic Search, Reasoning and Question & Answering. We propose a new collective, graph-based disambiguation algorithm utilizing semantic entity and document embeddings for robust entity disambiguation. Robust thereby refers to the property of achieving better than state-of-the-art results over a wide range of very different data sets. Our approach is also able to abstain if no appropriate entity can be found for a specific surface form. Our evaluation shows, that our approach achieves significantly (>5%) better results than all other publicly available disambiguation algorithms on 7 of 9 datasets without data set specific tuning. Moreover, we discuss the influence of the quality of the knowledge base on the disambiguation accuracy and indicate that our algorithm achieves better results than non-publicly available state-of-the-art algorithms. KW - Entity Linking KW - Entity Disambiguation KW - Neuronal Networks KW - Embeddings Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-3704 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Zwicklbauer, Stefan A1 - Seifert, Christin A1 - Granitzer, Michael T1 - DoSeR - A Knowledge-Base-Agnostic Framework for Entity Disambiguation Using Semantic Embeddings N2 - Entity disambiguation is the task of mapping ambiguous terms in natural-language text to its entities in a knowledge base. It finds its application in the extraction of structured data in RDF (Resource Description Framework) from textual documents, but equally so in facilitating artificial intelligence applications, such as Semantic Search, Reasoning and Question & Answering. In this work, we propose DoSeR (Disambiguation of Semantic Resources), a (named) entity disambiguation framework that is knowledge-base-agnostic in terms of RDF (e.g. DBpedia) and entity-annotated document knowledge bases (e.g. Wikipedia). Initially, our framework automatically generates semantic entity embeddings given one or multiple knowledge bases. In the following, DoSeR accepts documents with a given set of surface forms as input and collectively links them to an entity in a knowledge base with a graph-based approach. We evaluate DoSeR on seven different data sets against publicly available, state-of-the-art (named) entity disambiguation frameworks. Our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches that make use of RDF knowledge bases and/or entity-annotated document knowledge bases by up to 10% F1 measure. KW - Linked Data KW - Entity Disambiguation KW - Neural Networks KW - Semantic Web Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-3670 ER - TY - THES A1 - Zwicklbauer, Stefan T1 - Robust Entity Linking in Heterogeneous Domains N2 - Entity Linking is the task of mapping terms in arbitrary documents to entities in a knowledge base by identifying the correct semantic meaning. It is applied in the extraction of structured data in RDF (Resource Description Framework) from textual documents, but equally so in facilitating artificial intelligence applications, such as Semantic Search, Reasoning and Question and Answering. Most existing Entity Linking systems were optimized for specific domains (e.g., general domain, biomedical domain), knowledge base types (e.g., DBpedia, Wikipedia), or document structures (e.g., tables) and types (e.g., news articles, tweets). This led to very specialized systems that lack robustness and are only applicable for very specific tasks. In this regard, this work focuses on the research and development of a robust Entity Linking system in terms of domains, knowledge base types, and document structures and types. To create a robust Entity Linking system, we first analyze the following three crucial components of an Entity Linking algorithm in terms of robustness criteria: (i) the underlying knowledge base, (ii) the entity relatedness measure, and (iii) the textual context matching technique. Based on the analyzed components, our scientific contributions are three-fold. First, we show that a federated approach leveraging knowledge from various knowledge base types can significantly improve robustness in Entity Linking systems. Second, we propose a new state-of-the-art, robust entity relatedness measure for topical coherence computation based on semantic entity embeddings. Third, we present the neural-network-based approach Doc2Vec as a textual context matching technique for robust Entity Linking. Based on our previous findings and outcomes, our main contribution in this work is DoSeR (Disambiguation of Semantic Resources). DoSeR is a robust, knowledge-base-agnostic Entity Linking framework that extracts relevant entity information from multiple knowledge bases in a fully automatic way. The integrated algorithm represents a collective, graph-based approach that utilizes semantic entity and document embeddings for entity relatedness and textual context matching computation. Our evaluation shows, that DoSeR achieves state-of-the-art results over a wide range of different document structures (e.g., tables), document types (e.g., news documents) and domains (e.g., general domain, biomedical domain). In this context, DoSeR outperforms all other (publicly available) Entity Linking algorithms on most data sets. KW - Entity Linking KW - Neural Networks KW - Knowledge Bases KW - Linked Data KW - Wissensbasiertes System Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-5047 ER - TY - THES A1 - Zukowski, Ulrich T1 - Flexible Computation of the Well-Founded Semantics of Normal Logic Programs T1 - Flexible Computation of the Well-Founded Semantics of Normal Logic Programs N2 - The well-founded semantics has been accepted as the most relevant semantics for logic-based information systems. In this dissertation a framework based on a set of program transformations is presented that generalizes all major computation approaches for the well-founded semantics using a common data structure and provides a common language to describe their evaluation strategy. This rewriting system gives the formal background to analyze and combine different evaluation strategies in a common framework, or to design new algorithms and prove the correctness of its implementations at a high level just by changing the order of program transformations. N2 - Die wohlfundierte Semantik hat sich als eine der wichtigsten Semantiken für logische Regelsprachen herausgestellt. In dieser Dissertation wird ein Framework vorgestellt, das, basierend auf Programmtransformationen, eine einheitliche Datenstruktur und eine einheitliche Sprache zur Beschreibung von Auswertungsstrategien definiert und dadurch alle wichtigen Auswertungsverfahren für die wohlfundierte Semantik verallgemeinert. Das in dieser Dissertation vorgestellte Transformationssystem liefert die formalen Mittel, um unterschiedliche Auswertungsstrategien für die wohlfundierte Semantik analysieren und kombinieren zu können, oder um neue Algorithmen auf einem hohen Abstraktionsniveau durch Angabe regulärer Ausdrücke zu spezifizieren und deren Korrektheit beweisen zu können. KW - Logische Programmierung KW - Programmtransformation KW - Wohlfundierte Semantik KW - Logische Programme KW - Programmtransformation KW - Auswertungsstrategien KW - well-founded semantics KW - program transformations KW - Wohlfundierte Semantik Y1 - 2001 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus-226 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zolles, Christian T1 - Der Wald des Mittelalters N2 - ‚Der Wald des Mittelalters‘ soll im Folgenden nicht allein als historisches Dokument beschäftigen – als kultureller Text im 11. bis 13. Jahrhundert, dessen Bedeutung von einem System symbolischer Formen (Ernst Cassirer) oder den Organisationsniveaus einer Semiosphäre (Jurij M. Lotman) bestimmt wird. Ergänzt um den Faktor des historischen Archivs steht darüber hinaus die Form seiner Erinnerung zur Diskussion, wodurch er vielmehr als historisches Monument erscheint (Michel Foucault), als Palimpsest, dessen verblasste Inschriften Zeugnis vom Wechsel historischer Vorschriften abgeben. T3 - Schriften zur Kultur- und Mediensemiotik | Online - 2018.4.12 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-7901 SN - 2364-9224 SP - 285 EP - 312 ER - TY - THES A1 - Zink, Roland T1 - Raum für Energie - Ein integratives Konzept zur Modellierung einer regionalen nachhaltigen Energieversorgung T1 - Space for Energy – An integrative concept for modelling a regional sustainable energy supply N2 - Die nachhaltige Transformation der Energiesysteme wird in politischen wie gesellschaftlichen Diskussionen häufig auf die Parole „weg von fossil-atomaren hin zu erneuerbaren Energieformen“ reduziert. Dies allein wird dem Leitbild allerdings nicht zwingend gerecht. Zum einen erfüllen auch erneuerbare Energien nicht in jeder Region die Kriterien der Nachhaltigkeit und zum anderen gibt die bloße Forderung nach mehr erneuerbaren Energien noch keine Orientierung bezüglich der konkreten Umsetzung. Wo die neuen Energieformen gebaut werden sollen und wie die Technologien Bioenergie, Geothermie, Photovoltaik, Wasserkraft oder Windenergie in bestehende Versorgungsstrukturen eingebunden werden können, bleibt folglich unbeantwortet. Gleichzeitig führt die einseitige Beachtung von ökonomischer Rentabilität bzw. staatlicher Subventionierung häufig zu räumlichen Fehlallokationen und gesellschaftlichen Friktionen. Die Arbeit will deshalb einen wissenschaftlich fundierten und zugleich praktikablen Weg zur Gestaltung einer regionalen nachhaltigen Energieversorgung aufzeigen. Nachhaltigkeit ist demzufolge bereits in die konzeptionelle Entwicklung der Energiestrategie zu integrieren und anschließend für die praktische Anwendung zu operationalisieren. Aufbauend auf der Suche nach nachhaltigen Strukturen in der Energieversorgung wird eine neue Zieldefinition von nachhaltiger Energieversorgung formuliert, um anschließend das Konzept doppelter Nachhaltigkeit zu entwickeln. Vorgabe der Zieldefinition ist es, die Bereiche der Technologiebewertung und der Potenzial- bzw. Standortsuche in einem räumlichen Kontext gemeinsam zu betrachten. Neben der Frage, welche Technologien für eine nachhaltige Versorgung in einer Region am besten geeignet sind, rückt das Konzept bei der Standortplanung die Suche nach ökonomisch rentablen, ökologisch verträglichen und sozial akzeptierten Orten in den Mittelpunkt. Damit wird eine Energiestrategie vorgestellt, die, orientiert an den Leitlinien einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung, einen Weg aufzeigt, wie kommunale und regionale Energieversorgungsstrukturen räumlich gestaltet und anhand von Nachhaltigkeitskriterien optimiert werden können. Angewendet wird das Konzept doppelter Nachhaltigkeit exemplarisch für den Regierungsbezirk Niederbayern. N2 - The sustainable transformation of the energy system in political and social discussions is often reduced to the slogan "from fossil-nuclear to renewable forms of energy." But this single postulation does not meet the vision of sustainable development. On the one hand also renewable energies do not comply in every region the criteria of sustainability and on the other hand only the call for more renewable energies does not provide orientation for implementation. Questions on where the new energy technologies will be built and how the technologies i.e. bioenergy, geothermal, photovoltaics, hydropower or wind energy can be integrated into existing energy supply systems remain unanswered. Simultaneously the one-sided view on economic profitability or state subsidies and the absence of a comprehensive coordinated site planning often leads to spatial misallocation and social frictions. Hence, the thesis will show a scientifically sound and practical way to design a regional sustainable energy system. Sustainability has to be integrated already in the conceptual development of the energy strategy and then needs to be operationalize for practical application. Based on the search for sustainable structures in the energy sector, a new target definition of sustainable energy supply system is formulated in order to develop the "concept of double sustainability". Central element of the target definition is to regard the technology assessment and the potential- or site planning together in a spatial context. Besides the question which technologies are the most suitable for a sustainable supply in a region, the primary focus of the concept is on site planning, to identify the potential of profitable, ecological and socially acceptable places. As a result an energy strategy is presented based on the guidelines for sustainable development, demonstrating a way how to design local or regional sustainable energy systems and how to optimize them using sustainability criteria. Moreover the application of the "concept of double sustainability" is demonstrated based on a case study for the District of Lower Bavaria. KW - Erneuerbare Energien KW - Dezentrale Energieversorgung KW - Geographie KW - Renewable Energy KW - Geography Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus-26988 ER - TY - THES A1 - Zimmermann, Johanna Anita T1 - Taking the First Step on the Consumer Privacy Journey - Three Essays on Consumers' Privacy-Related Decision-Making N2 - Data has become a necessary resource for firm operations in the modern digital world, explaining their growing data gathering efforts. Due to this development, consumers are confronted with decisions to disclose personal data on a daily basis, and have become increasingly intentional about data sharing. While this reluctance to disclose personal data poses challenges for firms, at the same time, it also creates new opportunities for improving privacy-related interactions with customers. This dissertation advocates for a more holistic perspective on consumers’ privacy-related decision-making and introduces the consumer privacy journey consisting of three subsequent phases: pre data disclosure, data disclosure, post data disclosure. In three independent essays, I stress the importance of investigating data requests (i.e., the first step of this journey) as they represent a largely neglected, yet, potentially powerful means to influence consumers’ decision-making and decision-evaluation processes. Based on dual-processing models of decision-making, this dissertation focuses on both consumers’ cognitive and affective evaluations of privacy-related information: First, Essay 1 offers novel conceptualizations and operationalizations of consumers’ perceived behavioral control over personal data (i.e., cognitive processing) in the context of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based data disclosure processes. Next, Essay 2 examines consumers’ cognitive and affective processing of a data request that entails relevance arguments as well as relevance-illustrating game elements. Finally, Essay 3 categorizes affective cues that trigger consumers’ affective processing of a data request and proposes that such cues need to fit with a specific data disclosure situation to foster long-term decision satisfaction. Collectively, my findings provide research and practice with new insights into consumers’ privacy perceptions and behaviors, which are particularly valuable in the context of complex, new (technology-enabled) data disclosure situations. KW - privacy KW - data control KW - gamification KW - dual processing KW - decision making Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13761 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Amelie A1 - Knapp, Dorothe A1 - Seefried, Romina A1 - Dick, Mrijam T1 - Einleitung: Spuren - Netze - Horizonte. Potenziale der Semiotik in der Lehrer*innenbildung N2 - Die Schriften zur Kultur- und Mediensemiotik | Online sind ein Open Access Journal des Virtuellen Zentrums für kultursemiotische Forschung / Virtual Centre for Cultural Semiotics (www.kultursemiotik.com). Ausgabe 7 beleuchtet unterschiedliche Potenziale der Semiotik in der Lehrer*innenbildung, die aus theoretischer Perspektive aufgezeigt oder anhand von Konzepten aus der Praxis mit theoretischer/empirischer Fundierung untersucht werden. Beides findet aus fachlicher, überfachlicher, inter- oder transdisziplinärer Perspektive statt. T3 - Schriften zur Kultur- und Mediensemiotik | Online - 7 KW - Kultursemiotik KW - Lehrerbildung KW - Mediensemiotik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10891 SN - 2364-9224 SP - 9 EP - 13 ER - TY - THES A1 - Zierke, Oliver T1 - Innovation and Competition in the Digital Economy: Implications for Internet Platforms, Telecommunications Networks and Data Sharing Initiatives N2 - Governments around the world currently focus on shaping the digital economy. Particular attention is paid to Internet platforms, Internet infrastructure and data as essential components of the digital economy. The three studies in this thesis contribute to the understanding of the behavior of firms in each of these domains and derive insights for future regulations and business projects. The first study deals with the ranking of content on Internet platforms and how it affects the incentives of content providers to invest in content quality. The focus of the study is on sponsored ranking and organic ranking, but the case that a vertically integrated content provider is favored by an Internet platform is also taken into account. Using a game theoretic model, it is shown that there is no ranking design that strictly leads to more investment compared to the other designs. It is also shown that the Internet platform usually chooses the type of ranking that, from the perspective of the Internet platform and consumers, yields the best expected overall content quality. The second study deals with the incentive of Internet service providers to throttle specific Internet content. The key finding is that Internet service providers use this instrument to utilize the capacity of their telecommunications network more efficiently. This leads not only to more benefits for Internet users, but also to a higher incentive to invest in network capacity due to better monetization. The third study examines the circumstances under which firms are willing to share data with other firms. By means of an economic laboratory experiment, it is shown that more data is shared if the firms have control over who exactly they share data with. Thus, for example, data pools that grant unrestricted data access to all participating firms can be expected to perform worse than data pools that give their participating firms control over with whom their uploaded data is shared. In addition, the third study finds that established relationships are characterized by more data sharing and less volatility in the amount of shared data than new relationships. The study concludes that data sharing projects should not be expected to work optimally right away. In summary, the studies in this thesis identify a number of costs that may arise when digital firms' choice is restricted by regulation or design. The ability of Internet service providers to throttle certain content and the ability of Internet platforms to choose the ranking design are usually used in the best interests of consumers. Data sharing also works best when firms are free to decide who gets their data. KW - online platform KW - ranking algorithm KW - sponsored search KW - platform regulation KW - net neutrality Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10006 ER -