@misc{BuelowKleeneStelzer2016, author = {B{\"u}low, Lars and Kleene, Andrea and Stelzer, Florian}, title = {Studierende als Lernpaten f{\"u}r Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler. Forschendes und digitales Lernen am Beispiel der Sprachdynamik im deutsch-{\"o}sterreichischen Grenzraum}, doi = {10.15475/paradigma.2016.1.12}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-4381}, pages = {19}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Der Beitrag stellt ein interdisziplin{\"a}r durchgef{\"u}hrtes Lehr-Lern-Projekt als Best-Practice-Beispiel vor. Ziel des vom Lehrinnovationspool der Universit{\"a}t Passau gef{\"o}rderten Projekts war es, Studierende der Sprachwissenschaft und Geographie sowie Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler der FOS/BOS an digitales, selbstst{\"a}ndiges und forschendes Lernen im thematischen Kontext der „Sprachdynamik im deutsch-{\"o}sterreichischen Grenzraum" heranzuf{\"u}hren. Der Aufsatz zeigt, wie Studierenden verschiedene Rollen als Lernende, Forschende und auch als Lehrende einnehmen, indem sie die Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler als Lernpaten bei der Planung, Durchf{\"u}hrung und Auswertung von gemeinsamen Forschungsvorhaben unterst{\"u}tzen. Exemplarisch wird ein Projekt f{\"u}r Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler n{\"a}her vorgestellt. Weiterhin reflektiert der Beitrag das Lehrhandeln der Dozierenden.}, subject = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, language = {de} } @misc{Fischer2016, author = {Fischer, Katharina}, title = {Phasenverbindung in der Lehrerbildung am Beispiel des Tandemseminars}, doi = {10.15475/paradigma.2016.1.10}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-4363}, pages = {16}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Aus einer Kooperation der Universit{\"a}t Passau, vertreten durch den Lehrstuhl f{\"u}r Grundschulp{\"a}dagogik und -didaktik und der Regierung von Niederbayern, konnte ein phasenverbindendes Seminarangebot entwickelt werden, um Studentinnen und Studenten des Lehramts f{\"u}r Grundschulen einen fr{\"u}hzeitigen Einblick in ihr zuk{\"u}nftiges Berufsfeld zu erm{\"o}glichen. Die Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer absolvieren darin eine Praxiswoche, in der sie mit Lehramtsanw{\"a}rterinnen und Lehramtsanw{\"a}rtern zusammenarbeiten, diese in ihrem Alltag begleiten und am Studienseminar des Vorbereitungsdienstes teilnehmen. Im Sinne einer Vernetzung aus Theorie und Praxis findet eine Begleitveranstaltung an der Universit{\"a}t statt, die sich mit verschiedenen Professions- und Unterrichtstheorien besch{\"a}ftigt. Auf Basis eines berufsbiographischen Professionsverst{\"a}ndnisses soll damit eine Br{\"u}cke zwischen den ersten beiden Ausbildungsphasen gelingen bzw. ein m{\"o}gliches Beispiel f{\"u}r eine phasenverbindende Lehrerbildung aufgezeigt werden.}, subject = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, language = {de} } @misc{Hansen2016, author = {Hansen, Christina}, title = {„... und dann habe ich dar{\"u}ber nachgedacht ..." Das „Modellcurriculum" - ein Konzept zur Reflexionsarbeit f{\"u}r Studierende im Rahmen ihrer schulpraktischen Ausbildung}, doi = {10.15475/paradigma.2016.1.5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-4313}, pages = {14}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Als wichtige Grundlage, um professionelle Kompetenz aufzubauen und weiterzuentwickeln, gilt die F{\"a}higkeit, die eigene Praxis zu reflektieren. In der Aus- und Weiterbildung von Lehrpersonen stellt sich dabei die Frage, wie in der Reflexion Praxiserfahrungen und Wissenschaftswissen ertragreich aufeinander bezogen werden k{\"o}nnen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Pilotprojekt der Universit{\"a}t Passau vorgestellt, welches im Wintersemester 2012/13 am Lehrstuhl f{\"u}r Grundschulp{\"a}dagogik implementiert wurde und Reflexionsarbeit zur Professionalisierung p{\"a}dagogischer Akteure in den Fokus nimmt. Das ′′Modellcurriculum f{\"u}r Professionalisierung im Lehrberuf′′ soll Studierende dabei unterst{\"u}tzen, komplexe professionsspezifische Kompetenzen durch die enge Verkn{\"u}pfung von spezifischen Lehrerveranstaltungen, Mentoraten und Reflexionsseminaren gezielt aufzubauen. In diesem Beitrag werden allerdings ausschließlich die theoretischen Grundlagen und strukturellen Maßnahmen f{\"u}r die Reflexionsarbeit mit Studierenden im Modellcurriculum vorgestellt, da die empirischen Ergebnisse zur wissenschaftlichen Evaluation des Konzepts im Rahmen einer Dissertationsarbeit in Vorbereitung sind (Fischer, in Druck) und daher nicht im vorliegenden Beitrags vorweg genommen werden k{\"o}nnen.}, subject = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, language = {de} } @misc{Rachbauer2016, author = {Rachbauer, Tamara}, title = {Entwicklung eines E-Portfolio-unterst{\"u}tzten Seminars zur F{\"o}rderung der Reflexionskompetenz p{\"a}dagogischer Professionals}, doi = {10.15475/paradigma.2016.1.8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-4347}, pages = {14}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Gegenw{\"a}rtig ist E-Portfolioarbeit in Bildungspl{\"a}nen, Schul- und Studienordnungen sowie in der universit{\"a}ren Aus- und Weiterbildung von Lehramtsstudierenden vorzufinden. F{\"u}r einen erfolgreichen Einsatz dieses digitalen Lerninstruments ist, unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der kontextbezogenen Rahmenbedingungen, eine sorgf{\"a}ltige Planung und Gestaltung eines geeigneten E-Portfolio-unterst{\"u}tzten Seminars, eine sachgerechte Umsetzung desselben und eine konsequente Begleitung der Lehramtsstudierenden aber auch der Dozierenden vor allem im Einf{\"u}hrungsprozess unumg{\"a}nglich. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Umsetzung eines entsprechenden Seminars am Beispiel des Lehrstuhls f{\"u}r Grundschulp{\"a}dagogik und -didaktik der Universit{\"a}t Passau vorgestellt. Nach der Darstellung der geplanten Umsetzung werden im Beitrag die zu ber{\"u}cksichtigenden Rahmenbedingungen sowie die erste Pilottestung und deren Ergebnisse n{\"a}her beschrieben.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Weinert2017, author = {Weinert, Frederik}, title = {Mit Hitler zum Medienskandal. Skandal oder Skandalisierung? Eine medien- und kommunikationslinguistische Analyse von NS-Vergleichen und Verweisen auf den Nationalsozialismus als Ausl{\"o}ser f{\"u}r {\"o}ffentliche und massenmediale Emp{\"o}rung.}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-4531}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {345 S.}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Profifußballer zeigen den Hitlergruß, extreme Fußballfans befeuern ihren Verein mit den Worten „Gas geben Sachsenhausen", Eva Herman stolpert {\"u}ber das Wort „Autobahn" und Harald Schmidt l{\"a}sst dieses Wort und seinen eigenen Wortschatz vom selbst erfundenen „Nazometer" bewerten: Anspielungen auf die Zeit des Nationalsozialismus finden sich nicht nur in der Politik, sondern in allen Bereichen der Gesellschaft. Doch handelt es sich immer um einen handfesten Skandal? Frederik Weinert ist es gelungen, die Absichten und Wirkungen von Nazi- und Hitler-Vergleichen pointiert darzustellen. Als studierter Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaftler und langj{\"a}hriger Journalist analysiert Weinert, warum Medienskandale so erfolgreich sind. Egal ob Journalisten, Rezipienten oder Politiker: In gewisser Weise profitieren sie alle davon. Doch warum werden manche Politiker sanktioniert und andere nicht? Frederik Weinert erkl{\"a}rt dies anhand einer komplexen „Skandalformel". Mit seiner Publikation betritt Weinert kommunikations- und sprachwissenschaftliches Neuland.}, subject = {Deutschland, Skandal, Beschimpfung, Verweisung, Nationalsozialismus, Berichterstattung, Massenmedien, Geschichte 1982-2015}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Wu2016, author = {Wu, Zhijun}, title = {Das Sprachsystem der Naxi}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-6510}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {viii, 135, lxxxii Seiten}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Die Naxi verwenden eine Sprache, in der Segmente und Suprasegmente in komplexer Weise in W{\"o}rtern zum Ausdruck kommen. Im Satz wird die Grammatik grunds{\"a}tzlich in analytischer Weise durch Partikeln strukturiert. Die Naxi verwenden einzigartige Zeichen, die entweder stilisierte Umrisse von der Natur (die Domba-Zeichen) oder hoch abstrakt (die Geba-Zeichen) sind, um Gegenst{\"a}nde bzw. Ausprachen zu symbolisieren.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Schubach2019, author = {Schubach, Sebastian}, title = {Caught between two stools? Four essays on value creation and value extraction on free digital platforms}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-6451}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XII, 192 Seiten}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Free digital platforms constitute one of the most important phenomena of modern times; they create value by bringing together customer groups that would not have interacted without digital technology or that could have done so only by incurring increased costs. In the free digital platform model, firms pay for the interaction with end consumers that use the digital platform for free. Extant research on two-sided markets has provided rich evidence for how digital platforms can attract enough members from both customer groups to enable the interaction between the customer groups. However, this research lacks insights into how free digital platforms can create value for their customer groups once these customer groups joined the platform, and extract this value for themselves. To address this substantial research gap, in this dissertation, I investigate the overall research question of how activities of free digital platforms affect the value creation for their customer groups and the ability of the platform to extract this value. In a first step, I examine this value creation and value extraction by focusing on concrete activities of free digital platforms. In Study 1, I investigate how offering firms the possibility of personalizing and positioning their search ads on search engines affects consumers' search engine click behavior. In Study 2, I examine how adapting ad positions to consumers' previous online shopping behavior on search engines influences consumers' click and conversion behavior. In Study 3, I investigate the impact of a review platform's policy of tagging reviews as written on either mobile or nonmobile devices on consumers' perceptions of review helpfulness. In a second step, in Study 4, I generalize these findings by investigating the overall impact of such customer-oriented activities on value creation for customer groups and on the extraction of this value by free digital platforms. These four studies yield three major findings. First, free digital platforms' activities toward one customer group always affect the value creation of the other customer group as well. Second, free digital platforms should emphasize value creation activities especially for non-paying customer groups. Third, internal, operative, and macro-environments influence the value creation and value extraction of free digital platforms. With this dissertation, I make substantial contributions to research on two-sided markets, customer orientation, search engine advertising, and online reviews. In addition, my dissertation provides numerous actionable recommendations for managers of free digital platforms and outlines promising avenues for further research.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Zhu2019, author = {Zhu, Chunjie}, title = {Understanding the Formation and Improving the Accuracy of Teacher Judgment}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-7387}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {ix, 120 Seiten}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Die Forschung zu Lehrkrafturteilen hat in den letzten drei Jahrzehnten betr{\"a}chtliche Fortschritte gemacht. Die Bedeutung des Lehrkrafturteils und die Variabilit{\"a}t in der Urteilsgenauigkeit erfordern eine eingehendere Untersuchung. Basierend auf der {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung fr{\"u}herer Studien wurde ein systematischer analytischer Rahmen vorbereitet, der aus drei Hauptstudien besteht, um das Verst{\"a}ndnis der Prozesse und Merkmale von Lehrkrafturteilen zu erweitern. In den drei vorgestellten Studien wurde insbesondere untersucht, wie Lehrkrafturteile durch verschiedene Sch{\"u}lermerkmale generiert werden, welche M{\"o}glichkeiten es gibt, die Urteilsgenauigkeit von Lehrkr{\"a}ften zu verbessern und ob die Urteilsgenauigkeit von Lehrkr{\"a}ften im Laufe der Zeit stabil bleiben kann. In der ersten Studie wurde das Linsenmodell der Theorie der sozialen Beurteilung angewendet, um die Einsch{\"a}tzungen von Lehrpersonen {\"u}ber die Leistung von Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern und ihre Strategien der Informationsverarbeitung besser zu verstehen. 260 Lehrkr{\"a}fte aus sieben chinesischen Grundschulen wurden gebeten, aus sieben Informationsquellen Sch{\"u}lermerkmale auszuw{\"a}hlen und zu bewerten, anhand derer sie die Leistungen der Sch{\"u}ler beurteilen k{\"o}nnten. Die Lehrpersonen entwickelten eine klare Hierarchie der verwendeten Datenquellen. Die besten Informationen wurden aus den F{\"a}higkeiten und Einstellungen der Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler gewonnen und die am wenigsten wichtigen Informationen aus der sozialen Interaktion mit anderen sowie aus der Sch{\"u}ler-Demografie. Um genauere Einsch{\"a}tzungen zu treffen, sollten die Lehrkr{\"a}fte {\"u}ber g{\"u}ltige Indikatoren f{\"u}r die Sch{\"u}lerleistung informiert werden. Die zweite Studie zielte darauf ab, die Urteilsgenauigkeit von Lehrkr{\"a}ften und die Leistung der Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler durch den Einsatz von Classroom-Response-Systemen („Clickern") zu f{\"o}rdern. 20 Schulklassen mit 459 Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern der sechsten Klasse und ihren Mathematiklehrkr{\"a}ften wurden f{\"u}r eine f{\"u}nfw{\"o}chige quasi-experimentelle Interventionsstudie mit einem Pre- und Post-Test in drei Gruppen eingeteilt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass beide Ziele weitgehend erreicht werden konnten. Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler der Clicker-Gruppe haben durch die Intervention mehr mathematisches Wissen erworben als Studenten der Tagebuch- und Kontrollgruppe. Die Lehrkrafturteile aller drei Gruppen wurden vom Pre- zum Post-Test genauer. Lehrpersonen, die Clicker verwendeten, beurteilten jedoch mit h{\"o}chster Genauigkeit. Clicker k{\"o}nnen als wertvolles Werkzeug zur Verbesserung der Urteilsgenauigkeit von Lehrkr{\"a}ften empfohlen werden. In der dritten Studie wurde die zeitliche Stabilit{\"a}t der Urteilsgenauigkeit der Lehrkr{\"a}fte hinsichtlich Motivation, Emotion und Leistung der Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler untersucht. Neun Klassen mit 326 Sechstkl{\"a}sslern einer chinesischen Grundschule und ihren Mathematiklehrpersonen nahmen an der Studie teil. Die Sch{\"u}ler arbeiteten an einem standardisierten Mathematik-Test und einem Selbstbeschreibungsfragebogen zu Motivation und Emotion. Die Lehrpersonen beurteilten die Motivation, Emotion und Leistung jedes einzelnen Sch{\"u}lers anhand einzelner Items. Das Lehrkrafturteil und die Eigenschaften der Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler wurden innerhalb von vier Wochen zweimal gemessen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Lehrkr{\"a}fte in der Lage waren, die Sch{\"u}lerleistungen mit hoher Genauigkeit, die Motivation der Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler mit m{\"a}ßiger bis hoher Genauigkeit und die Emotion der Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler meist mit geringer Genauigkeit zu bewerten. Die Urteilsgenauigkeit der Lehrpersonen war sehr stabil mit nur geringen Ver{\"a}nderungen an den verschiedenen Genauigkeitskomponenten. Es kann gefolgert werden, dass chinesische Grundschullehrkr{\"a}fte in der Lage sind, zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten faire Urteile {\"u}ber Sch{\"u}lerleistungen und der Motivation ihrer Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler zu treffen. Die Emotionen der Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler sind f{\"u}r Lehrpersonen jedoch schwer zu erfassen.}, subject = {Lehrer}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ParraRodriguezPosegga2018, author = {Parra Rodriguez, Juan D. and Posegga, Joachim}, title = {RAPID: Resource and API-Based Detection Against In-Browser Miners}, series = {Proceedings of the 34th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 34th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, isbn = {978-1-4503-6569-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-6550}, pages = {[14] Seiten}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Direct access to the system's resources such as the GPU, persistent storage and networking has enabled in-browser crypto-mining. Thus, there has been a massive response by rogue actors who abuse browsers for mining without the user's consent. This trend has grown steadily for the last months until this practice, i.e., CryptoJacking, has been acknowledged as the number one security threat by several antivirus companies. Considering this, and the fact that these attacks do not behave as JavaScript malware or other Web attacks, we propose and evaluate several approaches to detect in-browser mining. To this end, we collect information from the top 330.500 Alexa sites. Mainly, we used real-life browsers to visit sites while monitoring resource-related API calls and the browser's resource consumption, e.g., CPU. Our detection mechanisms are based on dynamic monitoring, so they are resistant to JavaScript obfuscation. Furthermore, our detection techniques can generalize well and classify previously unseen samples with up to 99.99\\% precision and recall for the benign class and up to 96\\% precision and recall for the mining class. These results demonstrate the applicability of detection mechanisms as a server-side approach, e.g., to support the enhancement of existing blacklists. Last but not least, we evaluated the feasibility of deploying prototypical implementations of some detection mechanisms directly on the browser. Specifically, we measured the impact of in-browser API monitoring on page-loading time and performed micro-benchmarks for the execution of some classifiers directly within the browser. In this regard, we ascertain that, even though there are engineering challenges to overcome, it is feasible and beneficial for users to bring the mining detection to the browser.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ParraRodriguezSchrecklingPosegga2017, author = {Parra Rodriguez, Juan D. and Schreckling, Daniel and Posegga, Joachim}, title = {Addressing Data-Centric Security Requirements for IoT-Based Systems}, series = {2016 International Workshop on Secure Internet of Things (SIoT)}, booktitle = {2016 International Workshop on Secure Internet of Things (SIoT)}, publisher = {IEEE Xplore}, address = {Heraklion, Greece}, isbn = {978-1-5090-5091-8}, doi = {10.1109/SIoT.2016.007}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-6546}, pages = {[10] Seiten}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Allowing users to control access to their data is paramount for the success of the Internet of Things; therefore, it is imperative to ensure it, even when data has left the users' control, e.g. shared with cloud infrastructure. Consequently, we propose several state of the art mechanisms from the security and privacy research fields to cope with this requirement. To illustrate how each mechanism can be applied, we derive a data-centric architecture providing access control and privacy guaranties for the users of IoT-based applications. Moreover, we discuss the limitations and challenges related to applying the selected mechanisms to ensure access control remotely. Also, we validate our architecture by showing how it empowers users to control access to their health data in a quantified self use case.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ParraRodriguezPosegga2018, author = {Parra Rodriguez, Juan D. and Posegga, Joachim}, title = {Local Storage on Steroids: Abusing Web Browsers for Hidden Content Storage and Distribution}, series = {International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communication Systems}, booktitle = {International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communication Systems}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-01704-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-01704-0_19}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-6572}, pages = {20 Seiten}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Analysing security assumptions taken for the WebRTC and postMessage APIs led us to find a novel attack abusing the browsers' persistent storage capabilities. The presented attack can be executed without the website's visitor knowledge, and it requires neither browser vulnerabilities nor additional software on the browser's side. To exemplify this, we study how can an attacker use browsers to create a network for persistent storage and distribution of arbitrary data. In our proof of concept, the total storage of the network, and therefore the space used within each browser, grows linearly with the number of origins delivering the malicious JavaScript code. Further, data transfers between browsers are not restricted by the Same Origin Policy, which allows for a unified cross-origin browser network, regardless of the origin from which the script executing the functionality is loaded from. In the course of our work, we assess the feasibility of a real-life deployment of the network by running experiments using Linux containers and browser automation tools. Moreover, we show how security mechanisms against third-party tracking, cross-site scripting and click-jacking can diminish the attack's impact, or even prevent it.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ParraRodriguezPosegga2017, author = {Parra Rodriguez, Juan D. and Posegga, Joachim}, title = {CSP \& Co. Can Save Us from a Rogue Cross-Origin Storage Browser Network! But for How Long?}, series = {Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Data and Application Security and Privacy}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Data and Application Security and Privacy}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, isbn = {978-1-4503-5632-9}, doi = {10.1145/3176258.3176951}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-6561}, pages = {3 Seiten}, year = {2017}, abstract = {We introduce a new browser abuse scenario where an attacker uses local storage capabilities without the website's visitor knowledge to create a network of browsers for persistent storage and distribution of arbitrary data. We describe how security-aware users can use mechanisms such as the Content Security Policy (CSP), sandboxing, and third-party tracking protection, i.e., CSP \& Company, to limit the network's effectiveness. From another point of view, we also show that the upcoming Suborigin standard can inadvertently thwart existing countermeasures, if it is adopted.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Limbrunner2023, author = {Limbrunner, Franziska}, title = {D{\"u}stere Visionen: Die Neuverhandlung westlicher Wertekonzepte in franz{\"o}sischsprachigen Dystopien des 21. Jahrhunderts}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11890}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {VI, 329 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Diese Arbeit zeigt mittels einer vergleichenden Analyse repr{\"a}sentativer Einzelwerke aus der frankophonen Romanproduktion die Kerndiskurse der franz{\"o}sischsprachigen Dystopie im 21. Jahrhundert auf. Durch die Herausarbeitung der neuen thematischen Schwerpunkte wird nicht nur umfassend Einblick in die Gattungsentwicklung der letzten Jahre im Rahmen der frankophonen Kulturlandschaft gegeben, sondern es treten dabei sowohl die dystopischen Anliegen und Bef{\"u}rchtungen hervor, die spezifisch f{\"u}r die franz{\"o}sische Bev{\"o}lkerung sind, als auch andere, die gewissermaßen als allgemein zivilisatorisch angesehen werden k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Reiter2022, author = {Reiter, Korbinian}, title = {Gleitender Verm{\"o}genserwerb im Zugewinnausgleich - Eine Fallstudie anhand von lebenslangen Leistungspflichten und Nutzungsrechten an Immobilien f{\"u}r F{\"a}lle bei Ehescheidung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11164}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XXXVI, 400 Seiten}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Bei landwirtschaftlichen Betriebs{\"u}bergaben auf die nachfolgende Generation wird der {\"u}bergebenden Partei als Gegenleistung oftmals ein lebenslanges Wohnrecht auf dem {\"u}bertragenen Hof gew{\"a}hrt. Die Modalit{\"a}ten einer derartigen landwirtschaftlichen Betriebs{\"u}bergabe werden typischerweise in notariell beurkundeten Vertr{\"a}gen geregelt. Mit Hilfe dieser Vertr{\"a}ge lassen sich bereits viele Probleme des lebenslangen Wohnrechts regeln. Aufgrund der st{\"a}ndigen Dynamik im Leben der Menschen und des lebenslangen Charakters des lebenslangen Wohnrechts ist es aber wahrscheinlich, dass immer wieder Konstellationen und Ereignisse eintreten, die nicht vertraglich geregelt wurden - vielleicht auch nicht vorhersehbar waren - und trotzdem durch das einger{\"a}umte Recht beeinflusst werden oder mit diesem in Ber{\"u}hrung kommen. Ein unvorhergesehenes Ereignis im Leben kann das Scheitern einer Beziehung zwischen zwei Personen sein. Gerade in F{\"a}llen der Ehescheidung kann - sofern auch keine weiteren ehevertraglichen Regelungen vorhanden sind - ein lebenslanges Wohnungsrecht aus einer vorhergehenden Betriebs{\"u}bergabe zu komplizierten rechtlichen Fallkonstellationen f{\"u}hren. Hat die betriebs{\"u}bernehmende Partei die mit einem lebenslangen Wohnrecht belastete Immobilie beispielsweise nach Eingehung der Ehe mit R{\"u}cksicht auf ein k{\"u}nftiges Erbrecht erworben und wird die Ehe nach der {\"U}bertragung der Immobilie geschieden, so stellt sich n{\"a}mlich die Frage, ob und inwieweit die Immobilie mit dem lebenslangen Wohnrecht im Zugewinnausgleich zu ber{\"u}cksichtigen ist. Aber nicht nur die Immobilie selbst kann hier den Zugewinn beeinflussen. Da das Wohnrecht lebenslang einger{\"a}umt wurde, stellt sich auch die Frage, ob und inwieweit das zunehmende Alter der Wohnrechtsbeg{\"u}nstigten den Wert von Wohnrecht und Immobilie beeinflusst. Eine fortlaufende altersbedingte Wertabnahme des Wohnrechts k{\"o}nnte einen Verm{\"o}genszuwachs beim geschiedenen Ehegatten hervorrufen und damit Auswirkungen auf den Zugewinn haben. Dieses Problem wird mit dem Begriff „gleitender Verm{\"o}genserwerb" umschrieben. Gerade mit dem Problem des gleitenden Verm{\"o}genserwerbs setzt sich die Dissertation auseinander und {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft die materiellen und verfahrensrechtlichen Konsequenzen einer lebenslangen Belastung an Immobilien im Zugewinnausgleich. Dabei werden auch die unterschiedlichen Arten von Nutzungsrechten und Leistungspflichten betrachtet, mit denen die Immobilie belastet ist oder die als Ausgleichsleistung f{\"u}r die Immobilien{\"u}bertragung erbracht werden. Der Umfang der Dissertation wird hierbei auf die Nutzungsrechte und Leistungspflichten mit Bezug zum Recht auf Wohnen und Lebensunterhalt begrenzt. Die Problematik des gleitenden Verm{\"o}genserwerbs wird an F{\"a}llen dargestellt, in denen die Ehe durch Ehescheidung beendet wurde.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Loeffler2023, author = {L{\"o}ffler, Katharina}, title = {Preußen und das fr{\"u}he Risorgimento. Die italienische Einigungsbewegung 1815 - 1847/48 in der Korrespondenz preußischer Politiker und Diplomaten}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11920}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {353 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Doktorarbeit untersucht anhand umfangreichen Aktenmaterials die Sicht und die politische Reaktion der Großmacht Preußen auf die Entwicklung des fr{\"u}hen Risorgimento 1815 - 1847/48 in seiner grenz{\"u}berschreitenden Bedeutung. Grundlage der Betrachtung ist die chronologische Korrespondenz zwischen dem preußischen Ministerium der ausw{\"a}rtigen Angelegenheiten in Berlin und den f{\"u}r Italien zust{\"a}ndigen preußischen Gesandtschaften in Turin, Florenz, Rom, Neapel und Wien.}, subject = {Risorgimento}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Scherling2023, author = {Scherling, Arno}, title = {Der Maler Friedrich D{\"u}rck (1809 - 1884) : Biographie, Rezeption, Malweise, Kritisches Verzeichnis der Werke}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12383}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {461 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Diese Monographie schildert die Lebensgeschichte des Malers Friedrich D{\"u}rck (1809 Leipzig - 1884 M{\"u}nchen) von seiner famili{\"a}ren Herkunft {\"u}ber seine k{\"u}nstlerische Ausbildung, sein famili{\"a}res und soziales Leben bis zu seinem Tod. Ein weiteres Kapitel tr{\"a}gt die zeitgen{\"o}ssische Rezeption seiner Werke zusammen und setzt sie in Bezug zur Portr{\"a}tmalerei des 19. Jahrhunderts. Seine Malweise und seine Sujets werden kritisch analysiert. Ein Werkverzeichnis wurde anhand von Originalen, Nachbildern und literarischen Quellen unter den Rubriken Portr{\"a}t, Genre und Landschaft erstellt. Seine Zeichnungen, Aquarelle, Wandgem{\"a}lde, Studien, {\"O}lskizzen und Drucke wurden auch auf dieser Weise erfasst. Ebenso wurden die von ihm erstellten Kopien und die nach seinen Originalen angefertigten Nachbilder kritisch verzeichnet.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Koenigbauer2023, author = {K{\"o}nigbauer, Andreas}, title = {Intermedi{\"a}re und {\"o}ffentliche Meinungsbildung - Eine kritische W{\"u}rdigung des deutschen und europ{\"a}ischen Regulierungskonzepts von NetzDG bis DSA}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12462}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {X, 208 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die Arbeit untersucht die Wechselwirkungen und Friktionen zwischen verschiedenen Regelwerken auf deutscher und europ{\"a}ischer Ebene, welche die Regulierung der Medien- und Informationsintermedi{\"a}re im Interesse der {\"o}ffentlichen Meinungsbildung bezwecken.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{McLarren2021, author = {McLarren, Katharina}, title = {Religion and International Society - Approaches to Including Religion in the International Relations Research Agenda}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12365}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {143 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Religion can unite and divide, it can lead to a strengthening or a weakening of identity and legitimacy. Religion can stoke conflicts but it can also pacify them - within societies and in international politics. Religion endures and it can exist independently of states, it can constitute them, and it can provide new forms of states, societies, and empires. Arguably, religion shapes or even constitutes the international society of states, an aspect so far neglected in the field of International Relations. The dissertation provides a new definition of religion for International Relations and the English School in particular. Based upon this understanding of religion, the five publications presented in the dissertation provide new analytical and theoretical concepts and approaches to fill the research gap. Religion is integrated into the theoretical framework of the English School in the form of a "prime institution" and with the help of the "quilt model". While the former expands the theoretical framework, the latter adds an analytical layer. Based upon this definition religion is also introduced as a concept ("hybrid actorness") in Foreign Policy Analysis, opening it up to become less state-centrist and more transnational-oriented, thereby boosting its relevance considering the evolving international (global) society. In another step, the Securitization framework of analysis is expanded to include (freedom) of religion. By revisiting the publications, the dissertation is able to identify next steps in terms of avenues of research. Finally, the dissertation reveals areas of study which contribute to increasing the pertinence of IR, particularly of the English School.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Brummer2022, author = {Brummer, Stephan}, title = {Numerisch robuste Berechnung der zirkul{\"a}ren Sichtbarkeitsmenge}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12299}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {viii, 170 Seiten}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Sichtbarkeitsprobleme, wie das Folgende, geh{\"o}ren zu den grundlegenden Problemen der algorithmischen Geometrie: Berechne zu einem einfachen Polygon, dem sogenannten Kanal, und zu einem darin enthaltenen Punkt die von diesem Punkt aus sichtbare Punktmenge. Dabei ist ein Punkt von einem anderen Punkt aus sichtbar, wenn deren Verbindungsstrecke den Kanal nicht verl{\"a}sst. Wir wollen uns in dieser Arbeit mit zirkul{\"a}rer Sichtbarkeit besch{\"a}ftigen. Zur Verbindung zweier Punkte sind dann nicht nur Strecken, sondern auch Kreisb{\"o}gen zul{\"a}ssig. Außerdem betrachten wir als Ausgangspunkt dieser sogenannten Sichtbarkeitskreisb{\"o}gen und -strecken eine Kante des Kanals anstatt eines einzelnen Punkts. Konkret liefert diese Arbeit einen Beitrag zur numerisch robusten Bestimmung der zirkul{\"a}ren Sichtbarkeitsmenge ausgehend von einer Kante des Kanals. Hierf{\"u}r wird in dieser Arbeit ein Algorithmus vorgestellt, mit dem f{\"u}r einen gegebenen Punkt festgestellt werden kann, ob dieser von der Startkante aus sichtbar ist. Im Fall eines sichtbaren Punkts wird ein Sichtbarkeitskreisbogen berechnet, der zwei Kanalber{\"u}hrungen besitzt. Damit kann der Algorithmus bei geeigneter Wahl des zu untersuchenden Punkts - der als dritte Kanalber{\"u}hrung fungiert - direkt zur Berechnung von sogenannten Grenzkreisb{\"o}gen der Sichtbarkeitsmenge benutzt werden. Diese definieren den Rand der zirkul{\"a}ren Sichtbarkeitsmenge und zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie vom Kanal dreimal abwechselnd von links und von rechts ber{\"u}hrt werden. Der beschriebene Algorithmus basiert auf der Untersuchung derjenigen Kreisb{\"o}gen, die zwar nicht notwendigerweise vollst{\"a}ndig im Kanal liegen, aber die Startkante mit dem Punkt verbinden, dessen Sichtbarkeit bestimmt werden soll. Insbesondere werden dabei die Bereiche untersucht, in denen der jeweilige Kreisbogen den Kanal verl{\"a}sst, die sogenannten Verletzungen. Da die „Schwere" einer solchen Verletzung quantifizierbar ist, wird ein iteratives Vorgehen erm{\"o}glicht. Dabei wird der Kreisbogen iterativ so ver{\"a}ndert, dass dieser bei gleichem Endpunkt den Kanal immer „weniger verl{\"a}sst". Ist der Endpunkt und damit der zu untersuchende Punkt nicht sichtbar, wird im Laufe des Algorithmus festgestellt, dass keine derartige Verbesserung m{\"o}glich ist. Der vorgestellte Algorithmus ist numerisch robust, einfach umzusetzen und besitzt eine in der Anzahl der Kanalecken lineare Laufzeit.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Luecke2020, author = {L{\"u}cke, Renate S.}, title = {Berufsbiographische Entwicklungsverl{\"a}ufe von Lehramtsstudierenden - Eine L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-7728}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xii, 324 Seiten}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In dieser L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie werden Eingangsvoraussetzungen von 214 freiwillig teilnehmenden Lehramtsstudierenden der Universit{\"a}t Passau zu Beginn des Wintersemesters 2010/2011 erfasst und auf schulart- sowie geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede untersucht. Mit psychologisch-diagnostischer Vorgehensweise werden neben kognitiven Aspekten zeitgleich motivationale, emotionale und soziale Variablen ber{\"u}cksichtigt, die f{\"u}r berufsbiographische Entwicklungsverl{\"a}ufe der Studierenden, insbesondere f{\"u}r deren Abschluss des Studiums und eine Einm{\"u}ndung in den Lehrerberuf, bedeutsam erscheinen. Nach zehn Semestern werden die berufsbiographischen Entwicklungsverl{\"a}ufe dieser Studierenden (R{\"u}cklauf ca. 86 \%) mit teilstandardisierten Telefoninterviews untersucht. Gr{\"o}ßtenteils verbleiben die Probanden im Lehramt. Die Lehramtsstudienabbrecher (18.9 \%) f{\"u}hren als Abbruchmotive meist mangelnde Studienmotivation und berufliche Neuorientierung an, selten Leistungsprobleme. Bei den Aussteigern aus dem Lehramt (28.1 \%) finden sich neben den Abbrechern diejenigen, die trotz eines abgeschlossenen Lehramtsstudiums bzw. Referendariats eine andere berufliche T{\"a}tigkeit anstreben. Zudem werden Fragen zur Studiendauer (u.a. Einhaltung der Regelstudienzeit), Finanzierung des Studiums, Zufriedenheit mit der Studien- und Berufswahl, Studien(abschluss)note, zum subjektiven Studienerfolg und zur Sicherheit in der Entscheidung f{\"u}r den Lehrerberuf nach zehn Semestern beantwortet. Analysiert wird, ob sich die beiden Gruppen („Lehrerlaufbahn" vs. „Aussteiger") bereits in den Voraussetzungen zu Studienbeginn statistisch unterscheiden. Es zeigen sich bedeutsame Unterschiede. Die beiden Gruppen unterscheiden sich vor allem in motivationalen sowie emotionalen Eingangsvoraussetzungen. Die Aussteiger aus dem Lehramt haben schlechtere Abiturnoten, sind st{\"a}rker unternehmerisch orientiert, interessieren sich weniger f{\"u}r „Verhalten kontrollieren und beurteilen", haben geringere intrinsische Berufswahlmotive, beschreiben sich als weniger vertr{\"a}glich sowie weniger selbstkontrolliert und sind sich v.a. bereits zu Studienbeginn viel unsicherer in ihrer Entscheidung, dass der Lehrerberuf das Richtige f{\"u}r sie ist. Zudem werden in dieser L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie die korrelativen Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen Eingangsvoraussetzungen und Variablen der berufsbiographischen Entwicklungsverl{\"a}ufe analysiert. Die Korrelationen erweisen sich vorwiegend als gering. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Abiturnote und Studien(abschluss)note f{\"a}llt mit r = .41 am h{\"o}chsten aus.}, subject = {Lehrerbildung}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Fisch2016, author = {Fisch, Tasja}, title = {Fremdfinanzierung, Unterkapitalisierung und internationale Konzernsteuerplanung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-7656}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xiii, 275 Seiten}, year = {2016}, abstract = {F{\"u}r grenz{\"u}berschreitend t{\"a}tige Unternehmen besteht durch das internationale Steuersatzgef{\"a}lle und die fehlende Finanzierungsneutralit{\"a}t ein Anreiz, durch konzerninterne Finanzierungsstrukturen Gewinne zu verlagern, um dadurch die Gesamtsteuerbelastung auf Konzernebene zu senken. W{\"a}hrend Unternehmen in Niedrigsteuerl{\"a}ndern vorrangig mit Eigenkapital ausgestattet werden, haben Hochsteuerl{\"a}nder mit der Problematik einer {\"u}berm{\"a}ßigen Fremdkapitalausstattung und der damit verbundenen Erosion des Steuersubstrats zu k{\"a}mpfen. Um solchen Gewinnverschiebungen entgegenzuwirken, greifen viele Staaten auf Regelungen zu einer Beschr{\"a}nkung von {\"u}berm{\"a}ßiger Fremdfinanzierung zur{\"u}ck. Insbesondere sollen mit diesen Regelungen Steuergestaltungen und Missbrauchsm{\"o}glichkeiten eingeschr{\"a}nkt und den damit verbundenen asymmetrischen Finanzierungsstrukturen entgegengewirkt werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund analysiert die vorliegende Arbeit den Einfluss von verschiedenen Zinsabzugsbeschr{\"a}nkungen auf konzerninterne Finanzierungsentscheidungen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist, grundlegende Wirkungszusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen der Vergabe von Eigen- und Fremdkapital im grenz{\"u}berschreitenden Kontext aufzuzeigen, wobei verschiedene Ans{\"a}tze zur Beschr{\"a}nkung einer {\"u}berm{\"a}ßigen Fremdfinanzierung Ber{\"u}cksichtigung finden.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Gerl2019, author = {Gerl, Armin}, title = {Modelling of a Privacy Language and Efficient Policy-based De-identification}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-7674}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xviii, 257 Seiten}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The processing of personal information is omnipresent in our data-driven society enabling personalized services, which are regulated by privacy policies. Although privacy policies are strictly defined by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), no systematic mechanism is in place to enforce them. Especially if data is merged from several sources into a data-set with different privacy policies associated, the management and compliance to all privacy requirements is challenging during the processing of the data-set. Privacy policies can vary hereby due to different policies for each source or personalization of privacy policies by individual users. Thus, the risk for negligent or malicious processing of personal data due to defiance of privacy policies exists. To tackle this challenge, a privacy-preserving framework is proposed. Within this framework privacy policies are expressed in the proposed Layered Privacy Language (LPL) which allows to specify legal privacy policies and privacy-preserving de-identification methods. The policies are enforced by a Policy-based De-identification (PD) process. The PD process enables efficient compliance to various privacy policies simultaneously while applying pseudonymization, personal privacy anonymization and privacy models for de-identification of the data-set. Thus, the privacy requirements of each individual privacy policy are enforced filling the gap between legal privacy policies and their technical enforcement.}, subject = {Datenschutz}, language = {en} } @misc{Lachmann2021, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Lachmann, Melanie}, title = {Instagram durch die Augen der Rezipierenden: Die Rolle digitaler Inszenierungen von Influencerinnen und Influencern auf Instagram f{\"u}r das Selbstkonzept von jungen Frauen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9926}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {184 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Die Masterarbeit erforscht die Rolle von Influencerinnen und Influencern auf Instagram f{\"u}r das Selbstkonzept von jungen Frauen anhand qualitativer Leitfadeninterviews und gew{\"a}hrt somit direkten Einblick in die Gedanken, Selbstwertgef{\"u}hle und Verhaltensweisen der Nutzerinnen.}, subject = {Instagram}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Niedermeier2020, author = {Niedermeier, Florian}, title = {Power-Adaptive Computing in Future Energy Networks}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9993}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xvi, 204 Seiten}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The current electricity grid is undergoing major changes. There is increasing pressure to move away from power generation from fossil fuels, both due to ecological concerns and fear of dependencies on scarce natural resources. Increasing the share of decentralized generation from renewable sources is a widely accepted way to a more sustainable power infrastructure. However, this comes at the price of new challenges: generation from solar or wind power is not controllable and only forecastable with limited accuracy. To compensate for the increasing volatility in power generation, exerting control on the demand side is a promising approach. By providing flexibility on demand side, imbalances between power generation and demand may be mitigated. This work is concerned with developing methods to provide grid support on demand side while limiting the associated costs. This is done in four major steps: first, the target power curve to follow is derived taking both goals of a grid authority and costs of the respective load into account. In the following, the special case of data centers as an instance of significant loads inside a power grid are focused on more closely. Data center services are adapted in a way such as to achieve the previously derived power curve. By means of hardware power demand models, the required adaptation of hardware utilization can be derived. The possibilities of adapting software services are investigated for the special use case of live video encoding. A method to minimize quality of experience loss while reducing power demand is presented. Finally, the possibility of applying probabilistic model checking to a continuous demand-response scenario is demonstrated.}, subject = {Energieversorgung}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Bongers2020, author = {Bongers, Franziska Maria}, title = {Three essays on digital and non-digital transformations in business-to-business markets}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9149}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XVI, 231 Seiten}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Fundamental changes in business-to-business (B2B) buying behavior confront B2B supplier firms with unprecedented challenges. On the one hand, a rising share of industrial buyers demands digitalized offerings and processes from suppliers. Consequently, suppliers are urged to implement digital transformations by expanding the range of both digital offerings and processes. On the other hand, B2B buyers increasingly expect suppliers to provide individually tailored solutions to their idiosyncratic needs. Hence, suppliers are also required to implement non-digital transformations by providing offerings and processes that are customized to each customers' specific requirements. The rise of these digital and non-digital transformations calls established knowledge into question. Thus, B2B marketing research and practice are urged to create a comprehensive understanding of digital and non-digital transformations by means of novel and empirically grounded insights and derive actionable response strategies. In respond, my dissertation addresses the overall research question of how B2B supplier firms can successfully implement both digital and non-digital transformations in three individual essays. In Essay 1, I offer a broader perspective on both digital and non-digital transformations by investigating digital service customization (i.e., the tailoring of digital B2B services to customers' individual needs). Through a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis, I outline a comprehensive set of factors that favor the application of distinct digital service customization strategies. Essay 2 represents a deep dive into digital transformations of sales processes. By making use of two rich sets of qualitative interview material from supplier and buyer firms, I identify the challenges resulting for B2B salespeople from the introduction of digital sales channels into personal selling. Moreover, I uncover facilitating mechanisms that sales managers can employ to support salespeople in coping with digital sales channels. Finally, Essay 3 constitutes a deep dive into non-digital transformations. Based on qualitative interview material and survey data from matched sales manager-salesperson dyads, the essay explores how configurations of individual salespeople's personal and procedural competencies facilitate success at selling customer solutions (i.e., highly customized, performance-oriented offerings comprising products and/or services). The essay shows that successfully selling customized offerings like solutions hinges on salespeople's unique configurations of present and absent competencies. In a nutshell, these essays provide three major insights on how B2B suppliers can successfully implement digital and non-digital transformations. First, they underscore that a comprehensive understanding of the origins and spillover effects of transformations is a key prerequisite to successfully implementing them. Second, they unveil that digital and non-digital transformations impact on multiple organizational levels. Third, they point out important resources and capabilities that help suppliers to successfully implement transformations, be they digital or non-digital. With this dissertation, I make substantial contributions to the broader literature on digital and non-digital transformations in B2B contexts. At the same time, my dissertation provides hands-on implications for managers in B2B supplier firms that are facing fundamental transformations in the marketplace—both digital and non-digital in nature.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{SalehiRizi2021, author = {Salehi Rizi, Fatemeh}, title = {Graph Representation Learning for Social Networks}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9211}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {ix, 130 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Online social networks provide a rich source of information about millions of users worldwide. However, due to sparsity and complex structure, analyzing these networks is quite challenging and expensive. Recently, graph embedding emerged to map networked data into low-dimensional representations, i.e. vector embeddings. These representations are fed into off-the-shelf machine learning algorithms to simplify and speed up graph analytic tasks. Given the immense importance of social network analysis, in this thesis, we aim to study graph embedding for social networks in three directions. Firstly, we focus on social networks at microscopic level to primarily encode the structural characteristic of users' personal networks so-called ego networks. These representations are utilized in evaluation tasks whose performance depends on relational information from direct neighbors. For example, social circle prediction and event attendance inference both need structural information from neighbors in social networks. Secondly, we explore assessing the content of vector embeddings in terms of topological properties. This could be explained via two proposed approaches: 1) a learning to rank algorithm in which the model weights reveal the importance of properties at subgraph level (ego networks), 2) a regression model for direct approximation of network statistical properties at vertex level. Thirdly, we propose extensions of graph embedding to capture sign or additional content of social networks. Users in social media often express their feelings and attitudes towards others which forms sentiment links besides social links. We design a joint objective function whose terms capture semantics of both social and sentiment links simultaneously. We also propose a multi-task learning framework for networks with attributes and labels by stacking autoencoders. The weights of the learning tasks are automatically assigned via an adaptive loss weighting layer.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Rosowski2016, author = {Rosowski, Udo}, title = {Arme sterben fr{\"u}her}, series = {Analysen zur sozialen Ungleichheit}, booktitle = {Analysen zur sozialen Ungleichheit}, publisher = {literates Verlag Druck Medien GbR}, address = {Br{\"u}ggen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9031}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {90 Seiten}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Im Rahmen einer Untersuchung des Bergarbeiterverh{\"a}ltnisse im 19. Jh. wurde festgestellt, dass der Invalidit{\"a}tseintritt in immer j{\"u}ngeren Jahren erfolgte. Auch die Sterblichkeit stieg mit den Jahren. Dies f{\"u}hrte zu der {\"U}berlegung, ob nicht nur die Arbeitsbedingungen Ursache der Fr{\"u}hinvalidit{\"a}t und h{\"o}heren Morbidit{\"a}t sind, sondern allein die Tatsache, zu einer bestimmten Bev{\"o}lkerungsschicht zu geh{\"o}ren. Da dies ex post f{\"u}r die fragliche Zeit schwer nachzuvollziehen war, wurde untersucht, ob auch in heutiger Zeit Krankheit und Morbidit{\"a}t von der gesellschaftlichen Stellung abh{\"a}ngig sein k{\"o}nnte.}, subject = {Soziale Ungleichheit}, language = {de} } @book{Rosowski2017, author = {Rosowski, Udo}, title = {Die NPD: Verfassungsfeindlich und doch legal? Kritische Anmerkungen zum NPD-Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts 2017}, publisher = {Grin Verlag}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-66842509-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9054}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {41 Seiten}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Das Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts von 2017 {\"u}ber das beantragte Verbotsverfahren der NPD hat zu einigem Unverst{\"a}ndnis gesorgt. In dem Aufsatz wird die Begr{\"u}ndung des Gerichts analysiert und mit dem damaligen KPD-Verbot verglichen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Halder2022, author = {Halder, Christoph}, title = {Private Enforcement und Datenschutzrecht}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10518}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XXV, 435 Seiten}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Das Durchsetzungssystem der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DS-GVO) regelt in den Art. 77 ff. DS-GVO nur ansatzweise die Durchsetzung der Rechte der Betroffenen durch Dritte. Die Arbeit hat sich deshalb zum Ziel gesetzt, Rechtsdurchsetzungsm{\"o}glichkeiten von Verb{\"a}nden und Mitbewerbern in Deutschland genauer zu beleuchten. Hierzu wird zun{\"a}chst der Spielraum untersucht, den die Datenschutz-Grundverordnung Dritten bei der Rechtsdurchsetzung einr{\"a}umt, also mit anderen Worten, ob deren Rechtsbehelfssystem eine Sperrwirkung f{\"u}r die Mitgliedstaaten zeitigt. Darauf aufbauend wird n{\"a}her untersucht, ob das Gesetz gegen den unlauteren Wettbewerb (UWG) und das Gesetz {\"u}ber Unterlassungsklagen bei Verbraucherrechts- und anderen Verst{\"o}ßen (UKlaG) innerhalb des ermittelten Spielraums verbleiben.}, language = {de} } @book{OPUS4-1400, title = {Mythenjagd : Soziologie mit Norbert Elias}, editor = {Benkel, Thorsten and Meitzler, Matthias}, publisher = {Velbr{\"u}ck Wissenschaft}, address = {Weilerswist}, isbn = {978-3-7489-1579-9}, doi = {10.5771/9783748915799}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14002}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {293 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Der vorliegende Band r{\"u}ckt verschiedene Aspekte und Diskurse rund um Elias' Schaffen in den Vor­der­grund und kontex­tua­­lisiert die generelle soziologische Relevanz seines Schaffens. Er liefert einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die ak­tuel­le Elias-Forschung und verdeutlicht den Stellenwert und die Anschlussf{\"a}higkeit des Elias'schen Werks f{\"u}r so­zialwissenschaftliche bzw. sozialtheo­re­tische Debatten, insbesondere hinsichtlich zeit­ge­n{\"o}s­si­scher ge­sellschaftlicher Ent­wick­lungen. Dabei zeigt sich: Die Wis­sen­schaft selbst, so Elias, l{\"a}uft Gefahr, sich in Mythen zu verfangen, w{\"a}hrend sie die Mythen der Wirk­lich­keit unter die Lupe nimmt. Somit ist Mythenjagd nicht nur ein Schlagwort, sondern auch eine Devise, unter die sich Elias' Gesamtwerk stellen l{\"a}sst.}, language = {de} } @article{FrankBoettgerMexisetal.2023, author = {Frank, Florian and B{\"o}ttger, Simon and Mexis, Nico and Anagnostopoulos, Nikolaos Athanasios and Mohamed, Ali and Hartmann, Martin and Kuhn, Harald and Helke, Christian and Arul, Tolga and Katzenbeisser, Stefan and Hermann, Sascha}, title = {CNT-PUFs: highly robust and heat-tolerant carbon-nanotube-based physical unclonable functions}, volume = {2023}, number = {13(22)}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/nano13222930}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14011}, pages = {24 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In this work, we explored a highly robust and unique Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) based on the stochastic assembly of single-walled Carbon NanoTubes (CNTs) integrated within a wafer-level technology. Our work demonstrated that the proposed CNT-based PUFs are exceptionally robust with an average fractional intra-device Hamming distance well below 0.01 both at room temperature and under varying temperatures in the range from 23 °C to 120 °C. We attributed the excellent heat tolerance to comparatively low activation energies of less than 40 meV extracted from an Arrhenius plot. As the number of unstable bits in the examined implementation is extremely low, our devices allow for a lightweight and simple error correction, just by selecting stable cells, thereby diminishing the need for complex error correction. Through a significant number of tests, we demonstrated the capability of novel nanomaterial devices to serve as highly efficient hardware security primitives.}, language = {en} } @article{HassenBenAhmed, author = {Hassen, Wiem Fekih and Ben Ahmed, Mariem}, title = {Optimization of a Redox-Flow Battery Simulation Model Based on a Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach}, series = {Batteries}, volume = {10}, journal = {Batteries}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/batteries10010008}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13994}, pages = {20 Seiten}, abstract = {Vanadium redox-flow batteries (VRFBs) have played a significant role in hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) over the last few decades owing to their unique characteristics and advantages. Hence, the accurate estimation of the VRFB model holds significant importance in large-scale storage applications, as they are indispensable for incorporating the distinctive features of energy storage systems and control algorithms within embedded energy architectures. In this work, we propose a novel approach that combines model-based and data-driven techniques to predict battery state variables, i.e., the state of charge (SoC), voltage, and current. Our proposal leverages enhanced deep reinforcement learning techniques, specifically deep q-learning (DQN), by combining q-learning with neural networks to optimize the VRFB-specific parameters, ensuring a robust fit between the real and simulated data. Our proposed method outperforms the existing approach in voltage prediction. Subsequently, we enhance the proposed approach by incorporating a second deep RL algorithm—dueling DQN—which is an improvement of DQN, resulting in a 10\% improvement in the results, especially in terms of voltage prediction. The proposed approach results in an accurate VFRB model that can be generalized to several types of redox-flow batteries.}, language = {en} } @article{RowedderWilcoxBrandtstaedter, author = {Rowedder, Simon and Wilcox, Phill and Brandtst{\"a}dter, Susanne}, title = {Negotiating Chinese Infrastructures of Modern Mobilities: Insights from Southeast Asia}, series = {Advances in Southeast Asian Studies (ASEAS)}, volume = {vol. 16}, journal = {Advances in Southeast Asian Studies (ASEAS)}, number = {no. 2}, doi = {10.14764/10.ASEAS-0103}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13973}, pages = {175 -- 188}, abstract = {Since the launch of the BRI, particular modes of movement are integral to its vision of what it means to be a modern world citizen. Nowhere is this more apparent than in Southeast Asia, where China-backed infrastructure projects expand, and at great speed. Such infrastructure projects are carriers of particular versions of modernity, promising rapid mobility to populations better connected than ever before. Yet, until now, little attention has been paid to how mobility and promises of mobility intersect with local understandings of development. In the introduction to this special issue, we argue that it is essential to think about the role infrastructure plays in forms of development that place connectivity at the center. We suggest that considering development, mobility and mo-dernity together is enlightening because it interrogates the connections between these interlocking themes. Through an introduction to five ethnographically grounded papers and two commentaries, all of which engage with infrastructures in different contexts throughout Southeast Asia, we demonstrate that there are significant gaps between of-ficial policy and lived experience. This makes the need to interrogate what infrastructure, mobilities, and global China really mean all the more pressing.}, language = {en} } @article{HassenImenAzzouz, author = {Hassen, Wiem Fekih and Imen Azzouz, Imen Azzouz}, title = {Optimization of Electric Vehicles Charging Scheduling Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Decentralized Approach}, series = {Energies}, volume = {16}, journal = {Energies}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/en16248102}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13985}, pages = {18 Seiten}, abstract = {The worldwide adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has embraced promising advancements toward a sustainable transportation system. However, the effective charging scheduling of EVs is not a trivial task due to the increase in the load demand in the Charging Stations (CSs) and the fluctuation of electricity prices. Moreover, other issues that raise concern among EV drivers are the long waiting time and the inability to charge the battery to the desired State of Charge (SOC). In order to alleviate the range of anxiety of users, we perform a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) approach that provides the optimal charging time slots for EV based on the Photovoltaic power prices, the current EV SOC, the charging connector type, and the history of load demand profiles collected in different locations. Our implemented approach maximizes the EV profit while giving a margin of liberty to the EV drivers to select the preferred CS and the best charging time (i.e., morning, afternoon, evening, or night). The results analysis proves the effectiveness of the DRL model in minimizing the charging costs of the EV up to 60\%, providing a full charging experience to the EV with a lower waiting time of less than or equal to 30 min.}, language = {en} } @techreport{MaierKleinPohletal.2020, author = {Maier, Janine and Klein, Antonia and Pohl, Carolin and F{\"a}rber, Stephanie and Dyschel, Christine and Gamerith, Werner}, title = {Abschlussbericht: B{\"u}rgerbefragung zur Innenentwicklung in den ILE Nationalparkgemeinden}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-8811}, pages = {396 Seiten}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Die Gr{\"u}nde f{\"u}r die Abwanderung aus dem l{\"a}ndlichen Raum sind ebenso wie die Folgen vielf{\"a}ltig. Um entsprechende Gegenmaßnahmen ergreifen und auf die Bed{\"u}rfnisse der Bewohnerinnen und Bewohner angemessen eingehen zu k{\"o}nnen, ist ein gemeinsamer Diskurs {\"u}ber die Zukunft l{\"a}ndlicher R{\"a}ume notwendig. Durch eine entsprechende B{\"u}rgerbeteiligung und aktive Gestaltung der Lebensverh{\"a}ltnisse kann die Lebensqualit{\"a}t erh{\"o}ht und ein Leben dort weiterhin erm{\"o}glicht werden. Damit auf die W{\"u}nsche und Bed{\"u}rfnisse der B{\"u}rgerinnen und B{\"u}rger der ILE-Nationalparkgemeinden optimal und rechtzeitig eingegangen werden kann, haben sich f{\"u}nf der sechs Gemeinden an einem Forschungsprojekt zum Thema Innenentwicklung beteiligt. Die Gemeinden Bayerisch-Eisenstein, Frauenau, Neusch{\"o}nau, Spiegelau und St. Oswald-Riedlh{\"u}tte haben dabei Unterst{\"u}tzung von der Professur f{\"u}r Regionale Geographie der Universit{\"a}t Passau und dem Amt f{\"u}r l{\"a}ndliche Entwicklung Niederbayern erhalten. Ziel des Projekts ist es, mit Hilfe einer umfangreichen B{\"u}rgerbeteiligung Handlungsempfehlungen f{\"u}r die Innenentwicklung in den Bereichen Nahversorgung, Wohnen, {\"O}ffentlicher Raum, Gesellschaftliche Teilhabe und Klimaschutz zu geben und so die Gemeinden zukunftsf{\"a}hig und altersgerecht zu gestalten.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Dengel2020, author = {Dengel, Andreas}, title = {Effects of Immersion and Presence on Learning Outcomes in Immersive Educational Virtual Environments for Computer Science Education}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-8413}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {ix, 239 Seiten}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Abstract concepts and ideas from Computer Science Education can benefit from immersive visualizations that can be provided in virtual environments. This thesis explores the effects of the key characteristics of virtual environments, immersion and presence, on learning outcomes in Educational Virtual Environments for learning Computer Science. Immersion is a quantifiable description of the technology to immerse the user into the virtual environment; presence describes the subjective feeling of 'being there'. While technological immersion can be seen as a strong predictor for presence, motivational traits, cognition, and the emotional state of the user also influence presence. A possible localization of these technological and person-specific variables in Helmke's pedagogical supply-use framework is introduced as the Educational Framework for Immersive Learning (EFiL). Presence is emphasized as a central criterion influencing immersive learning processes. The EFiL provides an educational understanding of immersive learning as learning activities initiated by a mediated or medially enriched environment that evokes a sense of presence. The idea of Computer Science Unplugged is pursued by using Virtual Reality technology in order to provide interactive virtual learning experiences that can be accurately displayed, schematizing, substantiating, or metaphorical. For exploring the effects of virtual environment characteristics on learning, the idea of Computer Science Replugged focuses 'hands-on' activities and combines them with immersive technology. By providing a perception of non-mediation, Computer Science Replugged might enable experiences that can contribute additional possibilities to the real activity or enable new activities for teaching Computer Science. Three game-based Educational Virtual Environments were developed as treatments: 'Bill's Computer Workshop' introduces the components of a computer; 'Fluxi's Cryptic Potions' uses a metaphor to teach asymmetric encryption; 'Pengu's Treasure Hunt' is an immersive visualization of finite state machines. A first study with 23 middle school students was conducted to test the instruments in terms of selectivity, the devices' induced levels of presence, and adequacy of the selected learning objectives. The second study with 78 middle school students playing the environments on different devices (laptop, Mobile Virtual Reality, or head-mounted-display) assessed motivational, cognitive, and emotional factors, as well as presence and learning outcomes. An overall analysis showed that pre-test performance, presence, and the previous scholastic performance in Maths and German predict the learning outcomes in the virtual environments. Presence could be predicted by the student's positive emotions and by the technological immersion. The level of immersion had no significant effect on learning outcomes. While a good-fitting path analysis model indicated that the assumed relations deriving from the EFiL are largely correct for 'Bill's Computer Workshop' and 'Fluxi's Cryptic Potions', not all results of the overall path analysis were significant for the analyses of the particular environments. Presence seems to have a small effect on learning outcomes while being influenced by technological and emotional factors. Even though the level of immersion can be used to predict the level of presence, it is not an appropriate predictor for learning outcomes. For future studies, the questionnaires have to be revised as some of them suffered from poor scale reliabilities. While the second study could provide indications that the localization of presence and immersion in an existing educational supply-use framework seems to be appropriate, many factors had to be blanked out. The thesis contributes to existing research as it adds factors that are crucial for learning processes to the discussion on immersive learning from an educational perspective and assesses these factors in hands-on activities in Educational Virtual Environments for Computer Science Education.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Calmels2020, author = {Calmels, Dorothea}, title = {Job Sequencing and Tool Switching Problems with a Generalisation to Non-Identical Parallel Machines}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-8436}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {v, 103, lxxiv Seiten}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Manufacturing tools have been dominating the manufacturing process since the 1960s. The job sequencing and tool switching problem is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization that has first been introduced in the context of flexible manufacturing systems in the late 1980s. Since then, production systems have undisputedly changed and improved but manufacturing tools still dominate manufacturing processes. Production and system operation processes are continuously adjusted and optimised to changing customer requirements. If the product variety requires an increasing number of tools for processing that exceeds the local tool magazine capacity of the manufacturing system, tool switches become necessary. Although tool changing times within a manufacturing centre or cell may nowadays be very small due to the high degree of automation, tool switching within a dynamic production environment is still a time consuming process that must be avoided. In order to minimize the total tool setup time to enhance productivity, the objectives of the basic job sequencing and tool switching problem are to sequence a set of jobs and simultaneously to determine the best tool loading. Therefore, job sequencing and tool switching problems are gaining considerable attention. Several solution approaches to the standard problem and related versions of the problem exist. The first part of this dissertation assesses the current state-of-the-art of the job sequencing and tool switching problem and provides a classification scheme for literature on the job sequencing and tool switching problem and its variations. Only few authors consider generalisations of the problem because the level of complexity of extended problems is high. A general approach of the job sequencing and tool switching problem with non-identical parallel machines and sequence-dependent setup times is described in this dissertation. A novel mathematical model based on time periods is presented and analysed which can be adapted to different objective functions. The last part of this dissertation is a quantitative evaluation of fast and effective construction heuristics as well as of an iterated local search algorithm tested on a new set of benchmark instances. As such this dissertation provides a broad basis for future evaluations of solution approaches to the job sequencing and tool switching problem with non-identical parallel machines and sequence-dependent setup times as well as a basis for further generalisations of the problem like for example tool availability constraints or tool-size dependent variations.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schloetterer2020, author = {Schl{\"o}tterer, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Supporting the Discovery of Long-Tail Resources on the Web}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-8539}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xi, 218 Seiten}, year = {2020}, abstract = {A plethora of resources made available via retrieval systems in digital libraries remains untapped in the so called long tail of the Web. These long-tail websites get considerably less visits than major Web hubs. Zero-effort queries ease the discovery of long-tail resources by proactively retrieving and presenting information based on a user's context. However, zero-effort queries over existing digital library structures are challenging, since the underlying retrieval system is only accessible via an API. The information need must be expressed by a query, instead of optimizing the ranking between context and resources in the retrieval system directly. We address three research questions that arise from replacing the user information seeking process by zero-effort queries. Our first question addresses the transformation of a user query to an automatic query, derived from the context. We present means to 1) identify the relevant context on different levels of granularity, 2) derive an information need from the context via keyword extraction and personalization and 3) express this information need in a query scheme that avoids over- or under-specified queries. We address the cold start problem with an approach to bootstrap user profiles from social media, even for passive users. With the second question, we address the presentation of resources in zero-effort query scenarios, presenting guidelines for presentation interfaces in the browser and a visualization of the triadic relationship between context, query and results. QueryCrumbs, a compact query history visualization supports recalling information found in the past and exploratory search by visualizing qualitative and quantitative query similarity. Our last question addresses the gap between (simple) keyword queries and the representation of resources by rich and complex meta-data. We investigate and extend feature representation learning techniques centered around the skip-gram model with negative sampling. Finally, we present an approach to learn representations from network and text jointly that can cope with the partial absence of one modality. Experimental results show close to human performance of our zero-effort query and user profile generation approach and visualizations to be helpful in terms of transparency, efficiency and support for exploratory search. These results indicate that the proposed zero-effort query approach indeed eases the discovery of long-tail resources and the accompanying visualizations further facilitate this process. The joint representation model provides a first step to bridge the gap between query and resource representation and we plan to follow and investigate this route further in the future.}, subject = {Data Sience}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ganser2019, author = {Ganser, Stefan}, title = {Iterative Schedule Optimization for Parallelization in the Polyhedron Model}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-7936}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xvii, 176 Seiten}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In high-performance computing, one primary objective is to exploit the performance that the given target hardware can deliver to the fullest. Compilers that have the ability to automatically optimize programs for a specific target hardware can be highly useful in this context. Iterative (or search-based) compilation requires little or no prior knowledge and can adapt more easily to concrete programs and target hardware than static cost models and heuristics. Thereby, iterative compilation helps in situations in which static heuristics do not reflect the combination of input program and target hardware well. Moreover, iterative compilation may enable the derivation of more accurate cost models and heuristics for optimizing compilers. In this context, the polyhedron model is of help as it provides not only a mathematical representation of programs but, more importantly, a uniform representation of complex sequences of program transformations by schedule functions. The latter facilitates the systematic exploration of the set of legal transformations of a given program. Early approaches to purely iterative schedule optimization in the polyhedron model do not limit their search to schedules that preserve program semantics and, thereby, suffer from the need to explore numbers of illegal schedules. More recent research ensures the legality of program transformations but presumes a sequential rather than a parallel execution of the transformed program. Other approaches do not perform a purely iterative optimization. We propose an approach to iterative schedule optimization for parallelization and tiling in the polyhedron model. Our approach targets loop programs that profit from data locality optimization and coarse-grained loop parallelization. The schedule search space can be explored either randomly or by means of a genetic algorithm. To determine a schedule's profitability, we rely primarily on measuring the transformed code's execution time. While benchmarking is accurate, it increases the time and resource consumption of program optimization tremendously and can even make it impractical. We address this limitation by proposing to learn surrogate models from schedules generated and evaluated in previous runs of the iterative optimization and to replace benchmarking by performance prediction to the extent possible. Our evaluation on the PolyBench 4.1 benchmark set reveals that, in a given setting, iterative schedule optimization yields significantly higher speedups in the execution of the program to be optimized. Surrogate performance models learned from training data that was generated during previous iterative optimizations can reduce the benchmarking effort without strongly impairing the optimization result. A prerequisite for this approach is a sufficient similarity between the training programs and the program to be optimized.}, subject = {Parallelrechner}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kasinathan2021, author = {Kasinathan, Prabhakaran}, title = {Workflow-aware access control for the Internet of Things}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-8915}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xxiii, 214 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {IoT is defined as a paradigm where "things" have sensing, actuating, communicating, and self-configuring abilities, and are connected to each other and to the Internet. Recent advancements in the manufacturing industry have helped to produce embedded devices with various sensors and actuators in mass numbers at a reduced cost. As part of the IoT revolution, everyday devices such as television, refrigerator, cars, even industrial machines are now connected IoT devices. Recent studies have predicted that by 2025 there will be over 75 billion of such IoT devices connected to the Internet. The providers of IoT based services want to integrate their services to satisfy customer requirements. For example, in the mobility scenario, different mobility solution providers want to offer a multi-modal ticket to their customers jointly. In such a distributed and loosely coupled environment, each owner and stakeholder wants to secure his/her own integrity, confidentiality, and functionality goals. This means that distributed rules and conditions defined by the individual owners must be enforced on the participating entities (e.g., customers or partners using their services). The owners and stakeholders may not necessarily trust each other's actions. Therefore, a mechanism is required that guarantees the rules and conditions specified by the different owners. Attacks on IoT devices and similar computing systems are increasing and getting more advanced. IoT devices are often constrained, i.e., they have limited processing power, memory, and energy. Security mechanisms designed for traditional computing systems, e.g., computers, servers, or mobile computing devices such as smartphones, may not fit in those constrained IoT devices. Weak security mechanisms and unenforced security measures were one of the main reasons for recent successful attacks on IoT devices and services. As IoT is now used in many sensitive places, including critical infrastructures, securing them becomes more critical than ever. This thesis focuses on developing mechanisms that secure IoT devices and services and enforcing the rules and conditions specified by the owners on entities that want to access owners' resources. In classical computer systems, security automata are used for specifying security policies and monitoring mechanisms are used for enforcing such policies. For instance, a reference monitor observes and stops the execution when the security policies are about to be violated, thus, the security policies are enforced. To restrict the adversary from using protected IoT devices or services for malicious purposes, it is required to ensure that a workflow must be followed to access the protected resource. In distributed IoT systems where the policies are governed by different owners, each owner would like to specify their rules and conditions in their workflows. The workflows contain tasks that must be performed in a particular order. The goal of this thesis is to develop mechanisms to specify and enforce these workflows in the distributed IoT environment. This thesis introduces a distributed WFAC framework that restricts the entities to do only what they are allowed to do in a collaborative environment. To gain access to a service protected by the WFAC framework, every workflow participant must prove that he/she is in a particular state of an authorized workflow. Authorized means two things: (a) the owner has authorized the workflow to be executed; (b) the workflow participant is authorized to execute it. This restricts the adversary's access to the devices and its services. The security policies defined by different owners are modeled as workflows and specified using Petri Nets. The policies are then enforced with the help of the WFAC framework which supports error-handling, accountability, integration of practitioner-friendly tools, and interoperability with existing security mechanisms such as OAuth. Thus, the WFAC guarantees the integrity of workflows in a distributed environment.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kim2021, author = {Kim, Dohwan}, title = {Die außerordentliche K{\"u}ndigung wegen Verm{\"o}gensdelikten - unter besonderer Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Entwendung von Gegenst{\"a}nden von geringf{\"u}gigem Wert}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-8844}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {VIII, 145 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {\S 626 Abs. 1 BGB verlangt zwei Voraussetzungen f{\"u}r die außerordentliche K{\"u}ndigung: die Eignung des Sachverhaltes als wichtigen Grund und die umfassende Interessenabw{\"a}gung im Einzelfall. Die Verletzung der Nebenleistungspflicht im Arbeitsverh{\"a}ltnis ist je nach ihrer Bedeutung und Qualit{\"a}t als wichtiger Grund nach \S 626 Abs. 1 BGB anzusehen. Das Verm{\"o}gensdelikt ist eine Verletzung der Nebenleistungspflicht. Somit ist das Verm{\"o}gensdelikt an sich nach seiner Bedeutung und Qualit{\"a}t im Einzelfall auch als wichtiger Grund zur außerordentlichen K{\"u}ndigung anzusehen.Im Rahmen der Interessenabw{\"a}gung in \S 626 Abs. 1 BGB ergibt sich, ab welchem Grad des Vertrauensverlusts eine fristlose K{\"u}ndigung gerechtfertigt wird. Die H{\"o}he des Schadens wird bei dem Vertrauensverlust zur fristlosen K{\"u}ndigung ber{\"u}cksichtigt. Die Analyse der Rechtsprechung des BAG hat gezeigt, dass nur manche Entscheidungen nach dem Fall "Emmely" die Dauer der Betriebszugeh{\"o}rigkeit als Kriterium in der Interessenabw{\"a}gung in \S 626 Abs. 1 BGB ber{\"u}cksichtigen. Aber in den meisten F{\"a}llen ist das BAG von seiner bisherigen Rechtsprechung abger{\"u}ckt: Die fristlose K{\"u}ndigung war weiterhin bei Verm{\"o}gensdelikten wirksam, ohne die Interessen angemessen gegeneinander abzuw{\"a}gen und ohne mildere Mittel zu ber{\"u}cksichtigen. Das BAG sollte aus diesen Gr{\"u}nden seine Auffassung dahingehend revidieren, die Kriterien der Interessen gezielt auszuw{\"a}hlen und gegeneinander abzuw{\"a}gen.}, language = {de} } @book{Rosowski2018, author = {Rosowski, Udo}, title = {Die Bergrechtsreformen Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts in Preußen und der Paradigmenwechsel im staatlichen Arbeitsschutz von Nordrhein-Westfalen nach 1994 im Kontext von Staats- und Verwaltungsmodernisierung}, publisher = {literates Verlag}, address = {Br{\"u}ggen}, isbn = {978-3-943360-51-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-8979}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {143 Seiten}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Die Bergrechtsreformen Mitte des 19. Jh. in Preußen hatten weitreichende Auswirkungen auf die Bergarbeiterschaft. In Nordrhein-Westfalen wurde 1994 mit dem Wechsel von der Gewerbeaufsicht zur Arbeitsschutzverwaltung ein {\"a}hnlicher Paradigmenwechsel vollzogen. Die Abhandlung untersucht und vergleicht die Auswirkungen dieser Rechts{\"a}nderungen.}, language = {de} } @book{Rosowski2016, author = {Rosowski, Udo}, title = {Habsburg versus Preußen}, publisher = {literates Verlag}, isbn = {9783668247635}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-8946}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {35 Seiten}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Zweck dieser Arbeit ist es, n{\"a}her auf das Verh{\"a}ltnis der beiden großen Staaten {\"O}sterreich und Preußen in 'Deutschland' gerade auch hinsichtlich der pers{\"o}nlichen Animosit{\"a}ten der handelnden Akteure einzugehen und daraus abzuleiten, warum unterschiedliche Ansichten, Erwartungen, Mentalit{\"a}ten und Vorurteile, gepaart mit dem jeweiligen Bestreben von Habsburg und Preußen, eine Dominanz unter den deutschen Staaten zu erreichen bzw. die Vorherrschaft des anderen Staates zu verhindern, nicht dazu f{\"u}hren konnten, ein gemeinsames deutsches Reich in Mitteleuropa zu errichten. Die Darstellung des politischen Geschehens wurde daher auf die zentralen Ereignisse reduziert, da die geschichtlichen Abl{\"a}ufe bereits in zahlreichen anderen Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen ersch{\"o}pfend ausgearbeitet wurden. Diese grundlegende Ausarbeitung ist eingebettet in eine umfangreichere Arbeit, die den Vergleich zwischen Preußen und {\"O}sterreich in der Entwicklung des Bergwesens und der teilweise unterschiedlichen Ausgestaltung des Bergrechts zum Inhalt hat.}, subject = {Deutscher Krieg <1866>}, language = {de} } @book{Rosowski2021, author = {Rosowski, Udo}, title = {{\"U}ber das beabsichtigte Ausscheiden der H{\"u}ttenwerke aus dem Bergrecht durch das Allgemeine {\"o}sterreichische Berggesetz vom 23. Mai 1854.}, publisher = {literates Verlag Druck Medien GbR}, address = {Br{\"u}ggen}, isbn = {978374943360660}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9011}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {48 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Mit der Bergrechtsrevision in {\"O}sterreich in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts war zun{\"a}chst beabsichtigt, das H{\"u}ttenwesen aus dem Bergrecht zu entfernen und dem allgemeinen Gewerberecht zuzuordnen. Hiergegen erhob sich heftiger Widerstand der Berg- und H{\"u}ttenwerksbesitzer. Die Abhandlung stellt den Verlauf bis zum Erlass des Berggesetzes dar.}, subject = {Bergrecht}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Tueno2020, author = {Tueno, Anselme}, title = {Multiparty Protocols for Tree Classifiers}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-8251}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xvii, 171 Seiten}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Cryptography is the scientific study of techniques for securing information and communication against adversaries. It is about designing and analyzing encryption schemes and protocols that protect data from unauthorized reading. However, in our modern information-driven society with highly complex and interconnected information systems, encryption alone is no longer enough as it makes the data unintelligible, preventing any meaningful computation without decryption. On the one hand, data owners want to maintain control over their sensitive data. On the other hand, there is a high business incentive for collaborating with an untrusted external party. Modern cryptography encompasses different techniques, such as secure multiparty computation, homomorphic encryption or order-preserving encryption, that enable cloud users to encrypt their data before outsourcing it to the cloud while still being able to process and search on the outsourced and encrypted data without decrypting it. In this thesis, we rely on these cryptographic techniques for computing on encrypted data to propose efficient multiparty protocols for order-preserving encryption, decision tree evaluation and kth-ranked element computation. We start with Order-preserving encryption (OPE) which allows encrypting data, while still enabling efficient range queries on the encrypted data. However, OPE is symmetric limiting, the use case to one client and one server. Imagine a scenario where a Data Owner (DO) outsources encrypted data to the Cloud Service Provider (CSP) and a Data Analyst (DA) wants to execute private range queries on this data. Then either the DO must reveal its encryption key or the DA must reveal the private queries. We overcome this limitation by allowing the equivalent of a public-key OPE. Decision trees are common and very popular classifiers because they are explainable. The problem of evaluating a private decision tree on private data consists of a server holding a private decision tree and a client holding a private attribute vector. The goal is to classify the client's input using the server's model such that the client learns only the result of the classification, and the server learns nothing. In a first approach, we represent the tree as an array and execute only d interactive comparisons (instead of 2 d as in existing solutions), where d denotes the depth of the tree. In a second approach, we delegate the complete tree evaluation to the server using somewhat or fully homomorphic encryption where the ciphertexts are encrypted under the client's public key. A generalization of a decision tree is a random forest that consists of many decision trees. A classification with a random forest evaluates each decision tree in the forest and outputs the classification label which occurs most often. Hence, the classification labels are ranked by their number of occurrences and the final result is the best ranked one. The best ranked element is a special case of the kth-ranked element. In this thesis, we consider the secure computation of the kth-ranked element in a distributed setting with applications in benchmarking and auctions. We propose different approaches for privately computing the kth-ranked element in a star network, using either garbled circuits or threshold homomorphic encryption.}, subject = {Mathematik}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schmid2020, author = {Schmid, Angelika}, title = {Geographic and Social Space in Latent Factor Models - Four Essays}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-7947}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XLVI, 187 Seiten}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Geography, social context, time, and cultural mindset are four (out of many) cornerstones of human interaction. When building statistical models, their consideration is vital: They all cause dependency between individual observations, violating assumptions of independence and exchangeability. While this can be problematic and inhibit the unbiased inference of parameters, it can also be a fruitful source of insights and enhance prediction performance. One class of models that serves to manage or profit from the presence of dependence is the class of latent variable models. This class of models assumes that the presence of non-explicit, unobserved causes of continuous or discrete nature can explain the observed correlations. Latent variable models explicitly take account of dependency, for example, by modeling an unobserved local source of pollution as a continuous spatial variable. Through their widespread use for information fitering, link prediction, and statistical inference, latent variable models have developed an essential impact on our daily life and the way we consume information. The four articles in this thesis shed light on assumptions, usage, and potential drawbacks of latent variable models in various contexts that involve geographic and interaction data. We model unobserved sources of pollution in geophysical data, explore individual taste and mindsets in cross-cultural contexts, and predict the evolution of social relationships in software development projects. This combination of various perspectives contributes to the interdisciplinary exchange of methodological knowledge on the modeling of dependent data.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{ParraRodriguez2019, author = {Parra Rodriguez, Juan David}, title = {Computational Resource Abuse in Web Applications}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-7706}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xi, 158 Seiten}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Internet browsers include Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to support Web applications that require complex functionality, e.g., to let end users watch videos, make phone calls, and play video games. Meanwhile, many Web applications employ the browser APIs to rely on the user's hardware to execute intensive computation, access the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), use persistent storage, and establish network connections. However, providing access to the system's computational resources, i.e., processing, storage, and networking, through the browser creates an opportunity for attackers to abuse resources. Principally, the problem occurs when an attacker compromises a Web site and includes malicious code to abuse its visitor's computational resources. For example, an attacker can abuse the user's system networking capabilities to perform a Denial of Service (DoS) attack against third parties. What is more, computational resource abuse has not received widespread attention from the Web security community because most of the current specifications are focused on content and session properties such as isolation, confidentiality, and integrity. Our primary goal is to study computational resource abuse and to advance the state of the art by providing a general attacker model, multiple case studies, a thorough analysis of available security mechanisms, and a new detection mechanism. To this end, we implemented and evaluated three scenarios where attackers use multiple browser APIs to abuse networking, local storage, and computation. Further, depending on the scenario, an attacker can use browsers to perform Denial of Service against third-party Web sites, create a network of browsers to store and distribute arbitrary data, or use browsers to establish anonymous connections similarly to The Onion Router (Tor). Our analysis also includes a real-life resource abuse case found in the wild, i.e., CryptoJacking, where thousands of Web sites forced their visitors to perform crypto-currency mining without their consent. In the general case, attacks presented in this thesis share the attacker model and two key characteristics: 1) the browser's end user remains oblivious to the attack, and 2) an attacker has to invest little resources in comparison to the resources he obtains. In addition to the attack's analysis, we present how existing, and upcoming, security enforcement mechanisms from Web security can hinder an attacker and their drawbacks. Moreover, we propose a novel detection approach based on browser API usage patterns. Finally, we evaluate the accuracy of our detection model, after training it with the real-life crypto-mining scenario, through a large scale analysis of the most popular Web sites.}, subject = {Computersicherheit}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Jurgovsky2019, author = {Jurgovsky, Johannes}, title = {Context-Aware Credit Card Fraud Detection}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-7622}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xvii, 160 Seiten}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Credit card fraud has emerged as major problem in the electronic payment sector. In this thesis, we study data-driven fraud detection and address several of its intricate challenges by means of machine learning methods with the goal to identify fraudulent transactions that have been issued illegitimately on behalf of the rightful card owner. In particular, we explore several means to leverage contextual information beyond a transaction's basic attributes on the transaction level, sequence level and user level. On the transaction level, we aim to identify fraudulent transactions which, in terms of their attribute values, are globally distinguishable from genuine transactions. We provide an empirical study of the influence of class imbalance and forecasting horizons on the classification performance of a random forest classifier. We augment transactions with additional features extracted from external knowledge sources and show that external information about countries and calendar events improves classification performance most noticeably on card-not-present transactions. On the sequence level, we aim to detect frauds that are inconspicuous in the background of all transactions but peculiar with respect to the short-term sequence they appear in. We use a Long Short-term Memory network (LSTM) for modeling the sequential succession of transactions. Our results suggest that LSTM-based modeling is a promising strategy for characterizing sequences of card-present transactions but it is not adequate for card-not-present transactions. On the user level, we elaborate on feature aggregations and propose a flexible concept allowing us define numerous features by means of a simple syntax. We provide a CUDA-based implementation for the computationally expensive extraction with a speed-up of two orders of magnitude over a single-core implementation. Our feature selection study reveals that aggregates extracted from users' transaction sequences are more useful than those extracted from merchant sequences. Moreover, we discover multiple sets of candidate features with equivalent performance as manually engineered aggregates while being structurally different. Regarding future work, we motivate the usage of simple and transparent machine learning methods for credit card fraud detection and we sketch a simple user-focused modeling approach.}, subject = {Kreditkartenmissbrauch}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Taubmann2020, author = {Taubmann, Benjamin}, title = {Improving Digital Forensics and Incident Analysis in Production Environments by Using Virtual Machine Introspection}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-8319}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {ix, 153 Seiten}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Main memory forensics and its special form, virtual machine introspection (VMI), are powerful tools for digital forensics and can be used to improve the security of computer-based systems. However, their use in production systems is often not possible. This work identifies the causes and offers practical solutions to apply these techniques in cloud computing and on mobile devices to improve digital forensics and incident analysis. Four key challenges must be tackled. The first challenge is that many existing solutions are not reproducible, for example, because the corresponding software components are not available, obsolete or incompatible. The use of these tools is also often complex and can lead to a crash of the system to be monitored in case of incorrect use. To solve this problem, this thesis describes the design and implementation of Libvmtrace, which is a framework for the introspection of Linux-based virtual machines. The focus of the developed design is to implement frequently used methods in encapsulated modules so that they are easy for developers to use, optimize and test. The second challenge is that many production systems do not provide an interface for main memory forensics and virtual machine introspection. To address this problem, this thesis describes possible solutions for how such an interface can be implemented on mobile devices and in cloud environments designed to protect main memory from unprivileged access. We discuss how cold boot attacks, the ARM TrustZone and the hypervisor of cloud servers can be used to acquire data from storage. The third challenge is how to reconstruct information from main memory efficiently. This thesis describes how these questions can be solved by employing two practical examples. The first example involves extracting the keys of encrypted TLS connections from the main memory of applications to decrypt network traffic without affecting the performance of the monitored application. The TLSKex and DroidKex architecture describe two approaches to localize the keys efficiently with the help of semantic knowledge in the main memory of applications. The second example discusses how to monitor and document SSH sessions of potential attackers from outside of a virtual machine. It is important that the monitoring routines are not noticed by an attacker. To achieve this, we evaluate how to optimize the performance of the monitoring mechanism. The fourth challenge is how to deal with the performance degradation caused by introspection in productive systems. This thesis discusses how this can be achieved using the example of a SIEM system. To reduce the performance overhead, we describe how to configure the monitoring routine to collect only the information needed to detect incidents. Also, we describe two approaches that permit the monitoring routine to be dynamically adjusted at runtime to extract more information if necessary so that incidents can be better analyzed.}, subject = {Computerforensik}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Horaček2020, author = {Hor{\´a}ček, Jan}, title = {Algebraic and Logic Solving Methods for Cryptanalysis}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-7731}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {v, 154 Seiten}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Algebraic solving of polynomial systems and satisfiability of propositional logic formulas are not two completely separate research areas, as it may appear at first sight. In fact, many problems coming from cryptanalysis, such as algebraic fault attacks, can be rephrased as solving a set of Boolean polynomials or as deciding the satisfiability of a propositional logic formula. Thus one can analyze the security of cryptosystems by applying standard solving methods from computer algebra and SAT solving. This doctoral thesis is dedicated to studying solvers that are based on logic and algebra separately as well as integrating them into one such that the combined solvers become more powerful tools for cryptanalysis. This disseration is divided into three parts. In this first part, we recall some theory and basic techniques for algebraic and logic solving. We focus mainly on DPLL-based SAT solving and techniques that are related to border bases and Gr{\"o}bner bases. In particular, we describe in detail the Border Basis Algorithm and discuss its specialized version for Boolean polynomials called the Boolean Border Basis Algorithm. In the second part of the thesis, we deal with connecting solvers based on algebra and logic. The ultimate goal is to combine the strength of different solvers into one. Namely, we fuse the XOR reasoning from algebraic solvers with the light, efficient design of SAT solvers. As a first step in this direction, we design various conversions from sets of clauses to sets of Boolean polynomials, and vice versa, such that solutions and models are preserved via the conversions. In particular, based on a block-building mechanism, we design a new blockwise algorithm for the CNF to ANF conversion which is geared towards producing fewer and lower degree polynomials. The above conversions allow usto integrate both solvers via a communication interface. To reach an even tighter integration, we consider proof systems that combine resolution and polynomial calculus, i.e. the two most used proof systems in logic and algebraic solving. Based on such a proof system, which we call SRES, we introduce new types of solving algorithms that demostrate the synergy between Gr{\"o}bner-like and DPLL-like solving. At the end of the second part of the dissertation, we provide some experiments based on a new benchmark which illustrate that the our new method based on DPLL has the potential to outperform CDCL SAT solvers. In the third part of the thesis, we focus on practical attacks on various cryptograhic primitives. For instance, we apply SAT solvers in the case of algebraic fault attacks on the symmetric ciphers LED and derivatives of the block cipher AES. The main goal there is to derive so-called fault equations automatically from the hardware description of the cryptosystem and thus automatizate the attack. To give some extra power to a SAT solver that inverts the hash functions SHA-1 and SHA-2, we describe how to tweak the SAT solver using a programmatic interface such that the propagation of the solver and thus the attack itself is improved.}, subject = {Kryptoanalyse}, language = {en} }