@phdthesis{Behm2022, author = {Behm, Svenia}, title = {Four essays on statistical modelling of environmental data}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10539}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XIII, 137 Seiten}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This dissertation deals with geostatistical, time series, and regression analytical approaches for modelling spatio-temporal processes, using air quality data in the applications. The work is structured into four essays the abstracts of which are given in the following. The first essay is titled 'Spatial detrending revisited: Modelling local trend patterns in NO2-concentration in Belgium and Germany'. It is written in co-authorship by Prof. Dr. Harry Haupt and Dr. Angelika Schmid and published in 2018 in Spatial Statistics 28, pp. 331-351 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spasta.2018.04.004). Abstract Short-term predictions of air pollution require spatial modelling of trends, heterogeneities, and dependencies. Two-step methods allow real-time computations by separating spatial detrending and spatial extrapolation into two steps. Existing methods discuss trend models for specific environments and require specification search. Given more complex environments, specification search gets complicated by potential nonlinearities and heterogeneities. This research embeds a nonparametric trend modelling approach in real-time two-step methods. Form and complexity of trends are allowed to vary across heterogeneous environments. The proposed method avoids ad hoc specifications and potential generated predictor problems in previous contributions. Examining Belgian and German air quality and land use data, local trend patterns are investigated in a data driven way and are compared to results computed with existing methods and variations thereof. An important aspect of our empirical illustration is the heterogeneity and superior performance of local trend patterns for both research regions. The findings suggest that a nonparametric spatial trend modelling approach is a valuable tool for real-time predictions of pollution variables: it avoids specification search, provides useful exploratory insights and reduces computational costs. The second essay is titled 'Predictability of hourly nitrogen dioxide concentration'. It is written in co-authorship with Prof. Dr. Harry Haupt and published in 2020 in Ecological Modelling 428, 109076 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109076). Abstract Temporal aggregation of air quality time series is typically used to investigate stylized facts of the underlying series such as multiple seasonal cycles. While aggregation reduces complexity, commonly used aggregates can suffer from non-representativeness or non-robustness. For example, definitions of specific events such as extremes are subjective and may be prone to data contaminations. The aim of this paper is to assess the predictability of hourly nitrogen dioxide concentrations and to explore how predictability depends on (i) level of temporal aggregation, (ii) hour of day, and (iii) concentration level. Exploratory tools are applied to identify structural patterns, problems related to commonly used aggregate statistics and suitable statistical modeling philosophies, capable of handling multiple seasonalities and non-stationarities. Hourly times series and subseries of daily measurements for each hour of day are used to investigate the predictability of pollutant levels for each hour of day, with prediction horizons ranging from one hour to one week ahead. Predictability is assessed by time series cross validation of a loss function based on out-of-sample prediction errors. Empirical evidence on hourly nitrogen dioxide measurements suggests that predictability strongly depends on conditions (i)-(iii) for all statistical models: for specific hours of day, models based on daily series outperform models based on hourly series, while in general predictability deteriorates with exposure level. The third essay is titled 'Agglomeration and infrastructure effects in land use regression models for air pollution - Specification, estimation, and interpretations'. It is written in co-authorship with Dr. Markus Fritsch and published in 2021 in Atmospheric Environment 253, 118337 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118337). Abstract Established land use regression (LUR) techniques such as linear regression utilize extensive selection of predictors and functional form to fit a model for every data set on a given pollutant. In this paper, an alternative to established LUR modeling is employed, which uses additive regression smoothers. Predictors and functional form are selected in a data-driven way and ambiguities resulting from specification search are mitigated. The approach is illustrated with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) data from German monitoring sites using the spatial predictors longitude, latitude, altitude and structural predictors; the latter include population density, land use classes, and road traffic intensity measures. The statistical performance of LUR modeling via additive regression smoothers is contrasted with LUR modeling based on parametric polynomials. Model evaluation is based on goodness of fit, predictive performance, and a diagnostic test for remaining spatial autocorrelation in the error terms. Additionally, interpretation and counterfactual analysis for LUR modeling based on additive regression smoothers are discussed. Our results have three main implications for modeling air pollutant concentration levels: First, modeling via additive regression smoothers is supported by a specification test and exhibits superior in- and out-of-sample performance compared to modeling based on parametric polynomials. Second, different levels of prediction errors indicate that NO2 concentration levels observed at background and traffic/industrial monitoring sites stem from different processes. Third, accounting for agglomeration and infrastructure effects is important: NO2 concentration levels tend to increase around major cities, surrounding agglomeration areas, and their connecting road traffic network. The fourth essay is titled 'Outlier detection and visualisation in multi-seasonal time series and its application to hourly nitrogen dioxide concentration'. It is written in single authorship and has not been published yet. Abstract Outlier detection in data on air pollutant recordings is conducted to uncover data points that refer to either invalid measurements or valid but unusually high concentration levels. As air pollutant data is typically characterised by multiple seasonalities, the task of outlier detection is associated with the question of how to deal with such non-stationarities. The present work proposes a method that combines time series segmentation, seasonal adjustment, and standardisation of random variables. While the former two are employed to obtain subseries of homoskedastic data, the latter ensures comparability across the subseries. Further, the standardised version of the seasonally adjusted subseries represents a scaled measure for the outlyingness of each data point in the original time series from its mean and therefore forms a suitable basis for outlier detection. In an empirical application to data on hourly NO2 concentration levels recorded at a traffic monitoring site in Cologne, Germany, over the years 2016 to 2019, the common boxplot criterion is used to examine each standardised seasonally adjusted subseries for positive outliers. The results of the analyses are put into their natural temporal order and displayed in a heatmap layout that provides information on when single and sequential outliers occur.}, subject = {Statistik}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Tomek2022, author = {Tomek, Raphaela}, title = {Quiet please! - School Noise and its Effects on Student Teachers and Practicing Teachers}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10626}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {155 Seiten}, year = {2022}, abstract = {L{\"a}rm in Schulen gilt aus unterschiedlichen Gr{\"u}nden als massiver Belastungsfaktor f{\"u}r Lehrkr{\"a}fte und kann deshalb zu Leistungsdefiziten im Beruf, aber auch zu physischen und psychischen Beeintr{\"a}chtigungen f{\"u}hren. Die Erforschung von Schull{\"a}rm und seinen Auswirkungen ist daher essentiell. Die drei Studien, die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellt werden, untersuchten die unmittelbaren Auswirkungen von L{\"a}rm auf Lehramtsstudierende und die mittelbaren Auswirkungen auf praktizierende Lehrkr{\"a}fte. In der ersten und zweiten Studie wurde im Rahmen zweier Experimente {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft, wie sich Pausenl{\"a}rm auf das Stresserleben, die Leistung in einem Konzentrationstest und auf die Fehlerkorrektur eines Diktats auswirkt. Auf Grundlage des transaktionalen Stressmodells (Lazarus \& Folkman, 1984) wurde vermutet, dass L{\"a}rm zu einer Erh{\"o}hung des Stresserlebens f{\"u}hrt. Der Maximal-Adaptability-Theorie (Hancock \& Warm, 1989, 2003) nach sollte der L{\"a}rm zun{\"a}chst eine optimale Leistung, langfristig jedoch eine Leistungsbeeintr{\"a}chtigung verursachen. Um dies zu {\"u}berpr{\"u}fen, bearbeiteten in der ersten Studie 74 und in der zweiten Studie 104 Lehramtsstudierende der Universit{\"a}t Passau zwei unterschiedliche Konzentrationstests und korrigierten das Diktat eines Sch{\"u}lers, w{\"a}hrend sie kurzen, kontinuierlichen oder keinen Pausenl{\"a}rm h{\"o}rten. In beiden Experimenten f{\"u}hrte kontinuierlicher L{\"a}rm zu einer Erh{\"o}hung des Stresserlebens. Weder kurzer noch kontinuierlicher L{\"a}rm f{\"u}hrte zu einer Verschlechterung der Konzentrationsleistung. Weiter zeigten sich unterschiedliche Befunde: Im ersten Experiment f{\"u}hrte ein kurzer Konzentrationstest in Kombination mit kontinuierlichem L{\"a}rm zu positiven Effekten in der Diktatkorrektur, d.h. die Versuchspersonen wiesen eine bessere Leistung in der Fehlerkorrektur auf. Im zweiten Experiment f{\"u}hrte ein langer Konzentrationstest in Kombination mit kurzem oder kontinuierlichem L{\"a}rm zu negativen Effekten, d.h. die Probanden machten vergleichsweise mehr Fehler bei der anschließenden Diktatkorrektur. Daraus l{\"a}sst sich schlussfolgern, dass Schull{\"a}rm einerseits das Stresserleben erh{\"o}hen und andererseits die anschließende Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit der Lehrkr{\"a}fte verbessern oder einschr{\"a}nken kann. Letzteres scheint allerdings von der konkreten Situation abzuh{\"a}ngen. Im ersten Teil der dritten Studie lag der Fokus auf den Bew{\"a}ltigungsstilen und dem erlebten Stress der Lehrkr{\"a}fte. Da Bew{\"a}ltigungsstile nachweislich einen großen Einfluss auf die psychische Gesundheit haben, lag die Vermutung nahe, dass das durch L{\"a}rm verursachte Stresserleben je nach Bew{\"a}ltigungsstil unterschiedlich ausf{\"a}llt. Auf der Grundlage des Belastungs-Beanspruchungsmodells (Rudow, 2000) und des transaktionalen Stressmodells (Lazarus \& Folkman, 1984) wurde angenommen, dass Lehrkr{\"a}fte mit riskanten Copingstilen mehr Stresssymptome erleben. Deshalb wurde im Rahmen einer Online-Studie untersucht, ob es in Bezug auf psychische und k{\"o}rperliche Symptome Unterschiede zwischen Lehrkr{\"a}ften mit distinkten Bew{\"a}ltigungsstilen gibt. Dazu wurden 99 bayerische Grund- und Mittelschullehrkr{\"a}fte befragt. Aus den {\"u}bergeordneten Skalen Engagement und Resilienz resultierten vier berufliche Bew{\"a}ltigungsstile. Der Typ Gesundheit (hohes Engagement, hohe Resilienz), der Schon-Typ (niedriges Engagement, hohe Resilienz), Typ A (hohes Engagement, niedrige Resilienz) und Typ Burnout (niedriges Engagement, niedrige Resilienz) unterschieden sich hinsichtlich Bedrohungseinsch{\"a}tzung, L{\"a}rmstress, Stimm- und H{\"o}rproblemen sowie l{\"a}rmbedingtem Burnout. Im Vergleich zum Typ Gesundheit wiesen die Risikotypen Typ A und Typ Burnout ein h{\"o}heres Stresserleben auf und erwiesen sich generell anf{\"a}lliger gegen{\"u}ber Schull{\"a}rm als der Typ Gesundheit. Dies ist die erste Studie, die zeigen konnte, dass Schull{\"a}rm besonders f{\"u}r Lehrkr{\"a}fte mit riskanten Copingstilen eine Gef{\"a}hrdung darstellt. Im zweiten Teil der dritten Studie lag der Fokus auf den Wirkungspfaden von Schull{\"a}rm. Hier wurden Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen individuellen Eigenschaften der Lehrkr{\"a}fte und den unterschiedlichen Auswirkungen von Schull{\"a}rm vermutet. Basierend auf dem vereinfachten Modell von Lehrerstress (van Dick \& Wagner, 2001) wurde an 159 bayerischen Grund- und Mittelschullehrkr{\"a}ften untersucht, ob L{\"a}rmstress und Stimmerm{\"u}dung die Verbindung zwischen L{\"a}rmempfindlichkeit und l{\"a}rmbedingtem Burnout vermitteln. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass Stress die Beziehung zwischen L{\"a}rmempfindlichkeit und Stimmerm{\"u}dung vermittelte; Stimmerm{\"u}dung vermittelte die Beziehung zwischen L{\"a}rmstress und l{\"a}rmbezogenem Burnout; L{\"a}rmstress und Stimmerm{\"u}dung vermittelten seriell die Beziehung zwischen L{\"a}rmempfindlichkeit und l{\"a}rmbedingtem Burnout. Dies ist die erste Studie die Verbindungen zwischen l{\"a}rmempfindlichen Lehrkr{\"a}ften und L{\"a}rmstress, Stimmproblemen und l{\"a}rmbedingtem Burnout aufzeigen konnte.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Pitsch2021, author = {Pitsch, Philipp}, title = {Wachstumsraten, Wachstumsmuster und Wachstumsst{\"o}rungen tropischer B{\"a}ume: Analyse von Langzeiteffekten und kurzfristigen St{\"o}rungen mit Hilfe von Jahrringstudien}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10570}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {64 ungez{\"a}hlte Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Age and radial growth rate are key data on understanding some aspects of tropical forest dynamics and ecology. In species that produce annual tree rings, tree-ring analysis allows the most precise estimate of these two parameters. The present study assessed the age and radial growth rate of three Hymenaea species inhabiting four of the six biomes found in Brazil. Out of these four biomes, two harbor the largest rainforests in South America, the Amazon Forest on the west and the Atlantic Forest in the east. The Cerrado biome is an open and seasonally drier vegetation found between them and the Pantanal is a wetland in the west. The H. courbaril species inhabits almost the entire Neotropical lowlands while H. parvifolia and H. stigonocarpa are restricted to the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, respectively. To investigate these species dynamics within different biomes, age and radial growth rate were calculated for 217 trees through tree-ring analyses. The oldest H. courbaril and. H. parvifolia trees were 316 and 371 years old, respectively, while H. stigonocarpa trees were considerably younger, up to 144 years old. Hymenaea courbaril trees showed the widest variation in average growth rate, from 1.00 to 6.63 mm per year, while the other two species showed a narrower variation from 0.89 to 2.81 mm per year. The studied populations presented distinct trends in the lifetime growth pattern that seems to be related to the biome of provenance. Overall, trees from the Amazon forest showed a trend of increasing growth rate up to about 100 years followed by a decreasing of it, while trees growing in the Pantanal and Atlantic forest showed only decreasing growth rates. In the Cerrado, trees showed a constant pattern of growth rate up to 50 years followed by a clear decline. It is important to highlight that different species of Hymenaea showed similar growth trends within the same biome. In larger trees, the average growth rate is lower in the Cerrado, which is characterized by deeper water tables and more dystrophic soils while the growth rates in the Amazon and Atlantic Forests are 60\% and 79\% higher, respectively. This study represents one of the most comprehensive datasets of trees age and growth rate of tropical congeneric species under such large geographical range. A tropical tree-ring study is presented using 36 specimens of Cariniana estrellensis from the Mata Atlantica Biome within the State of S{\~a}o Paulo: Caetetus and Carlos Botelho. We aimed to assess the suitability of this species for chronology building, as well as for dendroclimatological studies, with the help of its lifetime growth trajectories. Cariniana estrellensis forms visible tree rings with a dense sequence of parenchyma bands at the end of the latewood, followed by a relatively distant sequence of parenchyma bands in the subsequent early wood of a tree ring. However, it was impossible to establish a chronology, solely by tree-ring width measurements and crossdating, for a number of reasons, including sequences of problematic wood anatomy, abundance of wedging rings and probably missing rings. Therefore, building a robust chronology for this species requires a multi-parameter approach, however, no experience is currently available. Therefore, to reveal possible climate-growth relationships for Cariniana estrellensis at both sites, we tested to correlation analyses of microclimatic conditions with tree growth and investigated patterns of lifetime growth trajectories. Annual precipitation is over 1300 mm at both sites, with the dry season primarily between June and August. Both sites showed clear differences in their microclimatic regime and topography. Overall, light availability is the most likely crucial factor for the studied species. A significantly lower photosynthetic active radiation and daily photoperiod was found at Carlos Botelho by the strong influence of orographic rainfall, foggy conditions and shade caused by the adjacent mountain chain. Consequently, trees at this site generally showed a lower average annual growth rate as compared to the Caetetus site with differences between juvenile and mature growth phases remaining nearly constant throughout their lives. In contrast, trees from Caetetus had less consistent growth phases, with increased growth after the juvenile growth phase. Thus, it can be concluded that dendroclimatological studies using growth characteristics have the potential to clarify the generally complex stand dynamics of Cariniana estrellensis. However, the development of tree-ring chronologies, based on tree-ring width analyses of cores or discs is nearly impossible. Deforestation in tropical regions is raising fragmentation to alarming levels. Not only does it lead to losses of forest area, but also the abiotic and biotic changes on forest edge areas alter the development of the remaining trees. We aimed to assess the impacts of forest fragmentation on the growth of tropical emergent trees. We sampled the endangered species Aspidosperma polyneuron (Apocynaceae) at forest edge and interior in the highly fragmented Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We obtained increment cores of each tree along with data about tree and surrounding canopy heights, plus their current levels of liana infestation. We used tree-ring analyses to estimate age and growth rate of trees. Sampled trees and surrounding canopy were taller at the forest interior than at the edge, even though both sampled populations have similar ages. Overall, trees at forest interior show a lifetime growth pattern common to shade-tolerant species, with a peak of growth rate at 120 years. Indeed, all sampled trees exhibited this pattern before fragmentation. However, trees at forest edge presented constantly slow growth rates for all diameter classes after the fragmentation event. The strong presence of lianas at forest edge prevents trees from experiencing the expected growth releases throughout their lifetime, probably by keeping the leaves of A. polyneuron under shaded conditions. Therefore, the management of lianas at the forest edge is likely the most effective procedure to ensure the growth of emergent trees, guarantying their role on forests structure, carbon storage, and ecosystem functioning.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Steudner2021, author = {Steudner, Tobias}, title = {Understanding Consumers' Digital Data Disclosure Decision-Making: A Focus on Data Sharing Cooperations, Perceived Risks and Low-Cognitive-Effort Processing}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10583}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {vii, 155 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Due to the advances of digitalization, firms are able to collect more and more personal consumer data and strive to do so. Moreover, many firms nowadays have a data sharing cooperation with other firms, so consumer data is shared with third parties. Accordingly, consumers are confronted regularly with the decision whether to disclose personal data to such a data sharing cooperation (DSC). Despite privacy research has become highly important, peculiarities of such disclosure settings with a DSC between firms have been neglected until now. To address this gap is the first research objective in this thesis. Another underexplored aspect in privacy research is the impact of low-cognitive-effort decision-making. This is because the privacy calculus, the most dominant theory in privacy research, assumes for consumers a purely cognitive effortful and deliberative disclosure decision-making process. Therefore, to expand this perspective and examine the impact of low-cognitive-effort decision-making is the second research objective in this thesis. Additionally, with the third research objective, this thesis strives to unify and increase the understanding of perceived privacy risks and privacy concerns which are the two major antecedents that reduce consumers' disclosure willingness. To this end, five studies are conducted: i) essay 1 examines and compares consumers' privacy risk perception in a DSC disclosure setting with disclosure settings that include no DSC, ii) essay 2 examines whether in a DSC disclosure setting consumers rely more strongly on low-cognitive-effort processing for their disclosure decision, iii) essay 3 explores different consumer groups that vary in their perception of how a DSC affects their privacy risks, iv) essay 4 refines the understanding of privacy concerns and privacy risks and examines via meta-analysis the varying effect sizes of privacy concerns and privacy risks on privacy behavior depending on the applied measurement approach, v) essay 5 examines via autobiographical recall the effects of consumers' feelings and arousal on disclosure willingness. Overall, this thesis shines light on consumers' personal data disclosure decision-making: essay 1 shows that the perceived risk associated with a disclosure in a DSC setting is not necessarily higher than to an identical firm without DSC. Also, essay 3 indicates that only for the smallest share of consumers a DSC has a negative impact on their disclosure willingness and that one third of consumers do not intensively think about consequences for their privacy risks arising through a DSC. Additionally, essay 2 shows that a stronger reliance on low-cognitive-effort processing is prevalent in DSC disclosure settings. Moreover, essay 5 displays that even unrelated feelings of consumers can impact their disclosure willingness, but the effect direction also depends on consumers' arousal level. This thesis contributes in three ways to theory: i) it shines light on peculiarities of DSC disclosure settings, ii) it suggests mechanisms and results of low-effort processing, and iii) it enhances the understanding of perceived privacy risks and privacy concerns as well as their resulting effect sizes. Besides theoretical contributions, this thesis offers practical implications as well: it allows firms to adjust the disclosure setting and the communication with their consumers in a way that makes them more successful in data collection. It also shows that firms do not need to be too anxious about a reduced disclosure willingness due to being part of a DSC. However, it also helps consumers themselves by showing in which circumstances they are most vulnerable to disclose personal data. That consumers become conscious of situations in which they are especially vulnerable to disclose data could serve as a countermeasure: this could prevent that consumers disclose too much data and regret it afterwards. Similarly, this thesis serves as a thought-provoking input for regulators as it emphasizes the importance of low-cognitive-effort processing for consumers' decision-making, thus regulators may be able to consider this in the future. In sum, this thesis expands knowledge on how consumers decide whether to disclose personal data, especially in DSC settings and regarding low-cognitive-effort processing. It offers a more unified understanding for antecedents of disclosure willingness as well as for consumers' disclosure decision-making processes. This thesis opens up new research avenues and serves as groundwork, in particular for more research on data disclosures in DSC settings.}, language = {en} } @book{Nikkho2021, author = {Nikkho, Ramin}, title = {Der Ausschluss aus der staatlichen Parteienfinanzierung}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-7489-2143-1}, doi = {10.5771/9783748921431}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9349}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {309 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Durch die Verfassungs{\"a}nderung zum Zwecke des Ausschlusses verfassungsfeindlicher Parteien aus der staatlichen Parteienfinanzierung wurde ein neues Mittel der wehrhaften Demokratie geschaffen. Das Prinzip erlaubt es dem Staat in engen Grenzen, gegen Parteien vorzugehen, die erkl{\"a}rtermaßen Gegner der freiheitlichen demokratischen Grundordnung sind. Die dem Ausschluss immanente Ungleichbehandlung gegen{\"u}ber anderen Parteien sorgt allerdings f{\"u}r eine nicht unerhebliche Verzerrung des politischen Wettbewerbs, was Fragen zu seiner Vereinbarkeit mit dem Grundgesetz, insbesondere Art. 79 Abs. 3 GG, aufwirft. Diese Fragen und die Folgen des Ausschlusses aus der staatlichen Parteienfinanzierung f{\"u}r die betroffene Partei sind Gegenstand dieser Arbeit.}, subject = {Deutschland}, language = {de} } @book{BenkelMeitzlerPreuss2019, author = {Benkel, Thomas and Meitzler, Matthias and Preuß, Dirk}, title = {Autonomie der Trauer}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-7489-0152-5}, doi = {10.5771/9783748901525}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2019080303061052908189}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {219 Seiten}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Die Sepulkralkultur befindet sich in einem massiven Umbruch. Friedhofslandschaften und Bestattungsrituale in Deutschland ver{\"a}ndern ihr Gesicht. Sie sind nicht mehr der Spiegel kollektivistischer Sinnangebote, sondern reflektieren Lebenswelten. Der Tod und die Handlungskonzepte, die ihn einrahmen, sind folglich zutiefst pluralistisch gepr{\"a}gt. Rechtlichen Vorschriften bleiben dem gegen{\"u}ber erstaunlich starr. Friedhofsordnungen und andere Bestimmungen sind somit immer h{\"a}ufiger ein Stein des Anstoßes; insbesondere die Friedhofspflicht gilt zunehmend als B{\"u}rde. Seit einiger Zeit haben sich nun Praktiken etabliert, bei denen Hinterbliebene die Asche Verstorbener zuhause aufbewahren bzw. an alternativen Orten verstreuen. Die Ausl{\"o}ser dieser schleichenden Ver{\"a}nderung wurzeln in der Individualisierung. So sehr es sich einerseits um autonome Entscheidungen handelt, so stark liegen andererseits Wandlungsprozesse des kulturellen Bewusstseins vor. Sie stehen f{\"u}r eine Verschiebung in Richtung einer Autonomie der Trauer.}, subject = {Trauer}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Alyousef2021, author = {Alyousef, Ammar}, title = {E-Mobility Management: Towards a Grid-friendly Smart Charging Solution}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9302}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xvii, 159 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Replacing fossil-fueled vehicles with Electric Vehicles (EVs) poses new challenges for power distribution networks. Specifically speaking, the electrification of the mobility sector relies on the ability to process and analyze information on when, where, for how long, or how fast charging processes will take place. Nevertheless, such kind of information is typically difficult to acquire or insufficiently predictable due to the dynamic nature of the system. Also, the increasing adoption rate of the renewable energy sources, specifically the domestic Photovoltaic (PV) systems, and the potentially associated grid defection scenarios will significantly impact the cost and efforts required to operate the grid in terms of power quality and demand-supply aspects. However, such emerging requirements have arguably not been taken into account when the distribution grid was built originally. Besides, expanding the distribution and transmission capacity is a very costly and lengthy process. Therefore, any proposed solution should be cost-effective as well as environment-, grid- and user-friendly. To this end, the advancements in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) are increasingly adopted and applied. This thesis addresses the rapidly growing EV sector and deals with the problems to overcome potential power quality degradation caused by the challenges mentioned above. Since time switch and radio ripple control as existing solutions in Germany are costly and neither very effective nor scalable as it requires hardware retrofitting of existing public Charging Stations (CSs), the primary focus of this work is the development of an appropriate, standards-based, scalable, and smart charging solution of EVs. Such a solution can, in turn, boost the usage of renewable energy by ensuring that the existing grid infrastructure can operate within its permissible limits while maintaining acceptable levels of power quality. This work introduces a new definition of the concept, "grid-friendly EV charging", where the power demand of a CS is adjusted depending on the real-time status of a power grid. In this regard, the conflicting concerns of stakeholders in an EV ecosystem are considered. For example, a Distribution System Operator (DSO) does not want to reveal a lot of technical details about the power grid or its status. Similarly, a Charging Service Provider (CSP) wants to keep its clients happy without sharing the details of its business model with others, namely, DSOs. For that sake, a distributed smart charging architecture is proposed in this thesis. It is event-driven and responds in nearly real-time to unforeseen and critical grid situations such as high/low voltage, congestion, phase unbalance, and harmonics. In that regard, the publish/subscribe messaging pattern, used as a part of the architecture, enables an efficient and well-performing communication scheme among the different components. Moreover, an indication mechanism about the different issues in a power grid is developed; it adopts the traffic light model. It works as a black box to separate smart controllers for each CS and configured only by the CSP. Smart chargers enable a smooth adjustment of the charging power to avoid drastic changes in the grid state. To that end, two types of intelligent controllers are developed and tested. While the first controller is inspired by the fuzzy logic, the second one is inspired by the slow-start mechanism used in TCP to control congestion in computer networks. A simulative approach is applied to evaluate the solution, thereby, a topology of a real low voltage grid with realistic load and generation profiles is used. Furthermore, a set of metrics is defined regarding the main concerns of stakeholders: voltage, overloading, fairness, the satisfaction of EV users and grid operator, as well as the grid-friendly behavior of a CS/ EV user. The evaluation shows that the solution is able to guarantee a safe operation of the grid. The proposed system can ensure a grid-friendly charging by sacrificing of a small portion of user satisfaction, that sacrifice of a user is awarded via a points-based reward system. Last but not least, the proposed distributed controllers are compared to two other controllers: (1) a decentralized controller based only on sensing the local voltage and (2) a very strict centralized controller focusing on grid-friendliness. The latter ensures proportional fairness among users regarding the objective function of the optimization problem solved in each simulation step. The distributed controllers are superior to the decentralized controller in terms of grid friendly and fairness and converge in general to the centralized one.}, subject = {Elektromobilit{\"a}t}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Niedermeier2020, author = {Niedermeier, Florian}, title = {Power-Adaptive Computing in Future Energy Networks}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9993}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xvi, 204 Seiten}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The current electricity grid is undergoing major changes. There is increasing pressure to move away from power generation from fossil fuels, both due to ecological concerns and fear of dependencies on scarce natural resources. Increasing the share of decentralized generation from renewable sources is a widely accepted way to a more sustainable power infrastructure. However, this comes at the price of new challenges: generation from solar or wind power is not controllable and only forecastable with limited accuracy. To compensate for the increasing volatility in power generation, exerting control on the demand side is a promising approach. By providing flexibility on demand side, imbalances between power generation and demand may be mitigated. This work is concerned with developing methods to provide grid support on demand side while limiting the associated costs. This is done in four major steps: first, the target power curve to follow is derived taking both goals of a grid authority and costs of the respective load into account. In the following, the special case of data centers as an instance of significant loads inside a power grid are focused on more closely. Data center services are adapted in a way such as to achieve the previously derived power curve. By means of hardware power demand models, the required adaptation of hardware utilization can be derived. The possibilities of adapting software services are investigated for the special use case of live video encoding. A method to minimize quality of experience loss while reducing power demand is presented. Finally, the possibility of applying probabilistic model checking to a continuous demand-response scenario is demonstrated.}, subject = {Energieversorgung}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Bongers2020, author = {Bongers, Franziska Maria}, title = {Three essays on digital and non-digital transformations in business-to-business markets}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9149}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XVI, 231 Seiten}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Fundamental changes in business-to-business (B2B) buying behavior confront B2B supplier firms with unprecedented challenges. On the one hand, a rising share of industrial buyers demands digitalized offerings and processes from suppliers. Consequently, suppliers are urged to implement digital transformations by expanding the range of both digital offerings and processes. On the other hand, B2B buyers increasingly expect suppliers to provide individually tailored solutions to their idiosyncratic needs. Hence, suppliers are also required to implement non-digital transformations by providing offerings and processes that are customized to each customers' specific requirements. The rise of these digital and non-digital transformations calls established knowledge into question. Thus, B2B marketing research and practice are urged to create a comprehensive understanding of digital and non-digital transformations by means of novel and empirically grounded insights and derive actionable response strategies. In respond, my dissertation addresses the overall research question of how B2B supplier firms can successfully implement both digital and non-digital transformations in three individual essays. In Essay 1, I offer a broader perspective on both digital and non-digital transformations by investigating digital service customization (i.e., the tailoring of digital B2B services to customers' individual needs). Through a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis, I outline a comprehensive set of factors that favor the application of distinct digital service customization strategies. Essay 2 represents a deep dive into digital transformations of sales processes. By making use of two rich sets of qualitative interview material from supplier and buyer firms, I identify the challenges resulting for B2B salespeople from the introduction of digital sales channels into personal selling. Moreover, I uncover facilitating mechanisms that sales managers can employ to support salespeople in coping with digital sales channels. Finally, Essay 3 constitutes a deep dive into non-digital transformations. Based on qualitative interview material and survey data from matched sales manager-salesperson dyads, the essay explores how configurations of individual salespeople's personal and procedural competencies facilitate success at selling customer solutions (i.e., highly customized, performance-oriented offerings comprising products and/or services). The essay shows that successfully selling customized offerings like solutions hinges on salespeople's unique configurations of present and absent competencies. In a nutshell, these essays provide three major insights on how B2B suppliers can successfully implement digital and non-digital transformations. First, they underscore that a comprehensive understanding of the origins and spillover effects of transformations is a key prerequisite to successfully implementing them. Second, they unveil that digital and non-digital transformations impact on multiple organizational levels. Third, they point out important resources and capabilities that help suppliers to successfully implement transformations, be they digital or non-digital. With this dissertation, I make substantial contributions to the broader literature on digital and non-digital transformations in B2B contexts. At the same time, my dissertation provides hands-on implications for managers in B2B supplier firms that are facing fundamental transformations in the marketplace—both digital and non-digital in nature.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ansah2021, author = {Ansah, Frimpong}, title = {Performance and optimization technologies for software defined industrial networks}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, address = {Passau}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9002}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xxi, 173 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The concept of programmable networks is radically changing the way communication infrastructures are designed, integrated, and operated. Currently, the topic is spearheaded by concepts such as software-defined networking, forwarding and control element separation, and network function virtualization. Notably, software-defined networking has attracted significant attention in telecommunication and data centers and thus already in some production-grade networks. Despite the prevalence of software-defined networking in these domains, industrial networks are yet to see its benefits to encourage adoption. However, the misconceptions around the concept itself, the role of virtualization, and algorithms pose a significant obstacle. Furthermore, the desire to accommodate new services in the automation industry results in a pattern of constantly increasing complexity of industrial networks, which is compounded by the requirement to provide stringent deterministic service guarantees considering characteristically different applications and thus posing a significant challenge for management, configuration, and maintenance as existing solutions are architecturally inflexible. Therefore, the first contribution of this thesis addresses the misconceptions around software-defined networking by providing a comparative analysis of programmable network concepts, detailing where software-defined networks compare with other concepts and how its principles can be leveraged to evolve industrial networks. Armed with the fundamental principles of programmable networks, the second contribution identifies virtualization technologies and proposes novel algorithms to provide varied quality of service guarantees on converged time-sensitive Ethernet networks using software-defined networking concepts. Finally, a performance analysis of a software-defined hybrid deployment solution for control and management of time-sensitive Ethernet networks that integrates proposed novel algorithms is presented as an industrial use-case that enables industrial operators to harness the full potential of time-sensitive networks.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Zierke2021, author = {Zierke, Oliver}, title = {Innovation and Competition in the Digital Economy: Implications for Internet Platforms, Telecommunications Networks and Data Sharing Initiatives}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10006}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {iii, 104 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Governments around the world currently focus on shaping the digital economy. Particular attention is paid to Internet platforms, Internet infrastructure and data as essential components of the digital economy. The three studies in this thesis contribute to the understanding of the behavior of firms in each of these domains and derive insights for future regulations and business projects. The first study deals with the ranking of content on Internet platforms and how it affects the incentives of content providers to invest in content quality. The focus of the study is on sponsored ranking and organic ranking, but the case that a vertically integrated content provider is favored by an Internet platform is also taken into account. Using a game theoretic model, it is shown that there is no ranking design that strictly leads to more investment compared to the other designs. It is also shown that the Internet platform usually chooses the type of ranking that, from the perspective of the Internet platform and consumers, yields the best expected overall content quality. The second study deals with the incentive of Internet service providers to throttle specific Internet content. The key finding is that Internet service providers use this instrument to utilize the capacity of their telecommunications network more efficiently. This leads not only to more benefits for Internet users, but also to a higher incentive to invest in network capacity due to better monetization. The third study examines the circumstances under which firms are willing to share data with other firms. By means of an economic laboratory experiment, it is shown that more data is shared if the firms have control over who exactly they share data with. Thus, for example, data pools that grant unrestricted data access to all participating firms can be expected to perform worse than data pools that give their participating firms control over with whom their uploaded data is shared. In addition, the third study finds that established relationships are characterized by more data sharing and less volatility in the amount of shared data than new relationships. The study concludes that data sharing projects should not be expected to work optimally right away. In summary, the studies in this thesis identify a number of costs that may arise when digital firms' choice is restricted by regulation or design. The ability of Internet service providers to throttle certain content and the ability of Internet platforms to choose the ranking design are usually used in the best interests of consumers. Data sharing also works best when firms are free to decide who gets their data.}, language = {en} } @book{Rosowski2021, author = {Rosowski, Udo}, title = {Die Organisation der Bergaufsicht im rheinisch-westf{\"a}lischen Bergbaubezirk vom 16. Jh. bis zum Allgemeinen Berggesetz von 1865}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9940}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {17 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Die Publikation stellt die Ausgestaltung und Zunahme der staatlichen Verwaltung und Leitung der Bergbaubetriebe im Zeitablauf auch vor dem Hintergrund der sich {\"a}ndernden Landesherrschaften bis hin zum sogenannten Direktionsprinzip anschaulich dar. Mit dem Berggesetz von 1865 wurde der staatliche Einfluss auf ein Mindestmaß zur{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt.}, subject = {Bergrecht}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Halder2022, author = {Halder, Christoph}, title = {Private Enforcement und Datenschutzrecht}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10518}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XXV, 435 Seiten}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Das Durchsetzungssystem der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DS-GVO) regelt in den Art. 77 ff. DS-GVO nur ansatzweise die Durchsetzung der Rechte der Betroffenen durch Dritte. Die Arbeit hat sich deshalb zum Ziel gesetzt, Rechtsdurchsetzungsm{\"o}glichkeiten von Verb{\"a}nden und Mitbewerbern in Deutschland genauer zu beleuchten. Hierzu wird zun{\"a}chst der Spielraum untersucht, den die Datenschutz-Grundverordnung Dritten bei der Rechtsdurchsetzung einr{\"a}umt, also mit anderen Worten, ob deren Rechtsbehelfssystem eine Sperrwirkung f{\"u}r die Mitgliedstaaten zeitigt. Darauf aufbauend wird n{\"a}her untersucht, ob das Gesetz gegen den unlauteren Wettbewerb (UWG) und das Gesetz {\"u}ber Unterlassungsklagen bei Verbraucherrechts- und anderen Verst{\"o}ßen (UKlaG) innerhalb des ermittelten Spielraums verbleiben.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Lang2021, author = {Lang, Thomas}, title = {AI-Supported Interactive Segmentation of 3D Volumes}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9221}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {184 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The segmentation of volumetric datasets, i.e., the partitioning of the data into disjoint sub-volumes with the goal to extract information about these regions,is a difficult problem and has been discussed in medical imaging for decades. Due to the ever-increasing imaging capabilities, in particular in X-ray computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging, segmentation in industrial applications also gains interest. Especially in industrial applications the generated datasets increase in size. Hence, most applications apply well-known techniques in a 2+1-dimensional manner,i.e., they apply image segmentation procedures on each slice separately and track the progress along the axis of the volume in which the slices are stacked on. This discards the information on preceding or subsequent slices, which is often assumed to be nearly identical. However, in the industrial context this might prove wrong since industrial parts might change their appearance significantly over the course of even a few slices. Moreover, artifacts can further distort the content of the slices. Therefore, three-dimensional processing of voxel volumes has to be preferred, which induces constraints upon the segmentation procedures. For example, they must not consider global information as it is usually not feasible in big scans to compute them efficiently. Yet another frequent problem is that applications focus on individual parts only and algorithms are tailored to that case. Most prominent medical segmentation procedures do so by applying methods to specifically find the liver and only the liver of a patient, for example. The implication is that the same method then cannot be applied to find other parts of the scan and such methods have to be designed individually for any object to be segmented. Flexible segmentation methods are needed too specifically when partitioning unique scans. We define a unique scan to be a voxel dataset for which no comparable volume exists. Classical examples include the use case of cultural heritage where not only the objects themselves are unique but also scan parameters are optimized to obtain the best image quality possible for that specific scan. This thesis aims at introducing novel methods for voxelwise classifications based on local geometric features. The latter are computed from local environments around each voxel and extract information in similar ways as humans do, namely by observing their similarity to geometric or textural primitives. These features serve as the foundation to learning the proposed voxelwise classifiers and to discriminate between segmented and unsegmented voxels. On the one hand, they perform fully automated clustering of volumes for which a representative random sample is extracted first. On the other hand, a set of segmenting classifiers can be trained from few seed voxels, i.e., volume elements for which a domain expert marked if they belong to the components that shall be segmented. The interactive selection offers the advantage that no completely labeled voxel volumes are necessary and hence that unique scans of objects can be segmented for which no comparable scans exist. Overall, it will be shown that all proposed segmentation methods are effectively of linear runtime with respect to the number of voxels in the volume. Thus, voxel volumes without size restrictions can be segmented in an efficient linear pass through the volume. Finally, the segmentation performance is evaluated on selected datasets which shows that the introduced methods can achieve good results on scans from a broad variety of domains for both small and big voxel volumes.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{SalehiRizi2021, author = {Salehi Rizi, Fatemeh}, title = {Graph Representation Learning for Social Networks}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9211}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {ix, 130 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Online social networks provide a rich source of information about millions of users worldwide. However, due to sparsity and complex structure, analyzing these networks is quite challenging and expensive. Recently, graph embedding emerged to map networked data into low-dimensional representations, i.e. vector embeddings. These representations are fed into off-the-shelf machine learning algorithms to simplify and speed up graph analytic tasks. Given the immense importance of social network analysis, in this thesis, we aim to study graph embedding for social networks in three directions. Firstly, we focus on social networks at microscopic level to primarily encode the structural characteristic of users' personal networks so-called ego networks. These representations are utilized in evaluation tasks whose performance depends on relational information from direct neighbors. For example, social circle prediction and event attendance inference both need structural information from neighbors in social networks. Secondly, we explore assessing the content of vector embeddings in terms of topological properties. This could be explained via two proposed approaches: 1) a learning to rank algorithm in which the model weights reveal the importance of properties at subgraph level (ego networks), 2) a regression model for direct approximation of network statistical properties at vertex level. Thirdly, we propose extensions of graph embedding to capture sign or additional content of social networks. Users in social media often express their feelings and attitudes towards others which forms sentiment links besides social links. We design a joint objective function whose terms capture semantics of both social and sentiment links simultaneously. We also propose a multi-task learning framework for networks with attributes and labels by stacking autoencoders. The weights of the learning tasks are automatically assigned via an adaptive loss weighting layer.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{Rosowski2021, author = {Rosowski, Udo}, title = {{\"U}bersicht {\"u}ber die Arbeitsverh{\"a}ltnisse im {\"o}sterreichischen Kohlebergbau nach dem Berggesetz von 23. Mai 1854}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9049}, pages = {57 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Eine zusammenfassende Darstellung der sozialen Lage der Bergleute im {\"o}sterreichischen Bergbau existiert bisher noch nicht. Mit dieser Arbeit sollen einige Aspekte des Arbeitsverh{\"a}ltnisses der {\"o}sterreichischen Bergleute nach Inkrafttreten des Allgemeinen Berggesetzes beleuchtet werden.}, language = {de} } @book{Rosowski2018, author = {Rosowski, Udo}, title = {Die Bergrechtsreformen Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts in Preußen und der Paradigmenwechsel im staatlichen Arbeitsschutz von Nordrhein-Westfalen nach 1994 im Kontext von Staats- und Verwaltungsmodernisierung}, publisher = {literates Verlag}, address = {Br{\"u}ggen}, isbn = {978-3-943360-51-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-8979}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {143 Seiten}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Die Bergrechtsreformen Mitte des 19. Jh. in Preußen hatten weitreichende Auswirkungen auf die Bergarbeiterschaft. In Nordrhein-Westfalen wurde 1994 mit dem Wechsel von der Gewerbeaufsicht zur Arbeitsschutzverwaltung ein {\"a}hnlicher Paradigmenwechsel vollzogen. Die Abhandlung untersucht und vergleicht die Auswirkungen dieser Rechts{\"a}nderungen.}, language = {de} } @article{Basmadjian2019, author = {Basmadjian, Robert}, title = {Flexibility-Based Energy and Demand Management in Data Centers}, series = {Energies}, volume = {2019}, journal = {Energies}, number = {12}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/en12173301}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9251}, pages = {1 -- 22}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The power demand (kW) and energy consumption (kWh) of data centers were augmenteddrastically due to the increased communication and computation needs of IT services. Leveragingdemand and energy management within data centers is a necessity. Thanks to the automated ICTinfrastructure empowered by the IoT technology, such types of management are becoming more feasiblethan ever. In this paper, we look at management from two different perspectives: (1) minimization of theoverall energy consumption and (2) reduction of peak power demand during demand-response periods.Both perspectives have a positive impact on total cost of ownership for data centers. We exhaustivelyreviewed the potential mechanisms in data centers that provided flexibilities together with flexiblecontracts such as green service level and supply-demand agreements. We extended state-of-the-artby introducing the methodological building blocks and foundations of management systems for theabove mentioned two perspectives. We validated our results by conducting experiments on a lab-gradescale cloud computing data center at the premises of HPE in Milano. The obtained results support thetheoretical model, by highlighting the excellent potential of flexible service level agreements in Green IT:33\% of overall energy savings and 50\% of power demand reduction during demand-response periods inthe case of data center federation.}, language = {en} } @book{Rosowski2016, author = {Rosowski, Udo}, title = {Habsburg versus Preußen}, publisher = {literates Verlag}, isbn = {9783668247635}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-8946}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {35 Seiten}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Zweck dieser Arbeit ist es, n{\"a}her auf das Verh{\"a}ltnis der beiden großen Staaten {\"O}sterreich und Preußen in 'Deutschland' gerade auch hinsichtlich der pers{\"o}nlichen Animosit{\"a}ten der handelnden Akteure einzugehen und daraus abzuleiten, warum unterschiedliche Ansichten, Erwartungen, Mentalit{\"a}ten und Vorurteile, gepaart mit dem jeweiligen Bestreben von Habsburg und Preußen, eine Dominanz unter den deutschen Staaten zu erreichen bzw. die Vorherrschaft des anderen Staates zu verhindern, nicht dazu f{\"u}hren konnten, ein gemeinsames deutsches Reich in Mitteleuropa zu errichten. Die Darstellung des politischen Geschehens wurde daher auf die zentralen Ereignisse reduziert, da die geschichtlichen Abl{\"a}ufe bereits in zahlreichen anderen Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen ersch{\"o}pfend ausgearbeitet wurden. Diese grundlegende Ausarbeitung ist eingebettet in eine umfangreichere Arbeit, die den Vergleich zwischen Preußen und {\"O}sterreich in der Entwicklung des Bergwesens und der teilweise unterschiedlichen Ausgestaltung des Bergrechts zum Inhalt hat.}, subject = {Deutscher Krieg <1866>}, language = {de} } @book{Rosowski2021, author = {Rosowski, Udo}, title = {{\"U}ber das beabsichtigte Ausscheiden der H{\"u}ttenwerke aus dem Bergrecht durch das Allgemeine {\"o}sterreichische Berggesetz vom 23. Mai 1854.}, publisher = {literates Verlag Druck Medien GbR}, address = {Br{\"u}ggen}, isbn = {978374943360660}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9011}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {48 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Mit der Bergrechtsrevision in {\"O}sterreich in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts war zun{\"a}chst beabsichtigt, das H{\"u}ttenwesen aus dem Bergrecht zu entfernen und dem allgemeinen Gewerberecht zuzuordnen. Hiergegen erhob sich heftiger Widerstand der Berg- und H{\"u}ttenwerksbesitzer. Die Abhandlung stellt den Verlauf bis zum Erlass des Berggesetzes dar.}, subject = {Bergrecht}, language = {de} } @article{Schiffbeck2020, author = {Schiffbeck, Adrian}, title = {The Spiritual "Freelancers": Young People, Religiosity and Community Problem Solving}, series = {SCIENTIA MORALITAS - International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research}, volume = {2020}, journal = {SCIENTIA MORALITAS - International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research}, number = {Volume 5, no. 1}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.3959810}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9268}, pages = {131 -- 152}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Earlier research showed that religion is related to participation among adolescents. It emphasized the effects of belonging (affiliation to groups and traditions) on community service among Western populations. This article takes one step further and focuses on religiosity as a potential motivation for community problem solving during adolescence and young adulthood, in the Eastern European Orthodox cultural setting. Data comes from several semistructured interviews with participants in a civic project conducted in the city of Timisoara (Romania). Findings indicated a low impact of the social religious component on engagement. The cognitive dimension of belief and the emotional bonding (prayer, ritual connection to the higher reality) function as indirect motivators, through the moral element of behavior. Results also showed a privatization of spiritual life at young adults (the invisible religion): estrangement from doctrines and the development of an individualistic type of morality, meant to drive volunteer activities further.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Rosowski2016, author = {Rosowski, Udo}, title = {Arme sterben fr{\"u}her}, series = {Analysen zur sozialen Ungleichheit}, booktitle = {Analysen zur sozialen Ungleichheit}, publisher = {literates Verlag Druck Medien GbR}, address = {Br{\"u}ggen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9031}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {90 Seiten}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Im Rahmen einer Untersuchung des Bergarbeiterverh{\"a}ltnisse im 19. Jh. wurde festgestellt, dass der Invalidit{\"a}tseintritt in immer j{\"u}ngeren Jahren erfolgte. Auch die Sterblichkeit stieg mit den Jahren. Dies f{\"u}hrte zu der {\"U}berlegung, ob nicht nur die Arbeitsbedingungen Ursache der Fr{\"u}hinvalidit{\"a}t und h{\"o}heren Morbidit{\"a}t sind, sondern allein die Tatsache, zu einer bestimmten Bev{\"o}lkerungsschicht zu geh{\"o}ren. Da dies ex post f{\"u}r die fragliche Zeit schwer nachzuvollziehen war, wurde untersucht, ob auch in heutiger Zeit Krankheit und Morbidit{\"a}t von der gesellschaftlichen Stellung abh{\"a}ngig sein k{\"o}nnte.}, subject = {Soziale Ungleichheit}, language = {de} } @book{Rosowski2017, author = {Rosowski, Udo}, title = {Die NPD: Verfassungsfeindlich und doch legal? Kritische Anmerkungen zum NPD-Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts 2017}, publisher = {Grin Verlag}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-66842509-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9054}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {41 Seiten}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Das Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts von 2017 {\"u}ber das beantragte Verbotsverfahren der NPD hat zu einigem Unverst{\"a}ndnis gesorgt. In dem Aufsatz wird die Begr{\"u}ndung des Gerichts analysiert und mit dem damaligen KPD-Verbot verglichen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Schiebelsberger2022, author = {Schiebelsberger, Agathe}, title = {Lehrerpers{\"o}nlichkeit durch Selbstwirksamkeit}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11129}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {319 Seiten}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Forschungsfrage: Im Zentrum der Forschungsbem{\"u}hungen steht die Lehrerpers{\"o}nlichkeit, welche durch die Selbstwirksamkeit als Eigenschaft beschrieben werden soll. Methodik: Als Methode wird die qualitative Analyse der Hermeneutik verwendet. Dabei werden Begriffe und Modelle zur Lehrerpers{\"o}nlichkeit und Selbstwirksamkeit erl{\"a}utert und in ihrer Bedeutung f{\"u}r das p{\"a}dagogische Handeln erschlossen. Ergebnis: Selbstwirksamkeit ist eine unbedingt notwendige pers{\"o}nliche Ressource, die regulierend auf kognitive, emotionale, motivationale und selektive Prozesse einwirkt und Entwicklungsprozesse unterst{\"u}tzt. Dennoch sind der Selbstwirksamkeit Grenzen gesetzt, so dass diese nicht als hinreichend f{\"u}r die Beschreibung der gesamten Lehrerpers{\"o}nlichkeit angesehen werden kann. Wie die zunehmende Beanspruchung auf die Lehrerpers{\"o}nlichkeit wirkt, wird durch die Belastungsforschung dargelegt. Abgesehen von begrifflichen Kontroversen ist die berufliche Selbstwirksamkeit entscheidend f{\"u}r die Bew{\"a}ltigung schwieriger Situationen. Auch in der Lehrerbildung wird die Bedeutung der Lehrerselbstwirksamkeit hervorgehoben. Neben Einflussm{\"o}glichkeiten im schulischen Rahmen stehen Ansatzpunkte im Mittelpunkt, die bei der Lehrerpers{\"o}nlichkeit ansetzen und durch sie aktiv unterst{\"u}tzt werden k{\"o}nnen. Zudem wird versucht, aus dem Erkenntnisgewinn Konsequenzen f{\"u}r die Rekrutierung und Ausbildung der Lehramtsstudenten abzuleiten und bildungspolitische Anspr{\"u}che zu formulieren, da ein gewisses Maß an Selbstwirksamkeit zu den Mindestvoraussetzungen f{\"u}r den beruflichen Erfolgt geh{\"o}rt.}, language = {de} } @misc{Graef2020, author = {Gr{\"a}f, Dennis}, title = {Mediensemiotik in der Lehrer*innenbildung}, issn = {2364-9224}, doi = {10.15475/skms.2019.2.3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10924}, pages = {51 -- 97}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In den aktuellen Lehrpl{\"a}nen aller deutschen Bundesl{\"a}nder f{\"u}r die Sekundarstufe im Fach Deutsch ist die Kompetenz im Umgang mit Medien ein integrativer Bestandteil. Wenn sich auch die einzelnen Bundesl{\"a}nder hinsichtlich einer konkreten Definition des Feldes der Medienkompetenz unterscheiden, so ist die grunds{\"a}tzliche Relevanz einer Medienkompetenz im Sinne eines reflektierten Umgangs mit medialen Produkten deutlich herauszulesen. Dabei darf es allerdings nicht, wie es die meisten Lehrpl{\"a}ne auch explizit herausstellen, bei der Kompetenz im Umgang mit mobilen Endger{\"a}ten belassen werden, vielmehr wird h{\"a}ufig der Konstruktionscharakter medialer Produkte benannt, den es zu rekonstruieren und zu hinterfragen gilt. Ziel muss dabei sein, Medienkonsument*innen auf dem Weg zu m{\"u}ndigen Mediennutzer*innen zu begleiten. In meinem Beitrag geht es um die prinzipielle Leistung und Funktion der Mediensemiotik als einer medien{\"u}bergreifenden Herangehensweise in der Lehrer*innenbildung, weil es der schulische Umgang mit jeglicher Art von Medien ist, der einen dringenden Handlungsbedarf hervorruft.}, subject = {Kultursemiotik}, language = {de} } @misc{Sieber2020, author = {Sieber, Andrea}, title = {Tristan auf der Spur. Detektivische Zug{\"a}nge zu mittelalterlicher Literatur}, issn = {2364-9224}, doi = {10.15475/skms.2019.2.2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10915}, pages = {15 -- 49}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Diese Beobachtungen m{\"o}chte ich zum Ausgangspunkt nehmen, die im Tristan-Roman verhandelten Zeichenkomplexe unter dem Gesichtspunkt einer Semiose des Mehrdeutigen n{\"a}her zu beleuchten. Zun{\"a}chst r{\"u}cke ich daf{\"u}r die epistemologische Figur der "Spur" in den Fokus, um dann in einem zweiten Schritt deren semiotische Funktionalisierung anhand exemplarischer Szenen der Manipulation, des Erkennens und Verkennens herauszuarbeiten. Die auf diese Weise nachgezeichnete innertextuelle Semiose soll anschließend didaktisch f{\"u}r detektivische Zug{\"a}nge zu mittelalterlicher Literatur produktiv gemacht werden, wobei ein besonderer Akzent auf dem medialen Transfer und dem Einsatz digitalisierter Handschriften aus dem Mittelalter liegen wird.}, subject = {Kultursemiotik}, language = {de} } @misc{Harnisch2020, author = {Harnisch, R{\"u}diger}, title = {Die Sch{\"a}rfung des semiotischen Blicks auf das sprachliche Zeichen. Zug{\"a}nge zu seinem Verst{\"a}ndnis in der Hochschullehre}, issn = {2364-9224}, doi = {10.15475/skms.2019.2.5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10989}, pages = {123 -- 150}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll es darum gehen, die Grundeigenschaften, die das sprachliche Zeichen definieren, vom Gegenstand eines nur deklarativen Wissens durch die Erzeugung produktiver Irritation auf die Ebene des Verstehens zu heben. Vor einer linguistischen Professionalisierung ist das muttersprachliche Zeichen f{\"u}r Angeh{\"o}rige einer Sprachgemeinschaft n{\"a}mlich keineswegs "bilateral", stellt sich die Frage seiner "Motiviertheit" nicht, ist seine "Konventionalit{\"a}t" selbstverst{\"a}ndlich.}, subject = {Kultursemiotik}, language = {de} } @misc{DickSeefried2020, author = {Dick, Mirjam and Seefried, Romina}, title = {De-Fragmentierung in der Deutschlehrer*innenbildung. Herausforderungen und Potenziale interdisziplin{\"a}rer Lehre zur Vermittlung literarischer Kompetenz}, issn = {2364-9224}, doi = {10.15475/skms.2019.2.6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11005}, pages = {151 -- 178}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Im Folgenden wird zun{\"a}chst beschrieben, auf welcher fachwissenschaftlichen Grundlage das Modell Literarischer Kompetenz nach Schilcher/Pissarek fußt. Davon ausgehend werden anschließend die Potenziale der Literatursemiotik sowohl f{\"u}r die hochschulische Lehre als auch f{\"u}r den Deutschunterricht beleuchtet. In einem weiteren Abschnitt werden die drei im Rahmen der Passauer Kooperation zwischen Literatursemiotik und Literaturdidaktik erprobten Vernetzungsmodelle einander gegen{\"u}bergestellt. Um diese zu differenzieren, wird zun{\"a}chst ein {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber das jeweilige Veranstaltungskonzept gegeben, woraufhin in einem zweiten Schritt die Art der De-Fragmentierung erl{\"a}utert wird, was schließlich in eine Skizzierung der Seminargestaltung m{\"u}ndet, um abschließend auf Grundlage zentraler Evaluationsergebnisse ein Gesamtfazit ziehen zu k{\"o}nnen.}, subject = {Kultursemiotik}, language = {de} } @misc{KnappSeefried2020, author = {Knapp, Dorothe and Seefried, Romina}, title = {Semiotische Impulse f{\"u}r die Gestaltung von Bildungsr{\"a}umen. Theoretische Reflexion und praktische Gestaltungsaspekte einer Mediothek f{\"u}r Kinder zur F{\"o}rderung von Literacy}, issn = {2364-9224}, doi = {10.15475/skms.2019.2.8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11049}, pages = {201 -- 222}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Dieser Beitrag zeigt, welche Impulse die Semiotik im Zusammenspiel mit der Kunstp{\"a}dagogik f{\"u}r die Gestaltung von Bildungsr{\"a}umen auf theoretisch-reflexiver und praktischer Ebene geben kann. Am Beispiel der im Rahmen einer universit{\"a}ren Lehrveranstaltung durchgef{\"u}hrten konzeptionellen Gestaltung einer Mediothek f{\"u}r Kinder vom Kindergarten- bis zum Grundschulalter wird in diesem Beitrag das f{\"u}r die (Literatur-)Semiotik zentrale Konzept des Raumes von seinem germanistischen Fachbezug gel{\"o}st, mit kunstp{\"a}dagogischen Impulsen verwoben und zu einer f{\"a}cher{\"u}bergreifenden Reflexion {\"u}ber Bildungsr{\"a}ume hin erweitert. Das diesem Dreischritt {\"u}bergeordnete und f{\"u}r die Entwicklung der Mediothek als Leitidee angewandte Konzept der (Information and Media) Literacy ist sowohl f{\"u}r die Germanistik als auch f{\"u}r die Kunstp{\"a}dagogik zentral. Zun{\"a}chst werden daher ausgehend von einer literatursemiotischen Betrachtung des Raumes als Denkeinheit und Beschreibungskategorie semiotische Aspekte des Literacy-Konzepts herausgearbeitet. Anschließend wird die universit{\"a}re Lehrveranstaltung als Erfahrungsraum f{\"u}r (Information Media) Literacy beschrieben.}, subject = {Kultursemiotik}, language = {de} } @misc{KnappZimmermann2020, author = {Knapp, Dorothe and Zimmermann, Amelie}, title = {Raumsemantische Grenzen. Ein interdisziplin{\"a}res k{\"u}nstlerisches Projekt f{\"u}r die Lehrer*innenbildung}, issn = {2364-9224}, doi = {10.15475/skms.2019.2.4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10941}, pages = {99 -- 121}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Dieser Beitrag illustriert die Potenziale einer semiotischen Perspektive bei der Schaffung von Erfahrungsr{\"a}umen f{\"u}r Information and Media Literacy. Am Beispiel eines Projektseminars zum Thema Grenzen, das im Sommersemester 2017 an der Universit{\"a}t Passau im Rahmen des vom BMBF gef{\"o}rderten Projekts SKILL stattfand, wird gleichzeitig interdisziplin{\"a}res Arbeiten durch den Verbund von Mediensemiotik und Kunstp{\"a}dagogik veranschaulicht. Im Seminar entstanden bei freier Medienwahl k{\"u}nstlerische Arbeiten, die im Rahmenprogramm des Kongresses der deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Semiotik e.V. Grenzen: Kontakt, Kommunikation, Kontrast 2017 in Kooperation mit dem Kunstverein Passau e.V. ausgestellt wurden. Das Projektseminar wird im Folgenden zun{\"a}chst in den Rahmen der Relevanz von Information and Media Literacy f{\"u}r die Lehrer*innenbildung und der Entwicklung entsprechender Lehrformate an der Universit{\"a}t Passau eingebettet. Anschließend wird es mit Bezug auf seine semiotische Grundlage in didaktischen und methodischen {\"U}berlegungen umfassend dargestellt, um einen Eindruck davon zu vermitteln, welche M{\"o}glichkeiten die Verschr{\"a}nkung beider Disziplinen f{\"u}r das Erkunden medialer Konstruktivit{\"a}t bereith{\"a}lt.}, subject = {Kultursemiotik}, language = {de} } @misc{ScheubeckKnottSchilcher2020, author = {Scheubeck, Teresa and Knott, Christina and Schilcher, Anita}, title = {Zu jeder Aufgabe die richtige Strategie? Zum Stellenwert literarischer Strategien f{\"u}r Aufgaben im kompetenzorientierten Literaturunterricht}, issn = {2364-9224}, doi = {10.15475/skms.2019.2.7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11022}, pages = {179 -- 199}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Im folgenden Text sollen diese zwei grundlegenden Herausforderungen f{\"u}r den Literaturunterricht fokussiert werden: Einerseits geht es um eine h{\"o}here Zielbewusstheit, also darum, dass die Lernenden wissen, welche Ziele sie im Literaturunterricht erreichen sollen und welche Kriterien f{\"u}r das Erreichen dieser Ziele erf{\"u}llt werden m{\"u}ssen. Auf der anderen Seite werden Strategien beschrieben, die f{\"u}r die Zielerreichung angewendet werden k{\"o}nnen und mit denen ein Fortschritt im Lernprozess erreicht werden kann. Theoretische Grundlage f{\"u}r diese Strategien bildet das semiotische Modell literarischer Kompetenz von Schilcher/Pissarek (Hrsg.).}, subject = {Kultursemiotik}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Dause2021, author = {Dause, Marina}, title = {Turkestan als Raum des M{\"o}glichen. Die Auswanderung der russisch-ukrainischen und deutsch-mennonitischen Bauern nach Mittelasien im Russl{\"a}ndischen Reich zwischen 1867 und 1916. Eine kulturhistorische Perspektive}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9102}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {364 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Als Ende des 19. und Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts die ersten Bauernsiedler nach Mittelasien, in Russlands neu erobertes Gebiet kamen, darunter pr{\"a}gend viele deutsche Mennoniten, bestimmten sie von nun an die weitere Entwicklung der Region entscheidend mit. Nichtsdestotrotz sind sie im Schatten der Erfolge der milit{\"a}rischen Eroberung und im Schatten der sowjetischen Periode zu den „toten Seelen" der Kolonisationsgeschichte schlechthin geworden. Betrachtet als ein mehrdimensionales soziales Ph{\"a}nomen offenbart die Migration nach Turkestan ein kultur{\"u}bergreifendes Ziel der b{\"a}uerlichen Gemeinschaftsbildung, in dem kulturspezifische Deutungs- und Sinnbildungsprozesse vonstatten gingen. Zahlreiche b{\"a}uerliche Projektionen des als richtig angesehenen Lebens im Rahmen der angestrebten Beheimatung liefen zum b{\"a}uerlichen Imaginationsraum zusammen. Die bisher in der Literatur einseitig mit religi{\"o}sen Motiven erkl{\"a}rte Mennoniten-Auswanderung ist ebenfalls die Folge dieser Erscheinungen. Die b{\"a}uerlichen Erwartungen konnten sich keinesfalls alle erf{\"u}llen, aber sie {\"u}bten eine reale Wirkung auf die neue Heimat aus: sie bildeten durchaus einen Hintergrund f{\"u}r den Aufstand der indigenen Bev{\"o}lkerung von 1916, machten aber gleichwohl Turkestan zum Raum des M{\"o}glichen, einem stabilen Narrativ, das noch bis in die 30er Jahre der Sowjetzeiten hineinwirkte.}, language = {de} } @book{Hohlfeld, author = {Hohlfeld, Ralf}, title = {Fake News und Desinformation}, editor = {Hohlfeld, Ralf}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-8487-6013-8}, doi = {10.5771/9783748901334}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2020102403122431148876}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {361 Seiten}, abstract = {Desinformation ist eine Konstante der politischen Kommunikation. Doch mit der Wahl Donald Trumps zum Pr{\"a}sidenten der Vereinigten Staaten und der Brexit-Abstimmung in Großbritannien erhielten bewusst lancierte Falschnachrichten eine neue gesellschaftliche Bedeutung. Denn nun wurde sichtbar, welche Wirkungen Falschmeldungen f{\"u}r demokratische Systeme haben. Der Band geht diesem Ph{\"a}nomen auf den Grund, indem er herausarbeitet, was "Fake News" sind. Er geht der Frage nach, wie, warum und von wem sie eingesetzt werden und reflektiert, was man gesellschaftlich und pers{\"o}nlich dagegen tun kann. Das Buch gibt zu diesem Zweck einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber den aktuellen Stand der empirischen Forschung zu Fake News und Desinformation, besonders mit Blick auf deren Verbreitung, Erkennbarkeit und Wirksamkeit. Zugleich diskutiert er in einer Mischung aus Essays, theoretischen Er{\"o}rterungen und empirischen Studien die Herausforderungen von Desinformation f{\"u}r unsere Gesellschaft und beleuchtet so das Thema von allen Seiten.}, subject = {Falschmeldung}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Soubeiga2021, author = {Soubeiga, Sidiki}, title = {Four empirical essays on the role of institutional quality, political instability and entrepreneurship for economic growth and jobs in Sub-Saharan Africa}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10326}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {6 ungez{\"a}hlte Seiten, x, 279 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Most Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries experienced sound economic growth and a declining rate of poverty over the last two decades. Though, by far, the SSA region remains the poorest in the world and faces tremendous political, social, and economic challenges. Moreover, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, SSA entered into a recession with a GDP growth rate of minus 5\% in 2020 as ever recorded over 25 years. This has also induced an increase in poverty in the region, which adds up to the structural challenges and further highlight the need of sound policies to address economic growth, governance, jobs, and poverty for the region to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2030 and beyond. This thesis examines the effects of institutional quality, political instability, and a government targeted entrepreneurship program on the accumulation of human, physical, and financial capital by households and firms. In the literature, these factors are identified as the key determinants of economic growth and job creation, yet this thesis contributes to a knowledge gap, especially at the microeconomic level, on how households and firms accumulate these factors in the presence of weak institutional quality, political instability, and government targeted entrepreneurship programs. In particular, this thesis investigates heterogeneity as well as a single country study of the effects of institutional quality and political instability; it also employs a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess the impacts of two different targeted entrepreneurship support programs; and finally, it taps on data from this field experiment to assess the performance of two different targeting mechanisms for selecting growth-oriented entrepreneurs. Each paper is self-contained and three among the four papers were written with co-authors. The first paper assesses the effects of institutional quality and political instability on household assets and human capital accumulation in 19 Sub-Saharan African countries for the period 2003-16. In this paper, the concept of instability is enlarged to include factual instability as measured by the number of political violence and civil unrest events, perceived instability as measured by the perceptions of the quality of institutions by households, and the interplay between factual and perceived instability. Contrary to most previous analyses, this paper takes into account household wealth distribution to show how the effects of political instability differ for poor vs. rich households. For identification, I exploit the variation of factual and perceived instability across 185 administrative regions in the 19 countries. My regressions control for a large range of confounding factors measured at the levels of households, regions, and countries. Overall, factual and perceived instability are associated with higher investments in assets, and factual instability is also associated with more investment in house improvements, yet it is negatively associated with the ownership of financial accounts. With regard to the heterogeneous effects, increased factual or perceived instability is associated with more investments in physical capital but less investments in financial and human capital among rich households, and with less investments in physical, financial and human capital among poor households. These findings suggest that political instability might enhance the accumulation of wealth by rich households and reduce that of poor households, implying that the detrimental effects of political instability have lasting consequences for poor households, especially when poor households are exposed to an actual or even just perceived deteriorating quality of the country's institutions. The second paper, written with Nicolas B{\"u}ttner and Michael Grimm, analyzes households' investments in assets and their consumption, and education and health expenditures when exposed to actual instability as measured by the number of political violence and protest events in Burkina Faso. There is a large, rather macroeconomic, literature that shows that political instability and social conflict are associated with poor economic outcomes including lower investment and reduced economic growth. However, there is only very little research on the impact of instability on households' behavior, in particular their saving and investment decisions. This paper merges six rounds of household survey data and a geo-referenced time series of politically motivated events and fatalities from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data project (ACLED) to analyze households' decisions when exposed to instability in Burkina Faso. For identification, the paper exploits variation in the intensity of political instability across time and space while controlling for time-effects and municipality fixed effects as well as rainfall and nighttime light intensity, and many other potential confounders. The results show a negative effect of political instability on financial savings, the accumulation of durables, investment in house improvements, as well as on investment in education and health. Instability seems, in particular, to lead to a reshuffling from investment expenditures to increased food consumption, implying lower growth prospects in the future. With respect to economic growth, the sizable education and health effects seem to be particularly worrisome. The third paper, written with Michael Grimm and Michael Weber, employs a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess the short-term effects of a government support program targeted at already existing and new firms located in a semi-urban area in Burkina Faso. Most support programs targeted at small firms in low- and middle-income countries fail to generate transformative effects and employment at a larger scale. Bad targeting, too little flexibility and the limited size of the support are some of the factors that are often seen as important constraints. This paper assesses the short-term effects of a randomized targeted government support program to a pool of small and medium-sized firms that have been selected based on a rigorous business plan competition (BPC). One group received large cash grants of up to US\$8,000, flexible in use. A second group received cash grants of an equally important size, but earmarked to business development services (BDSs) and thus less flexible and with a required own contribution of 20\%. A third group serves as a control group. All firms operate in agri-business or related activities in a semi-urban area in the Centre-Est and Centre-Sud regions of Burkina Faso. An assessment of the short-term impacts shows that beneficiaries of cash grants engage in better business practices, such as formalization and bookkeeping. They also invest more, though, this does not translate into higher profits and employment yet. Beneficiaries of cash grants and BDSs show a higher ability to innovate. The results also show that cash grants cushioned the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic for the beneficiaries. More generally, this study adds to the thin literature on support programs implemented in a fragile-state context. The fourth paper, written with Michael Weber, examines the selection of entrepreneurs based on expert judgments for a BPC in Burkina Faso. To support job creation in developing countries, governments allocate significant funds to a typically small number of new or already existing micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) that are growth oriented. Increasingly, these enterprises are picked through BPCs where thematic experts are asked to make the selection. So far, there exists contrasting and limited evidence on the effectiveness and efficiency of these expert judgments for screening growth-oriented entrepreneurs among contestants in BPCs. Alternative or complementary approaches such as evaluation and selection algorithms are discussed in the literature but evidence on their performance is thin. This paper uses a principal component analysis (PCA) to build a metric for comparing the performance of these alternative mechanisms for targeting entrepreneurs with high potential to grow. The results show expert subjectivity bias in judging contestant entrepreneurs. The paper finds that the scores from the expert judgment and those from the algorithm perform similarly well for picking the top-ranked or talented entrepreneurs. It also finds that both types of scores have predictive power, i.e. have statistically significantly associated with 17 firm performance outcomes measured 10 or 34 months after the BPC started. Yet, the predictive power, as measured by the magnitude of the regression coefficients, is higher for the algorithm metric, even when it is considered jointly with expert judgment scores. Despite the statistical superiority of the algorithm, expert assessments at least through pitches of entrepreneurs have proved useful in many settings where free-riding or misuse of public funds may occur. Hence, efficiency and precision could be achieved by relying on a reasoned combination of expert judgments and an algorithm for targeting growth-oriented entrepreneurs. These four papers bring new insights on the relationship between weak institutions, political instability, and targeted government support to entrepreneurship for increasing the accumulation of financial, physical, and human capital, and productivity. And these are the key factors for spurring economic growth and creating jobs in SSA. These findings suggest that efficient institutions building in SSA countries would enhance citizen perceptions of good governance which would reduce political instability and enable households including the poor to accumulate productive assets, increase their productivity and reduce poverty. The findings also suggest that targeted government entrepreneurship support programs, e.g. in the forms of cash grants with monitored disbursements yet flexible in use, can enhance firms' human capital, productive assets, and innovations, even in the short term. Moreover, the targeting mechanism of such programs could be made more effective and efficient by relying on a combinaison of expert judgments and an algorithm for picking growth-oriented entrepreneurs.}, subject = {Subsaharisches Afrika}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Raabe2021, author = {Raabe, Lukas Bernhard}, title = {"Also eindeutig M{\"a}rtyrertum!" Dimensionen von Pers{\"o}nlichkeit in der sp{\"a}tsozialistischen Sinnwelt. Fallgeschichten in der sp{\"a}ten DDR.}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10391}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {212 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In meiner Dissertationsschrift schlage ich vor, gesellschaftliche - auf einer Mikroebene der sp{\"a}tsozialistischen Gesellschaft der DDR liegende - Interaktionsprozesse durch das analytische Visier des Konzeptes Pers{\"o}nlichkeit und seiner Dimensionen zu lesen und zu dechiffrieren. Dabei gehe ich davon aus, dass jene Dimensionen in Form von lebensgeschichtlichen Motiven, W{\"u}nschen und Ideologemen sowie normativen Forderungen und Bewertungen im Zentrum dieser Interaktionen standen und innerhalb der sp{\"a}tsozialistischen Sinnwelt (zum Begriff vgl. Kapitel 1.2.1; Sabrow 2007) pr{\"a}gend wurden. Gest{\"u}tzt wird dieser Ansatz durch die Tatsache, dass Pers{\"o}nlichkeit ein zentrales innersystemisches Diskursmotiv des Sp{\"a}tsozialismus war und den diskursiv konstruierten offiziellen Gesellschaftsentwurf pr{\"a}gte (Kapitel 2). Als Teil der „Erziehungsdiktatur" (Dietrich 2018: S. XXIX) pr{\"a}gte die Figur der sozialistischen Pers{\"o}nlichkeit die ideologischen Diskurse der DDR. Vor diesem Hintergrund widme ich mich vier Fallstudien (Kapitel 3), in denen ich von mir erhobene narrativ-biografische Interviews mit vier Zeitzeugen sowie die zu diesen Personen durch das MfS gef{\"u}hrten Vorg{\"a}nge als verflochtene, konkurrierende und interagierende Narrationen lese (zur Methode vgl. Kapitel 1.2.1-1.2.4). Was diese Analysen deutlich zeigen, ist, dass sich in den einzelnen F{\"a}llen spezifische, sinn- und lebensweltlich eingebundene Konflikte und Interaktionsprozesse kondensierten, die ihrerseits Dimensionen von Pers{\"o}nlichkeit semantisierten oder aber auf deren Grundlage gef{\"u}hrt wurden. Innerhalb der sinn- und lebensweltlichen Verflechtungen rezipierten die verschiedenen Akteur*innen (meine Gespr{\"a}chspartner, ihre Freund*innen, staatliche Organe) die unterschiedlichen Referenzsysteme und diskursiven Einfl{\"u}sse und zogen daraus entsprechende Konsequenzen f{\"u}r das eigene Handeln, eigene Ideen, W{\"u}nsche und Normen. In unterschiedlichen Auspr{\"a}gungen und Formen artikulierten sie diese sinnweltlichen Verarbeitungen und traten so in kommunikative und performative Interaktionsprozesse, die wiederum das sinnweltliche Gef{\"u}ge beeinflussten, da sie rezipiert wurden respektive sogar rezipiert werden sollten. Im Zentrum dieser Prozesse stand das Ideal kollektivistisch denkender, mitarbeitender und engagierter sozialistischer Pers{\"o}nlichkeiten. Alle vier Herren betrieben auf ihre jeweils spezifische Weise die Dekonstruktion dieses Ideals und wurden dabei durch die staatlichen Organe sprachlich bewertet, kriminalisiert, exkludiert oder vereinnahmt. Das Studium der vier Fallgeschichten zeigt auf: Die staatlichen Akteur*innen, vor allem aber ihre kommunikativen Strategien, ihr Sprachgebrauch waren nicht in der Lage eine tats{\"a}chlich qualitative Erfassung zu bieten. Vielmehr wurden sprachliche Baus{\"a}tze genutzt, die jede Abweichung, jedes nicht-sozialistische Verhalten von Pers{\"o}nlichkeiten als Defizit stigmatisierten und gerade dadurch die eigene Inad{\"a}quatheit und somit die {\"U}berforderung der staatlichen Organe offenbarten. Die Dynamik des Sp{\"a}tsozialismus konnten sie deshalb sprachlich nicht mehr vereinnahmen. So bietet die vorliegende Arbeit einen weiteren Einblick in den Wesenskern der sp{\"a}tsozialistischen, diktatorischen Herrschaft in der DDR.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Schmid2021, author = {Schmid, Matthias}, title = {Towards Storing 3D Model Graphs in Relational Databases}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10353}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {243 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The increasing relevance of massive graph data reinforces the need for adequate graph data management. While several graph database engines have been developed, the storage of graph data in a relational database management system, and therefore the seamless integration into existing information systems remains an open challenge. Motivated by the use case to integrate Building Information Modeling (BIM) data into the MonArch system, we propose a solution that transforms the BIM data into a property graph and stores this graph in the database system. We present a novel approach to efficiently store property graph data in a relational database management system using JSON functionality and redundant storage of edges in adjacency lists and show how to import huge data sets into this schema. Applying this approach, we import data sets of up to nearly 1 TB of disk space within the relational database, while only having 96 GB of main memory available. We also present a new approach of how to retrieve data from this database schema, translating queries written in the popular property graph query language Cypher into SQL. Hence, we provide an intuitive way to write semantically complex queries. We also demonstrate the efficiency of our approach using the standardized Linked Data Benchmark Council - Social Network Benchmark (LDBC - SNB) framework. Our approach increases the throughput for this benchmark by up to 85 times, compared to existing approaches for RDBMS. In addition, we propose a new method to transform BIM data into the property graph model and how to apply the aforementioned property graph storage to this data. We can import IFC models of up to 300 MB within five minutes. We show the suitability of our approach using our own use case specific benchmark, which we integrated into the previously mentioned Social Network Benchmark. For our interactive use case-specific queries, we achieve response times faster than 5 ms in 99\% of all executions. Finally, we present how the aforementioned approach to store BIM data in a relational database management system is integrated into the existing MonArch system by splitting the different functionalities of our approach into a microservice architecture.}, language = {en} } @article{HauptFritsch, author = {Haupt, Harry and Fritsch, Markus}, title = {Quantile Trend Regression and Its Application to Central England Temperature}, series = {Mathematics}, volume = {10}, journal = {Mathematics}, number = {3}, editor = {Rykov, Vladimir V.}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2227-7390}, doi = {10.3390/math10030413}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10382}, abstract = {The identification and estimation of trends in hydroclimatic time series remains an important task in applied climate research. The statistical challenge arises from the inherent nonlinearity, complex dependence structure, heterogeneity and resulting non-standard distributions of the underlying time series. Quantile regressions are considered an important modeling technique for such analyses because of their rich interpretation and their broad insensitivity to extreme distributions. This paper provides an asymptotic justification of quantile trend regression in terms of unknown heterogeneity and dependence structure and the corresponding interpretation. An empirical application sheds light on the relevance of quantile regression modeling for analyzing monthly Central England temperature anomalies and illustrates their various heterogenous trends. Our results suggest the presence of heterogeneities across the considered seasonal cycle and an increase in the relative frequency of observing unusually high temperatures.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schiffbeck2021, author = {Schiffbeck, Adrian}, title = {The influence of religious motivations on young people`s civic engagement}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10291}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {43 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {With respect to religious motivations for political participation and civic engagement, scholars have set their focus on social capital and the recruiting potential for volunteers inside religious communities. Less attention has been paid to individual religious impulses, but also to reasons for which people step out from deliberative processes, especially in regard to the Eastern European Orthodox cultural context. We are approaching this under-explored research field in this dissertation, with focus on the Romanian city of Timișoara, and look at three particular aspects: the influence of religious perceptions on political protests (analysis of the 1989 revolution), the manner in which religion motivates young people to volunteer (view on a local community project) and factors determining people to retreat from public engagement (analysis of citizens` local committees). The research methods are qualitative - interviews, group discussions and analytical interpretation. Results show that non- or less religious young people are encouraged to protest by an indefinable supernatural force and motivated by moral interests (need for dignity and a fair treatment / procedural justice), more than material ones (distributive justice). When engaging in the community, the impulse partially comes from an intrinsic spirituality and a privatized experience with the divine. Giving up civic engagement has nothing to do with remuneration, but with the need for freedom of expression and moral appreciation.}, subject = {Rum{\"a}nien}, language = {en} } @article{Schiedermair2021, author = {Schiedermair, Stephanie}, title = {Das Recht auf Vergessenwerden zwischen Luxemburg, Straßburg, Karlsruhe und der Welt}, series = {Abschlussmagazin des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1681/2 "Privatheit \& Digitalisierung"}, journal = {Abschlussmagazin des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1681/2 "Privatheit \& Digitalisierung"}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10229}, pages = {66 -- 70}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Stephanie Schiedermair befasst sich aus internationaler Perspektive mit dem ›Recht auf Vergessenwerden‹ und nimmt dabei die weltweite Rezeption, die Unterschiede nationaler Rechtsordnungen und die vielf{\"a}ltigen Herausforderungen mit in den Blick. Sie diskutiert die weltweiten Auswirkungen des Google Spain Urteils und geht der Frage nach, wie darauffolgende Gerichtsentscheidungen und Gesetzgebungsprozesse das Spannungsfeld von Erinnern und Vergessen im Internet balancieren zu versuchen.}, language = {de} } @article{MuellerTerpitz2021, author = {M{\"u}ller-Terpitz, Ralf}, title = {Mediale {\"O}ffentlichkeit vs. Schutz der Privatheit - Juristische Grenzverschiebungen durch die Digitalisierung?}, series = {Abschlussmagazin des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1681/2 "Privatheit \& Digitalisierung"}, journal = {Abschlussmagazin des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1681/2 "Privatheit \& Digitalisierung"}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10232}, pages = {71 -- 76}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Weil private Vorg{\"a}nge und sensible Informationen im Internet immer auch in {\"o}ffentliche Kontexte gelangen und dort potenziell dauerhaft verf{\"u}gbar sein k{\"o}nnen, hat das Netz die Rechtsprechung von Beginn an vor schwierige Abw{\"a}gungsentscheidungen gestellt: zwischen dem Recht auf Privatheit und jenem auf Information und Kommunikation. In welche Richtung das Pendel der Rechtsprechung in den vergangenen Jahren ausschlug, hat Ralf M{\"u}ller-Terpitz untersucht und dabei eine klare Tendenz ausgemacht.}, language = {de} } @article{Krafka2021, author = {Krafka, Alexander}, title = {Einigkeit und Recht und Sicherheit - Das Sicherheitsdispositiv als aktuelles Paradigma der Privatheitskultur}, series = {Abschlussmagazin des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1681/2 "Privatheit \& Digitalisierung"}, journal = {Abschlussmagazin des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1681/2 "Privatheit \& Digitalisierung"}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-10213}, pages = {62 -- 65}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Was haben Freiheit, Gleichheit und Sicherheit mit Sex, Drugs and Rock 'n' Roll zu tun? Unter anderem dieser Frage geht Alexander Krafka in seinem Beitrag nach. Anhand der Elemente dreier Trinit{\"a}ten untersucht der Jurist, was es bedeuten k{\"o}nnte, wenn sich eine Gesellschaftsordnung dem Sicherheitsparadigma verschreibt. Er deckt dabei die gleichsam paradoxe Konsequenz auf, dass Sicherheit ebendies, was sie zu sch{\"u}tzen vorgibt, immer auch in Gefahr bringen kann: n{\"a}mlich die Freiheit. Und damit auch die Privatheit.}, language = {de} } @book{Hofmann2021, author = {Hofmann, Kai}, title = {Assistenzsysteme in der Industrie 4.0}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-7489-2514-9}, doi = {10.5771/9783748925149}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9287}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {629 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Das Werk widmet sich der Arbeit in der Industrie 4.0, einer Entwicklung, bei der alle realen Prozesse in der Fabrik digital erfassen und so noch st{\"a}rker automatisiert werden sollen. F{\"u}r die Besch{\"a}ftigten bringt dies Chancen, es droht aber auch Dequalifizierung und umfassende {\"U}berwachung. Im Arbeitsrecht werden deswegen die rechtliche Bindungskraft der menschengerechten Gestaltung der Arbeit und die Mensch-Maschine-Kollaboration untersucht. Im Datenschutz steht die Frage im Mittelpunkt, inwiefern die effiziente Organisation der Arbeit eine intensive Datenverarbeitung rechtfertigt. Dazu wird in Abgrenzung beider Rechtsgebiete ein neuer L{\"o}sungsansatz vorgestellt, abgeleitet aus dem Zusammenspiel deutscher und europ{\"a}ischer Grundrechte.}, subject = {Deutschland}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Seidl2022, author = {Seidl, Michael}, title = {"Weg und Wegbegleitung" - Herausforderungen f{\"u}r Betroffene nach der Hochwasserkatastrophe vom 1. Juni 2016 im Landkreis Rottal-Inn und psychosoziale Begleitung durch die BRK-Flutnachsorge aus ressourcen- und beziehungsorientierter Perspektive}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11513}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xvi, 443 Seiten}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Am 1. Juni 2016 sorgten sintflutartige Regenf{\"a}lle im Landkreis Rottal-Inn f{\"u}r eine Hochwassersituation noch nie gekannten Ausmaßes. Innerhalb weniger Minuten entwickelten sich kleine B{\"a}che zu reißenden Str{\"o}men und zerst{\"o}rten Straßen, H{\"a}user und Autos. Hunderte Menschen verloren an diesem Tag alles Hab und Gut, sieben Menschen sogar das Leben. Im Nachgang dieser lebenspr{\"a}genden Ereignisse standen den Gesch{\"a}digten die Mitarbeitenden der BRK-Fluthilfe, ein psychosoziales Nachsorgeprojekt des Bayerischen Rotes Kreuzes, rund vier Jahre lang als Ansprechpartnerinnen und Ansprechpartner f{\"u}r s{\"a}mtliche Angelegenheiten rund um die Flutbew{\"a}ltigung zur Verf{\"u}gung. Die Dissertation wagt einen wissenschaftlich-empirischen Blick auf die psychischen, baulichen, finanziellen und gesellschaftlichen Aufgaben und Herausforderungen f{\"u}r die Betroffenen. Und fragt daran ankn{\"u}pfend nach der Betreuung und Begleitung durch die BRK-Nachsorgemitarbeitenden. Im Speziellen r{\"u}cken hierbei ressourcen- und beziehungsorientierte Fragestellungen in den Mittelpunkt. Mit Hilfe 21 inhaltsanalytisch ausgewerteter (qualitativer) Betroffeneninterviews gibt sie Auskunft {\"u}ber bedrohte oder verloren gegangene Ressourcen, {\"u}ber erforderliche Ressourceninvestitionen zur Abfederung der Ressourcenverluste und {\"u}ber die diesbez{\"u}glichen Unterst{\"u}tzungsleistungen durch die BRK-Fluthilfe. Theoretisch ist die Arbeit dabei in die Ressourcenkonservierungstheorie von Stevan E. Hobfoll eingefasst. Eine beziehungsorientierte Perspektive nimmt die Arbeit ein, wenn sie die entstandenen spezifischen Beziehungskonstellationen zwischen Betroffenen und BRK-Mitarbeitenden im Zuge der langj{\"a}hrigen Begleitung fokussiert. Es wird auf das unterschiedliche Verst{\"a}ndnis von Beziehungen in medizinisch-fach{\"a}rztlichen und psychosozialen Kontexten verwiesen und es wird auf die wesentlichen Erfordernisse professioneller Beziehungsgestaltung eingegangen. Zugleich wird dem inh{\"a}renten Spannungsfeld der Gleichzeitigkeit professioneller und pers{\"o}nlicher Beziehungsrollen und der erforderlichen Balance von N{\"a}he und Distanz Raum gegeben. Schlussendlich soll die Arbeit einen praxisnahen, wissenschaftlich fundierten Einblick in die professionelle psychosoziale Begleitung von Hochwasserbetroffenen geben und Interessierten oder beruflich Handelnden angesichts der zunehmenden Hochwasserevents in Deutschland erste Handlungsoptionen zur Verf{\"u}gung stellen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Loeffler2023, author = {L{\"o}ffler, Katharina}, title = {Preußen und das fr{\"u}he Risorgimento. Die italienische Einigungsbewegung 1815 - 1847/48 in der Korrespondenz preußischer Politiker und Diplomaten}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11920}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {353 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Doktorarbeit untersucht anhand umfangreichen Aktenmaterials die Sicht und die politische Reaktion der Großmacht Preußen auf die Entwicklung des fr{\"u}hen Risorgimento 1815 - 1847/48 in seiner grenz{\"u}berschreitenden Bedeutung. Grundlage der Betrachtung ist die chronologische Korrespondenz zwischen dem preußischen Ministerium der ausw{\"a}rtigen Angelegenheiten in Berlin und den f{\"u}r Italien zust{\"a}ndigen preußischen Gesandtschaften in Turin, Florenz, Rom, Neapel und Wien.}, subject = {Risorgimento}, language = {de} } @book{OPUS4-1233, title = {Gemeinsam}, editor = {Hartwig, Susanne}, publisher = {Peter Lang}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-631-86781-5}, doi = {10.3726/b19074}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12339}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {394 Seiten}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Kann die Gesellschaft die hermeneutische Ungerechtigkeit gegen{\"u}ber Menschen mit Lernbehinderungen abmildern? Wie stellen sich die europ{\"a}ischen Theater dieser Herausforderung? Wie k{\"o}nnen K{\"u}nstler mit Lernbehinderungen "eine Stimme haben"? Der vorliegende Band sucht in theoretischen Ans{\"a}tzen und in Interviews mit Regisseuren nach Antworten auf diese Fragen.}, language = {de} } @book{OPUS4-1234, title = {Sterblichkeit und Erinnerung}, series = {Thanatologische Studien}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Thanatologische Studien}, number = {Band 1}, editor = {Benkel, Thorsten}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Rombach Wissenschaft}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-96821-855-7}, doi = {10.5771/9783968218557}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12349}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {337 Seiten}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Wer von Erinnerung spricht, darf vom Tod nicht schweigen. Das Bewahren von Wissen, von Ereignissen, aber auch von Empfindungen usw. gewinnt gerade durch die prinzipielle Verg{\"a}nglichkeit des menschlichen Handelns seine Bedeutung. Die Erinnerung an die Lebenswelt Verstorbener ist deshalb keine authentische Dokumentation, sondern durch gesellschaftlich tradierte Konzepte des Erinnerns (oder auch Nicht-Erinnerns) vorgepr{\"a}gt. Vor diesem Hintergrund setzen sich die Beitr{\"a}ge dieses Bandes mit dem Verh{\"a}ltnis von Erinnerung und Vergangenheitsbezug im Spannungsfeld von Sterblichkeit, Tod und Gesellschaft auseinander. Mit Beitr{\"a}gen von Thorsten Benkel, Ekkehard Coenen, Oliver Dimbath, Jan Ferdinand, Carsten Heinze, Matthias Meitzler, Christoph Nienhaus, Melanie Pierburg, Sarah Peuten, Leonie Schmickler, Laura V{\"o}lkle, Lara Weiss und Nico Wettmann.}, subject = {Sterblichkeit}, language = {de} } @book{OPUS4-1190, title = {Jahrbuch f{\"u}r Tod und Gesellschaft 2022}, volume = {2022}, number = {Volume 1}, editor = {Benkel, Thorsten}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-6728-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022042610553421392294}, pages = {243 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Auseinandersetzungen mit Sterben, Tod und Trauer sind gesellschaftlich von permanenter Relevanz. Theoretische Zug{\"a}nge und empirische Analysen zu diesem Themenfeld finden im Jahrbuch f{\"u}r Tod und Gesellschaft ein interdisziplin{\"a}res Forum. Neben der Vertiefung aktueller Debatten und der Besprechung von Neuerscheinungen dient das Periodikum der Weiterentwicklung der thanato(-sozio-)logischen Erkenntnislage sowie der (inter-)nationalen Vernetzung. Der thematische Horizont umfasst u.a. Hospizarbeit und Palliative Care, Sterbehilfe, Suizidalit{\"a}t, T{\"o}tung, Organspende, Bestattungs-, Erinnerungs- und Trauerkultur.}, language = {de} } @book{Barbato2023, author = {Barbato, Mariano}, title = {Regieren durch Argumentieren?}, volume = {2023}, edition = {2., aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-7489-1490-7}, doi = {10.5771/9783748914907}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12899}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {316 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Macht und Legitimit{\"a}t der europ{\"a}ischen Argumentationszusammenh{\"a}nge haben gelitten. Dennoch z{\"a}hlen Interessen und Ideen in Europa weiter nur dann, wenn sie als Argumente vorgebracht werden. Jenseits des Argumentierens ist Europa unregierbar. Zwei Fragen stehen im Zentrum des Bandes: Was meint Argumentieren? Wie lauten die Argumente Europas? Mit Aristoteles und Wittgenstein entwickelt der erste Teil eine Methode zur Narration politischer Argumentationszusammenh{\"a}nge. Der zweite Teil legt eine historische Sprachspieltopik von der Montanunion bis zum Green New Deal vor. Das Buch ist gleichermaßen interessant f{\"u}r alle mit praktischem Interesse an der EU wie f{\"u}r alle mit sprachphilosophischem Interesse an der Politikwissenschaft.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Spindler2023, author = {Spindler, Marie-Kristin}, title = {Empathieverst{\"a}ndnis und Empathiebewusstsein bei Grundschullehrkr{\"a}ften}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12753}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {253 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Empathie - h{\"a}ufig verstanden als die F{\"a}higkeit, sich vorstellen und nachempfinden zu k{\"o}nnen, was in einer anderen Person vor sich gehen k{\"o}nnte (vgl. Wirtz 2013, S. 447) - ist ein Begriff, der im p{\"a}dagogischen Schulalltag bedeutsam ist und zur Professionalisierung von Lehrkr{\"a}ften beitr{\"a}gt. So ist Empathie beispielsweise essenziell f{\"u}r die Gestaltung sozialer Interaktionen (vgl. Baron-Cohen \& Wheelwright 2004, S. 163), die Qualit{\"a}t der Interaktion zwischen Lehrenden und Lernenden (vgl. Warren 2013, S. 6), deren Vertrauensverh{\"a}ltnis (vgl. Gassner 2006, S. 8) und die Lehrer/-innen-Sch{\"u}ler/-innen-Beziehung (vgl. Liekam 2004, S. 21). {\"U}ber welches subjektive Verst{\"a}ndnis des Empathiebegriffs verf{\"u}gen jedoch Lehrpersonen selbst? F{\"u}r wie wichtig erachten sie es, dass Lehrkr{\"a}fte empathisch sind und warum? Was macht aus ihrer Sicht eine empathische Lehrkraft aus, welche Faktoren werden als empathief{\"o}rdernd bzw. empathiehemmend empfunden und welche Begr{\"u}ndungslinien f{\"u}hren sie f{\"u}r die Einsch{\"a}tzung ihrer eigenen Empathief{\"a}higkeit bzw. der von KollegInnen an? Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse von Expertinneninterviews mit {\"o}sterreichischen Grundschullehrkr{\"a}ften legen strukturiert subjektive Empathiedefinitionen von Lehrpersonen dar, fassen Begr{\"u}ndungslinien f{\"u}r die Wichtigkeit einer empathischen Lehrperson im Schulalltag zusammen, beschreiben empathisch eingestufte Ausdrucksweisen und Grundhaltungen der befragten Lehrpersonen und identifizieren subjektive F{\"o}rder- und Hemmfaktoren auf Empathie. Weitere Aspekte im Empathiebewusstsein von Lehrpersonen werden vorgestellt sowie Ver{\"a}nderungen im Empathiebewusstsein von Lehrkr{\"a}ften aufgrund von Expertise und Berufserfahrung herausgearbeitet. Diese Arbeit leistet einen Beitrag zur Grundlagenforschung und Empathiediskussion im bildungswissenschaftlichen wie grundschulp{\"a}dagogischen und -didaktischen Feld. Erkenntnisse k{\"o}nnten f{\"u}r die Lehramtsausbildung sowie die Weiterbildung von P{\"a}dagoginnen und P{\"a}dagogen bedeutsam sein und neue Impulse liefern, beispielsweise was die Forcierung sozialer Kompetenzen betrifft.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Aufenvenne2022, author = {Aufenvenne, Philipp}, title = {Looking at what Geographers do - Empirische Beitr{\"a}ge zur Wissenschaftsbeobachtung in der Geographie}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12764}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {VII, 214 Seiten}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The research interest of this doctoral thesis addresses the academic practice of German-speaking geography. It is thus both a "meta-geographical" thesis in the sense of disciplinary science research and a social-geographical thesis that examines how scientists interact with each other as social actors in the academic field. In this dissertation, a total of five scientific articles are presented. All contributions examine German-language geography from a scientometric perspective. The unifying aspect of this work is not the one major research question, but the research object and the methodological perspective taken. The work is divided into two parts: Based on bibliometric data research and network analysis, the first part is dealing with the question of the unity of geography (papers 1-3) and paradigm evolution exemplified by the new cultural geography (paper 4). The second part deals with gender inequalities in geography. Here, one scientific article (paper 5) is presented and put into context. The focus is on gender differences in scientific practices at geographic conferences.}, subject = {Netzwerkanalyse }, language = {de} }