TY - GEN A1 - Mexis, Nico A1 - Lill, Bjarne A1 - Doleh, Yousef A1 - Katzenbeisser, Stefan T1 - Supplementary Material for the Work "Exposing the Gaps: The State of Supply Chain Coverage in Current Security Standards" N2 - This document contains the supplementary material for our work "Exposing the Gaps: The State of Supply Chain Coverage in Current Security Standards", which should be consulted for further information and details. While this supplement has not been peer-reviewed, the above article has. The reviewers also had access to all the data presented in this document during the review phase. The article is available from 26 July 2025 as part of the "IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology", volume 742: 10.1007/978-3-031-94924-1_14 KW - Supply Chain Management KW - Informationssicherheit KW - Supply Chain KW - Risk Management KW - Coverage KW - Cybersecurity KW - Standard Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15633 ER - TY - THES A1 - Lorenz, Catherine T1 - Studies on optimization problems with dynamically arriving information N2 - In today’s fast-paced world, transportation planning, e-commerce, smart manufacturing, emergency services, and financial markets operate in real-time environments where dynamically arriving information must be integrated on-the-fly into decision-making. Research produced online algorithms ranging from myopic reoptimization (Reopt) to learning-based anticipation methods. However, given the complexity of real-world problems, optimal decision policies remain unknown, and effectiveness is often assessed through simulations against simple benchmarks, leaving improvement potential and robustness uncertain. This dissertation proposes effective online policies using classical and innovative analytical and computational evaluation methods, establishing performance bounds and comparisons to optimal solutions. It designs algorithmic frameworks for two dynamic optimization problems: the Online Order Batching, Sequencing, and picker Routing Problem (OOBSRP) in warehousing and the Traveling Salesman Problem with a Truck and a Drone under Incomplete Information (TSP-DI), for disaster relief. Given the importance of automation in real-time environments, a strong emphasis is placed on robotic solutions. For the OOBSRP with manual and robotic carts, we prove that Reopt is asymptotically optimal with probability one under broad stochastic conditions. From a worst-case perspective, no policy can improve Reopt by more than 50%, as it is shown to be asymptotically two-competitive. A computational study confirms that Reopt’s gaps to the complete-information optimum are small, e.g. averaging less than 5% for a cost-minimization objective. A pattern analysis of Complete-Information Optimal Solutions (CIOSs), generated with dynamic programming algorithms, identifies simple algorithmic enhancements – like eliminating waiting, intervention, or strategic relocation – that further reduce costs and delivery times. These findings suggest limited benefits of anticipatory (including AI-based) algorithms in OOBSRP. Conversely, for TSP-DI, where road blockages reveal dynamically, Reopt performs poorly in the worst case, as we reveal its exponentially growing competitive ratio. We show that policies delaying deliveries for drone surveillance are significantly superior in competitive ratio. A proposed hybrid policy achieves best average and worst-case results in experiments. Using battery-limited drones introduces a challenging static subproblem within these policies, classified as Drone Routing Problems with Energy Replenishment (DRP-E). We develop a Very Large-Scale Neighborhood Search (VLNS) and an exact method for generic DRP-Es. VLNS searches an exponential-sized neighborhood of a promising solution entirely in polynomial runtime, making it ideal for real-time policies or intensification in metaheuristics. This dissertation underscores the importance of analytical guarantees and comparisons to the optimum in online algorithm design, as policy effectiveness often diverges from intuition and varies significantly across problems. KW - Dynamic optimization KW - Online algorithms KW - Competitive analysis KW - Probabilistic performance guarantees KW - Very large-scale neighborhood search Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15649 N1 - According to § 11 FPromO, Abs. 1, Satz 5 of the Promotionsordnung and with the agreement of the Chair of the Board of Examiners for Doctoral Awards, the following minor revisions have been made for the publication of the dissertation compared to the version submitted for grading. These changes result from comments and requests by the external reviewer, Prof. Dr. Stefan Irnich, as well as the author’s own observations during the revision process: - Corrected minor typos in grammar and mathematical notation. - Implemented wording improvements. - Reorganized and updated the list of abbreviations alphabetically. - Updated the publication status of the list of papers to the submission date and added the affiliation of the University of Bologna. - Page 13: Corrected the reduction of the average observed gap to CIOS of Reopt (16.6 percentage points) and provided clarification. - Pages 23 and 58: Added an inequality of indices k and l in definitions of a partition of batches in an optimal solution. - Page 24, "because the cart- and picker equipment is order-specific for each batch" changed to "because of pick-lists that are printed out " - Page 55: Added and corrected a statement (one sentence) regarding the reference Wahlen and Geschwind (2023). - Page 71: Added the statement: "Note that an increase in batching capacity significantly impacts the runtime of the DP approaches for both objectives." - Page 80: Replaced and corrected Figure 3.8 (statement remains unchanged). - Page 79: Corrected column names in Table 3.12. - Standardized the abbreviation "VLNS" instead of "VLSN" throughout Chapter 5. - Unified the written-out problem names of OOBSRP and OBSRP-R throughout the dissertation ER - TY - THES A1 - Schwind, Mara T1 - „Insgesamt sah ich wirklich die Wellen an mir vorbeirauschen, mich darin befindend“ - Die Folgen negativer Reaktionen gegen Wissenschaftler*innen in den sozialen Medien N2 - Wissenschaftler*innen werden immer häufiger zum Ziel von Kritik, Anfeindungen und Ähnlichem in den sozialen Medien. Die Studie nimmt die reziproken Effekte dieser negativen Reaktionen in den Blick. Konkret wird untersucht, mit welchen Arten negativer Reaktionen Wissenschaftler*innen konfrontiert werden, welche mentalen Verarbeitungs- und Bewertungsprozesse in diesem Kontext relevant sind und wie die Betroffenen mit den negativen Reaktionen anschließend umgehen, um die entstandene Belastungssituation zu bewältigen. Neben der theoretischen Aufarbeitung der Thematik wird dafür auf qualitative Leitfadeninterviews mit betroffenen Wissenschaftler*innen zurückgegriffen. Die Erkenntnisse der Studie werden in einem „Modell der Konfrontation mit negativen Reaktionen in den sozialen Medien“ zusammengeführt. Das Modell ermöglicht zum einen die strukturierte Beschreibung entsprechender Vorfälle und kann zum anderen als theoretisch-konzeptionelle Grundlage für weitere empirische Untersuchungen dienen. KW - qualitative Leitfadeninterviews KW - Hate Speech KW - Wissenschaftler*innen in den sozialen Medien KW - Kritik, Anfeindungen und Hass gegenüber Wissenschaftler*innen Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15627 ER - TY - THES A1 - Gruber, Martin T1 - Tackling Test Flakiness: Understanding the Problem and Providing Practical Mitigations N2 - "Software is eating the world". With this phrase from his 2011 Wall Street Journal interview, Marc Andreessen predicted a decade of disruptive software-based innovations affecting various industries. Today, over ten years later, many of his predictions have come true: six of the seven most valuable companies worldwide are computer technology firms, and more than half of the world's population has access to the internet and owns a smartphone, with numbers still growing rapidly. The increasing importance of software has also changed software development. To ensure product quality despite high complexity and fast product cycles, software developers started to adopt continuous integration and regression testing practices: each change to an existing system is automatically tested and reverted in case it breaks any existing functionality. As a result, large software projects are conducting millions of test executions each day. One obstacle to such extensive testing are non-deterministic tests that can pass and fail without any changes to the underlying system or the test itself. These tests are commonly referred to as flaky tests. Flaky tests break regression testing, as they cause test failures that are unrelated to the changes that are being tested. Developers are forced to investigate these intermittent failures, wasting their time and decreasing their trust in testing. This thesis presents our research that aims at understanding and mitigating test flakiness. To comprehend the nature of flaky tests, we conducted both code-based studies on open-source projects, as well as a developer survey. All our investigations confirmed that flakiness is a frequently occurring and severe issue. The causes of flakiness, however, depend on the domain of the project and the source of the test: while asynchronous waiting and concurrency are overall the most prevalent causes aside from test order dependencies, Python projects tend to experience more flakiness caused by networking and randomness. Flaky tests that were not written by developers but generated automatically tend to be more often caused by randomness or unspecified behavior. To avoid test flakiness in generated tests, developers can use existing flakiness suppression mechanisms of test generation frameworks, which we found to be effective. In general, however, most developers currently address the issue of test flakiness by rerunning failing tests. Nevertheless, they would like more support when dealing with test flakiness, namely better visualizations, automated detection and debugging techniques, and education on the topic. In response to this feedback, we developed and evaluated a generic flakiness prediction approach, as well as an automated flakiness debugging technique. Our flakiness prediction method is easy to use and widely applicable. In contrast to previous techniques, it avoids any form of static or dynamic analysis. Instead, it relies solely on a test's execution result history and version control information, two commonly available artifacts. Additionally, it aims to classify real-world failures as either caused by flakiness or a regression. Previous techniques mainly focused on identifying potential flaky test cases in test suites, a related but less actionable question. An evaluation on a large-scale automotive software project yielded positive results. Our approach showed a strong predictive performance (95.5% F1-score), outperforming the previously used heuristic. We also introduced Spectrum-based Flaky Fault Localization (SFFL), an automated debugging technique that aims to pinpoint the specific lines in the source code that cause a flaky test's non-deterministic behavior. SFFL extends traditional Spectrum-based Fault Localization (SFL) by considering multiple coverage behaviors of the same test case, a highly common phenomenon among flaky tests. Our evaluation on 101 flaky Python tests showed that SFFL outperforms traditional SFL and was able to narrow down the flaky fault's location to 3.5% of a project's code base on average. KW - Test Flakiness KW - Flaky Test KW - Softwareentwicklung KW - Softwaretest KW - Qualitätssicherung KW - Testen Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15549 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ghosh Dastidar, Kanishka T1 - Using Context for Credit Card Fraud Detection N2 - Online payment fraud is one of the biggest challenges accompanying the ubiquitous adoption of digital payment methods. The academic literature shows that providing data-driven models with additional context of a transaction results in significant improvements in fraud detection performance. However, the methods used to generate suitable context representations often rely on human expert knowledge, which is expensive and suffers from several limitations. In this thesis, we propose different methods to automate this process by learning these context representations end-to-end on the fraud detection objective. Each of these methods is evaluated on millions of real-world transactions from Worldline, our industrial partner. Central to this thesis is our proposal of the Neural Aggregate Generator (NAG), a neural network that learns context representations automatically. The architecture of the NAG is designed to resemble the structure of expert feature aggregates, while also addressing their limitations. Our evaluation of the NAG reveals that it outperforms both approaches that use expert aggregates and other end-to-end methods across several months of testing. A thorough evaluation shows that the NAG improves over other approaches on several key factors including model size and robustness to shorter sequences. We propose several extensions to the NAG with the dual motive of improved alignment with expert aggregates and improved expressiveness. Our evaluation of these extensions shows comparable performance to the NAG with ancillary benefits in terms of prospective interpretability and model size. We also introduce the novel paradigm of using \lq future' transactions as context. Our analysis of real-world data from Worldline shows that verification of transactions are often delayed by several days and that within this delay there are often several transactions booked on the card which can be used as additional context. We show that this future context improves the performance of sequence models. Moreover, we also show that a balance between past and future context yields the best results and that using future context allows the use of shorter sequences overall. Beyond context-based fraud detection, we also provide an initial proposal of generating synthetic credit card data using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), showing that a Wasserstein GAN can be used to generated synthetic data similar to a popular publicly available credit card fraud dataset. We also describe several possible directions for future work including the incorporation of a adapted self-attention mechanism to the NAG and the use of transformers for synthetic data generation. N2 - Betrug bei Online-Zahlungen ist eine der größten Herausforderungen bei der weitverbreiteten Einführung digitaler Zahlungsmethoden. Die akademische Literatur zeigt, dass die Bereitstellung von datengesteuerten Modellen mit zusätzlichem Transaktionskontext zu einer erheblichen Verbesserung der Betrugserkennungsleistung führt. Die Methoden zur Generierung geeigneter Kontextrepräsentationen beruhen jedoch häufig auf menschlichem Expertenwissen, was teuer ist und einige Einschränkungen mit sich bringt. In dieser Arbeit schlagen wir verschiedene Methoden vor, um diesen Prozess zu automatisieren, indem diese Kontextrepräsentationen end-to-end auf das Ziel der Betrugserkennung hin erlernt werden. Jede dieser Methoden wird anhand von Millionen echter Transaktionen von Worldline, unserem industriellen Partner, bewertet. Zentral in dieser Arbeit ist unser Vorschlag des Neural Aggregate Generator (NAG), ein neuronales Netzwerk, das Kontextrepräsentationen automatisch erlernt. Die Architektur des NAGs ist so konzipiert, dass sie der Struktur von Expertenaggregaten ähnelt und gleichzeitig deren Einschränkungen adressiert. Unsere Bewertung des NAGs zeigt, dass es sowohl Ansätze, die Expertenaggregate verwenden, als auch andere end-to-end Methoden in mehreren Monaten des Testens übertrifft. Eine tiefergehende Bewertung zeigt, dass das NAG in mehreren wichtigen Faktoren, einschließlich der Modellgröße und der Robustheit gegenüber kürzeren Sequenzen, bessere Ergebnisse erzielt als andere Ansätze. Wir schlagen mehrere Erweiterungen des NAGs vor, die das doppelte Ziel verfolgen, eine bessere Übereinstimmung mit Expertenaggregaten und eine verbesserte Ausdruckskraft zu erreichen. Unsere Bewertung dieser Erweiterungen zeigt eine vergleichbare Leistung zum NAG mit zusätzlichen Vorteilen hinsichtlich der zukünftigen Interpretierbarkeit und der Modellgröße. Wir führen auch das neuartige Paradigma der Nutzung zukünftiger Transaktionen als Kontext ein. Unsere Analyse der Daten von Worldline zeigt, dass die Verifizierung von Transaktionen oft um mehrere Tage verzögert ist und dass während dieser Verzögerung oft mehrere Transaktionen auf der Karte gebucht werden, die als zusätzlicher Kontext verwendet werden können. Wir zeigen, dass dieser „zukünftige“ Kontext die Leistung von Sequenzmodellen verbessert. Darüber hinaus zeigen wir, dass ein Gleichgewicht zwischen vergangenem und zukünftigem Kontext die besten Ergebnisse liefert und dass die Nutzung zukünftigen Kontexts insgesamt kürzere Sequenzen ermöglicht. Über die kontextbasierte Betrugserkennung hinaus geben wir auch einen ersten Vorschlag zur Generierung synthetischer Kreditkartendaten mittels Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) und zeigen, dass ein durch einen Wasserstein-GAN generierter Datensatz geeignet ist, um darauf Erkennungsmodelle zu trainieren. Wir beschreiben auch mehrere mögliche Richtungen für zukünftige Arbeiten, einschließlich der Integration eines angepassten Self-Attention Mechanismus in das NAG und der Verwendung von Transformern zur Generierung synthetischer Daten. KW - Credit Card Fraud Detection KW - Deep Learning KW - Neural Networks Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15561 ER - TY - THES A1 - Sleziona, Philipp T1 - Transparency and Control about Privacy in Data-Driven Online Services: An Investigation of Design Choices and Users' Data Disclosure Decision-Making N2 - As modern online services are increasingly data-driven, users’ data disclosure is becoming a decisive factor for the success of companies' business models. Extensive disclosure of personal data raises concerns for users’ privacy that managers of online services and regulators need to address. Implementing transparency and control about an online service’s data practices has become the dominant approach to address these concerns. However, the effects of transparency and control on users’ data disclosure behavior have been found to be ambivalent. While some studies in the field of privacy research confirm that implementing transparency and control features can be an effective means to raise users’ willingness to disclose data, other studies have found only minuscule, and sometimes even opposing effects of transparency and control on users’ disclosure behavior. Such heterogeneous effects not only hinder estimating the consequences of regulatory and managerial efforts aimed at creating transparency and control but also impede generating clear guidelines on how to provide transparency and control in the most effective manner. A closer examination of individuals’ underlying decision-making mechanisms in response to provisions of transparency and control in disclosure decision scenarios may help to improve our understanding of the causes of diverging disclosure behavior. A better understanding of these underlying decisionmaking mechanisms will further help to assess specific designs of transparency and control features and their impact on the business models of online services as well as users’ privacy. Therefore, this thesis explores users’ decision-making mechanisms and behavioral reactions to the provision of transparency and control in data disclosure situations. The thesis consists of four essays that employ different research methods, including systematic literature reviews and quantitative studies. The findings of the essays contribute to a better understanding of the effects of transparency and control on user decision-making in the privacy domain by (1) offering conceptualizations that provide a lens for studying users’ decision-making processes and their disclosure behavior in reaction to transparency and control features (2) examining how different implementations of transparency and control features affect users’ decision-making processes and effort in decision-making which causes differences in users’ disclosure behavior, and (3) by investigating the effects of transparently communicated content and relevant pieces of information in so far underexplored data disclosure scenarios between users and a data-sharing firm network. KW - Transparency KW - Control KW - Privacy KW - Transparenz KW - Kontrolle KW - Privatsphäre KW - Datenschutz Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15501 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleyer, Bernhard T1 - Was trägt das Hoffen, wenn man nicht glaubt? : die Frage nach dem Absoluten im Angesicht des nahen Sterbens JF - Hospiz-Zeitschrift N2 - "Der Autor versucht hier keine Grenzziehung, religiöse von nichtreligiösen Motivationen der Hospiz- und Palliativarbeit zu trennen, sondern positioniert selber die Notwendigkeit eines Glaubensmomentes dort, wo angesichts des nahenden Todes der Sprung in die konkrete Frage nach dem Danach nur schwer atheistisch oder humanistisch begleitet werden kann. Deutlich wird, dass Begleitung eine z.T. doch inhaltlich deckungsgleiche Sprache benötigt, wobei es schon ausreichen kann, wenn zwei sich darin einig sind, dass wir nicht sprechen können von dem, was wir nicht erfahren können. Begleitung wird formal , wenn sie „nur" ausdrückt: „Ich verstehe zwar, dass Du eine Frage hast, ich verstehe aber nicht, was Du erfragst." Muss also ein, „ich verstehe zumindest, wonach Du fragst", nötig sein?" KW - Palliativarbeit KW - Atheismus Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14937 VL - 11 (2009) IS - 42 (2009/4) SP - 9 EP - 12 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wolff, Monika-Sybille T1 - Förderung situativer, aufgabenbezogener Emotionen von Studierenden durch eine Value-Intervention N2 - Emotionen spielen eine wesentliche Rolle für Motivation, Leistung und erfolgreiches Lernen (vgl. z.B. Pekrun et al., 2002; Pekrun & Perry, 2014). Forschungsergebnisse zeigen jedoch, dass positive Emotionen wie Lernfreude im Bildungsverlauf tendenziell abnehmen, während negative Emotionen wie Angst oder Langeweile zunehmend auftreten (Vierhaus et al., 2016). Trotz verschiedener theoretischer Ansätze zur Emotionsregulation und Emotionsintervention steckt die empirische Forschung in diesem Bereich noch in den Anfängen. Bestehende Interventionen konzentrieren sich hauptsächlich auf Prüfungsangst und stehen häufig vor Herausforderungen hinsichtlich ihrer nachhaltigen Wirksamkeit (z.B. Hagenauer, Klaß & Gläser-Zikuda, 2016) sowie ihrer praktischen Implementierbarkeit (z.B. Brandenberger, Hagenauer & Hascher, 2018). Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Effekte einer Utility-Value-Intervention auf das situative, aufgabenbezogene emotionale Erleben von Studierenden. Da Value-Interventionen (z.B. Harackiewicz et al., 2014) auf eine Verbesserung der subjektiven Kontroll- und Wert-Einschätzungen von Leistungsaktivitäten durch wertinduktive Prompts abzielen, wurde auf Grundlage der Kontroll-Wert-Theorie (Pekrun, 2000, 2006) angenommen, dass sich diese Intervention über die Modulation von Kontroll- und Wert-Appraisals positiv auf die Entstehung von Leistungsemotionen auswirkt. Im Rahmen eines experimentellen Within-Subjects-Designs erhielten 312 Lehramtsstudierende aus zwei Online-Seminaren („Leistungsemotionen“ und „Klassenführung“) über den Verlauf eines Semesters jeweils drei Utility-Value-Treatments. Die Intervention umfasste sowohl direkte als auch indirekte Prompts: Erstere stellten mittels Advance Organizers die Relevanz der in der Lernaufgabe geförderten Kompetenzen explizit heraus, während Letztere in relevanzinduzierende Aufgaben eingebettet waren. In diesen Aufgaben entwickelten die Studierenden durch die Evaluation von Zitaten eigenständige Relevanzargumente (vgl. Gaspard et al., 2017). Zur Erfassung situativer Emotionen sowie von Valenz- und Kontrollkognitionen wurden Fragebögen sowohl zu Treatment- als auch zu Non-Treatment-Messzeitpunkten eingesetzt. Die Ergebnisse einer Conditional Process Analysis mit Mehrebenendaten (Hayes, 2018) offenbarten zeitabhängige Effekte: In der Substichprobe „Klassenführung“ wirkte sich das Treatment zu Beginn des Semesters zunächst negativ auf das emotionale Erleben aus, während es gegen Semesterende eine positive Wirkung entfaltete. In der Substichprobe „Leistungsemotionen“ zeigte sich hingegen ein gegensätzliches Muster. Darüber hinaus variierte der Mediationsprozess: Während in der Substichprobe „Klassenführung“ primär Valenzkognitionen zur Vermittlung der Effekte beitrugen, wurde in der Substichprobe „Leistungsemotionen“ eine Mediation über Kontrollkognitionen beobachtet. Die Befunde verdeutlichen die Relevanz kontextueller Faktoren für die Wirksamkeit einer Utility-Value-Intervention zur Förderung des situativen emotionalen Erlebens und liefern wertvolle Impulse für die Weiterentwicklung zielgerichteter Interventionsstrategien. N2 - Emotions play a crucial role in motivation, performance, and successful learning (e.g., Pekrun et al., 2002; Pekrun & Perry, 2014). However, research indicates that while positive academic emotions (e.g., enjoyment of learning) tend to decline over time, negative emotions (e.g., test anxiety, boredom) increase (Vierhaus et al., 2016). Despite various theoretical approaches to emotion regulation and emotion interventions, empirical research in this field is still in its early stages. Existing interventions primarily target test anxiety and often face challenges regarding long-term effectiveness (e.g., Hagenauer, Klaß & Gläser-Zikuda, 2016) and practical implementation (e.g., Brandenberger, Hagenauer & Hascher, 2018). This study explores the impact of a utility-value intervention on students' situational, task-related emotions by fostering subjective control and value appraisals during learning tasks. Following the Control-Value Theory of Achievement Emotions (Pekrun, 2000, 2006), it was hypothesized that integrating value-inducing prompts into learning tasks would influence students’ emotional experiences. An experimental study with a within-subjects design was conducted with 321 pre-service teachers enrolled in two online courses ("Achievement Emotions" and "Classroom Management"). Participants received three Utility-Value Treatments throughout the semester, incorporating both direct and indirect prompts. The direct prompts were provided through advance organizers, which explicitly highlighted the relevance of the targeted competencies in the learning task. Indirect prompts were embedded in relevance-inducing tasks that encouraged students to self-generate relevance arguments by evaluating quotations (see Gaspard et al., 2017). Situational emotions, value appraisals, and control appraisals were assessed via questionnaires at treatment and non-treatment measurement points. Results from a Conditional Process Analysis (Hayes, 2018) with multilevel data revealed time-dependent effects: In the "Classroom Management" course, emotions were initially more negative during the intervention but were reported as more positive at later measurement points, while the "Achievement Emotions" course showed the opposite pattern. The mediation mechanisms also differed: Value appraisals played a stronger role in the "Classroom Management" group, whereas control appraisals mediated effects in the "Achievement Emotions" group. These findings underscore the significance of contextual factors in the efficacy of value interventions for fostering situational, task-related emotions and suggest directions for future research to further strengthen empirical evidence and refine intervention strategies. KW - Leistungsemotionen KW - Achievement Emotions KW - Utility-Value-Intervention KW - Kontroll-Wert-Theorie KW - Expectancy-Value-Theorie KW - Emotion KW - Intervention KW - Lernexperiment KW - Lernforschung KW - Erziehungswissenschaft Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15521 ER - TY - THES A1 - Raich, Krispin T1 - Multimodal Data Space for Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems N2 - Modern Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITSs) are comprehensive applications that must cope with a multitude of challenges while meeting strict service and security standards. One of these challenges is a fast, secure, reliable, and universal way to store and exchange data in such a traffic system. Furthermore, multimodal scenarios where different types of vehicles (e.g., cars and Unmanned Aerial System) interact with each other, are increasingly emerging. To overcome these challenges, this thesis presents a set of key innovations to establish a multimodal capable data space for transport application. Therefore, a multimodal optimized geographic model is presented, called SpatialJSON, that is capable of depicting two- and three-dimensional geometries. To accomplish this feat, SpatialJSON extends the popular GeoJSON format with two new data types: area and corridor. Exchanging, managing, and storing data is handled in a novel data-centric middleware, called Large Scale Multimodal Data Processing Middleware for Intelligent Transport Systems (LDPM). This LDPM uses cryptographic- and trust-based schemas to allow secure data exchange and provide data quality assessment. Furthermore, a service architecture is introduced, that fulfils modern service requirements. Trust management is also another essential part of a C-ITS. Hence, a novel scheme to describe traffic related evidence in a multimodal environment is introduced. This schema allows assessing arbitrary traffic related data. This information is then processed in a specialized and modified Bayesian Inference (BI) function. Subsequently, a comprehensive data centric trust management method is introduced. Finally, a use case is presented that relies on the aforementioned technologies to collect data in a hazardous environmental. This data is then distributed and managed via the LDPM, and finally visualized. Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15496 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von Ditfurth, Lukas A1 - Lienemann, Gregor T1 - The Data Governance Act: – Promoting or Restricting Data Intermediaries? JF - Competition and Regulation in Network Industries N2 - Following its approval by the European Parliament in April 2022, the Data Governance Act (DGA) is the first legislative instrument announced in the European Data Strategy to come into force. Aimed at facilitating the re-use and sharing of data in and between the private and public sectors, the DGA introduces regulation for a newly emerging type of digital platforms – the so-called “providers of data intermediation services”. In order to offer their services on the market, providers will have to submit to a prior notification procedure and show compliance with several conditions placed on their economic activities. The regulation of data intermediaries is intended to increase their trustworthiness and ensure the competitiveness of the markets in which they operate. Recent experiences with digital platforms have shown the potential of intermediaries to organise and facilitate markets. At the same time, digital platforms pose undeniable risks to their users and markets at large. Against this backdrop, the role of data intermediaries as envisioned by the DGA must be examined carefully before turning to the question whether the DGA can achieve competitive and trustworthy data sharing through registered third parties. This paper intends to shed light on these and other issues by examining, in-depth, the chapter in the DGA dedicated to data intermediaries (Art. 10–15) from a legal, policy and competition economics perspective. In particular, this paper explores how the experiences made with large-scale digital platforms have shaped the DGA. Thereby, this paper aims to contribute towards a holistic understanding of these provisions as a basis for an informed discussion on the legal framework and on possible alternatives. KW - Data Governance Act KW - Data Intermediaries KW - Data Law Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11483 SN - 1783-5917 SN - 2399-2956 VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 270 EP - 295 PB - SAGE Publications CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caspari-Sadeghi, Sima T1 - Artificial Intelligence in Technology-Enhanced Assessment: A Survey of Machine Learning JF - Journal of Educational Technology Systems N2 - Intelligent assessment, the core of any AI-based educational technology, is defined as embedded, stealth and ubiquitous assessment which uses intelligent techniques to diagnose the current cognitive level, monitor dynamic progress, predict success and update students’ profiling continuously. It also uses various technologies, such as learning analytics, educational data mining, intelligent sensors, wearables and machine learning. This can be the key to Precision Education (PE): adaptive, tailored, individualized instruction and learning. This paper explores (a) the applications of Machine Learning (ML) in intelligent assessment, and (b) the use of deep learning models in ‘knowledge tracing and student modeling’. The paper concludes by discussing barriers involved in using state-of-the-art ML methods and some suggestions to unleash the power of data and ML to improve educational decision-making. KW - artificial intelligence KW - knowledge tracing KW - machine learning KW - technology-enhanced assessment (TEA) Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11818 SN - 0047-2395 SN - 1541-3810 VL - 51 IS - 3 SP - 372 EP - 386 PB - SAGE Publications CY - Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ryzhova, Anna T1 - Motivated by political beliefs, not only by language: How Russian speakers in Germany compose their transnational news repertoires JF - Journalism N2 - Extant research in media and migration has been largely apolitical, focusing on how migrants use media to culturally connect with their homeland and keep their family ties. However, in times of increasing international conflicts and polarisation, such as the years leading up to the Russia’s war against Ukraine in 2022, migrant audiences find themselves in a situation when the coverage of national and international politics in the homeland and host country media can differ dramatically. Against this backdrop, this study investigated how Russian speakers living in Germany create and navigate their transnational news repertoires. Grounded in 42 semi-structured interviews with the Russian speakers of the 1 and 1.5 generations in Germany, conducted between May and October 2021, this article identifies three types of transnational news repertoires: (1) politically-motivated news repertoire, (2) truth seeking-motivated news repertoire and (3) situation-motivated news repertoire. The results show that all the news repertoires of all participants are transnational. I argue that in the context of international conflict, not only language but also the participants’ political beliefs play an essential role in their news choice. Future research on migrants in political communication should distinguish research not only along with the language of the media outlets but also along with the political ideologies that they project. KW - Transnational KW - politics KW - Russian KW - Germany Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15485 VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 218 EP - 237 PB - Sage CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Donner, Eva Katharina T1 - Research data management systems and the organization of universities and research institutes: A systematic literature review JF - Journal of Librarianship and Information Science N2 - New technological developments, the availability of big data, and the creation of research platforms open a variety of opportunities to generate, store, and analyze research data. To ensure the sustainable handling of research data, the European Commission as well as scientific commissions have recently highlighted the importance of implementing a research data management system (RDMS) in higher education institutes (HEI) which combines technical as well as organizational solutions. A deep understanding of the requirements of research data management (RDM), as well as an overview of the different stakeholders, is a key prerequisite for the implementation of an RDMS. Based on a scientific literature review, the aim of this study is to answer the following research questions: “What organizational factors need to be considered when implementing an RDMS? How do these organizational factors interact with each other and how do they constrain or facilitate the implementation of an RDMS?” The structure of the analysis is built on the four components of Leavitt’s classical model of organizational change: task, structure, technology, and people. The findings reveal that the implementation of RDMS is strongly impacted by the organizational structure, infrastructure, labor culture as well as strategic considerations. Overall, this literature review summarizes different approaches for the implementation of an RDMS. It also identifies areas for future research. KW - Data handling KW - information infrastructure KW - organization KW - organizational change KW - research data management KW - research data management system Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12654 SN - 0961-0006 SN - 1741-6477 VL - 55 IS - 2 SP - 261 EP - 281 PB - SAGE Publications CY - Sage UK: London, England ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grimm, Michael A1 - Luck, Nathalie A1 - Steinhübel, Franziska T1 - Consumers' willingness to pay for organic rice: Insights from a non‐hypothetical experiment in Indonesia JF - Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics N2 - As in many high‐income countries, there is increasing awareness towards organic farming in many low‐ and middle‐income countries. Sustained local demand is an essential requirement for further adoption of organic farming by smallholders, who typically have only limited access to export markets. Until now, only few studies have explored the local willingness to pay (WTP) for organic products in low‐ and middle‐income countries in real purchase situations. This paper analyses the consumers' WTP for organic rice in urban and suburban Indonesia using an incentive‐compatible auction based on the Becker–DeGroot–Marschak (BDM) approach. We further study the effect of income and a randomised information treatment about the benefits of organic food on respondents' WTP. Estimates suggest that respondents are willing to pay an average price premium of 20% compared with what they paid for conventional rice outside our experiment. However, our results also indicate that raising consumers' WTP further is complex. Showing participants a video about health or, alternatively, environmental benefits of organic food was not effective in further raising WTP. The results can be used as a basis for the design of alternative awareness measures to increase knowledge, interest and demand for organic food. KW - BDM KW - Indonesia KW - organic food KW - rice KW - willingness to pay Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12412 VL - 67 IS - 1 SP - 83 EP - 103 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritz, Manuela T1 - Temperature and non‐communicable diseases: Evidence from Indonesia's primary health care system JF - Health Economics N2 - Climate change induced rising temperatures will pose a detrimental threat to decent health in the coming decades. Especially at risk are individuals with chronic diseases, since heat can exacerbate a variety of health conditions. In this article, I examine the heat‐morbidity relationship in the context of Indonesia, focusing on chronic, non‐communicable diseases, namely diabetes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Using a novel dataset from the Indonesian national health insurance scheme Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional/Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) and linking it with meteorological data on the daily‐district level, I estimate the causal effect of high temperatures on the daily number of primary health care visits. The results show that on a hot day all‐cause visits and visits with a diagnosis of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases increase by 8%, 25% and 14%, respectively. These increases are permanent and not offset by visit displacement or ‘harvesting’. Visits related to respiratory diseases seem not to be affected by high temperatures. I use several climate change scenarios to predict the increase in visits and costs by the end of the century, which all forecast a substantial financial burden for the health care system. These results might have relevance for other middle‐income countries with similar climatic conditions. KW - climate change KW - health KW - Indonesia KW - JKN/BPJS kesehatan KW - non‐communicable diseases KW - temperature Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11429 VL - 31 IS - 11 SP - 2445 EP - 2464 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolff, Hannes A1 - Pecikiewicz, Jana T1 - Enhancement mit Gehirnorganoiden – Ethische und rechtliche Probleme einer terra nova JF - Medizinrecht N2 - Enhancement – ein Begriff, der zwar im Alltag noch nicht in aller Munde ist, aber dennoch seit geraumer Zeit große Beachtung in der Wissenschaft findet. Übersetzt bedeutet Enhancement „Steigerung“ oder „Verbesserung“ und setzt dort an, wo Behandlungen über das medizinisch Notwendige hinausgehen. Enhancement ist umstritten, denn so sehr es in das Zeitalter der Selbstoptimierung passt, so sehr stellt es die Grenzendessen, was (wissenschaftlich-technisch) möglich ist und was (ethisch-rechtlich) möglich sein darf, in Frage und hat damit das Potential, die Gesellschaft zu spalten. Noch kontroverser wird die Lage, wenn Enhancement zukünftig mit Hilfe sog. Gehirnorganoide stattfindet, was jedenfalls denkbar ist. Wo neue Grenzen ausgelotet werden, ist es umso wichtiger, einen rechtlich verbindlichen Rahmen unter Beachtung ethischer Gesichtspunkte zu schaffen. Dafür soll der vorliegende Aufsatz Impulse geben. Nach einer Definition der wichtigsten Begriffe (I.) zeigt der Beitrag den naturwissenschaftlichen Forschungs- und Entwicklungsstand von Gehirnorganoiden und einem Enhancement mit diesen auf (II.). Danach werden die ethischen Probleme diskutiert, die sich hinsichtlich Gehirnorganoiden und deren Nutzung ergeben (III.). Zuletzt werden solche Behandlungseingriffe mit Gehirnorganoiden, die neben einer therapeutischen auch eine enhancende Wirkung haben, aus rechtlicher Sicht betrachtet. Dafür wird u. a. auf Fragender rechtlichen Einordnung von Gehirnorganoiden, arzneimittelzulassungsrechtliche Fragen, Einwilligungsfragen und sozialversicherungsrechtliche Aspekte eingegangen (IV.). KW - Enhancement KW - Gehirnorganoide KW - Medizinrecht Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023021209214076051248 VL - 2022 IS - 40 SP - 907 EP - 917 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Komander, Verena A1 - König, Andreas T1 - Organizations on stage: organizational research and the performing arts JF - Management Review Quarterly N2 - Management and organization scholars have long been intrigued by the performing arts—music, theater, and dance—as a rich context for studying organizational phenomena. Indeed, a plethora of studies suggest that the performing arts are more than an interesting sideline for authors, as they offer unique theoretical and empirical lenses for organization studies. However, this stream of literature spreads across multiple research areas, varies with regard to its underlying theories and methods, and fails to pay sufficient attention to the contextuality of the findings. We address the resulting limitations by identifying and reviewing 89 articles on management and organization related to the performing arts published in 15 top-tier journals between 1976 and 2022. We find that research in the performing arts advances organizational theory and the understanding of organizational phenomena in four key ways, namely by studying (1) organizational phenomena in performing-arts contexts; (2) performing-arts phenomena in organizational contexts; (3) organizational phenomena through the prism of performing-arts theories; and (4) organizational phenomena through the prism of performing-arts practices. We also find that, in contrast to other settings, the performing arts are uniquely suited for immersive participant-observer research and for generating genuine insights into fundamental organizational structures and processes that are generic conditions of the performing arts and management alike, such as leadership, innovation, and the management of uncertainty. Finally, based on our consolidation of the research gaps and limitations of the reviewed studies, we develop a comprehensive agenda for future research. KW - Performing arts KW - Music KW - Dance KW - Jazz KW - Theatre KW - Organization KW - Management KW - Leadership Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023010321004612876788 VL - 2024 IS - 74 SP - 303 EP - 352 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritz, Manuela T1 - Wave after wave: determining the temporal lag in Covid-19 infections and deaths using spatial panel data from Germany JF - Journal of Spatial Econometrics N2 - The Covid-19 pandemic requires a continuous evaluation of whether current policies and measures taken are sufficient to protect vulnerable populations. One quantitative indicator of policy effectiveness and pandemic severity is the case fatality ratio, which relies on the lagged number of infections relative to current deaths. The appropriate length of the time lag to be used, however, is heavily debated. In this article, I contribute to this debate by determining the temporal lag between the number of infections and deaths using daily panel data from Germany’s 16 federal states. To account for the dynamic spatial spread of the virus, I rely on different spatial econometric models that allow not only to consider the infections in a given state but also spill over effects through infections in neighboring federal states. My results suggest that a wave of infections within a given state is followed by increasing death rates 12 days later. Yet, if the number of infections in other states rises, the number of death cases within that given state subsequently decreases. The results of this article contribute to the better understanding of the dynamic spatio-temporal spread of the virus in Germany, which is indispensable for the design of effective policy responses. KW - Covid-19 KW - Spatio-temporal models KW - Time lag effects KW - Spatial spillovers KW - Spatial Durbin model KW - Germany Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022112821095396799160 VL - 2022 IS - 3 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Göler, Daniel T1 - Müller-Brandeck-Bocquet, G. (Hrsg.) (2021). Deutsche Europapolitik von Adenauer bis Merkel. JF - Zeitschrift für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik N2 - Rezension zu: Müller-Brandeck-Bocquet, G. (Hrsg.) (2021). Deutsche Europapolitik von Adenauer bis Merkel. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 416 Seiten, ISBN: 978-3658353391. KW - Europapolitik KW - Deutschland Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022121709042000885466 VL - 2022 IS - 15 SP - 345 EP - 347 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schweikl, Stefan A1 - Obermaier, Robert T1 - Lost in translation: IT business value research and resource complementarity : an integrative framework, shortcomings and future research directions JF - Management Review Quarterly N2 - Despite longstanding research efforts, there is still ambiguity surrounding the business value created by IT. To approach this conundrum, research focus has progressed from an isolated investigation of IT to the assessment of complementarity between IT and different non-IT resources such as work practices or decision structures. However, incoherence around the characteristics and scope of these complementary non-IT resources has created a fragmented body of research, preventing a sustainable knowledge creation. Thus, in this paper we synthesize the dispersed research efforts, identify shortcomings in the extant literature, and derive opportunities for future research. Specifically, we present a converging definition of complementary non-IT resources and specify their role in the value creation process from IT by viewing it through three distinct lenses: microeconomic theory, resource-based view, and contingency theory. We structure current research efforts by organizing complementary non-IT resources into distinct categories, namely strategy, structure, practices, processes, and culture (organizational resources), top management support, internal relations, and external relations (relational resources), worker skill (non-IT human resources), non-IT physical resources, as well as internal funds and external funds (financial resources). Finally, we highlight five important shortcomings in the current literature, such as the predominant use of reductionist approaches or monolithic IT measures, and make actionable recommendations to resolve them. KW - Literature review KW - Classification KW - IT value KW - Complementarity KW - Resource system KW - Configurations Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022093021520340946532 VL - 2022 IS - 73 SP - 1713 EP - 1749 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER -