@misc{Seefried2023, author = {Seefried, Romina}, title = {Semantische Vielfalt im ‚freien' Erz{\"a}hlraum. Semiotische Aspekte der Early-Literacy-F{\"o}rderung im Kontext von Multimodalit{\"a}t}, issn = {2364-9224}, doi = {10.15475/skms.2023.1.12}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11805}, pages = {355 -- 382}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Der Beitrag „Semantische Vielfalt im ‚freien' Erz{\"a}hlraum. Semiotische Aspekte der Early-Literacy-F{\"o}rderung im Kontext von Multimodalit{\"a}t" von Romina Seefried betrachtet verschiedene Storytelling-Formate, die f{\"u}r eine handlungs- und produktionsorientierte F{\"o}rderung des m{\"u}ndlichen Erz{\"a}hlens im Rahmen der Early-Literacy-F{\"o}rderung genutzt werden und analysiert deren multimodales Potenzial.}, language = {de} } @misc{SchlintlPissarek2023, author = {Schlintl, Magdalena and Pissarek, Markus}, title = {Multimodalit{\"a}t im Literaturunterricht}, issn = {2364-9224}, doi = {10.15475/skms.2023.1.10}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11780}, pages = {297 -- 326}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Der Beitrag „Multimodalit{\"a}t im Literaturunterricht" von Magdalena Schlintl und Markus Pissarek beleuchtet, wie multimodale, literarische und nicht-literarische Texte zum Erwerb von prozeduralem Handlungswissen im Bereich der semiotisch fundierten Textanalyse und -interpretation beitragen. Neben der multimodalen Transferf{\"a}higkeit zeigt er grundlegend auf, welche Relevanz das Ph{\"a}nomen Multimodalit{\"a}t als Unterrichtsmedium, Unterrichtsgegenstand und Unterst{\"u}tzungsinstrument im Deutschunterricht hat.}, language = {de} } @misc{Hennig2023, author = {Hennig, Martin}, title = {Spiel der Attraktionen. Raum, K{\"o}rper und Ideologie im multimodalen Dispositiv der Virtuellen Realit{\"a}t}, issn = {2364-9224}, doi = {10.15475/skms.2023.1.7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11755}, pages = {203 -- 224}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Der Beitrag „Spiel der Attraktionen. Raum, K{\"o}rper und Ideologie im multimodalen Dispositiv der Virtuellen Realit{\"a}t" von Martin Hennig geht am Beispiel der neuen Technologie der Virtuellen Realit{\"a}t der Frage nach einer ‚neuen Medialit{\"a}t' nach und f{\"u}hrt diese eng mit der Frage nach ihrer multimodalen Konfiguration und Spezifik im Medienverbund, im Abgleich mit der verwandten Form des Video- und Computerspiels. Da es die Ebene der r{\"a}umlichen Immersion ist, die in g{\"a}ngigen VR-Definitionen als mediales Alleinstellungsmerkmal fokussiert wird, werden zur Illustrierung Horrorspiele gew{\"a}hlt, da in diesen die r{\"a}umlichen Konstellationen zentral sind.}, language = {de} } @misc{Haenselmann2023, author = {H{\"a}nselmann, Matthias C.}, title = {Die innere Gestalt der Worte. Zur Multimodalit{\"a}t von Poesiefilmen}, doi = {10.15475/skms.2023.1.5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11737}, pages = {147 -- 166}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Der Beitrag „Die innere Gestalt der Worte. Zur Multimodalit{\"a}t von Poesiefilmen" von Matthias C. H{\"a}nselmann widmet sich der relativ neuen Filmgattung des Poesiefilms und lotet aus, welche Modalit{\"a}ten bei der {\"U}berf{\"u}hrung einer literarisch-lyrischen Gedichtvorlage in filmische Strukturen wie zum Einsatz kommen, und erweitert damit das systematisch-theoretische Feld ‚klassischer' Multimodalit{\"a}t.}, language = {de} } @misc{KrahSeefried2023, author = {Krah, Hans and Seefried, Romina}, title = {Multimodalit{\"a}t als ‚Medialit{\"a}t zweiter Ordnung'. Lesarten eines text-bild-medien{\"u}bergreifenden ‚Dispositivs' - zur Einf{\"u}hrung in den Band}, issn = {2364-9224}, doi = {10.15475/skms.2023.1.1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11690}, pages = {7 -- 20}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die Schriften zur Kultur- und Mediensemiotik | Online sind ein Open Access Journal des Virtuellen Zentrums f{\"u}r kultursemiotische Forschung / Virtual Centre for Cultural Semiotics (www.kultursemiotik.com). Die Ausgabe 12 beleuchtet verschiedene Dimensionen der Multimodalit{\"a}t mit der Zielsetzung, sie literatur- und mediensemiotisch zu fundieren und/oder analytisch-interpretativ zu erkunden und/oder einer kultursemiotischen Diskussion zu unterziehen. Der Band fokussiert digitale und insbesondere didaktische Ausrichtungen, stellt diesen aber die Folie eines fachwissenschaftlichen Fundaments wie exemplarischer Analysen eher tradierter Formen zum Vergleich voran.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Seruset2023, author = {Seruset, Marco}, title = {Three Essays on Price Discovery, Stock Liquidity, and Crash Risk}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11563}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {IV, 227 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Abstract 1: This paper investigates whether market quality, uncertainty, investor sentiment and attention, and macroeconomic news affect bitcoin price discovery in spot and futures markets. Over the period December 2017 - March 2019, we find significant time variation in the contribution to price discovery of the two markets. Increases in price discovery are mainly driven by relative trading costs and volume, and by uncertainty to a lesser extent. Additionally, medium-sized trades contain most information in terms of price discovery. Finally, higher news-based bitcoin sentiment increases the informational role of the futures market, while attention and macroeconomic news have no impact on price discovery. Abstract 2: We investigate whether local religious norms affect stock liquidity for U.S. listed companies. Over the period 1997-2020, we find that firms located in more religious areas have higher liquidity, as reflected by lower bid-ask spreads. This result persists after the inclusion of additional controls, such as governance metrics, and further sensitivity and endogeneity analyses. Subsample tests indicate that the impact of religiosity on stock liquidity is particularly evident for firms operating in a poor information environment. We further show that firms located in more religious areas have lower price impact of trades and smaller probability of information-based trading. Overall, our findings are consistent with the notion that religiosity, with its antimanipulative ethos, probably fosters trust in corporate actions and information flows, especially when little is known about the firm. Finally, we conjecture an indirect firm value implication of religiosity through the channel of stock liquidity. Abstract 3: This study shows that higher physical distance to institutional shareholders is associated with higher stock price crash risk. Since monitoring costs increase with distance, the results are consistent with the monitoring theory of local institutional investors. Cross-sectional analyses show that the effect of proximity on crash risk is more pronounced for firms with weak internal governance structures. The significant relation between distance and crash risk still holds under the implementation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, however, to a lower extent. Also, the existence of the channel of bad news hoarding is confirmed. Finally, I show that there is heterogeneity in distance-induced monitoring activities of different types of institutions.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Spindler2023, author = {Spindler, Marie-Kristin}, title = {Empathieverst{\"a}ndnis und Empathiebewusstsein bei Grundschullehrkr{\"a}ften}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12753}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {253 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Empathie - h{\"a}ufig verstanden als die F{\"a}higkeit, sich vorstellen und nachempfinden zu k{\"o}nnen, was in einer anderen Person vor sich gehen k{\"o}nnte (vgl. Wirtz 2013, S. 447) - ist ein Begriff, der im p{\"a}dagogischen Schulalltag bedeutsam ist und zur Professionalisierung von Lehrkr{\"a}ften beitr{\"a}gt. So ist Empathie beispielsweise essenziell f{\"u}r die Gestaltung sozialer Interaktionen (vgl. Baron-Cohen \& Wheelwright 2004, S. 163), die Qualit{\"a}t der Interaktion zwischen Lehrenden und Lernenden (vgl. Warren 2013, S. 6), deren Vertrauensverh{\"a}ltnis (vgl. Gassner 2006, S. 8) und die Lehrer/-innen-Sch{\"u}ler/-innen-Beziehung (vgl. Liekam 2004, S. 21). {\"U}ber welches subjektive Verst{\"a}ndnis des Empathiebegriffs verf{\"u}gen jedoch Lehrpersonen selbst? F{\"u}r wie wichtig erachten sie es, dass Lehrkr{\"a}fte empathisch sind und warum? Was macht aus ihrer Sicht eine empathische Lehrkraft aus, welche Faktoren werden als empathief{\"o}rdernd bzw. empathiehemmend empfunden und welche Begr{\"u}ndungslinien f{\"u}hren sie f{\"u}r die Einsch{\"a}tzung ihrer eigenen Empathief{\"a}higkeit bzw. der von KollegInnen an? Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse von Expertinneninterviews mit {\"o}sterreichischen Grundschullehrkr{\"a}ften legen strukturiert subjektive Empathiedefinitionen von Lehrpersonen dar, fassen Begr{\"u}ndungslinien f{\"u}r die Wichtigkeit einer empathischen Lehrperson im Schulalltag zusammen, beschreiben empathisch eingestufte Ausdrucksweisen und Grundhaltungen der befragten Lehrpersonen und identifizieren subjektive F{\"o}rder- und Hemmfaktoren auf Empathie. Weitere Aspekte im Empathiebewusstsein von Lehrpersonen werden vorgestellt sowie Ver{\"a}nderungen im Empathiebewusstsein von Lehrkr{\"a}ften aufgrund von Expertise und Berufserfahrung herausgearbeitet. Diese Arbeit leistet einen Beitrag zur Grundlagenforschung und Empathiediskussion im bildungswissenschaftlichen wie grundschulp{\"a}dagogischen und -didaktischen Feld. Erkenntnisse k{\"o}nnten f{\"u}r die Lehramtsausbildung sowie die Weiterbildung von P{\"a}dagoginnen und P{\"a}dagogen bedeutsam sein und neue Impulse liefern, beispielsweise was die Forcierung sozialer Kompetenzen betrifft.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Baumgartner2023, author = {Baumgartner, Isolde}, title = {Der Einfluss von Aufgabenmerkmalen auf situationales Interesse im Fach Geschichte}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12785}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {316 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Welche Typen von Lernaufgaben werden von Jugendlichen als interessant und bedeutsam wahrgenommen? Lassen sich positive Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen Aufgabenmerkmalen und aufgabenbezogenem situationalem Interesse von Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern herstellen? Diese Arbeit untersucht auf der Basis von Interessentheorien die Wirkung von Aufgabenmerkmalen auf situationales Interesse im Fach Geschichte. Aufgrund haupts{\"a}chlich normativ gesetzter geschichtsdidaktischer Vorschl{\"a}ge zur Lernaufgabengestaltung fehlt bislang ein empirisch {\"u}berpr{\"u}ftes Klassifikationsschema zur Beschreibung von unterschiedlichen Aufgabenmerkmalen. Die vorliegende Studie stellt die Entwicklung eines Aufgabenkategoriensystems vor und untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen Aufgabenmerkmalen und aufgabenspezifischem situationalem Interesse [Aufgabeninteressantheit (AI) und subjektive Bedeutsamkeit (SB)] von Lernenden. Als Aufgabenmerkmale ließen sich ‚Aufgabenschwierigkeit', ‚Offenheit der Aufgabenstellung' (Aufgabenstruktur), ‚Kognitive Anforderungen', ‚Lebensweltbezug', ‚Oberfl{\"a}chenmerkmale' (grafische Elemente) und ‚Aufgabenumfang' (Leseaufwand und Schreibaufwand) feststellen und wurden hinsichtlich AI und SB n{\"a}her untersucht. Es wurden insgesamt 801 bayerische Realsch{\"u}lerinnen und Realsch{\"u}ler (30 Klassen) der 9. Jahrgangsstufe dreimal innerhalb eines Zeitraums von zwei bis drei Wochen im Rahmen eines lernaufgabengesteuerten Unterrichts befragt. Nach {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung des Klassifikationsschemas zeigten multiple Regressionsanalysen, dass in den Einzelanalysen (Betrachtung der einzelnen Aufgabenmerkmale) AI vorwiegend durch schwierige Aufgaben, wenig strukturierte Aufgaben, Aufgaben mit hohen kognitiven Anforderungen sowie Aufgaben mit reiner Textdarstellung und hohem Lese- und Schreibaufwand vorhergesagt wurde, w{\"a}hrend SB nur durch Aufgaben mit Lebensweltbezug und Aufgaben mit hohem Leseaufwand pr{\"a}diziert wurde. Betrachtet man die Gesamtmodelle (Aufnahme aller Aufgabenmerkmale ins Modell) unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von Multikollinearit{\"a}t, zeigten sich positive Effekte auf SB bei Aufgaben mit dem Erfordernis eines historischen Werturteils, das ein In-Beziehung-Setzen des historischen Geschehens mit der eigenen Gegenwart impliziert. Hinsichtlich AI und SB zeigten sich positive Effekte bei Aufgaben mit hohem Leseaufwand. Negative Effekte auf AI ließen sich bei schwierigen Aufgaben und Aufgaben mit hohem Schreibaufwand feststellen. Hinsichtlich AI und SB zeigten sich negative Effekte bei Aufgaben mit reiner Textdarstellung. Der signifikant positive Einfluss von Aufgaben mit hohem Leseaufwand auf AI und SB deutet auf einen Pr{\"a}diktor hin, der Ans{\"a}tze f{\"u}r Nachfolgestudien im Fach Geschichte bietet. Da besonders die Lesekompetenz eine Voraussetzung und Teil historischer Kompetenz darstellt, sollte z. B. auf die Textschwierigkeit mehr Aufmerksamkeit gerichtet werden. Auch die Ergebnisse zum Schreibaufwand weisen auf Untersuchungsans{\"a}tze hin, welche Aufgabenkonstruktionen mit dem Erfordernis historischer Werturteile betreffen.}, subject = {Lernaufgabenforschung}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Birnkammerer2023, author = {Birnkammerer, Hannes}, title = {Bildung trotz Bologna. Analyse zum Bildungsbegriff an deutschen Universit{\"a}ten im Kontext der europ{\"a}ischen Hochschulreform}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12328}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {VII, 232 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Ausgehend von der Kritik am Bologna-Prozess und dem in diesem Zusammenhang immer wieder referenzierten Humboldt'schen Ideal der deutschen Universit{\"a}t untersucht die Arbeit die Frage, ob sich Widerspr{\"u}che zwischen diesem neuhumanistisch gepr{\"a}gten Ideal einer Bildung durch Wissenschaft und dem Bildungsverst{\"a}ndnis des Bologna-Prozesses auf europ{\"a}ischer Ebene feststellen lassen. Die Arbeit erg{\"a}nzt dabei den hermeneutischen bildungsphilosophischen und universit{\"a}tshistoriographischen Diskurs um die Idee von Universit{\"a}t durch eine empirisch-qualitative Textanalyse zentraler Texte des Bologna-Prozesses. In einem ersten Schritt wird das Leitbild Bildung durch Wissenschaft in seiner historischen Entwicklung und Manifestation analysiert und mit aktuellen Diskussionen zur Rolle von Universit{\"a}ten in der Wissensgesellschaft zusammengef{\"u}hrt. In einem zweiten Schritt wird das Bildungsverst{\"a}ndnis analysiert, das sich sowohl in den Kommuniqu{\´e}s der Ministerialtreffen des Bologna-Prozesses als auch in exemplarisch ausgew{\"a}hlten Stakeholder-Dokumenten aus der Bologna Follow-Up Group findet. Das Bildungsverst{\"a}ndnis wird dabei als latentes Konzept verstanden, das durch die Aufgabenzuschreibungen an Hochschulen in den drei Aufgabenbereichen Lehre, Forschung und Transfer mittels einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse kodiert und anschließend analysiert wird. Im Kontrast der beiden Ergebnisse zeigt sich, dass die Kommuniqu{\´e}s der Ministerialkonferenzen in den ersten Jahren stark von einer auf Qualifizierungsaspekte beschr{\"a}nkten instrumentell-{\"o}konomischen Sicht von Bildung gepr{\"a}gt waren, sich seit 2010 aber st{\"a}rker dem Ideal einer Bildung durch Wissenschaft ann{\"a}hern. Auch die Analyse der Stakeholder-Dokumente, die diesen politischen Prozess begleiten und informieren, zeigen ebenfalls - mit Ausnahme der Arbeitgebervertretung - entweder eine konstante Argumentation zumindest teilweise im Sinne dieses Ideals, oder aber eine Ann{\"a}herung hin zur Bildung durch Wissenschaft. Die Arbeit kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass sich diese Widerspr{\"u}che, wie sie von Kritikerinnen und Kritikern am Bologna-Prozess ge{\"a}ußert wurden, also tats{\"a}chlich wahrnehmen lassen, dieser Fakt jedoch haupts{\"a}chlich f{\"u}r die erste H{\"a}lfte des Bologna-Prozesses gelten kann. Durch den argumentativen Wandel in den Kommuniqu{\´e}s hin zu Positionen, die auch Teil des Bildungsideals deutscher Universit{\"a}ten darstellen, entstehen M{\"o}glichkeitsr{\"a}ume f{\"u}r Universit{\"a}ten, ihr Ideal unter den Bedingungen der Studienreform umzusetzen.}, subject = {Bologna-Prozess}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Kodes2023, author = {Kodes, Jan}, title = {Zum Verh{\"a}ltnis von E-Learning-Praktiken Studierender und den E-Learning-Angeboten wie -Potenzialen an Universit{\"a}ten: eine explorative empirische Studie}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12704}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {VII, 270 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In der vorliegenden Dissertation wird untersucht, wie Studierende bei der Pr{\"u}fungsvorbereitung auf die vorhandenen E-Learning Angebote zur{\"u}ckgreifen wie Dozierende E-Learning Angebote in der Lehre einsetzen und wie die Potenziale von E-Learning-Angeboten an den Universit{\"a}ten besser ausgesch{\"o}pft werden und die Studierenden bei der Pr{\"u}fungsvorbereitung zu unterst{\"u}tzen. Als Studiendesign wurde eine Kombination von quantitativen und qualitativen Methoden gew{\"a}hlt. An den verschiedenen Fakult{\"a}ten der Universit{\"a}t Passau wurde zu Beginn eine quantitative Befragung unter Studierenden zu deren Nutzung von Lehrmaterialien und Medienangeboten durchgef{\"u}hrt. Danach folgten qualitative Lehrenden- und Experteninterviews zum Medieneinsatz in der Lehre. Zum Abschluss wurden in einer zweiten quantitativen Befragung Studierender die Zusammenh{\"a}nge von Lernmotivation, Lernstrategien und Pr{\"u}fungsangst genauer untersucht. In den Ergebnissen zeigte sich, dass die Studierenden die E-Learning-Angebote nur dann annehmen, wenn sie daraus einen unmittelbaren Nutzen ziehen. Den Lehrenden stehen die entsprechenden Ressourcen zum Einsatz digitaler Medien h{\"a}ufig nicht zur Verf{\"u}gung. Kurz zusammengefasst bedeutet E-Learning an Universit{\"a}ten vor allem Folgendes: Hochladen und Verwalten von Lernmaterialien auf Lernplattformen, zus{\"a}tzlich die Bereitstellung von Videoaufzeichnungen bei Veranstaltungen mit hoher Teilnehmerzahl. Vereinzelt werden noch elektronische Klausuren oder Live Votings angeboten. Des Weiteren konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die weiblichen Studierenden, unabh{\"a}ngig vom Fachsemester, {\"u}ber eine h{\"o}here Lernmotivation als die m{\"a}nnlichen Studierenden verf{\"u}gen. Wenn Studierende sich mehr Lernstrategien zu eigen machen, ist sowohl deren Pr{\"u}fungsangst als auch die Anzahl der Arbeitsst{\"o}rungen geringer. K{\"u}nftig sollten die digitalen Medien verst{\"a}rkt dazu eingesetzt werden, die Studierenden zur aktiven Mitarbeit anzuregen. Die Lehrenden sollten Zugriff auf spezielle technische Ausr{\"u}stungen sowie auf didaktische Qualifizierung und Beratung haben, damit sie auch anspruchsvolle Medienangebote wie Webbasiertes Lernen oder Apps umsetzen k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Fritz2023, author = {Fritz, Manuela}, title = {Health challenges of the 21st century - Empirical essays on the health and economic burden of non-communicable diseases and climate change in Southeast Asia}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12649}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {x, 224 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In the ongoing 21st century, low- and middle-income countries will face two health challenges that are thoroughly different from what these countries have been dealing with in preceding centuries. First, they are confronted with surging rates of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and second, climate change will take its toll and is predicted to cause catastrophic health impairments and exacerbate chronic health conditions further. Both will pose a disproportionate health and economic burden on low- and middle-income countries, which are also the countries least able to cope with them. By threatening individual health and socioeconomic improvements, and by putting an immense burden on already constrained health care systems, they impede the progress in poverty reduction and widen health inequities between the rich and the poor. Against this background, this thesis investigates the potential of NCD prevention and treatment measures in the context of Southeast Asia, with case studies in Indonesia. Specifically, it seeks to understand what kind of health interventions have the potential to be (cost-)effective considering the cultural background, lifestyle, health literacy and health system capacities in the region. Further, this thesis analyzes the interplay between NCDs and climate change and assesses the financial burden that both might pose in the decades to come. Hence, this thesis contributes to a better understanding of how the two health challenges of the 21st century, NCDs and climate change, can be addressed in the context of Southeast Asia and offers insights into what type of health policies and interventions can play a supportive role.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{DwiLaksmana2023, author = {Dwi Laksmana, Dimas}, title = {Knowledge in the making : embodying transdisciplinary moments on organic agriculture in Yogyakarta, Indonesia}, address = {Passau}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12667}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {154 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Organic agriculture in Java, Indonesia, has been historically intertwined with social movements that struggled for more economically, ecologically, culturally, and socially sustainable agriculture. While these grassroots movements emerged under an authoritarian government that showed little interest in organic agriculture, the turn of the 21st century saw the rapid involvement of the Indonesian government in supporting, regulating and, arguably, commodifying organic agriculture. Institutionalization triggered diverse responses from competing organic actors, reflecting their different standpoints and knowledges. In this context, a transdisciplinary approach is deemed suitable to provide context-specific insights into organic agriculture. This dissertation draws on anthropology and Science and Technology Studies (STS) to explore the politics of knowledge of organic agriculture in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, as a contribution to a critique of transdisciplinarity. My interest on the hierarchization of different knowledges is inspired by the work of anthropologists of knowledge that asks how the communities they study construct knowledge and how they themselves construct knowledge about these communities. Since transdisciplinary knowledge is co-produced by science and society and reflects their embedded power relations, transdisciplinary research needs to be open to different interpretations, and reflexive towards the unequal distribution of resources, accountability, and responsibility. By linking these two lines of thought, I examine the making of knowledges through reflexive transdisciplinary work. I reflect on how "epistemic living space" (Felt 2009) and "co-presence" (Chua 2015) affect research and shape the politics of knowledge of organic agriculture in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. I argue that the hierarchization of different knowledges of organic agriculture was intertwined with my shifting positionalities, as a field researcher in Indonesia and PhD student at Passau University, as I moved between these two different "field sites". This cumulative dissertation is divided into two parts. In Part I, "Knowledge in the making", I present my contributions towards transdisciplinary knowledge production and politics of knowledge of organic agriculture. Part II, "Publications", comprises the three stand-alone papers. The first contribution is my formulation of the notion of knowledge in the making. The second is my exploration of the ways that reflexive transdisciplinary work, and living and intersubjective experience shape knowledge in the making. The third is my demonstration of how an understanding of knowledge in the making sheds lights on the politics of knowledge of organic agriculture. This approach serves to examine the politics involved in synthesizing the conceptualizations of organic agriculture employed by different actors into one overarching narrative, such as sustainable agriculture or alternative agriculture. My final contribution is the notion of transdisciplinary moments, a conceptualization of transdisciplinary research practice that accounts for the politics of knowledge in which both scientific and extra-scientific actors are embedded. As a conclusion, I share the lessons learned from pursuing a PhD as a cumulative dissertation in an unstructured setting within a German-Indonesian research project on Indonesian organic agriculture. Finally, I identify bodies of literature and strands of thinking for future engagement within transdisciplinary research and discuss their potential to contribute to radical change in the institutional and value structures of contemporary academia.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Alhamzeh2023, author = {Alhamzeh, Alaa}, title = {Language Reasoning by means of Argument Mining and Argument Quality}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12699}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {ix, 154 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Understanding of financial data has always been a point of interest for market participants to make better informed decisions. Recently, different cutting edge technologies have been addressed in the Financial Technology (FinTech) domain, including numeracy understanding, opinion mining and financial ocument processing. In this thesis, we are interested in analyzing the arguments of financial experts with the goal of supporting investment decisions. Although various business studies confirm the crucial role of argumentation in financial communications, no work has addressed this problem as a computational argumentation task. In other words, the automatic analysis of arguments. In this regard, this thesis presents contributions in the three essential axes of theory, data, and evaluation to fill the gap between argument mining and financial text. First, we propose a method for determining the structure of the arguments stated by company representatives during the public announcement of their quarterly results and future estimations through earnings conference calls. The proposed scheme is derived from argumentation theory at the micro-structure level of discourse. We further conducted the corresponding annotation study and published the first financial dataset annotated with arguments: FinArg. Moreover, we investigate the question of evaluating the quality of arguments in this financial genre of text. To tackle this challenge, we suggest using two levels of quality metrics, considering both the Natural Language Processing (NLP) literature of argument quality assessment and the financial era peculiarities. Hence, we have also enriched the FinArg data with our quality dimensions to produce the FinArgQuality dataset. In terms of evaluation, we validate the principle of ensemble learning on the argument identification and argument unit classification tasks. We show that combining a traditional machine learning model along with a deep learning one, via an integration model (stacking), improves the overall performance, especially in small dataset settings. In addition, despite the fact that argument mining is mainly a domain dependent task, to this date, the number of studies that tackle the generalization of argument mining models is still relatively small. Therefore, using our stacking approach and in comparison to the transfer learning model of DistilBert, we address and analyze three real-world scenarios concerning the model robustness over completely unseen domains and unseen topics. Furthermore, with the aim of the automatic assessment of argument strength, we have investigated and compared different (refined) versions of Bert-based models that incorporate external knowledge in the decision layer. Consequently, our method outperforms the baseline model by 13 ± 2\% in terms of F1-score through integrating Bert with encoded categorical features. Beyond our theoretical and methodological proposals, our model of argument quality assessment, annotated corpora, and evaluation approaches are publicly available, and can serve as strong baselines for future work in both FinNLP and computational argumentation domains. Hence, directly exploiting this thesis, we proposed to the community, a new task/challenge related to the analysis of financial arguments: FinArg-1, within the framework of the NTCIR-17 conference. We also used our proposals to react to the Touch{\´e} challenge at the CLEF 2021 conference. Our contribution was selected among the «Best of Labs».}, language = {en} } @techreport{Klumpp2023, author = {Klumpp, Lorenz}, title = {Populism by the media: Bildtypen in der Darstellung des politischen Personals auf Compact-Covern - eine Forschungsdokumentation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12458}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Forschungsdokumentation stellt die in einer Studie ermittelten Bildtypen auf Covern des Compact-Magazins detailliert mittels der ikonographisch-ikonologischen Analyse vor. Vor dem theoretischen Hintergrund des populism by the media kann aufgezeigt werden, dass sich in der visuellen Darstellung von PolitikerInnen auf den Compact-Titelbildern sowohl Variationen in der visuellen Inszenierung der populistischen Dichotomie zwischen ‚Volk' und ‚Elite' finden als auch die rechtspopulistische Konstruktion eines ethnokulturell homogenen Volkes.}, language = {de} } @misc{Mexis2023, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Mexis, Nico}, title = {A Comprehensive Comparison of Fuzzy Extractor Schemes Employing Different Error Correction Codes}, volume = {2023}, doi = {10.15475/ccfesedecc.2023}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12914}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {vii, 100 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This thesis deals with fuzzy extractors, security primitives often used in conjunction with Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs). A fuzzy extractor works in two stages: The generation phase and the reproduction phase. In the generation phase, an Error Correction Code (ECC) is used to compute redundant bits for a given PUF response, which are then stored as helper data, and a key is extracted from the response. Then, in the reproduction phase, another (possibly noisy) PUF response can be used in conjunction with this helper data to extract the original key. It is clear that the performance of the fuzzy extractor is strongly dependent on the underlying ECC. Therefore, a comparison of ECCs in the context of fuzzy extractors is essential in order to make them as suitable as possible for a given situation. It is important to note that due to the plethora of various PUFs with different characteristics, it is very unrealistic to propose a single metric by which the suitability of a given ECC can be measured. First, we give a brief introduction to the topic, followed by a detailed description of the background of the ECCs and fuzzy extractors studied. Then, we summarise related work and describe an implementation of the ECCs under consideration. Finally, we carry out the actual comparison of the ECCs and the thesis concludes with a summary of the results and suggestions for future work.}, subject = {Vorw{\"a}rtsfehlerkorrektur}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Welearegai2023, author = {Welearegai, Gebrehiwet Biyane}, title = {Precise Detection of Injection Attacks in Real-world Applications}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12926}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xvi, 120 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Code injection attacks like the one used in the high-profile 2017 Equifax breach, have become increasingly common, ranking at the top of OWASP's list of critical web application vulnerabilities. The injection attacks can also target embedded applications running on processors like ARM and Xtensa by exploiting memory bugs and maliciously altering the program's behavior or even taking full control over a system. Especially, ARM's support of low power consumption without sacrificing performance is leading the industry to shift towards ARM processors, which advances the attention of injection attacks as well. In this thesis, we are considering web applications and embedded applications (running on ARM and Xtensa processors) as the target of injection attacks. To detect injection attacks in web applications, taint analysis is mostly proposed but the precision, scalability, and runtime overhead of the detection depend on the analysis types (e.g., static vs dynamic, sound vs unsound). Moreover, in the existing dynamic taint tracking approach for Java- based applications, even the most performant can impose a slowdown of at least 10-20\% and often far more. On the other hand, considering the embedded applications, while some initial research has tried to detect injection attacks (i.e., ROP and JOP) on ARM, they suffer from high performance or storage overhead. Besides, the Xtensa has been neglected though used in most firmware-based embedded WiFi home automation devices. This thesis aims to provide novel approaches to precisely detect injection attacks on both the web and embedded applications. To that end, we evaluate JavaScript static analysis frameworks to evaluate the security of a hybrid app (JS \& native) from an industrial partner, provide RIVULET - a tool that precisely detects injection attacks in Java-based real-world applications, and investigate injection attacks detection on ARM and Xtensa platforms using hardware performance counters (HPCs) and machine learning (ML) techniques. To evaluate the security of the hybrid application, we initially compare the precision, scalability, and code coverage of two widely-used static analysis frameworks—WALA and SAFE. The result of our comparison shows that SAFE provides higher precision and better code coverage at the cost of somewhat lower scalability. Based on these results, we analyze the data flows of the hybrid app via taint analysis by extending the SAFE's taint analysis and detected a potential for injection attacks of the hybrid application. Similarly, to detect injection attacks in Java-based applications, we provide Rivulet which monitors the execution of developer-written functional tests using dynamic taint tracking. Rivulet uses a white-box test generation technique to re-purpose those functional tests to check if any vulnerable flow could be exploited. We compared Rivulet to the state-of-the-art static vulnerability detector Julia on benchmarks and Rivulet outperformed Julia in both false positives and false negatives. We also used Rivulet to detect new vulnerabilities. Moreover, for applications running on ARM and Xtensa platforms, we investigate ROP1 attack detection by combining HPCs and ML techniques. We collect data exploiting real- world vulnerable applications and small benchmarks to train the ML. For ROP attack detection on ARM, we also implement an online monitor which labels a program's execution as benign or under attack and stops its execution once the latter is detected. Evaluating our ROP attack detection approach on ARM provides a detection accuracy of 92\% for the offline training and 75\% for the online monitoring. Similarly, our ROP attack detection on the firmware-only Xtensa processor provides an overall average detection accuracy of 79\%. Last but not least, this thesis shows how relevant taint analysis is to precisely detect injection attacks on web applications and the power of HPC combined with machine learning in the control flow injection attacks detection on ARM and Xtensa platforms.}, language = {en} } @techreport{EckhardtFreilingHerrmannetal.2023, author = {Eckhardt, Dennis and Freiling, Felix and Herrmann, Dominik and Katzenbeisser, Stefan and P{\"o}hls, Henrich C.}, title = {Sicherheit in der Digitalisierung des Alltags: Definition eines ethnografisch-informatischen Forschungsfeldes f{\"u}r die L{\"o}sung allt{\"a}glicher Sicherheitsprobleme}, doi = {10.15475/sidial.2023}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13721}, pages = {18 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten hat es un{\"u}bersehbar zahlreiche Fortschritte im Bereich der IT-Sicherheitsforschung gegeben, etwa in den Bereichen Systemsicherheit und Kryptographie. Es ist jedoch genauso un{\"u}bersehbar, dass IT-Sicherheitsprobleme im Alltag der Menschen fortbestehen. Mutmaßlich liegt dies an der Komplexit{\"a}t von Alltagssituationen, in denen Sicherheitsmechanismen und Ger{\"a}tefunktionalit{\"a}t sowie deren Heterogenit{\"a}t in schwer antizipierbarer Weise mit menschlichem Verst{\"a}ndnis und Alltagsgebrauch interagieren. Um die wissenschaftliche Forschung besser auf Menschen und deren IT-Sicherheitsbed{\"u}rfnisse auszurichten, m{\"u}ssen wir daher den Alltag der Menschen besser verstehen. Das Verst{\"a}ndnis von Alltag ist in der Informatik jedoch noch unterentwickelt. Dieser Beitrag m{\"o}chte das Forschungsfeld "Sicherheit in der Digitalisierung des Alltags" definieren, um Forschenden die Gelegenheit zu geben, ihre Anstrengungen in diesem Bereich zu b{\"u}ndeln. Wir machen dabei Vorschl{\"a}ge einerseits zur inhaltlichen Eingrenzung der informatischen Forschung. Andererseits m{\"o}chten wir durch die Einbeziehung von Forschungsmethoden aus der Ethnografie, die Erkenntnisse aus der durchaus subjektiven Beobachtung des "Alltags" vieler einzelner Individuen zieht, zur methodischen Weiterentwicklung interdisziplin{\"a}rer Forschung in diesem Feld beitragen. Die IT- Sicherheitsforschung kann dann Bestehendes gezielt f{\"u}r eine richtige Alltagstauglichkeit optimieren und neue grundlegende Sicherheitsfunktionalit{\"a}ten f{\"u}r die konkreten Herausforderungen im Alltag entwickeln.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Danner2023, author = {Danner, Dominik}, title = {Towards Quality of Service and Fairness in Smart Grid Applications}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13731}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xx, 172 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Due to the increasing amount of distributed renewable energy generation and the emerging high demand at consumer connection points, e. g., electric vehicles, the power distribution grid will reach its capacity limit at peak load times if it is not expensively enhanced. Alternatively, smart flexibility management that controls user assets can help to better utilize the existing power grid infrastructure for example by sharing available grid capacity among connected electric vehicles or by disaggregating flexibility requests to hybrid photovoltaic battery energy storage systems in households. Besides maintaining an acceptable state of the power distribution grid, these smart grid applications also need to ensure a certain quality of service and provide fairness between the individual participants, both of which are not extensively discussed in the literature. This thesis investigates two smart grid applications, namely electric vehicle charging-as-a-service and flexibility-provision-as-a-service from distributed energy storage systems in private households. The electric vehicle charging service allocation is modeled with distributed queuing-based allocation mechanisms which are compared to new probabilistic algorithms. Both integrate user constraints (arrival time, departure time, and energy required) to manage the quality of service and fairness. In the queuing-based allocation mechanisms, electric vehicle charging requests are packetized into logical charging current packets, representing the smallest controllable size of the charging process. These packets are queued at hierarchically distributed schedulers, which allocate the available charging capacity using the time and frequency division multiplexing technique known from the networking domain. This allows multiple electric vehicles to be charged simultaneously with variable charging currents. To achieve high quality of service and fairness among electric vehicle charging processes, dynamic weights are introduced into a weighted fair queuing scheduler that considers electric vehicle departure time and required energy for prioritization. The distributed probabilistic algorithms are inspired by medium access protocols from computer networking, such as binary exponential backoff, and control the quality of service and fairness by adjusting sampling windows and waiting periods based on user requirements. The second smart grid application under investigation aims to provide flexibility provision-as-a-service that disaggregates power flexibility requests to distributed battery energy storage systems in private households. Commonly, the main purpose of stationary energy storage is to store energy from a local photovoltaic system for later use, e. g., for overnight charging of an electric vehicle. This is optimized locally by a home energy management system, which also allows the scheduling of external flexibility requests defined by the deviation from the optimal power profile at the grid connection point, for example, to perform peak shaving at the transformer. This thesis discusses a linear heuristic and a meta heuristic to disaggregate a flexibility request to the single participating energy management systems that are grouped into a flexibility pool. Thereby, the linear heuristic iteratively assigns portions of the power flexibility to the most appropriate energy management system for one time slot after another, minimizing the total flexibility cost or maximizing the probability of flexibility delivery. In addition, a multi-objective genetic algorithm is proposed that also takes into account power grid aspects, quality of service, and fairness among par-ticipating households. The genetic operators are tailored to the flexibility disaggregation search space, taking into account flexibility and energy management system constraints, and enable power-optimized buffering of fitness values. Both smart grid applications are validated on a realistic power distribution grid with real driving patterns and energy profiles for photovoltaic generation and household consumption. The results of all proposed algorithms are analyzed with respect to a set of newly defined metrics on quality of service, fairness, efficiency, and utilization of the power distribution grid. One of the main findings is that none of the tested algorithms outperforms the others in all quality of service metrics, however, integration of user expectations improves the service quality compared to simpler approaches. Furthermore, smart grid control that incorporates users and their flexibility allows the integration of high-load applications such as electric vehicle charging and flexibility aggregation from distributed energy storage systems into the existing electricity distribution infrastructure. However, there is a trade-off between power grid aspects, e. g., grid losses and voltage values, and the quality of service provided. Whenever active user interaction is required, means of controlling the quality of service of users' smart grid applications are necessary to ensure user satisfaction with the services provided.}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-1375, title = {Universit{\"a}tsbibliothek Passau: Jahresbericht 2022}, address = {Passau}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13751}, pages = {33 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Jahresbericht der Universit{\"a}tsbibliothek Passau f{\"u}r das Jahr 2022.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Fink2023, author = {Fink, Simon Dominik}, title = {Constrained Planarity Algorithms in Theory and Practice}, doi = {10.15475/cpatp.2024}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13817}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {216 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In the constrained planarity setting, we ask whether a graph admits a crossing-free drawing that additionally satisfies a given set of constraints. These constraints are often derived from very natural problems; prominent examples are Level Planarity, where vertices have to lie on given horizontal lines indicating a hierarchy, Partially Embedded Planarity, where we extend a given drawing without modifying already-drawn parts, and Clustered Planarity, where we additionally draw the boundaries of clusters which recursively group the vertices in a crossing-free manner. In the last years, the family of constrained planarity problems received a lot of attention in the field of graph drawing. Efficient algorithms were discovered for many of them, while a few others turned out to be NP-complete. In contrast to the extensive theoretical considerations and the direct motivation by applications, only very few of the found algorithms have been implemented and evaluated in practice. The goal of this thesis is to advance the research on both theoretical as well as practical aspects of constrained planarity. On the theoretical side, we consider two types of constrained planarity problems. The first type are problems that individually constrain the rotations of vertices, that is they restrict the counter-clockwise cyclic orders of the edges incident to vertices. We give a simple linear-time algorithm for the problem Partially Embedded Planarity, which also generalizes to further constrained planarity variants of this type. The second type of constrained planarity problem concerns more involved planarity variants that come down to the question whether there are embeddings of one or multiple graphs such that the rotations of certain vertices are in sync in a certain way. Clustered Planarity and a variant of the Simultaneous Embedding with Fixed Edges Problem (Connected SEFE-2) are well-known problems of this type. Both are generalized by our Synchronized Planarity problem, for which we give a quadratic algorithm. Through reductions from various other problems, we provide a unified modelling framework for almost all known efficiently solvable constrained planarity variants that also directly provides a quadratic-time solution to all of them. For both our algorithms, a key ingredient for reaching an efficient solution is the usage of the right data structure for the problem at hand. In this case, these data structures are the SPQR-tree and the PC-tree, which describe planar embedding possibilities from a global and a local perspective, respectively. More specifically, PC-trees can be used to locally describe the possible cyclic orders of edges around vertices in all planar embeddings of a graph. This makes it a key component for our algorithms, as it allows us to test planarity while also respecting further constraints, and to communicate constraints arising from the surrounding graph structure between vertices with synchronized rotation. Bridging over to the practical side, we present the first correct implementation of PC-trees. We also describe further improvements, which allow us to outperform all implementations of alternative data structures (out of which we only found very few to be fully correct) by at least a factor of 4. We show that this yields a simple and competitive planarity test that can also yield an embedding to certify planarity. We also use our PC-tree implementation to implement our quadratic algorithm for solving Synchronized Planarity. Here, we show that our algorithm greatly outperforms previous attempts at solving related problems like Clustered Planarity in practice. We also engineer its running time and show how degrees of freedom in the theoretical algorithm can be leveraged to yield an up to tenfold speed-up in practice.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Li2023, author = {Li, Yuze}, title = {Das System des Leistungsst{\"o}rungsrechts - eine vergleichende Studie zum deutschen und chinesischen Recht}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13712}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XVI, 296 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Das chinesische Zivilgesetzbuch wurde am 28. Mai 2020 verk{\"u}ndet, mit vielen {\"A}nderungen gegen{\"u}ber der vorherigen Gesetzgebung. In diesem Zusammenhang ist das Leistungsst{\"o}rungsrecht, das ein Kerngebiet des Schuldrechts ist, neu zu erfassen. Dies soll insbesondere anhand des deutschen Leistungsst{\"o}rungsrechts und eines Vergleichs zwischen beiden geschehen. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich daher mit einer Reihe grundlegender Fragen des chinesischen Leistungsst{\"o}rungsrechts. So kann man sich {\"u}ber die Herkunft des chinesischen Vertragsrechts, seinen gegenw{\"a}rtigen Stand, das rechtliche Regelsystem sowie die einschl{\"a}gige Behandlung in der Rechtsprechung informieren.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Duffourc2023, author = {Duffourc, Mindy}, title = {Liability for Negligent Healthcare Clinical Risk Management in the United States and Germany}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13859}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xvi, 141 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Systems-focused error prevention efforts are internationally recognized in the healthcare industry, and industry efforts to identify and correct organizational defects through the process of CRM are well established in the U.S. and Germany. However, in both countries, there is no clear corresponding liability for healthcare organizations who fail to engage in systems-based learning through the process of clinical risk management (CRM). Although both jurisdictions do recognize organization-based theories of liability, liability for negligent CRM has not been explicitly recognized by courts in either jurisdiction to date. German legal scholars, recognizing this gap in liability for healthcare organizations, have written in support of finding liability for negligent CRM under existing tort law; however, there is no corresponding discussion in the American legal literature. This dissertation fills that gap with a comparative analysis of medical negligence law in the U.S. and Germany through the international lens of modern medical error prevention science and policy to articulate a legal basis and sketch the evidentiary framework for tort liability based on negligent CRM.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Zimmermann2023, author = {Zimmermann, Johanna Anita}, title = {Taking the First Step on the Consumer Privacy Journey - Three Essays on Consumers' Privacy-Related Decision-Making}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13761}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {IX, 183 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Data has become a necessary resource for firm operations in the modern digital world, explaining their growing data gathering efforts. Due to this development, consumers are confronted with decisions to disclose personal data on a daily basis, and have become increasingly intentional about data sharing. While this reluctance to disclose personal data poses challenges for firms, at the same time, it also creates new opportunities for improving privacy-related interactions with customers. This dissertation advocates for a more holistic perspective on consumers' privacy-related decision-making and introduces the consumer privacy journey consisting of three subsequent phases: pre data disclosure, data disclosure, post data disclosure. In three independent essays, I stress the importance of investigating data requests (i.e., the first step of this journey) as they represent a largely neglected, yet, potentially powerful means to influence consumers' decision-making and decision-evaluation processes. Based on dual-processing models of decision-making, this dissertation focuses on both consumers' cognitive and affective evaluations of privacy-related information: First, Essay 1 offers novel conceptualizations and operationalizations of consumers' perceived behavioral control over personal data (i.e., cognitive processing) in the context of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based data disclosure processes. Next, Essay 2 examines consumers' cognitive and affective processing of a data request that entails relevance arguments as well as relevance-illustrating game elements. Finally, Essay 3 categorizes affective cues that trigger consumers' affective processing of a data request and proposes that such cues need to fit with a specific data disclosure situation to foster long-term decision satisfaction. Collectively, my findings provide research and practice with new insights into consumers' privacy perceptions and behaviors, which are particularly valuable in the context of complex, new (technology-enabled) data disclosure situations.}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-1386, title = {Vom Westen nichts Neues: das Beschweigen von Massenverbrechen}, volume = {8 (2023)}, number = {1}, editor = {M{\"o}stl, Charlotte and Rieger, Eva and Stahl, Bernhard}, organization = {Professur f{\"u}r Internationale Politik (Universit{\"a}t Passau)}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13868}, pages = {64 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Eva H{\"o}rmanns Beitrag „Die Rohingya-Krise: Eine Analyse der Reaktion der Vereinten Nationen auf die Massenverbrechen" widmet sich der agenda-setting-Rolle der UN f{\"u}r den Nachweis von Massengr{\"a}ueln. Dariush Movahedian untersucht in „Dr{\"o}hnendes Schweigen - Deutsche Politik und Medien zu Massenverbrechen im Tigray-Konflikt" Deutschlands Rolle in Bezug auf die Massengr{\"a}uel in {\"A}thiopien. Sheila Riek beleuchtet in "German Colonialism in Namibia and the Continuity of Structural lnjustice: Analysing the Parliament's Engagement with the Herero and Nama Genocide" die Erinnerungspolitik Deutschlands, was die Kolonialverbrechen des Deutschen Reiches in Namibia angeht. Dabei betreten die Beitr{\"a}ge oft auch theoretisches Neuland. Schließlich ist „Schweigen" bislang nicht prominent in den Internationalen Beziehungen bearbeitet worden. W{\"a}hrend Dariush Movahedian mit der Diskursgebundenen Identit{\"a}tstheorie Schweigen in der Politik, nicht aber in den Medien entdecken kann, arbeitet Eva H{\"o}rmann mit dem Spiralmodell des Transnationalen Konstruktivismus, um Schweigen gegen{\"u}ber Massenverbrechen analytisch zu fassen. Sheila Riek bevorzugt dahingegen eine kritische Perspektive, indem sie Ans{\"a}tze von Structural Injustice und die kritische Diskursanalyse nutzt, um Schweigen zur Herrschaftssicherung aufzudecken. Mit diesen Studien wird die Bandbreite und der Reichtum von IB-Perspektiven deutlich - und wir verstehen wieder ein kleines bisschen besser, wann, wie und warum wir schweigen. Inhalt: Eva H{\"o}rmann Die Rohingya-Krise Eine Analyse der Reaktion der Vereinten Nationen auf die Massenverbrechen Sheila-Ann Riek German Colonialism in Namibia and the Continuity of Structural Injustice Analysing the Parliament's Engagement with the Herero and Nama Genocide Dariush Movahedian Moghadam Dr{\"o}hnendes Schweigen Deutsche Politik und Medien zu Massenverbrechen im Tigray-Konflikt}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Miketta2023, author = {Miketta, Yvonne}, title = {Frame-Semantik und Plastikw{\"o}rter: Lexikologische Untersuchungen zur sprachlichen Signifikanz in der Politik des 21. Jahrhunderts}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12881}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {390 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Was m{\"o}chten Politikerinnen und Politiker mit dem Gesagten wirklich ausdr{\"u}cken? Welchen spezifischen Zweck erf{\"u}llen bestimmte Worte im politischen Kontext? In dieser Arbeit wird die sprachliche Signifikanz des Zusammenspiels von Frame-Semantik und Plastikw{\"o}rtern im Kontext der Politik des 21. Jahrhunderts untersucht. Nach der Vorstellung dieser beiden Theorien werden grundlegende Definitionen aus der Frame-Semantik und der Forschung zu Plastikw{\"o}rtern adaptiert, um das Vokabular in der politischen Kommunikation fachlich ad{\"a}quat analysieren zu k{\"o}nnen. F{\"u}r diese politolinguistische Analyse wurde eigenst{\"a}ndig ein Untersuchungskorpus erstellt, das aus Reden und Redeanteilen von deutschen Politikerinnen und Politikern aus dem Zeitraum von 2005 bis 2020 besteht. Das Korpus umfasst Reden bzw. Redeanteile verschiedener Politikerinnen und Politiker. Die korpuslinguistische Analyse soll den Zusammenhang zwischen Frame-Semantik und Plastikw{\"o}rtern in der Politik, sowie die dabei auftretenden sprachlichen Muster und Praktiken empirisch nachweisen. Hierzu wurde eine com-putergest{\"u}tzte Analyse mithilfe der Programmiersprachen Python und R durchgef{\"u}hrt. Sprache in der Politik bietet einen relevanten Themenbereich der Sprachwissenschaft. Sie ist durch die Medien in der Gesellschaft omnipr{\"a}sent und betrifft alle B{\"u}rgerinnen und B{\"u}rger. Aus diesem Grund ist die Bearbeitung dieses Fachgebietes von allgemeinem Interesse. Der kombinierte quantitative wie qualitative Einsatz von Frame-Semantik und Plastikwort-Forschung bei der Analyse eines politiksprachlichen Korpus stellt ein Forschungsdesiderat dar.}, subject = {Frame-Semantik}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Liang2023, author = {Liang, Hanning}, title = {Deflectometric Measurement of the Topography of Reflecting Freeform Surfaces in Motion}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11672}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xiv, 157 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Measuring the topography of specular surfaces with strong surface structures in motion was impossible before this research. A new method based on singleshot phase-measuring de ectometry (SSPMD) and combining different solution aspects has been presented.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Limbrunner2023, author = {Limbrunner, Franziska}, title = {D{\"u}stere Visionen: Die Neuverhandlung westlicher Wertekonzepte in franz{\"o}sischsprachigen Dystopien des 21. Jahrhunderts}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11890}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {VI, 329 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Diese Arbeit zeigt mittels einer vergleichenden Analyse repr{\"a}sentativer Einzelwerke aus der frankophonen Romanproduktion die Kerndiskurse der franz{\"o}sischsprachigen Dystopie im 21. Jahrhundert auf. Durch die Herausarbeitung der neuen thematischen Schwerpunkte wird nicht nur umfassend Einblick in die Gattungsentwicklung der letzten Jahre im Rahmen der frankophonen Kulturlandschaft gegeben, sondern es treten dabei sowohl die dystopischen Anliegen und Bef{\"u}rchtungen hervor, die spezifisch f{\"u}r die franz{\"o}sische Bev{\"o}lkerung sind, als auch andere, die gewissermaßen als allgemein zivilisatorisch angesehen werden k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Loeffler2023, author = {L{\"o}ffler, Katharina}, title = {Preußen und das fr{\"u}he Risorgimento. Die italienische Einigungsbewegung 1815 - 1847/48 in der Korrespondenz preußischer Politiker und Diplomaten}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11920}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {353 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Doktorarbeit untersucht anhand umfangreichen Aktenmaterials die Sicht und die politische Reaktion der Großmacht Preußen auf die Entwicklung des fr{\"u}hen Risorgimento 1815 - 1847/48 in seiner grenz{\"u}berschreitenden Bedeutung. Grundlage der Betrachtung ist die chronologische Korrespondenz zwischen dem preußischen Ministerium der ausw{\"a}rtigen Angelegenheiten in Berlin und den f{\"u}r Italien zust{\"a}ndigen preußischen Gesandtschaften in Turin, Florenz, Rom, Neapel und Wien.}, subject = {Risorgimento}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Scherling2023, author = {Scherling, Arno}, title = {Der Maler Friedrich D{\"u}rck (1809 - 1884) : Biographie, Rezeption, Malweise, Kritisches Verzeichnis der Werke}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12383}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {461 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Diese Monographie schildert die Lebensgeschichte des Malers Friedrich D{\"u}rck (1809 Leipzig - 1884 M{\"u}nchen) von seiner famili{\"a}ren Herkunft {\"u}ber seine k{\"u}nstlerische Ausbildung, sein famili{\"a}res und soziales Leben bis zu seinem Tod. Ein weiteres Kapitel tr{\"a}gt die zeitgen{\"o}ssische Rezeption seiner Werke zusammen und setzt sie in Bezug zur Portr{\"a}tmalerei des 19. Jahrhunderts. Seine Malweise und seine Sujets werden kritisch analysiert. Ein Werkverzeichnis wurde anhand von Originalen, Nachbildern und literarischen Quellen unter den Rubriken Portr{\"a}t, Genre und Landschaft erstellt. Seine Zeichnungen, Aquarelle, Wandgem{\"a}lde, Studien, {\"O}lskizzen und Drucke wurden auch auf dieser Weise erfasst. Ebenso wurden die von ihm erstellten Kopien und die nach seinen Originalen angefertigten Nachbilder kritisch verzeichnet.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Koenigbauer2023, author = {K{\"o}nigbauer, Andreas}, title = {Intermedi{\"a}re und {\"o}ffentliche Meinungsbildung - Eine kritische W{\"u}rdigung des deutschen und europ{\"a}ischen Regulierungskonzepts von NetzDG bis DSA}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12462}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {X, 208 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die Arbeit untersucht die Wechselwirkungen und Friktionen zwischen verschiedenen Regelwerken auf deutscher und europ{\"a}ischer Ebene, welche die Regulierung der Medien- und Informationsintermedi{\"a}re im Interesse der {\"o}ffentlichen Meinungsbildung bezwecken.}, language = {de} } @book{OPUS4-1400, title = {Mythenjagd : Soziologie mit Norbert Elias}, editor = {Benkel, Thorsten and Meitzler, Matthias}, publisher = {Velbr{\"u}ck Wissenschaft}, address = {Weilerswist}, isbn = {978-3-7489-1579-9}, doi = {10.5771/9783748915799}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14002}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {293 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Der vorliegende Band r{\"u}ckt verschiedene Aspekte und Diskurse rund um Elias' Schaffen in den Vor­der­grund und kontex­tua­­lisiert die generelle soziologische Relevanz seines Schaffens. Er liefert einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die ak­tuel­le Elias-Forschung und verdeutlicht den Stellenwert und die Anschlussf{\"a}higkeit des Elias'schen Werks f{\"u}r so­zialwissenschaftliche bzw. sozialtheo­re­tische Debatten, insbesondere hinsichtlich zeit­ge­n{\"o}s­si­scher ge­sellschaftlicher Ent­wick­lungen. Dabei zeigt sich: Die Wis­sen­schaft selbst, so Elias, l{\"a}uft Gefahr, sich in Mythen zu verfangen, w{\"a}hrend sie die Mythen der Wirk­lich­keit unter die Lupe nimmt. Somit ist Mythenjagd nicht nur ein Schlagwort, sondern auch eine Devise, unter die sich Elias' Gesamtwerk stellen l{\"a}sst.}, language = {de} } @article{FrankBoettgerMexisetal.2023, author = {Frank, Florian and B{\"o}ttger, Simon and Mexis, Nico and Anagnostopoulos, Nikolaos Athanasios and Mohamed, Ali and Hartmann, Martin and Kuhn, Harald and Helke, Christian and Arul, Tolga and Katzenbeisser, Stefan and Hermann, Sascha}, title = {CNT-PUFs: highly robust and heat-tolerant carbon-nanotube-based physical unclonable functions}, volume = {2023}, number = {13(22)}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/nano13222930}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14011}, pages = {24 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In this work, we explored a highly robust and unique Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) based on the stochastic assembly of single-walled Carbon NanoTubes (CNTs) integrated within a wafer-level technology. Our work demonstrated that the proposed CNT-based PUFs are exceptionally robust with an average fractional intra-device Hamming distance well below 0.01 both at room temperature and under varying temperatures in the range from 23 °C to 120 °C. We attributed the excellent heat tolerance to comparatively low activation energies of less than 40 meV extracted from an Arrhenius plot. As the number of unstable bits in the examined implementation is extremely low, our devices allow for a lightweight and simple error correction, just by selecting stable cells, thereby diminishing the need for complex error correction. Through a significant number of tests, we demonstrated the capability of novel nanomaterial devices to serve as highly efficient hardware security primitives.}, language = {en} } @book{Ruetzel2023, author = {R{\"u}tzel, Felix}, title = {Rechtsfragen algorithmischer Preisdiskriminierung. Eine rechtsgebiets{\"u}bergreifende Untersuchung}, publisher = {Mohr Siebeck}, address = {T{\"u}bingen}, isbn = {978-3-16-162034-8}, doi = {10.1628/978-3-16-162034-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12317}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XXIV, 357 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Felix R{\"u}tzel legt in seiner Untersuchung der algorithmischen Preisdiskriminierung den Fokus auf die Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen den verschiedenen Rechtsgebieten. Indem er die jeweils bestehenden rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen skizziert und aufzeigt, wo {\"A}nderungsbedarf besteht, um auf diese Preisstrategie zu reagieren, bietet die Analyse des Autors praxisnahe, interessengeleitete L{\"o}sungen, die die L{\"u}cken der aktuellen Forschung schließen.}, subject = {Deutschland}, language = {de} } @book{Huebenthal2023, author = {Huebenthal, Sandra}, title = {Memory theory in New Testament studies : exploring new perspectives}, publisher = {Brill Sch{\"o}ningh}, address = {Paderborn}, isbn = {978-3-657-79081-4}, doi = {10.30965/9783657790814}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14102}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {IX, 315 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This book collects ten of Sandra Huebenthal's most important contributions to the application of Social Memory Theory in Biblical studies. The volume consists of four parts, each devoted to a particular field of research. Part one addresses the general impact of Social Memory Theory for the New Testament. The second part analyzes how Social Memory Theory adds to exploring the phenomenon of (biblical) intertextuality as a strategy for negotiating Early Christian identity and the third part investigates how New Testament pseudepigraphy provides a different approach for understanding the negotiation and formation of Christian identities. Finally, part four provides an outlook how the hermeneutical approach can enhance Patristic research. The ten essays originate from discussions about Social Memory Theory and the New Testament at international conferences, three of them are translations of German contributions, while two are published for the first time in this volume. (Verlagsbeschreibung)}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schaich2023, author = {Schaich, Marie-Katrin}, title = {Zul{\"a}ssigkeit und Grenzen der Projektbefristung}, publisher = {Duncker \& Humblot}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-428-59003-2}, doi = {10.3790/978-3-428-59003-2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023122219103461828092}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {145 Seiten}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-1404, title = {Negotiating Chinese infrastructures of modern mobilities : insights from Southeast Asia}, number = {16(2) 2023}, editor = {Rowedder, Simon and Wilcox, Phill and Brandtst{\"a}dter, Susanne}, publisher = {SEAS - Society fo South-East Asian Studies}, address = {Wien}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14049}, pages = {175 -- 314}, year = {2023}, abstract = {From transportation to urbanization, energy and digitalization, China-backed projects of infrastructural development are increasingly common throughout Southeast Asia and the global South as both a means and outcome of development. This trend has accelerated since China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013. Against this backdrop, the present ASEAS issue invites to rethink the roles infrastructure plays in forms of development that place connectivity at the center. Contents: Simon Rowedder, Phill Wilcox \& Susanne Brandtst{\"a}dter Negotiating Chinese Infrastructures of Modern Mobilities: Insights from Southeast Asia Current Research on Southeast Asia Panitda Saiyarod The Deviated Route: Navigating the Logistical Power Landscape of the Mekong Border Trade Franziska S. Nicolaisen The Politicization of Mobility Infrastructures in Vietnam — The Hanoi Metro Project at the Nexus of Urban Development, Fragmented Mobilities, and National Security Arratee Ayuttacorn Chinese Investor Networks and the Politics of Infrastructure Projects in the Eastern Economic Corridor in Thailand Karin Dean Belt and Road Initiative in Northern Myanmar: The Local World of China's Global Investments Mira K{\"a}k{\"o}nen Entangled Enclaves: Dams, Volatile Rivers, and Chinese Infrastructural Engagement in Cambodia Research Workshop Tim Oakes Infrastructure Power, Circulation and Suspension Susanne Brandtst{\"a}dter Infrastructural Fragility, Infra-Politics and Jianghu Book Reviews Michael Kleinod-Freudenberg Book Review: Tappe, O., \& Rowedder, S. (Eds.). (2022). Extracting Development: Contested Resource Frontiers in Mainland Southeast Asia}, language = {en} } @book{Gerhold2023, author = {Gerhold, Maximilian}, title = {Anwaltliche Berufsaus{\"u}bung im Dienste des Rechtsstaats : eine grundrechtsdogmatische deutsch-franz{\"o}sische Studie}, publisher = {Mohr Siebeck}, address = {T{\"u}bingen}, isbn = {978-3-16-162296-0}, doi = {10.1628/978-3-16-162296-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12775}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XXIX, 552 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Rechtsanw{\"a}lte haben rechtsordnungs{\"u}bergreifend eine wichtige rechtsstaatliche Funktion. Doch anders als die richterliche Unabh{\"a}ngigkeit, die in den europ{\"a}ischen wie mitgliedstaatlichen Verfassungstexten ausdr{\"u}cklich erw{\"a}hnt wird, gilt dies f{\"u}r Rechtsanw{\"a}lte und die Rechtsanwaltschaft als Institution zumeist nicht. Der berufsfreiheitliche und verfassungsgerichtliche Schutz anwaltlicher Berufsaus{\"u}bung in Deutschland kennt keine Entsprechung in Frankreich, wo dieser bislang der berufsst{\"a}ndischen Selbstverwaltung {\"u}berantwortet ist. Der Autor vermisst die anwaltliche Berufsfreiheit im deutschen Verfassungsrecht neu. Diese stellt sich als dienende Freiheitsgew{\"a}hrleistung dar. Zugleich werden erstmals grundrechtliche Maßst{\"a}be f{\"u}r die Regulierung des Anwaltsberufs in Frankreich aufgezeigt. Der Grundrechtsvergleich l{\"a}sst als gemeinsame Elemente die Fremdn{\"u}tzigkeit und Normgepr{\"a}gtheit der anwaltlichen Grundrechte hervortreten. Die Arbeit ist 2023 mit dem Dissertationspreis »Prix des affaires« der Deutsch-Franz{\"o}sischen Hochschule und dem Promotionspreis des Vereins der Freunde und F{\"o}rderer der Rechtswissenschaften an der Universit{\"a}t Passau e.V. ausgezeichnet worden.}, language = {de} } @article{SteinbrinkAufenvenneHaaseetal.2023, author = {Steinbrink, Malte and Aufenvenne, Philipp and Haase, Christian and Pochadt, Max}, title = {Matilda in der Humangeographie: Gender Citation Gap und Zitierpartikularismus}, series = {GW Unterricht}, journal = {GW Unterricht}, number = {169}, publisher = {Verlag der {\"O}sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften}, doi = {10.1553/gw-unterricht169s5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12504}, pages = {5 -- 21}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Vergeschlechtlichte Ungleichheiten in der Wissenschaft sind seit langem bekannt und bestehen trotz aller Gegenmaßnahmen fort. Gender Gaps zeigen sich nicht nur in der universit{\"a}ren Personalstruktur, sondern auch in der Wissenschaftspraxis: Akademische Leistungen von Frauen erhalten oft weniger Anerkennung. Hierf{\"u}r hat sich die Bezeichnung Matilda-Effekt etabliert. Dieser Beitrag nimmt die f{\"u}r die Reputationsverteilung zentrale Praxis des Zitierens netzwerkanalytisch in den Blick und fragt, ob es in der deutschsprachigen Humangeographie einen Gender Citation Gap gibt.}, language = {de} } @article{AnagnostopoulosTeymuriSeratietal.2023, author = {Anagnostopoulos, Nikolaos Athanasios and Teymuri, Benyamin and Serati, Reza and Rasti, Mehdi}, title = {LP-MAB: Improving the Energy Efficiency of LoRaWAN Using a Reinforcement-Learning-Based Adaptive Configuration Algorithm}, series = {Sensors}, volume = {23}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {4}, editor = {Xie, Bin and Wang, Ning and Gu, Yi and Stefanidis, Angelos}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel, Switzerland}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {10.3390/s23042363}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11853}, pages = {22 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In the Internet of Things (IoT), Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) are designed to provide low energy consumption while maintaining a long communications' range for End Devices (EDs). LoRa is a communication protocol that can cover a wide range with low energy consumption. To evaluate the efficiency of the LoRa Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN), three criteria can be considered, namely, the Packet Delivery Rate (PDR), Energy Consumption (EC), and coverage area. A set of transmission parameters have to be configured to establish a communication link. These parameters can affect the data rate, noise resistance, receiver sensitivity, and EC. The Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) algorithm is a mechanism to configure the transmission parameters of EDs aiming to improve the PDR. Therefore, we introduce a new algorithm using the Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) technique, to configure the EDs' transmission parameters in a centralized manner on the Network Server (NS) side, while improving the EC, too. The performance of the proposed algorithm, the Low-Power Multi-Armed Bandit (LP-MAB), is evaluated through simulation results and is compared with other approaches in different scenarios. The simulation results indicate that the LP-MAB's EC outperforms other algorithms while maintaining a relatively high PDR in various circumstances.}, language = {en} } @article{SenglHeinke2023, author = {Sengl, Michael and Heinke, Elfi}, title = {Teaching Journalism Literacy in Schools: The Role of Media Companies as Media Educators in Germany}, series = {Media and Communication}, volume = {volume 11}, journal = {Media and Communication}, number = {issue 2}, publisher = {Cogitatio Press}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, doi = {10.17645/mac.v11i2.6389}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12499}, pages = {53 -- 63}, year = {2023}, abstract = {German journalism is facing major challenges including declining circulation, funding, trust, and political allegations of spreading disinformation. Increased media literacy in the population is one way to counter these issues and their implications. This especially applies to the sub-concept of journalism literacy, focusing on the ability to consume news critically and reflectively, thus enabling democratic participation. For media companies, promoting journalism literacy seems logical for economic and altruistic reasons. However, research on German initiatives is scarce. This article presents an explorative qualitative survey of experts from seven media companies offering journalistic media education projects in German schools, focusing on the initiatives' content, structure, and motivation. Results show that initiatives primarily aim at students and teachers, offering mostly education on journalism (e.g., teaching material) and via journalism (e.g., journalistic co-production with students). While these projects mainly provide information on the respective medium and journalistic practices, dealing with disinformation is also a central goal. Most initiatives are motivated both extrinsically (e.g., reaching new audiences) and intrinsically (e.g., democratic responsibility). Despite sometimes insufficient resources and reluctant teachers, media companies see many opportunities in their initiatives: Gaining trust and creating resilience against disinformation are just two examples within the larger goal of enabling young people to be informed and opinionated members of a democratic society.}, language = {en} } @article{Voigt2023, author = {Voigt, Brigitte}, title = {EU regulation of gene-edited plants — A reform proposal}, series = {Frontiers in Genome Editing}, volume = {5}, journal = {Frontiers in Genome Editing}, publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.}, address = {Lausanne, Switzerland}, issn = {2673-3439}, doi = {10.3389/fgeed.2023.1119442}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11849}, pages = {7 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This article presents a proposal on how the European Union's regulatory framework on genetically modified (GM) plants should be reformed in light of recent developments in genomic plant breeding techniques. The reform involves a three-tier system reflecting the genetic changes and resulting traits of GM plants. The article is intended to contribute to the ongoing debate over how best to regulate plant gene editing techniques in the EU.}, language = {en} } @article{RohlfingBethke2023, author = {Rohlfing, Ingo and Bethke, Felix}, title = {How do researchers choose their goals of inference? A survey experiment on the effects of the state of research and method preferences on the choice between research goals}, number = {Research \& Politics, 10(2)}, publisher = {Sage Publications}, doi = {10.1177/20531680231170969}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12739}, pages = {1 -- 7}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In empirical research, scholars can choose between an exploratory causes-of-effects analysis, a confirmatory effects-ofcauses approach, or a mechanism-of-effects analysis that can be either exploratory or confirmatory. Understanding the choice between the approaches is important for two reasons. First, the added value of each approach depends on how much is known about the phenomenon of interest at the time of the analysis. Second, because of the specializations of methods, there are benefits to a division of labor between researchers who have expertise in the application of a given method. In this preregistered study, we test two hypotheses that follow from these arguments. We theorize that exploratory research is chosen when little is known about a phenomenon and a confirmatory approach is taken when more knowledge is available. A complementary hypothesis is that quantitative researchers opt for confirmatory designs and qualitative researchers for exploration because of their academic socialization. We test the hypotheses with a survey experiment of more than 900 political scientists from the United States and Europe. The results indicate that the state of knowledge has a significant and sizeable effect on the choice of the approach. In contrast, the evidence about the effect of methods expertise is more ambivalent.}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-1191, title = {Jahrbuch f{\"u}r Tod und Gesellschaft 2023}, volume = {2023}, number = {Volume 2}, editor = {Benkel, Thorsten}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-7277-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023030820070298035694}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {247 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Auseinandersetzungen mit Sterben, Tod und Trauer sind gesellschaftlich von permanenter Relevanz. Theoretische Zug{\"a}nge und empirische Analysen zu diesem Themenfeld finden im Jahrbuch f{\"u}r Tod und Gesellschaft ein interdisziplin{\"a}res Forum. Neben der Vertiefung aktueller Debatten und der Besprechung von Neuerscheinungen dient das Periodikum der Weiterentwicklung der thanato(-sozio-)logischen Erkenntnis sowie der (inter-)nationalen Vernetzung. Der thematische Horizont der zweiten Ausgabe umfasst u.a. Verwitwung, Foto-Sharing am Lebensende, Death Education und visuelle Tabus in der qualitativen Forschung.}, language = {de} } @book{Barbato2023, author = {Barbato, Mariano}, title = {Regieren durch Argumentieren?}, volume = {2023}, edition = {2., aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-7489-1490-7}, doi = {10.5771/9783748914907}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12899}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {316 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Macht und Legitimit{\"a}t der europ{\"a}ischen Argumentationszusammenh{\"a}nge haben gelitten. Dennoch z{\"a}hlen Interessen und Ideen in Europa weiter nur dann, wenn sie als Argumente vorgebracht werden. Jenseits des Argumentierens ist Europa unregierbar. Zwei Fragen stehen im Zentrum des Bandes: Was meint Argumentieren? Wie lauten die Argumente Europas? Mit Aristoteles und Wittgenstein entwickelt der erste Teil eine Methode zur Narration politischer Argumentationszusammenh{\"a}nge. Der zweite Teil legt eine historische Sprachspieltopik von der Montanunion bis zum Green New Deal vor. Das Buch ist gleichermaßen interessant f{\"u}r alle mit praktischem Interesse an der EU wie f{\"u}r alle mit sprachphilosophischem Interesse an der Politikwissenschaft.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Mussotter2023, author = {Mußotter, Marlene}, title = {On nation, homeland, and democracy: Toward a novel three-factor measurement model for nationalism and patriotism}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13781}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {100, ca. 100 ungez{\"a}hlte Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The nationalism-patriotism distinction is one of the most influential distinctions in the field of political psychology. While frequently used, the distinction suffers from a number of shortcomings that have hitherto been devoted little attention to. This dissertation aims to contribute to fill this research gap by systematically addressing these pitfalls. Notably, it does not abandon the binary distinction as such, but aims to further refine it. Thoroughly revisiting the nationalism-patriotism distinction, it synthesises the field's two predominant research traditions, i.e. the work of Kosterman and Feshbach (1989) in the U.S. and the one of Blank and Schmidt (2003) in Germany, that have not been brought into dialogue. In so doing, and engaging with research on attachment, it calls for a more nuanced triad of attachments: nationalism, that revolves around the nation; patriotism, that refers to the homeland; and democratic patriotism with democracy as its object of attachment. In line with this triad, it introduces a novel three-factor measurement model that has been validated in three studies in Germany. Overall, the dissertation underlines the need to approach ambiguous and complex concepts such as nationalism and patriotism in a more theoretically consistent way before operationalizing them in a rigorous manner.}, language = {en} } @techreport{AzcuyBecquerHeinrich2023, author = {Azcuy Becquer, Claudia and Heinrich, Horst-Alfred}, title = {Data documentation on history visualisations on the covers of all issues of Der Spiegel between 1965 and 2021}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12678}, pages = {126 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {To answer the research question, all SPIEGEL covers from 1965 to 2021 were examined for a reference to history topics. The report documents the assignments of the 533 covers recorded to the categories of history narrative, politics of memory and politics of the past. Main article: https://doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2023.150107}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Klepikova2024, author = {Klepikova, Tatiana}, title = {Crossing Soviet Thresholds: Privacy, Literature, and Politics in Late Soviet Russia}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13771}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {vii, 163 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {My dissertation examines literary mythologies of privacy in the authoritarian Russia of 1953-1985. This era was marked by an expansion of "non-state spheres," or areas of life of which the Communist state increasingly released its control after Joseph Stalin's death in 1953. Political elites, architects, and designers, as well as ordinary citizens co-constructed and explored the rising spheres through the languages of their respective fields—by producing regulations and laws, designing and erecting new types of buildings, developing new and modernizing already familiar everyday objects as well as devising new ways of integrating these objects into private and public spaces. Alongside these voices, transformations in the cultural sphere in general, and literature in particular, were most vocal. The late Soviet era witnessed the dissolution of the ossified ideology of socialist realism that focused on the glorification of the "new Soviet man" and had held culture in its tight grips since the 1930s. Starting from the 1950s, writers increasingly focused on portraying areas of life that lay beyond one's public commitments and experimented with new meanings, codes, and forms to give shape to novel spheres of experience of the "late Soviet man" that can be subsumed under the concept of the "private sphere." The analytical framework of my dissertation is built around the journey to understand the mechanisms and architecture that powered the imagination of models of distancing oneself from the state and the society at large—scenarios of privacy, as we may call them today. I examine Russian prose and drama of the 1950s-1980s as a laboratory for the ideas of privacy, which was increasingly sought in the society disillusioned by the Communist doctrine and thus progressively alienating from active participation in the public sphere. I analyze the meanings that writers incorporated into new and old forms of domesticity—private flats that became progressively widespread throughout the 1950s-1980s, rooms in communal apartments, individual houses—to determine the spectrum of concepts that nurtured the idea of privacy in the late Soviet literary imagination. I also examine representations of reciprocal paradigms of relations between subjects from which the state and society at large were increasingly excluded. In the examples that I analyze, forms of private withdrawals variate from establishing control over liminal spaces or escaping into the world of feelings and emotions and building a connection to a person or space (significant for the characters for private rather than public reasons) to experimenting with language and pursuing one's idiolect despite the ubiquitous "officialese," as well as living in temporalities asynchronous with the public time. Beyond revealing the visions of different, non-state existences in the late Soviet era, my text also advocates examining the role of official literature as a platform for subversion and change that was no less important in an authoritarian state than dissident literature. I see officially published texts as a cultural subaltern who defies the state of affairs and slowly but firmly turns the "state sphere" into a public one by pushing its own agenda through publications that test and gain ground for bolder visions of Soviet life that are not predicated on the commitment to the public sphere. With individual mechanisms of power assertion employed by the state or literature in the late Soviet era well-researched, the framework is still missing that would capture the shifts of borders between the private and public spheres under the influence of these actors. In devising such framework, I build upon sociological theories of disattendability and civil inattention that Erving Goffman conceived to describe conventions of individual behavior and social interaction in public. Extending these theories toward the studies of literary politics, I argue that by envisioning scenarios of a private retreat and bringing them into officially published editions, literature normalized privacy as a late Soviet imaginary and, therefore, continuously heightened its own disattendability, thereby expanding the borders of the private sphere. On the side of the state, the border was defined by the triggers of disturbance of civil inattention: privacy was conceded in return for disattendability. Under such conditions, literature became a bizarre "private kitchen" that performed private and public functions simultaneously—similar to the kitchens in newly-built individual apartments that were popular loci of socialization in the late Soviet era. It turned into a place where one can escape—it became one of the "niches of privacy" where it was possible to discuss and negotiate the world, in which the society lived or to which it should strive. At the same time, it assumed the role of a surrogate for the public sphere within the "state" sphere by pushing its own agenda through the publication of literary texts that sought to imagine a person rather than a cog in the Communist machine and thus transformed socialist realism into a literary current "with a human face." In my research, privacy, literature, and politics are bound together to reveal a vibrant spectacle of the continuous interaction between the state, cultural elites, and the citizens, in which thresholds are erected and crossed incessantly. Fictional private sites were battlefields for the production and contestation of ideologies, and the exposure of these literary wars to the public eye played a fundamental role in shifting the borders between the private and the public spheres in an authoritarian late Soviet Russia. The patterns of relations between the state and culture that I uncover in my dissertation resonate in neo-authoritarian twenty-first-century Russia, making privacy an important lens for our insight into the role of culture in rising authoritarian and failing democratic systems across the globe.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Postel2024, author = {Postel, Lea}, title = {In Data We Trust: Three Essays on Consumers' Trust-Based Decision-Making Strategies in Privacy-Relevant Online Contexts}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14021}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XIV, 145 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Technological advancements and new legal requirements are continuously changing the online data disclosure landscape in terms of both, the quantity and quality of data that firms can acquire. Nowadays, consumers are required to disclose personal data online multiple times a day and in a variety of different contexts, such as creating user profiles, online payment or using location-based services. Despite consumers' increasing online privacy concerns, firms rely ever more strongly on consumer data that they convert into a competitive advantage through personalized product recommendations and targeted advertising. In an effort to encourage consumer data disclosure, many firms have focused on building trust as a way to counterbalance privacy concerns and mitigate risk perceptions. Correspondingly, marketing literature has continued to examine the interplay of trust and consumer privacy concerns. While the extant research has considerably advanced our understanding of the role of trust in privacy-related decision-making, the majority of studies has mainly focused on single-stage, dyadic disclosure settings and cognitive decision-making processes. Against this background, the overarching goal of this thesis is to shed light on under-researched data disclosure contexts involving trust and to explore additional facets of the underlying decision-making processes. For example, considering pre- and post-disclosure stages when evaluating consumers' data disclosure decisions allows for a more holistic picture of the decision-making process. Similarly, social media and sharing economy settings challenge the traditional assumption of purely dyadic consumer-firm data disclosure, thus extending traditional conceptualizations of trust. Across three independent essays, this thesis addresses the overarching research question of how the peculiarities of multi-stage and multi-actor settings shape consumers' trust-based decision-making strategies.}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-1405, title = {Jahrbuch f{\"u}r Tod und Gesellschaft 2024}, volume = {2024}, number = {Volume 3}, editor = {Benkel, Thorsten}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weilheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-8139-8}, doi = {10.3262/978-3-7799-8139-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14051}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {245 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Auseinandersetzungen mit Sterben, Tod und Trauer sind gesellschaftlich von permanenter Relevanz. Theoretische Zug{\"a}nge und empirische Analysen zu diesem Themenfeld finden im Jahrbuch f{\"u}r Tod und Gesellschaft ein interdisziplin{\"a}res Forum. Neben der Vertiefung aktueller Debatten und der Besprechung von Neuerscheinungen dient das Periodikum der Weiterentwicklung der thanato(-sozio-)logischen Erkenntnis sowie der (inter-)nationalen Vernetzung. Der thematische Horizont der zweiten Ausgabe umfasst u.a. Verwitwung, Foto-Sharing am Lebensende, Death Education und visuelle Tabus in der qualitativen Forschung.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Bermeitinger2024, author = {Bermeitinger, Bernhard}, title = {Investigating a Second-Order Optimization Strategy for Neural Networks}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14087}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xv, 59 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In summary, this cumulative dissertation investigates the application of the conjugate gradient method CG for the optimization of artificial neural networks (NNs) and compares this method with common first-order optimization methods, especially the stochastic gradient descent (SGD). The presented research results show that CG can effectively optimize both small and very large networks. However, the default machine precision of 32 bits can lead to problems. The best results are only achieved in 64-bits computations. The research also emphasizes the importance of the initialization of the NNs' trainable parameters and shows that an initialization using singular value decomposition (SVD) leads to drastically lower error values. Surprisingly, shallow but wide NNs, both in Transformer and CNN architectures, often perform better than their deeper counterparts. Overall, the research results recommend a re-evaluation of the previous preference for extremely deep NNs and emphasize the potential of CG as an optimization method.}, language = {en} }