TY - JOUR A1 - Knott, Manuel A1 - Strich, Franz A1 - Strunk, Kim Simon A1 - Mayer, Anne-Sophie T1 - Uncovering potential barriers of using initial coin offerings to finance artistic projects JF - Journal of Cultural Economics N2 - Artists make vital contributions to our society and lay the foundations for billion-dollar industries. However, these artists consistently struggle to acquire sufficientfunding for their projects and their livelihood. New technology-supported possibili-ties for funding artists and their projects have emerged in recent years. Initial CoinOffering (ICO) is a novel form of reward-based tokenized crowdfunding. AlthoughICOs are promising as a way to fund artistic projects, they lack widespread adoptionin the creative and cultural industry (CCI). Based on 35 qualitative in-depth inter-views, we identify four barriers that hinder the funding of artistic projects throughICOs: legal shortcomings, investment restrictions, lack of consumer interest, andintermediaries’ resistance. Our research contributes to cultural finance and fundingliterature by disclosing barriers that impede a promising form of financing artisticprojects. Further, we outline possible solutions to overcome them. We also con-tribute to the research about ICOs by showing that rather than reducing investmentrisks, these offerings merely shift them. KW - initial coin offerings KW - blockchain technology KW - cultural finance KW - artists KW - creative and cultural industries KW - barriers Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022081518483651137386 VL - 2022 IS - 46 SP - 317 EP - 344 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herberger, Marie T1 - Pfändungsschutz für Tiere JF - Natur und Recht N2 - Das Gerichtsvollzieherschutzgesetz (GvSchuG) hat den Pfändungsschutz für Tiere erweitert. Systematisch fällt auf, dass nunmehr die Pfändungsverbote, die gänzlich unterschiedliche Zielvorstellungen im Auge haben, in § 811Abs. 1 Nr. 8 ZPO undifferenziert zusammengeführt wurden. Gelungen ist, dass der Pfändungsschutz mit Blick auf die Versorgungsfunktion bzw. die Erwerbsfunktion vervollständigt wurde. Was den Schutz von Tieren unter dem Vorzeichen „Schutz der emotionalen Beziehung Mensch– Tier“ angeht, ist zu begrüßen, dass sich der Gesetzgeber von dem einschränkenden Merkmal „im häuslichen Bereich“ verabschiedet hat. Dennoch ist das Konzept der schutzwürdigen Beziehung zwischen Mensch und Tier durch das GvSchuG nicht vollständig verwirklicht worden. Dass nach wie vor das Vollstreckungsgericht angerufen werden kann, wenn ein Tier, das nicht zu Erwerbszwecken gehalten wird, einen hohen Wert hat und die Unpfändbarkeit für den Gläubiger eine Härte bedeuten würde, die auch unter Würdigung der Belange des Tierschutzes und der berechtigten Interessen des Schuldners nicht zu rechtfertigen ist (§ 811 Abs. 3 ZPO), steht mit der Grundidee der schutzwürdigen Beziehung zwischen Mensch und Tier nicht im Einklang. Hier besteht also nach wie vor Reformbedarf. KW - Tiere KW - Pfändungsschutz KW - Recht Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022052822431970208748 VL - 2022 IS - 44 SP - 106 EP - 109 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghosh Dastidar, Kanishka A1 - Jurgovsky, Johannes A1 - Siblini, Wissam A1 - Granitzer, Michael T1 - NAG: neural feature aggregation framework for credit card fraud detection JF - Knowledge and Information Systems N2 - The state-of-the-art feature-engineering method for fraud classification of electronic pay-ments uses manually engineered feature aggregates, i.e., descriptive statistics of thetransaction history. However, this approach has limitations, primarily that of being dependenton expensive human expert knowledge. There have been attempts to replace manual aggre-gation through automatic feature extraction approaches. They, however, do not consider thespecific structure of the manual aggregates. In this paper, we define the novel Neural Aggre-gate Generator (NAG), a neural network-based feature extraction module that learns featureaggregates end-to-end on the fraud classification task. In contrast to other automatic featureextraction approaches, the network architecture of the NAG closely mimics the structureof feature aggregates. Furthermore, the NAG extends learnable aggregates over traditionalones through soft feature value matching and relative weighting of the importance of differ-ent feature constraints. We provide a proof to show the modeling capabilities of the NAG.We compare the performance of the NAG to the state-of-the-art approaches on a real-worlddataset with millions of transactions. More precisely, we show that features generated with theNAG lead to improved results over manual aggregates for fraud classification, thus demon-strating its viability to replace them. Moreover, we compare the NAG to other end-to-endapproaches such as the LSTM or a generic CNN. Here we also observe improved results. Weperform a robust evaluation of the NAG through a parameter budget study, an analysis of theimpact of different sequence lengths and also the predictions across days. Unlike the LSTMor the CNN, our approach also provides further interpretability through the inspection of itsparameters. KW - finance KW - credit card fraud KW - representation learning Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022060219175235764329 VL - 2022 IS - 64 SP - 831 EP - 858 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Qiu, Ruyi A1 - Möller, Malte A1 - Koch, Iring A1 - Mayr, Susanne T1 - Saliency determines the integration of contextual information into stimulus–response episodes JF - Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics N2 - When humans perform a task, it has been shown that elements of this task, like stimulus (e.g., target and distractor)and response, are bound together into a common episodic representation called stimulus–response episode (or event file).Recently, the context, a completely task-irrelevant stimulus, was found to be integrated into an episode as well. However,instead of being bound directly with the response in a binary fashion, the context modulates the binary binding between thedistractor and response. This finding raises the questions of whether the context can also enter into a binary binding with theresponse, and if so, what determines the way of its integration. In order to resolve these questions, saliency of the contextwas manipulated in three experiments by changing the loudness (Experiment 1) and emotional valence (Experiment 2Aand 2B) of the context. All experiments implemented the four-alternative auditory negative priming paradigm introducedby Mayr and Buchner (2006, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32[4], 932–943).Results showed that the integration of context changed as a function of its saliency level. Specifically, the context of lowsaliency was not bound at all, the context of moderate saliency modulated the binary binding between the distractor andresponse, whereas the context of high saliency entered into a binary binding with the response. The current results extend aprevious finding by Hommel (2004, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8[11], 494–500) that there is a saliency threshold whichdetermines whether a stimulus is bound or not, by suggesting that a second threshold determines the specific structure (i.e.,binary vs. configural) of the resulting binding. KW - context KW - saliency KW - stimulus–response episode KW - binding Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023072001343346194537 VL - 2022 IS - 84 SP - 1264 EP - 1285 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kott, Annette A1 - Schuster, Jennifer A1 - Groß, Rainer A1 - Bauer, Christoph T1 - Maßnahmenkatalog Green IT an bayerischen Hochschulen N2 - "Der vorliegende Maßnahmenkatalog bietet abgestimmte Empfehlungen, um Nachhaltigkeit für bayerische Hochschulen im Bereich Green IT zu fördern. Ziel ist es, energieeffizientes Verhalten zu unterstützen und die IT-Landschaft nachhaltiger zu gestalten. Die Maßnahmen zielen nicht nur auf die Förderung eines verantwortungsvollen Handelns ab, sondern bieten auch das Potenzial, langfristig Kosteneinsparungen durch einen energieeffizienten Betrieb zu erzielen. Gleichzeitig wird nachhaltiges Handeln durch gesetzliche Vorgaben wie dem Energieeffizienzgesetz zunehmend verbindlicher, da auch Hochschulen diesen Anforderungen unterliegen. Der Maßnahmenkatalog unterstützt dabei, diese regulatorischen Anforderungen zu erfüllen und gleichzeitig einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Ressourcenschonung sowie zur Reduzierung von Treibhausgasemissionen zu leisten." (Zielsetzung, Seite III) KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Informationstechnologie KW - Hochschul-IT Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15327 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wild, Matthias T1 - A statistical perspective on machine learning: three essays on improvement, application and interpretation of predictive algorithms N2 - In this thesis we address a series of topics at the interface between statistics and machine learning. This includes the improvement of predictive algorithms using statistical concepts, potential and challenges in the application of predictive algorithms in areas traditionally covered by statistical theory, and the interpretation of black-box algorithms by means of statistical hypothesis testing. KW - machine learning KW - hypothesis test KW - statistical learning KW - boosting KW - random forest Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15311 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jäckel, Franziska A1 - Haberger, Mathias T1 - The stone-made myth of return : translocality and housing in Amedzofe, Ghana N2 - This paper delves into how migration and the resulting emergence of translocal networks, shaped by migrants' spatial and social trajectories, influence housing investment decisions in the area of origin. During our field stay in Amedzofe, a settlement in south-eastern Ghana, we gathered qualitative data in a transect walk with a local key informant and, building upon this, ten semi-structured interviews, alongside quantitative data collected through a questionnaire involving 94 households as part of the broader data collection within the MiTra|WA research project. By applying a simple propensity score matching approach, the study demonstrates that households with at least one migrant are 18 percentage points more likely to invest in housing for Amedzofe family members than non-migrant housholds. Notably, investments in aesthetically appealing housing are particularly significant. Our qualitative findings substantiate these observations, highlighting a strong inclination to showcase translocal interconnectedness and a lasting sense of belonging to Amedzofe. Housing investments also encapsulate the ingrained notion of migrants' eventual return to Amedzofe, especially for retirement, namely the "stone-made myth of return." Our study emphasizes the need for expanded research focus on translocal networks and the symbolic importance of housing in the Ghanaian context. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for addressing the implications of growing demands for living space, which may impact land distribution and require further investigation. T3 - Migration, translocality and development in times of climate change. Mitra|WA Working Paper Series - 4 KW - migration KW - translocal network KW - housing investment Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15301 IS - 4 ER - TY - THES A1 - Nagelmüller, Mauritius T1 - Litigation Finance in Environmental Disputes N2 - Litigation finance can be deployed within the field of environmental disputes as effectively as in traditionally targeted practice areas, in order to further the aims of environmental protection. To substantiate this statement, the mechanism of litigation finance will be scrutinized first, alongside its application to date in the four jurisdictions where its usage is established. Secondly, features characteristic of environmental disputes will be identified in order to assess the potential of their applicability to litigation finance. Finally, these two domains are analyzed in an integrated manner, through case studies of environmental disputes which have been financed to identify key challenges as well as potential impact. In conclusion, this thesis describes how litigation finance can be effectively employed for environmental disputes and offers a guideline for financing environmental disputes successfully. KW - jurisdiction KW - financing KW - environment Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15269 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Stoll, Oliver A1 - Praml, Johannes A1 - Reitzer, Lukas T1 - Eine römische Militärfamilie in Passau-Innstadt: Neues zu einem wenig beachteten Denkmal im Römermuseum Kastell Boiotro N2 - Bei dem Beitrag handelt es sich um die neue Bearbeitung eines Grabdenkmals einer römischen Militärfamilie des 3. Jhs. n. Chr. Der Stein, der im Bereich des Gräberfeldes des norischen Kastells Boiodurum aufgestellt gewesen ist, trägt eine schwer lesbare Inschrift. Im Rahmen der Untersuchung mittels Streulicht- bzw. RTI-Scans konnten wir einen neue Lesung der Inschrift erarbeiten. Eingebettet werden diese Ergebnisse in eine Deutung des Denkmals bzw. eine Einordnung in die Gattung dieser Denkmäler von Militärfamilien, die eine Besonderheit des Donauraumes darstellen. KW - Militärfamilie KW - Grabdenkmal KW - RTI-Scan KW - Streulicht-Scan KW - Römische Inschrift in Passau, Neulesung Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15272 ER - TY - THES A1 - Greifenstein, Luisa T1 - Supporting Primary School Programming Education through Formative Feedback N2 - Children are increasingly surrounded by computer science aspects in their everyday life. Primary school education aims at empowering children to participate in and reflect on their environment. Therefore, computer science related contents such as programming are increasingly introduced into primary school curricula. However, this also involves challenges in particular for teachers, who need to familiarise themselves with the new curriculum. As a result, primary school teachers often struggle to help primary school children with their programming issues. Corrective feedback given during the learning process (i. e. formative feedback) can help by promoting cognitive factors such as content knowledge. This thesis therefore aims to support primary school programming education through formative feedback. In order to shed light on different perspectives, both teachers and children participated in the studies in a mixed methods design. Teachers’ challenges and children’s programming issues were explored as a basis for knowing what both target groups struggle with. This was done by conducting content analysis on the challenges and issues collected and using the resulting categories for further quantitative analysis. The effects of different characteristics of feedback on the effectiveness and efficiency of teaching and learning programming were then explained. This was done by asking the teachers and children to explain their ratings and conducting content analysis on their explanations. The support of primary school programming education through formative feedback builds on the major challenge of teachers’ lack of content knowledge and the corresponding strategies of teacher training and automated feedback. Indeed, automated feedback was found to be mostly helpful for debugging and task creation. In order to provide direct support to children, common programming issues were identified in terms of the understanding of programming concepts and the usage of the programming environment. Effects on children’s learning and their preferences were identified for several feedback characteristics, leading for example to elaborated hints instead of simple direct instructions. Based on these results, a formative feedback approach of hint cards was developed and evaluated. The hint cards approach proved to be a useful example strategy for supporting primary school programming education through formative feedback. N2 - Kinder sind in ihrem Alltag zunehmend von informatischen Phänomenen umgeben. Die Grundschulbildung zielt darauf ab, Kinder zu befähigen, an ihrer Umwelt teilzuhaben und sie zu reflektieren. Daher werden informatikbezogene Inhalte wie das Programmieren zunehmend in die Lehrpläne der Grundschulen aufgenommen. Dies bringt jedoch auch Herausforderungen mit sich, insbesondere für die Lehrkräfte, die sich mit dem neuen Lehrplan und Ansätzen vertraut machen müssen. Infolgedessen fällt es Grundschullehrkräften oft schwer, Grundschulkindern bei ihren Programmierproblemen zu helfen. Korrektives Feedback, das während des Lernprozesses gegeben wird (formatives Feedback), kann helfen, indem es kognitive Faktoren wie fachliches Wissen fördert. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es daher, den Programmierunterricht in der Grundschule durch formatives Feedback zu unterstützen. Um die unterschiedlichen Perspektiven zu beleuchten, nahmen sowohl Lehrkräfte als auch Kinder an den Studien in einem Mixed Methods-Design teil. Die Herausforderungen der Lehrkräfte und die Schwierigkeiten der Kinder bei der Programmierung wurden exploriert, um zu erfahren, womit beide Zielgruppen Probleme haben. Dazu wurden die gesammelten Herausforderungen und Probleme einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse unterzogen und die daraus resultierenden Kategorien für eine weitere quantitative Analyse verwendet. Außerdem wurden die Auswirkungen verschiedener Merkmale des Feedbacks auf die Effektivität und Effizienz des Lehrens und Lernens von Programmierkonzepten erklärt. Dazu erläuterten die Lehrkräfte und Kinder ihre Bewertungen und ihre Erläuterungen wurden einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse unterzogen. Die Unterstützung des Programmierunterrichts in der Grundschule durch formatives Feedback baut auf der großen Herausforderung des fehlenden fachlichen Wissens der Lehrkräfte und den entsprechenden Strategien der Lehrkräftebildung und des automatischen Feedbacks auf. Das automatische Feedback erwies sich beim Debugging und bei der Erstellung von Aufgaben als hilfreich. Um die Kinder direkt zu unterstützen, wurden allgemeine Programmierprobleme in Bezug auf das Verständnis von Programmierkonzepten und die Nutzung der Programmierumgebung ermittelt. Es wurden Auswirkungen auf das Lernen der Kinder und ihre Präferenzen für verschiedene Feedback-Merkmale ermittelt, was beispielsweise in elaborierten Hinweisen anstelle einfacher direkter Anweisungen resultiert. Auf der Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse wurde ein formatives Feedbackkonzept mit Hinweiskärtchen entwickelt und evaluiert. Dieses Konzept erwies sich als nützliche Strategie zur Unterstützung des Programmierunterrichts in der Grundschule durch formatives Feedback. KW - feedback KW - programming education KW - primary school education KW - Rückmeldung KW - Grundschulunterricht KW - Algorithmische Programmierung Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15188 ER -