TY - THES A1 - Binder, Alexandra T1 - Universität nachhaltig bauen. Vom Architekturwettbewerb zur gebauten Realität am Campus Passau N2 - In der Praxis wird für den Bildungssektor, insbesondere für Universitäten, bereits nachhaltig gebaut. Häufig kommen hierzu Architekturwettbewerbe als regulierendes Instrument zum Einsatz. In der Theorie jedoch, im Bereich der Architekturgeschichte, wurde dieses Zusammenspiel noch wenig tiefgreifend behandelt. Vor allem, da es sich um ein architekturhistorisch junges Themenfeld handelt. Speziell über die nachhaltige Bauweise am Campus Passau, der erst in den 1970er Jahren im Zuge eines städtebaulichen Ideen- und Bauwettbewerbes entstand und stetig erweitert wird, und deren Wurzeln ist der Öffentlichkeit wenig bekannt. Um diese Informationslücke zu schließen und die Frage zu beantworten, wie Architekturwettbewerbe im Allgemeinen eine nachhaltige Baukultur für Universitäten begünstigen oder sogar festschreiben können, ist die Dissertation „UNIVERSITÄT NACHHALTIG BAUEN“ entstanden. In ihr wird im Zuge der Erforschung der Architekturgeschichte der Universität Passau analysiert, wie Architekturwettbewerbe die Entstehung ihres nachhaltigen Campus etabliert haben und wie sie das auch weiterhin tun. Somit wird ein signifikanter Beitrag zur architektur- sowie insbesondere ideengeschichtlichen Aufarbeitung von Wettbewerbsverfahren als Instrument nachhaltigen Hochschulbaus geleistet. Im Besonderen wird die Identität der Universität Passau als nachhaltige Hochschule über die Darlegung der Tradition klimafreundlichen Bauens am Campus, welche ihren Ursprung in Konkurrenzen hat, gefestigt. Diese exemplarische Entwicklung mit Leitbildcharakter wird erstmals unter Fokussierung auf ein zukunftsweisendes, aktuell sehr präsentes Thema Nachhaltigkeit, zusammenhängend systematisch dokumentiert, analysiert, kontextualisiert sowie kritisch diskutiert. Ziel dieser Vorgehensweise ist es, einen Nachweis fortdauernder nachhaltiger Baukultur, Architektur sowie nachhaltigen Städtebaus am Beispiel des Campus Passau zu erbringen. Untersucht wird die Zeitspanne ab der Gründung anhand der Analyse der entsprechenden Architekturwettbewerbe, mit Schwerpunkt auf das ursprüngliche Verfahren der 70er Jahre für den Campus am Inn bis hin zum aktuellen Verfahren für den Neubau des Internationalen Wissenschaftszentrums am Spitzberg. Die so entstandenen neuen Erkenntnisse bereichern mittels Brückenschlägen zwischen Theorie und Praxis die Nachhaltigkeitsforschung und den bestehenden architekturwissenschaftlichen Diskurs, eröffnen neue Forschungsperspektiven, werden einer breiten Öffentlichkeit erstmals zugänglich gemacht. Sie können unter anderem als Vorbild und unterstützendes Begleitmaterial zukünftiger Planungen dienen. Hervorzuheben ist dabei immer der Fokus auf die historische Entwicklung, architektonische Revolution und Tradition, die zur heutigen Identität des Campus Passau führte. N2 - Sustainable building for education, especially for universities, is already usual in practice. Architectural competitions are therefore frequently used as an instrument of regulation. In the field of history and theory of architecture however, this kind of interaction has rarely been studied profoundly. Particularly, because it is a young theme of architectural history. The sustainable methods of construction for the campus in Passau that was founded in the 1970s by an architectural competition and that grows continuously aren’t well-known in public. Hence this treatise tries to fill this gap and answer the question, how a sustainable building culture can profit form architectural competitions or how it even can be established by them. Because this approach only developed by the intense study of the architectural history of the University of Passau, it shall be analyzed, how architectural competitions have established the birth of a sustainable campus in Passau and how they continue to do so. Thus, a significant contribution to research in architectural history for competition procedures as instrument of a sustainable university architecture can be achieved. Particularly the identity of the University of Passau as sustainable can be revealed by the exploration of the tradition of climate-friendly building on the campus which has its origin in such contests. This exemplary development will be systematically documented, analyzed, contextualized, and critically discussed for the first time with focus on today’s present theme, sustainability. The aim of this procedure is to prove a persisting building culture, architecture as well as sustainable urban planning by the example of the Campus Passau. This period will be examined from the founding by the analysis of the corresponding architectural competitions with main emphasis on the original procedure from the 70s for the campus at the river Inn to the actual process for the new building of the International Centre of Sciences at the Spitzberg. The new achievements should enrich sustainability research and the recent discourse of architectural science in art history. Furthermore, it should open new perspectives of research. The findings should be accessible for the public for the first time. They can be a role model and supporting material for future planning. Meanwhile the focus of this piece of work stays always on the development, tradition and identity of the Campus Passau and its history. KW - Campus Passau KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Bauwesen KW - Architekturwettbewerb Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14993 SN - 978-3-00-080180-8 N1 - Die Dissertation ist kumulativ. Sie schließt Zweitveröffentlichungen bereits veröffentlichter Essays ein, die beim Klinger Verlag am 09.10.2021 (Jörg Trempler, Hg., Architektur am Campus Passau) bzw. beim Pustet Verlag: 11.10.2024 (Britta Kägler und Christian Handschuh, Hg., 400 Jahre akademisches Leben in Passau) erschienen sind. ER - TY - THES A1 - Stier, Julian T1 - Structure of Artificial Neural Networks : Empirical Investigations N2 - Within one decade, Deep Learning overtook the dominating solution methods of countless problems of artificial intelligence. "Deep" refers to the deep architectures with operations in manifolds of which there are no immediate observations. For these deep architectures some kind of structure is pre-defined -- but what is this structure? With a formal definition for structures of neural networks, neural architecture search problems and solution methods can be formulated under a common framework. Both practical and theoretical questions arise from closing the gap between applied neural architecture search and learning theory. Does structure make a difference or can it be chosen arbitrarily? This work is concerned with deep structures of artificial neural networks and examines automatic construction methods under empirical principles to shed light on to the so called ``black-box models''. Our contributions include a formulation of graph-induced neural networks that is used to pose optimisation problems for neural architecture. We analyse structural properties for different neural network objectives such as correctness, robustness or energy consumption and discuss how structure affects them. Selected automation methods for neural architecture optimisation problems are discussed and empirically analysed. With the insights gained from formalising graph-induced neural networks, analysing structural properties and comparing the applicability of neural architecture search methods qualitatively and quantitatively we advance these methods in two ways. First, new predictive models are presented for replacing computationally expensive evaluation schemes, and second, new generative models for informed sampling during neural architecture search are analysed and discussed. KW - neural architecture KW - deep learning KW - graph induced neural networks Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14968 ER - TY - THES A1 - Juhos, Michael T1 - Probabilistic and geometric aspects of classical and non-commutative lp-type spaces in high dimensions N2 - This cumulative dissertation contains selected contributions to the field of asymptotic geometric analysis and high-dimensional probability. It is divided into two chapters: Chapter 1 explains some of the necessary theoretical background. In Section 1.1 it first gives a very concise history of asymptotic geometric analysis in general and then of the objects under study in particular, setting out some cornerstones in the discovery of the functional-analytic, geometric, and probabilistic properties of the spaces under consideration. The next section (1.2) gives the precise definitions and very basic properties of the three lp-type spaces that play a role in the contributed articles: the classical lp-sequence spaces, the mixed-norm sequence spaces, and the Schatten-classes Sp, each in its infinite- and finite-dimensional version. Section 1.3 is dedicated to the interplay between geometry and probability, expounding the general idea, introducing a few of the common tools, and exemplifying these on two kinds of limit theorems: Schechtman-Schmuckenschläger-type results and Poincaré-Maxwell-Borel lemmas. The first chapter concludes with Section 1.4, addressing a small sample of open questions pertaining to the contributed articles which are not answered in said articles and may be the interest of future research. The entirety of Chapter 2 consists of the contributed articles. N2 - Diese kumulative Dissertation enthält ausgewählte Beiträge zum Gebiet der asymptotischen geometrischen Analyse und der hochdimensionalen Wahrscheinlichkeit. Sie ist in zwei Kapitel geteilt: Kapitel 1 erklärt ein wenig des notwendigen theoretischen Hintergrunds. Abschnitt 1.1 bringt eine sehr kurz gefasste Geschichte der asymptotischen geometrischen Analyse im Allgemeinen und der Studienobjekte im Speziellen und legt einige Eckpunkte der Entdeckung der funktionalanalytischen, geometrischen und probabilistischen Eigenschaften der betrachteten Räume dar. Der nächste Abschnitt (1.2) gibt die genauen Definitionen und sehr grundlegenden Eigenschaften jener drei lp-artigen Räume, die in den beigetragenen Artikeln eine Rolle spielen: die klassischen lp-Folgenräume, die Folgenräume mit gemischter Norm und die Schattenklassen Sp, jeweils in der unendlich- und der endlichdimensionalen Version. Abschnitt 1.3 ist dem Zusammenspiel von Geometrie und Wahrscheinlichkeit gewidmet, er erörtert die allgemeine Idee, stellt einige der gebräuchlichen Werkzeuge vor und gibt zwei Beispiele von Grenzwertsätzen dazu: Schechtman-Schmuckenschläger-artige Ergebnisse und Poincaré-Maxwell-Borel-Lemmas. Das erste Kapitel schließt mit Abschnitt 1.4, der einen kleinen Satz von offenen Fragen anspricht, die zu den beigetragenen Artikeln gehören, darin aber nicht beantwortet werden und die das Interesse künftiger Forschung sein mögen. Kapitel 2 besteht zur Gänze aus den beigetragenen Artikeln. KW - functional analysis KW - asymptotic geometric analysis KW - limit theorems KW - lp-space KW - Schatten class Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14857 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kufner, Sabrina A1 - Mägdefrau, Jutta A1 - Birnkammerer, Hannes A1 - Bauer, Andreas A1 - Baumgartner, Sonja A1 - Draber, Sibylle A1 - Eberth, Andreas A1 - Fuchs, Hans-Stefan A1 - Kühnemann, Simone A1 - Mendl, Hans A1 - Müller, Christian A1 - Praml, Elke A1 - Raab, Martina A1 - Stelzer, Florian A1 - Treitinger, Regine A1 - Ulbrich, Anita A1 - Würdinger-Gaidas, Michaela T1 - Gestufte Standards für die Lehrkräftebildung : Kompetenzerwerb unter dem Anspruch von Digitalisierung und Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung N2 - INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Vorwort zur dritten Auflage (1) Jutta Mägdefrau, Sabrina Kufner, Andreas Eberth & Hannes Birnkammerer: Gestufte Standards für die Lehrkräftebildung - Kompetenzerwerb unter dem Anspruch von Digitalisierung und Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (4) 1. Intention, Genese und Weiterentwicklung der Passauer Lehrkräftebildungsstandards 2. Integration der Bildung für Nachhaltige Entwicklung in die Standards 3. Einsatz der Standards in der Praxis Autorengruppe Passauer Lehrerbildungsstandards: Gestufte Standards für die Lehrkräftebildung (nach Dimensionen) (17) Dimension 1: Gestaltung der Rolle als Lehrkraft Dimension 2: Schule als Lern- und Lebensraum Dimension 2.1: Schule als Organisation Dimension 2.2: Schulalltag und Schulleben Dimension 2.3: Unterrichtsbeobachtung und -evaluation Dimension 2.4: Entwicklung von Schule Dimension 3: Unterrichtsplanung, -durchführung und -analyse Dimension 3.1: Struktur von Unterricht Dimension 3.2: Lehrformen und -theorien Dimension 3.3: Lernumgebungen gestalten Dimension 3.4: Zeitmanagement Dimension 3.5: Planungsmittel Dimension 3.6: Medieneinsatz Dimension 3.7: Sozialformen und Methoden Dimension 3.8: Umgang mit Vielfalt Dimension 4: Klassenführung Dimension 5: Lernprozess- und Lernproduktdiagnostik Dimension 6: Beratung Gestufte Standards für die Lehrkräftebildung (nach Phasen) (37) Pädagogisch-Didaktisches Praktikum Studienbegleitendes Fachdidaktisches Praktikum Referendariat Professionelle Lehrkraft Autor:innengruppe "Standards für die Lehrkräftebildung" (59) T3 - PAradigma - 12 Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14979 IS - 2024.2 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schiele, Anita T1 - Grenzschutz gegen illegale Einwanderung im Bundesstaat : ein Vergleich der rechtlichen Situation in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika N2 - Die Arbeit untersucht aus rechtsvergleichender Perspektive die Thematik des Grenzschutzes gegen illegale Einwanderung in den Bundesstaaten der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika sowie der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, dort unter Berücksichtigung des Einflusses der Europäischen Union. Betrachtet werden insbesondere die Kompetenzverteilung und föderale Konfliktlösungsmechanismen, einschließlich der Möglichkeit, Streitigkeiten zwischen dem Bund und den Gliedstaaten gerichtlich klären zu lassen. KW - Grenzschutz KW - Einwanderung KW - Bundesstaat KW - Föderalismus Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14929 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ungruhe, Christian T1 - Fußballmigration aus Afrika T2 - Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung: Dossier Migration und Sport N2 - Viele afrikanische Fußballerinnen und Fußballer hoffen auf eine Karriere in Ligen auf anderen Kontinenten. Wie hat sich Fußballmigration aus Afrika entwickelt? Mit welchen Risiken ist sie verbunden? KW - Migration KW - Fußball KW - Afrika Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14836 N1 - Zuerst erschienen bei der Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung im Dossier "Migration und Sport" unter https://www.bpb.de/themen/migration-integration/kurzdossiers/549279/fussballmigration-aus-afrika/ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ungruhe, Christian T1 - Football Migration from Africa T2 - Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung: Policy Briefs N2 - Many male and female African footballers strive for a career in leagues on other continents. How has African football migration developed over time? Where do players move? Which risks do they face? KW - Football KW - Migration KW - Africa Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14849 N1 - First published by Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (Bonn) as a Policy Brief under https://www.bpb.de/themen/migration-integration/kurzdossiers/549281/football-migration-from-africa/ ER - TY - THES A1 - Auer, Michael T1 - Improving Automated Android Test Generation N2 - Mobile apps are nowadays the preferred means to accomplish ubiquitous tasks like messaging, e-commerce and even playing games. Often, there exist multiple apps for the same purpose, and it is the choice of the end user to pick an appropriate app. Apps that behave unexpected, e.g., crash frequently, are sooner or later replaced, which isundesirable for the companies developing such apps. Thus, it is essential to tests apps properly before they are released onto the market. However, testing manually is often not only too cost-intensive but also too time-consuming in the short development phase, thus an automated solution is preferred. Testing mobile apps automatically received increased attention in the last decade from primarily people in academia, and several testing techniques evolved. One technique that yielded promising results, especially in different domains, is search-based software testing in which a metaheuristic, e.g., a genetic algorithm, is applied to solve an optimisation problem, e.g., test generation. A main objective of test generation is to produce tests that reveal as many faults as possible. This in turn requires the generation of tests that deeply explore the tested app. The core metric to quantify how much code tests cover is the measurement of code coverage, which can be computed at different levels of granularity ranging from determining the fraction of covered activities to a very fine-grained measurement that calculates the percentage of covered lines. This coverage information is then often used to guide the search of the employed metaheuristic. However, current automated test generation approaches produce tests with a rather low code coverage. Thus, a substantial part of tested apps remains unexplored, which in turn misses revealing deeply residing faults. We identified three core issues that are directly related to the generation of low-coverage tests. First, the applicability of current test generators is often limited. This comprises the fact that current state-of-the-art code coverage tools are incapable of instrumenting a substantial number of apps and consequently, test generators cannot utilise detailed coverage information during exploration. In addition, test generators are often only equipped with a primitive set of actions that are insufficient to simulate system events and complex user inputs. Second, the test execution is extremely time-consuming. This includes among other things the overhead associated with executing individual actions, intermediate restart operations as well as fitness evaluations. Since search-based algorithms require a substantial number of test executions to play out their strengths, the slow test execution impedes the effectiveness of the search. Third, the guidance offered by search-based algorithms is often hampered by applying inadequate fitness functions or by using non-representation-specific variation operators. In this thesis we address the problem of low-coverage tests in the Android domain by proposing several enhancements for the three identified core issues. Concerning the applicability problem, we provide the implementation of a robust code coverage tool that is capable of measuring coverage at different levels of granularity and requires no access to the source code. We also propose to include actions that can simulate system events as well as complex user inputs. Regarding the performance issue, we suggest the integration of a surrogate model that is capable of predicting the outcome of individual actions or complete tests over time in order to reduce the overall test execution costs. With respect to the lack of guidance offered by traditional search-based algorithms, we suggest alternative search strategies. In the case of a deceptive fitness landscape, we propose using novelty search algorithms. Alternatively, we suggest utilising estimation of distribution algorithms that require no crossover or mutation perators to sample new tests. While all those enhancements had a positive impact on the Android test generation process, the individual empirical studies highlighted that further research is necessary to unleash the full power of the proposed search-based algorithms. In particular, exploring complex user interfaces meaningfully requires more attention whether by introducing additional actions or by extracting valuable hints to infer reasonable text inputs. In addition, the guidance offered by fitness functions is often limited because they are either designed too coarse at all or do not accurately reflect the search objectives. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14955 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bohnenkämper, Ronja A1 - Fußeder, Christina A1 - Emmanouilidis, Georgios A1 - Emmert, Cornelia A1 - Haberger, Mathias A1 - Hartmann, Nils A1 - Hohlfeldt, Leonie A1 - Jäckel, Franziska A1 - Körber, Janina A1 - Listl, Johannes A1 - Ostendorp, Falk A1 - Pantaleon Osuna, Alvaro A1 - Steinmetzer, Luzie A1 - Thurl, Lena A1 - Ungruhe, Christian A1 - Wagener, Jonas A1 - Wehner, Stefanie ED - Ungruhe, Christian ED - Pantaleon Osuna, Alvaro ED - Wehner, Stefanie T1 - Socio-economic development and migration in rural Ghana : report from field research in Amedzofe, Volta Region N2 - Migration plays a significant role in Ghanaian society, particularly in rural areas where its impact is inextricably linked to socio-economic dynamics. In March 2023, a student field research field research project was conducted in Amedzofe as part of the international research project “Migration and Translocality in West Africa”, shedding light on various aspects of rural life through the lens of translocality. The field research aimed to address a wide range of topics related to rural livelihoods, focusing on migration and translocal aspects of everyday life. Six working groups embarked on a 10-day field research journey, employing mixed methods encompassing both quantitative and qualitative approaches. This extensive fieldwork followed a semester of intensive preparation, ensuring the thoroughness and depth of the study. The survey results were meticulously analysed and presented, providing valuable insights into the patterns, drivers and impacts of migration in the region. Additionally, the findings of the six working groups offered nuanced perspectives on various facets of rural life, including economic activities, social networks, cultural practices, education and gender aspects. This endeavour aims at fostering a deeper understanding of the complexities surrounding migration and translocality in rural Ghana. It is a testament to the dedication and vision of the late Prof. Dr. Malte Steinbrink, whose leadership and guidance were instrumental in the preparation and realisation of this study. T3 - Migration, translocality and development in times of climate change. Mitra|WA Working Paper Series - 3 KW - migration KW - translocality KW - agriculture KW - land use KW - housing KW - communication KW - education KW - gender KW - research-based learning Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14865 IS - 3 ER - TY - THES A1 - Daschner, Stefan T1 - Essays on Trust, Behavior, and Decision-Making in the Human-Algorithm Interaction N2 - With recent progresses in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), algorithms can support more complex tasks (Frey and Osborne, 2017) that seemed safe from automation a few years ago (Brynjolfsson and McAfee, 2012). They can even outperform human decision-making in many task domains (Meehl, 1954; Dawes et al., 1989). The prominent defeat of Garry Kasparov, the world champion in chess, in 1997 is a milestone for the potentials of algorithms, increasing the value of IBM’s stock increased by $18 billion (Norvig and Russell, 2010). More recently, universal chatbots such as ChatGPT and the Bing Chatbot Sydney can influence millions of users and provide them answers to a broad range of tasks. To gain a competitive edge, companies invest heavily in algorithmic systems (Kappelman et al., 2021), which are considered as one of the most important drivers of today’s economy (Brynjolfsson and McAfee, 2011; Hogharth and Makridakis, 1981; Önkal et al., 2019). Particularly in management accounting, an algorithmic data analysis offers the potential to support a high decision quality, making their usage a key factor for success. However, algorithms can not only support, but also manipulate human decision-making (Roose et al., 2023). Algorithmic advice can lead to overtrust, i.e. to the heuristic replacement of vigilant information seeking and processing in favor of the advice provided (Mosier et al., 2001). The implementation of algorithmic decision support systems is thus no panacea to improve human decision-making. In contrast, they can entail new risks, such as the uncritical use of these algorithms (Boden, 2016). Yet, this ‘dark side’ of algorithms is not sufficiently investigated in the field of management accounting. With advances in machine learning, algorithmic support can become even more of a black box, blurring the reference points for evaluating its advice quality and thus increasing the risk of overtrust. Stephen Hawking even warns that AI will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity” (Alex Hern in: The Guardian: Stephen Hawking: AI will be 'either best or worst thing' for humanity, 19th October 2016). Interacting with such algorithmic systems therefore requires data literacy skills for an appropriate use. They seem to be a crucial prerequisite in today’s data-driven world to reap of the benefits of algorithmic systems. If no reflective and critical interaction between human and algorithm can be ensured, the trend towards a digitalized world will be a race against the algorithm (Brynjolfsson and McAfee, 2011). This dissertation takes this understudied critical perspective on the increasing implementation of algorithmic systems and sheds light on different aspects of human-algorithm interaction, ranging from the ability to use data visualization tools to trust calibrations and critical evaluations of algorithmic advices. Study I investigates an adequate information representation of subjective multiple criteria decision problems, an important task in management accounting, to support human decision-making. Study II distinguishes different designs of the human-algorithm interaction investigated in the trust in automation literature and compiles factors influencing the calibration of trust and behavior toward the true capabilities of the algorithm. Study III examines the role of performance feedback on trust and advice usage in a forecasting task for a better understanding of the recently observed phenomenon ‘algorithm aversion’. Finally, Study IV focusses on the risk of overtrust in advice in repeated interactions with a forecasting advisor and investigates the calibration of advice usage. Each study thereby represents an independent contribution and contains all information relevant to the respective research questions asked in the study. KW - artifical intelligence KW - algorithmic advice Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14749 ER - TY - THES A1 - Stoffer, Gloria T1 - Three essays on b2b solution selling - challenges in sales, contracting, and pricing N2 - Offering solutions impose manifold challenges on suppliers. To master these challenges, suppliers need excellent commercial capabilities. This thesis considers these challenges and opportunities in sales, contracting, and pricing of complex B2B solutions in three essays: Essay 1 addresses the increased complexity for solution salespeople, who represent an essential strategic asset in solution selling. In-depth interviews with solution sales managers in study 1 and survey data from matched sales manager-salesperson dyads in study 2, reveal nine specific equifinal configurations of key personal and procedural competencies that qualify individual salespeople in their role and thus determine their solution sales success. The focus of essay 2 lies on B2B export relationships for complex product-service combinations in an international context. A regression analysis based on a survey study with 198 responses shows several direct and indirect effects of contractual and cultural constructs. The results give insights under which cultural framework conditions contract specificity serves as a safeguarding mechanism against uncertainty and opportunism. Essay 3 examines how the bidirectional agency relationship between suppliers and customers and the performance uncertainty of a solution influence B2B customers’ acceptance of performance-based pricing (PBP). Drawing on a cross-industry survey with 196 managers of B2B firms, this study contributes to extend PBP literature by showing how bidirectional agency relationships shape customers’ acceptance of PBP. In sum, this thesis contributes to a better understanding on how to optimize commercial capabilities in the context of national and international solution selling. It thereby focuses on addressing recently identified causes that hinder B2B firms from increasing their margins through solution selling by (1) optimizing the sales force through a better understanding of important resources and capabilities for solution selling, (2) optimizing their contractual set-up through a better understanding of cultural factors and the interplay with contract specificity, and 3) optimizing price policy through a better understanding of framework conditions, which have an impact on customers’ acceptance of PBP. KW - solution selling KW - customization KW - business-to-business Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14728 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Klöpf, Tobias A1 - Wehner, Stefanie T1 - Vulnerabilities and capacities : dealing with coastal flooding in Ghana´s Volta Region N2 - Coastal flooding events pose an existential threat to populations around the world, particularly in the Global South. As a result of climate change and other, direct forms of anthropogenic interference, the magnitude and frequency of such floodings is predicted to continuously increase in the near future. Therefore, it is important to understand the vulnerability of affected people to implement appropriate measures. This research presents a case study on coastal flooding and its impact on livelihoods in the Volta Region of Ghana. The paper utilizes a vulnerability framework that focuses on exposure, susceptibility, as well as the capacities to anticipate, cope with, and recover from the effects of natural hazards. Based on a qualitative approach, the study focusses on those households who were directly affected of a severe tidal flood in November 2021, leading to a total destruction of their property. The research was conducted in March, July and August 2022. It revealed that the studied group had low capacity to anticipate and had no contingency plans in case of relocation. Further, we discovered different strategies that people applied to deal with the situation eight months after the flood event. Most households applied (short term) coping strategies to reestablish their former marine-based livelihood systems. Adaption in terms of long-term adjustment of their livelihoods played only a minor role and could be found in form of out-migration in a limited number of households. T3 - Migration, translocality and development in times of climate change. Mitra|WA Working Paper Series - 2 KW - Fishing community KW - Climate change adaption KW - Crisis migration KW - Displacement KW - Relocation Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14597 IS - 2 CY - Passau ER - TY - INPR A1 - Pantaleón Osuna, Álvaro T1 - Climate change as a driver of migration? A comparative case study in eastern and northern Ghana N2 - Academic studies and media reports have pointed to climate change as a dominant factor responsible for future mass migrations from and within the Global South. In response to the deterministic nature of their estimates and predictions, this research explores the link that migrants establish between the environmental changes they experience and migration as a climate adaptation strategy. Furthermore, the overlaps between the profile and migratory behavior of those who manifest a greater presence of climate change in their migratory processes and their counterparts are analysed to identify potential unique climate migration patterns and practices. The quantitative analysis of data gathered in the context of the Mitra|WA project in Ghana's Eastern and Northern Regions in 2022 reveals that, while migration is not predominantly propelled by climate change climate, it does not constitute a new form of mobility demarcated from existing migration patterns and practices. This paper provides an opportunity to redirect future research towards the factors that determine the agency of individuals in response to climate hazards and to explore the role of climate change in a set of drivers of migration in a West African setting. T3 - Migration, translocality and development in times of climate change. Mitra|WA Working Paper Series - 1 KW - Environmental change KW - Adaption strategies KW - Climate-induced migration KW - Drivers of migration KW - Translocality Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14585 IS - 1 CY - Passau ER - TY - THES A1 - Hauke, Alexandra T1 - Ecofeminism and the Gothic Archives of American Folk Horror : Shadows of the Anthropos N2 - This study explores American folk horror as a mode of inquiry into the literary, cultural, filmic, ecological, and political histories of the United States. By using ecofeminist theory to read American folk horror against its roots in the frontier gothic, a genre concerned with the realities and afterlives of American settler colonialism, in turn inextricably linked with the U.S.' founding myths and national narratives that developed since the arrival of the first European settlers, my approach uncovers the dual and simultaneous exploitation of women and nature since 1492, focusing on the ways human and non-human Others continue to be at the mercy of anthropocentric and capitalocentric systems. American folk horror as genre, and the frontier gothic as its archive, allows us to see the ways American founding narratives serve as and word like folklore, contributing to the perpetuation of discrimination against underprivileged groups, especially those who are seen as nature, like women. This book offers a lengthy theorization of the genre as well as both ecofeminist readings of select texts of American folk horror (Darren Aronofsky's mother!, Shirley Jackson's We Have Always Lived in the Castle, Robert Eggers's The VVitch: A New-England Folktale) and a first discussion of a potential corpus of the genre ranging from frontier gothic literature and contemporary film to video games of the 2020s. KW - ecofeminism KW - frontier gothic KW - American folk horror KW - Anthropocene KW - settler colonialism KW - Ökofeminismus KW - Folk-Horror KW - Gothic novel KW - Amerikaforschung Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14768 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mladenov, Mladen T1 - Running in the Hamster Wheel. The Foreign Policy of Serbia between National Identity and the International Society. N2 - The thesis addresses a current topic related to the foreign policy of Serbia whereby Serbian foreign policy is analysed with reference to its domestic factors - in particular national identity - and also with regards to Serbia’s foreign factors, such as the Europeanization process and the nature of the international system. The overarching focus of the thesis is laid on the following puzzle: in spite of not attaining self-declared foreign policy goals and changing dynamics at the systemic level, Serbia’s foreign policy appear to be stable over time. In each of the five publications comprising the thesis, a narrower aspect of this puzzle is addressed. KW - Serbia; foreign policy analysis; nationalism; europeanisation Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14702 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hinz, Lieselotte T1 - Die Rechtsfolgen eines fehlerhaften Massenentlassungsverfahrens : eine am Sinn und Zweck des Verfahrens orientierte und folglich verhältnismäßige Anwendung der Unwirksamkeitsfolge N2 - In ständiger Rechtsprechung sanktioniert das Bundesarbeitsgericht fehlerhafte Massenentlassungsverfahren mit der Unwirksamkeit der Entlassungen, § 134 BGB i. V. mit § 17 KSchG. Die Arbeit untersucht anhand einer dreistufigen Prüfung, ob und wie geschehene Fehler zu sanktionieren sind. 1) Fehler sind immer dann zu sanktionieren, wenn sie den Sinn und Zweck des Verfahrens tangieren, wenn sie also relevant sind. 2) Arbeitnehmer:innen können sich auf einen Fehler nur berufen, wenn sie von diesem betroffen sind. 3) Erscheint eine Sanktion im konkreten Einzelfall als unangemessen, ist eine Ausnahme vom Unwirksamkeitsverdikt zu gewähren – andere, ggf. weniger weitreichende Rechtsfolgen kommen dann aber ebenfalls nicht in Betracht. N2 - The Federal Labour Court has consistently sanctioned incorrect collective redundancy procedures with the ineffectiveness of the dismissals, § 134 BGB (German Civil Code) in conjunction with § 17 KSchG (Protection Against Unfair Dismissal Act). The work uses a three-stage analysis to examine whether and how mistakes that have been made must be sanctioned. 1) Mistakes always must be sanctioned if they affect the meaning and purpose of the procedure, so if they are relevant. 2) Employees can only invoke a mistake if they are affected by it. 3) If the sanction appears to be inappropriate in the specific individual case, an exception to the ineffectiveness verdict must be granted – however, other, possibly less far-reaching legal consequences are then not possible. KW - Arbeitsrecht KW - Kündigungsschutz KW - Massenentlassung Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2405242015169.078961835793 SN - 978-3-7489-4365-5 VL - 2024 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Patil, Amit A1 - Ghasemi, Abdorasoul A1 - de Meer, Hermann T1 - Analysis of protection blinding in active distribution grids JF - IET Renewable Power Generation N2 - Protection blinding is a challenging issue in renewables-penetrated distribution grids and refers to a situation where a circuit breaker may not trip due to fault current contribution from distributed generation. This research addresses how the distributed generation location and capacity impact the operation of the circuit breaker in terms of the response time of the circuit breakers. The relative electrical distances of the faults and distributed generation to the circuit breakers are considered. The impact of distributed generation capacity considering the fault location is characterized using a new index called the heterogeneity index. The electrical distance between distributed generations and circuit breakers and the electrical distance between fault and circuit breaker is considered by a second new index called the electrical distance ratio. Data analysis on simulation results shows that these indices capture the phenomena of protection blinding caused by distributed generation. Results show that a higher distributed generation penetration and faults that are electri cally further away from a circuit breaker show severe cases of protection blinding captured by the indices. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how these indices can identify the worst impacted locations in the distribution grid. A key result is that protection blinding does not necessarily occur solely due to the presence of distributed generation between a circuit breaker and a fault, but is dependent on factors such as distributed generation location in the distribution grid, fault level, fault level distribution across the generation units and fault location. KW - General & introductory electrical electronics engineering Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14661 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fekih Hassen, Wiem A1 - Challouf, Maher T1 - Long short-term renewable energy sources prediction for grid-management systems based on stacking ensemble model JF - Energies N2 - The transition towards sustainable energy systems necessitates effective management of renewable energy sources alongside conventional grid infrastructure. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to optimizing grid management by integrating Photovoltaic (PV), wind, and grid energies to minimize costs and enhance sustainability. A key focus lies in developing an accurate scheduling algorithm utilizing Mixed Integer Programming (MIP), enabling dynamic allocation of energy resources to meet demand while minimizing reliance on cost-intensive grid energy. An ensemble learning technique, specifically a stacking algorithm, is employed to construct a robust forecasting pipeline for PV and wind energy generation. The forecasting model achieves remarkable accuracy with a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of less than 0.1 for short-term (15 min and one day ahead) and long-term (one week and one month ahead) predictions. By combining optimization and forecasting methodologies, this research contributes to advancing grid management systems capable of harnessing renewable energy sources efficiently, thus facilitating cost savings and fostering sustainability in the energy sector. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14649 VL - 2024 IS - 17(13) ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mägdefrau, Jutta T1 - Planung kompetenzorientierten Unterrichts T2 - Vorbereitung der Schulpraxis: Studientexte zur Schulpädagogik N2 - Der Beitrag stellt auf der Basis der kritisch-konstruktiven Didaktik von Wolfgang Klafki eine Unterrichtsplanung in sieben Schritten vor, an der entlang insbesondere Studierende oder Referendar:innen ihre schriftlichen Unterrichtsvorbereitungen verfassen können. Im Sinne einer schrittweisen Annäherung an die komplexe Praxis professioneller Unterrichtsplanung wird hier eine gut strukturierte Variante vorgeschlagen, auf der später aufgebaut werden kann. KW - Unterrichtsplanung KW - Kompetenzorientierung Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14574 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brandl, Matthias A1 - Seifert, Walter A1 - Müller, Karla A1 - Pissarek, Markus A1 - Ricart Brede, Julia A1 - Draber, Sibylle A1 - Brandl, Birgit A1 - Winkler, Stefanie A1 - Schellberg, Gabriele A1 - Fehrenbach, Christina A1 - Urhahne, Detlef A1 - Schweppe, Judith A1 - Mayr, Susanne A1 - Mendl, Hans A1 - Greifenstein, Luisa A1 - Heuer, Ute A1 - Fraser, Gordon A1 - Würdinger-Gaidas, Michaela A1 - Stelzer, Florian A1 - Mägdefrau, Jutta A1 - Birnkammerer, Hannes A1 - Kufner, Sabrina A1 - Köstler, Verena A1 - Müller, Christian A1 - Lehning, Norbert A1 - Decker, Jan-Oliver A1 - Kelsch, Jakob A1 - Fesl, Susanne A1 - Rutter, Eva A1 - Springer, Simone Maria A1 - Freund, Michael A1 - Wobser, Florian ED - Brandl, Matthias T1 - 40 Jahre Lehrkräftebildung an der Universität Passau: Ein- und Ausblicke N2 - Inhalt Vorwort |1 Matthias Brandl Didaktik der Deutschen Sprache und Literatur |6 Walter Seifert, Karla Müller & Markus Pissarek „Deutsch als Zweitsprache“ als Bestandteil der Lehrer*innen-Bildung in Deutschland, Bayern und Passau: Ein Rückblick auf die Entwicklung des Faches anhand von Expert*innen-Interviews |13 Julia Ricart Brede & Sibylle Draber Didaktik der Mathematik |23 Matthias Brandl, Birgit Brandl & Stefanie Winkler Musikpädagogik im Didaktikfach – Einblicke in die Besonderheiten des Musikunterrichts |34 Gabriele Schellberg & Christina Fehrenbach Psychologie für den Lehrberuf an der Universität Passau |48 Detlef Urhahne, Judith Schweppe und Susanne Mayr Von der Katechese zur Religionspädagogik - Die Entwicklung von Theologie und Religions-lehrer*innen-Bildung an der Universität Passau |55 Hans Mendl Algorithmisches Denken und Programmieren im Grundschullehramtsstudium |68 Luisa Greifenstein, Ute Heuer & Gordon Fraser Fit für die Zukunft – Transformation gestalten mit Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) in der Lehrkräftebildung |78 Michaela Würdinger-Gaidas & Florian Stelzer Didaktische Innovation in der Lehrkräftebildung: Theorie und Praxis der Lehre in den Passauer Innovationslaboren |86 Jutta Mägdefrau, Hannes Birnkammerer, Sabrina Kufner, Verena Köstler, Christian Müller Historisches Lernen im digitalisierten Geschichtsunterricht: Flipped Classroom und historische Spurensuche vor Ort |95 Norbert Lehning Mediensemiotik und Medienkunde als Basis von Information and Media Literacy (IML). Fachwissenschaftliche Einblicke am Beispiel des Videospiels Wolfenstein II: The New Colossus |101 Jan-Oliver Decker & Jakob Kelsch InVerS: Motive und Begründungslinien für die Wahl des Berufs Lehrkraft im internationalen Vergleich. Ein Forschungsprojekt des Lehrstuhls für Erziehungswissenschaft mit dem Schwerpunkt Diversitätsforschung und Bildungsräume der Mittleren Kindheit |113 Susanne Fesl, Eva Rutter und Simone Maria Springer Der Klassenrat als Ort politischen Lernens? |127 Michael Freund Das Studium des Erweiterungsfachs Ethik an der Universität Passau – maximale Relevanz und minimale Ausbildung? | 134 Florian Wobser T3 - PAradigma - 2024 KW - Didaktik KW - Lehre KW - Lehrerbildung Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14671 VL - 2024 IS - 11 ET - 2., erweiterte Auflage ER -