@phdthesis{Fink2023, author = {Fink, Simon Dominik}, title = {Constrained Planarity Algorithms in Theory and Practice}, doi = {10.15475/cpatp.2024}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13817}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {216 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In the constrained planarity setting, we ask whether a graph admits a crossing-free drawing that additionally satisfies a given set of constraints. These constraints are often derived from very natural problems; prominent examples are Level Planarity, where vertices have to lie on given horizontal lines indicating a hierarchy, Partially Embedded Planarity, where we extend a given drawing without modifying already-drawn parts, and Clustered Planarity, where we additionally draw the boundaries of clusters which recursively group the vertices in a crossing-free manner. In the last years, the family of constrained planarity problems received a lot of attention in the field of graph drawing. Efficient algorithms were discovered for many of them, while a few others turned out to be NP-complete. In contrast to the extensive theoretical considerations and the direct motivation by applications, only very few of the found algorithms have been implemented and evaluated in practice. The goal of this thesis is to advance the research on both theoretical as well as practical aspects of constrained planarity. On the theoretical side, we consider two types of constrained planarity problems. The first type are problems that individually constrain the rotations of vertices, that is they restrict the counter-clockwise cyclic orders of the edges incident to vertices. We give a simple linear-time algorithm for the problem Partially Embedded Planarity, which also generalizes to further constrained planarity variants of this type. The second type of constrained planarity problem concerns more involved planarity variants that come down to the question whether there are embeddings of one or multiple graphs such that the rotations of certain vertices are in sync in a certain way. Clustered Planarity and a variant of the Simultaneous Embedding with Fixed Edges Problem (Connected SEFE-2) are well-known problems of this type. Both are generalized by our Synchronized Planarity problem, for which we give a quadratic algorithm. Through reductions from various other problems, we provide a unified modelling framework for almost all known efficiently solvable constrained planarity variants that also directly provides a quadratic-time solution to all of them. For both our algorithms, a key ingredient for reaching an efficient solution is the usage of the right data structure for the problem at hand. In this case, these data structures are the SPQR-tree and the PC-tree, which describe planar embedding possibilities from a global and a local perspective, respectively. More specifically, PC-trees can be used to locally describe the possible cyclic orders of edges around vertices in all planar embeddings of a graph. This makes it a key component for our algorithms, as it allows us to test planarity while also respecting further constraints, and to communicate constraints arising from the surrounding graph structure between vertices with synchronized rotation. Bridging over to the practical side, we present the first correct implementation of PC-trees. We also describe further improvements, which allow us to outperform all implementations of alternative data structures (out of which we only found very few to be fully correct) by at least a factor of 4. We show that this yields a simple and competitive planarity test that can also yield an embedding to certify planarity. We also use our PC-tree implementation to implement our quadratic algorithm for solving Synchronized Planarity. Here, we show that our algorithm greatly outperforms previous attempts at solving related problems like Clustered Planarity in practice. We also engineer its running time and show how degrees of freedom in the theoretical algorithm can be leveraged to yield an up to tenfold speed-up in practice.}, language = {en} } @techreport{EckhardtFreilingHerrmannetal.2023, author = {Eckhardt, Dennis and Freiling, Felix and Herrmann, Dominik and Katzenbeisser, Stefan and P{\"o}hls, Henrich C.}, title = {Sicherheit in der Digitalisierung des Alltags: Definition eines ethnografisch-informatischen Forschungsfeldes f{\"u}r die L{\"o}sung allt{\"a}glicher Sicherheitsprobleme}, doi = {10.15475/sidial.2023}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13721}, pages = {18 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten hat es un{\"u}bersehbar zahlreiche Fortschritte im Bereich der IT-Sicherheitsforschung gegeben, etwa in den Bereichen Systemsicherheit und Kryptographie. Es ist jedoch genauso un{\"u}bersehbar, dass IT-Sicherheitsprobleme im Alltag der Menschen fortbestehen. Mutmaßlich liegt dies an der Komplexit{\"a}t von Alltagssituationen, in denen Sicherheitsmechanismen und Ger{\"a}tefunktionalit{\"a}t sowie deren Heterogenit{\"a}t in schwer antizipierbarer Weise mit menschlichem Verst{\"a}ndnis und Alltagsgebrauch interagieren. Um die wissenschaftliche Forschung besser auf Menschen und deren IT-Sicherheitsbed{\"u}rfnisse auszurichten, m{\"u}ssen wir daher den Alltag der Menschen besser verstehen. Das Verst{\"a}ndnis von Alltag ist in der Informatik jedoch noch unterentwickelt. Dieser Beitrag m{\"o}chte das Forschungsfeld "Sicherheit in der Digitalisierung des Alltags" definieren, um Forschenden die Gelegenheit zu geben, ihre Anstrengungen in diesem Bereich zu b{\"u}ndeln. Wir machen dabei Vorschl{\"a}ge einerseits zur inhaltlichen Eingrenzung der informatischen Forschung. Andererseits m{\"o}chten wir durch die Einbeziehung von Forschungsmethoden aus der Ethnografie, die Erkenntnisse aus der durchaus subjektiven Beobachtung des "Alltags" vieler einzelner Individuen zieht, zur methodischen Weiterentwicklung interdisziplin{\"a}rer Forschung in diesem Feld beitragen. Die IT- Sicherheitsforschung kann dann Bestehendes gezielt f{\"u}r eine richtige Alltagstauglichkeit optimieren und neue grundlegende Sicherheitsfunktionalit{\"a}ten f{\"u}r die konkreten Herausforderungen im Alltag entwickeln.}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-1375, title = {Universit{\"a}tsbibliothek Passau: Jahresbericht 2022}, address = {Passau}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13751}, pages = {33 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Jahresbericht der Universit{\"a}tsbibliothek Passau f{\"u}r das Jahr 2022.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Danner2023, author = {Danner, Dominik}, title = {Towards Quality of Service and Fairness in Smart Grid Applications}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13731}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xx, 172 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Due to the increasing amount of distributed renewable energy generation and the emerging high demand at consumer connection points, e. g., electric vehicles, the power distribution grid will reach its capacity limit at peak load times if it is not expensively enhanced. Alternatively, smart flexibility management that controls user assets can help to better utilize the existing power grid infrastructure for example by sharing available grid capacity among connected electric vehicles or by disaggregating flexibility requests to hybrid photovoltaic battery energy storage systems in households. Besides maintaining an acceptable state of the power distribution grid, these smart grid applications also need to ensure a certain quality of service and provide fairness between the individual participants, both of which are not extensively discussed in the literature. This thesis investigates two smart grid applications, namely electric vehicle charging-as-a-service and flexibility-provision-as-a-service from distributed energy storage systems in private households. The electric vehicle charging service allocation is modeled with distributed queuing-based allocation mechanisms which are compared to new probabilistic algorithms. Both integrate user constraints (arrival time, departure time, and energy required) to manage the quality of service and fairness. In the queuing-based allocation mechanisms, electric vehicle charging requests are packetized into logical charging current packets, representing the smallest controllable size of the charging process. These packets are queued at hierarchically distributed schedulers, which allocate the available charging capacity using the time and frequency division multiplexing technique known from the networking domain. This allows multiple electric vehicles to be charged simultaneously with variable charging currents. To achieve high quality of service and fairness among electric vehicle charging processes, dynamic weights are introduced into a weighted fair queuing scheduler that considers electric vehicle departure time and required energy for prioritization. The distributed probabilistic algorithms are inspired by medium access protocols from computer networking, such as binary exponential backoff, and control the quality of service and fairness by adjusting sampling windows and waiting periods based on user requirements. The second smart grid application under investigation aims to provide flexibility provision-as-a-service that disaggregates power flexibility requests to distributed battery energy storage systems in private households. Commonly, the main purpose of stationary energy storage is to store energy from a local photovoltaic system for later use, e. g., for overnight charging of an electric vehicle. This is optimized locally by a home energy management system, which also allows the scheduling of external flexibility requests defined by the deviation from the optimal power profile at the grid connection point, for example, to perform peak shaving at the transformer. This thesis discusses a linear heuristic and a meta heuristic to disaggregate a flexibility request to the single participating energy management systems that are grouped into a flexibility pool. Thereby, the linear heuristic iteratively assigns portions of the power flexibility to the most appropriate energy management system for one time slot after another, minimizing the total flexibility cost or maximizing the probability of flexibility delivery. In addition, a multi-objective genetic algorithm is proposed that also takes into account power grid aspects, quality of service, and fairness among par-ticipating households. The genetic operators are tailored to the flexibility disaggregation search space, taking into account flexibility and energy management system constraints, and enable power-optimized buffering of fitness values. Both smart grid applications are validated on a realistic power distribution grid with real driving patterns and energy profiles for photovoltaic generation and household consumption. The results of all proposed algorithms are analyzed with respect to a set of newly defined metrics on quality of service, fairness, efficiency, and utilization of the power distribution grid. One of the main findings is that none of the tested algorithms outperforms the others in all quality of service metrics, however, integration of user expectations improves the service quality compared to simpler approaches. Furthermore, smart grid control that incorporates users and their flexibility allows the integration of high-load applications such as electric vehicle charging and flexibility aggregation from distributed energy storage systems into the existing electricity distribution infrastructure. However, there is a trade-off between power grid aspects, e. g., grid losses and voltage values, and the quality of service provided. Whenever active user interaction is required, means of controlling the quality of service of users' smart grid applications are necessary to ensure user satisfaction with the services provided.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Scherling2023, author = {Scherling, Arno}, title = {Der Maler Friedrich D{\"u}rck (1809 - 1884) : Biographie, Rezeption, Malweise, Kritisches Verzeichnis der Werke}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12383}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {461 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Diese Monographie schildert die Lebensgeschichte des Malers Friedrich D{\"u}rck (1809 Leipzig - 1884 M{\"u}nchen) von seiner famili{\"a}ren Herkunft {\"u}ber seine k{\"u}nstlerische Ausbildung, sein famili{\"a}res und soziales Leben bis zu seinem Tod. Ein weiteres Kapitel tr{\"a}gt die zeitgen{\"o}ssische Rezeption seiner Werke zusammen und setzt sie in Bezug zur Portr{\"a}tmalerei des 19. Jahrhunderts. Seine Malweise und seine Sujets werden kritisch analysiert. Ein Werkverzeichnis wurde anhand von Originalen, Nachbildern und literarischen Quellen unter den Rubriken Portr{\"a}t, Genre und Landschaft erstellt. Seine Zeichnungen, Aquarelle, Wandgem{\"a}lde, Studien, {\"O}lskizzen und Drucke wurden auch auf dieser Weise erfasst. Ebenso wurden die von ihm erstellten Kopien und die nach seinen Originalen angefertigten Nachbilder kritisch verzeichnet.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Birnkammerer2023, author = {Birnkammerer, Hannes}, title = {Bildung trotz Bologna. Analyse zum Bildungsbegriff an deutschen Universit{\"a}ten im Kontext der europ{\"a}ischen Hochschulreform}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12328}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {VII, 232 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Ausgehend von der Kritik am Bologna-Prozess und dem in diesem Zusammenhang immer wieder referenzierten Humboldt'schen Ideal der deutschen Universit{\"a}t untersucht die Arbeit die Frage, ob sich Widerspr{\"u}che zwischen diesem neuhumanistisch gepr{\"a}gten Ideal einer Bildung durch Wissenschaft und dem Bildungsverst{\"a}ndnis des Bologna-Prozesses auf europ{\"a}ischer Ebene feststellen lassen. Die Arbeit erg{\"a}nzt dabei den hermeneutischen bildungsphilosophischen und universit{\"a}tshistoriographischen Diskurs um die Idee von Universit{\"a}t durch eine empirisch-qualitative Textanalyse zentraler Texte des Bologna-Prozesses. In einem ersten Schritt wird das Leitbild Bildung durch Wissenschaft in seiner historischen Entwicklung und Manifestation analysiert und mit aktuellen Diskussionen zur Rolle von Universit{\"a}ten in der Wissensgesellschaft zusammengef{\"u}hrt. In einem zweiten Schritt wird das Bildungsverst{\"a}ndnis analysiert, das sich sowohl in den Kommuniqu{\´e}s der Ministerialtreffen des Bologna-Prozesses als auch in exemplarisch ausgew{\"a}hlten Stakeholder-Dokumenten aus der Bologna Follow-Up Group findet. Das Bildungsverst{\"a}ndnis wird dabei als latentes Konzept verstanden, das durch die Aufgabenzuschreibungen an Hochschulen in den drei Aufgabenbereichen Lehre, Forschung und Transfer mittels einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse kodiert und anschließend analysiert wird. Im Kontrast der beiden Ergebnisse zeigt sich, dass die Kommuniqu{\´e}s der Ministerialkonferenzen in den ersten Jahren stark von einer auf Qualifizierungsaspekte beschr{\"a}nkten instrumentell-{\"o}konomischen Sicht von Bildung gepr{\"a}gt waren, sich seit 2010 aber st{\"a}rker dem Ideal einer Bildung durch Wissenschaft ann{\"a}hern. Auch die Analyse der Stakeholder-Dokumente, die diesen politischen Prozess begleiten und informieren, zeigen ebenfalls - mit Ausnahme der Arbeitgebervertretung - entweder eine konstante Argumentation zumindest teilweise im Sinne dieses Ideals, oder aber eine Ann{\"a}herung hin zur Bildung durch Wissenschaft. Die Arbeit kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass sich diese Widerspr{\"u}che, wie sie von Kritikerinnen und Kritikern am Bologna-Prozess ge{\"a}ußert wurden, also tats{\"a}chlich wahrnehmen lassen, dieser Fakt jedoch haupts{\"a}chlich f{\"u}r die erste H{\"a}lfte des Bologna-Prozesses gelten kann. Durch den argumentativen Wandel in den Kommuniqu{\´e}s hin zu Positionen, die auch Teil des Bildungsideals deutscher Universit{\"a}ten darstellen, entstehen M{\"o}glichkeitsr{\"a}ume f{\"u}r Universit{\"a}ten, ihr Ideal unter den Bedingungen der Studienreform umzusetzen.}, subject = {Bologna-Prozess}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Seruset2023, author = {Seruset, Marco}, title = {Three Essays on Price Discovery, Stock Liquidity, and Crash Risk}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11563}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {IV, 227 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Abstract 1: This paper investigates whether market quality, uncertainty, investor sentiment and attention, and macroeconomic news affect bitcoin price discovery in spot and futures markets. Over the period December 2017 - March 2019, we find significant time variation in the contribution to price discovery of the two markets. Increases in price discovery are mainly driven by relative trading costs and volume, and by uncertainty to a lesser extent. Additionally, medium-sized trades contain most information in terms of price discovery. Finally, higher news-based bitcoin sentiment increases the informational role of the futures market, while attention and macroeconomic news have no impact on price discovery. Abstract 2: We investigate whether local religious norms affect stock liquidity for U.S. listed companies. Over the period 1997-2020, we find that firms located in more religious areas have higher liquidity, as reflected by lower bid-ask spreads. This result persists after the inclusion of additional controls, such as governance metrics, and further sensitivity and endogeneity analyses. Subsample tests indicate that the impact of religiosity on stock liquidity is particularly evident for firms operating in a poor information environment. We further show that firms located in more religious areas have lower price impact of trades and smaller probability of information-based trading. Overall, our findings are consistent with the notion that religiosity, with its antimanipulative ethos, probably fosters trust in corporate actions and information flows, especially when little is known about the firm. Finally, we conjecture an indirect firm value implication of religiosity through the channel of stock liquidity. Abstract 3: This study shows that higher physical distance to institutional shareholders is associated with higher stock price crash risk. Since monitoring costs increase with distance, the results are consistent with the monitoring theory of local institutional investors. Cross-sectional analyses show that the effect of proximity on crash risk is more pronounced for firms with weak internal governance structures. The significant relation between distance and crash risk still holds under the implementation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, however, to a lower extent. Also, the existence of the channel of bad news hoarding is confirmed. Finally, I show that there is heterogeneity in distance-induced monitoring activities of different types of institutions.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Duffourc2023, author = {Duffourc, Mindy}, title = {Liability for Negligent Healthcare Clinical Risk Management in the United States and Germany}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13859}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xvi, 141 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Systems-focused error prevention efforts are internationally recognized in the healthcare industry, and industry efforts to identify and correct organizational defects through the process of CRM are well established in the U.S. and Germany. However, in both countries, there is no clear corresponding liability for healthcare organizations who fail to engage in systems-based learning through the process of clinical risk management (CRM). Although both jurisdictions do recognize organization-based theories of liability, liability for negligent CRM has not been explicitly recognized by courts in either jurisdiction to date. German legal scholars, recognizing this gap in liability for healthcare organizations, have written in support of finding liability for negligent CRM under existing tort law; however, there is no corresponding discussion in the American legal literature. This dissertation fills that gap with a comparative analysis of medical negligence law in the U.S. and Germany through the international lens of modern medical error prevention science and policy to articulate a legal basis and sketch the evidentiary framework for tort liability based on negligent CRM.}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-1386, title = {Vom Westen nichts Neues: das Beschweigen von Massenverbrechen}, volume = {8 (2023)}, number = {1}, editor = {M{\"o}stl, Charlotte and Rieger, Eva and Stahl, Bernhard}, organization = {Professur f{\"u}r Internationale Politik (Universit{\"a}t Passau)}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13868}, pages = {64 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Eva H{\"o}rmanns Beitrag „Die Rohingya-Krise: Eine Analyse der Reaktion der Vereinten Nationen auf die Massenverbrechen" widmet sich der agenda-setting-Rolle der UN f{\"u}r den Nachweis von Massengr{\"a}ueln. Dariush Movahedian untersucht in „Dr{\"o}hnendes Schweigen - Deutsche Politik und Medien zu Massenverbrechen im Tigray-Konflikt" Deutschlands Rolle in Bezug auf die Massengr{\"a}uel in {\"A}thiopien. Sheila Riek beleuchtet in "German Colonialism in Namibia and the Continuity of Structural lnjustice: Analysing the Parliament's Engagement with the Herero and Nama Genocide" die Erinnerungspolitik Deutschlands, was die Kolonialverbrechen des Deutschen Reiches in Namibia angeht. Dabei betreten die Beitr{\"a}ge oft auch theoretisches Neuland. Schließlich ist „Schweigen" bislang nicht prominent in den Internationalen Beziehungen bearbeitet worden. W{\"a}hrend Dariush Movahedian mit der Diskursgebundenen Identit{\"a}tstheorie Schweigen in der Politik, nicht aber in den Medien entdecken kann, arbeitet Eva H{\"o}rmann mit dem Spiralmodell des Transnationalen Konstruktivismus, um Schweigen gegen{\"u}ber Massenverbrechen analytisch zu fassen. Sheila Riek bevorzugt dahingegen eine kritische Perspektive, indem sie Ans{\"a}tze von Structural Injustice und die kritische Diskursanalyse nutzt, um Schweigen zur Herrschaftssicherung aufzudecken. Mit diesen Studien wird die Bandbreite und der Reichtum von IB-Perspektiven deutlich - und wir verstehen wieder ein kleines bisschen besser, wann, wie und warum wir schweigen. Inhalt: Eva H{\"o}rmann Die Rohingya-Krise Eine Analyse der Reaktion der Vereinten Nationen auf die Massenverbrechen Sheila-Ann Riek German Colonialism in Namibia and the Continuity of Structural Injustice Analysing the Parliament's Engagement with the Herero and Nama Genocide Dariush Movahedian Moghadam Dr{\"o}hnendes Schweigen Deutsche Politik und Medien zu Massenverbrechen im Tigray-Konflikt}, language = {de} } @book{OPUS4-1191, title = {Jahrbuch f{\"u}r Tod und Gesellschaft 2023}, volume = {2023}, number = {Volume 2}, editor = {Benkel, Thorsten}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-7277-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023030820070298035694}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {247 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Auseinandersetzungen mit Sterben, Tod und Trauer sind gesellschaftlich von permanenter Relevanz. Theoretische Zug{\"a}nge und empirische Analysen zu diesem Themenfeld finden im Jahrbuch f{\"u}r Tod und Gesellschaft ein interdisziplin{\"a}res Forum. Neben der Vertiefung aktueller Debatten und der Besprechung von Neuerscheinungen dient das Periodikum der Weiterentwicklung der thanato(-sozio-)logischen Erkenntnis sowie der (inter-)nationalen Vernetzung. Der thematische Horizont der zweiten Ausgabe umfasst u.a. Verwitwung, Foto-Sharing am Lebensende, Death Education und visuelle Tabus in der qualitativen Forschung.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Kodes2023, author = {Kodes, Jan}, title = {Zum Verh{\"a}ltnis von E-Learning-Praktiken Studierender und den E-Learning-Angeboten wie -Potenzialen an Universit{\"a}ten: eine explorative empirische Studie}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12704}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {VII, 270 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In der vorliegenden Dissertation wird untersucht, wie Studierende bei der Pr{\"u}fungsvorbereitung auf die vorhandenen E-Learning Angebote zur{\"u}ckgreifen wie Dozierende E-Learning Angebote in der Lehre einsetzen und wie die Potenziale von E-Learning-Angeboten an den Universit{\"a}ten besser ausgesch{\"o}pft werden und die Studierenden bei der Pr{\"u}fungsvorbereitung zu unterst{\"u}tzen. Als Studiendesign wurde eine Kombination von quantitativen und qualitativen Methoden gew{\"a}hlt. An den verschiedenen Fakult{\"a}ten der Universit{\"a}t Passau wurde zu Beginn eine quantitative Befragung unter Studierenden zu deren Nutzung von Lehrmaterialien und Medienangeboten durchgef{\"u}hrt. Danach folgten qualitative Lehrenden- und Experteninterviews zum Medieneinsatz in der Lehre. Zum Abschluss wurden in einer zweiten quantitativen Befragung Studierender die Zusammenh{\"a}nge von Lernmotivation, Lernstrategien und Pr{\"u}fungsangst genauer untersucht. In den Ergebnissen zeigte sich, dass die Studierenden die E-Learning-Angebote nur dann annehmen, wenn sie daraus einen unmittelbaren Nutzen ziehen. Den Lehrenden stehen die entsprechenden Ressourcen zum Einsatz digitaler Medien h{\"a}ufig nicht zur Verf{\"u}gung. Kurz zusammengefasst bedeutet E-Learning an Universit{\"a}ten vor allem Folgendes: Hochladen und Verwalten von Lernmaterialien auf Lernplattformen, zus{\"a}tzlich die Bereitstellung von Videoaufzeichnungen bei Veranstaltungen mit hoher Teilnehmerzahl. Vereinzelt werden noch elektronische Klausuren oder Live Votings angeboten. Des Weiteren konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die weiblichen Studierenden, unabh{\"a}ngig vom Fachsemester, {\"u}ber eine h{\"o}here Lernmotivation als die m{\"a}nnlichen Studierenden verf{\"u}gen. Wenn Studierende sich mehr Lernstrategien zu eigen machen, ist sowohl deren Pr{\"u}fungsangst als auch die Anzahl der Arbeitsst{\"o}rungen geringer. K{\"u}nftig sollten die digitalen Medien verst{\"a}rkt dazu eingesetzt werden, die Studierenden zur aktiven Mitarbeit anzuregen. Die Lehrenden sollten Zugriff auf spezielle technische Ausr{\"u}stungen sowie auf didaktische Qualifizierung und Beratung haben, damit sie auch anspruchsvolle Medienangebote wie Webbasiertes Lernen oder Apps umsetzen k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Fritz2023, author = {Fritz, Manuela}, title = {Health challenges of the 21st century - Empirical essays on the health and economic burden of non-communicable diseases and climate change in Southeast Asia}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12649}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {x, 224 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In the ongoing 21st century, low- and middle-income countries will face two health challenges that are thoroughly different from what these countries have been dealing with in preceding centuries. First, they are confronted with surging rates of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and second, climate change will take its toll and is predicted to cause catastrophic health impairments and exacerbate chronic health conditions further. Both will pose a disproportionate health and economic burden on low- and middle-income countries, which are also the countries least able to cope with them. By threatening individual health and socioeconomic improvements, and by putting an immense burden on already constrained health care systems, they impede the progress in poverty reduction and widen health inequities between the rich and the poor. Against this background, this thesis investigates the potential of NCD prevention and treatment measures in the context of Southeast Asia, with case studies in Indonesia. Specifically, it seeks to understand what kind of health interventions have the potential to be (cost-)effective considering the cultural background, lifestyle, health literacy and health system capacities in the region. Further, this thesis analyzes the interplay between NCDs and climate change and assesses the financial burden that both might pose in the decades to come. Hence, this thesis contributes to a better understanding of how the two health challenges of the 21st century, NCDs and climate change, can be addressed in the context of Southeast Asia and offers insights into what type of health policies and interventions can play a supportive role.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Koenigbauer2023, author = {K{\"o}nigbauer, Andreas}, title = {Intermedi{\"a}re und {\"o}ffentliche Meinungsbildung - Eine kritische W{\"u}rdigung des deutschen und europ{\"a}ischen Regulierungskonzepts von NetzDG bis DSA}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12462}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {X, 208 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die Arbeit untersucht die Wechselwirkungen und Friktionen zwischen verschiedenen Regelwerken auf deutscher und europ{\"a}ischer Ebene, welche die Regulierung der Medien- und Informationsintermedi{\"a}re im Interesse der {\"o}ffentlichen Meinungsbildung bezwecken.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Alhamzeh2023, author = {Alhamzeh, Alaa}, title = {Language Reasoning by means of Argument Mining and Argument Quality}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12699}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {ix, 154 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Understanding of financial data has always been a point of interest for market participants to make better informed decisions. Recently, different cutting edge technologies have been addressed in the Financial Technology (FinTech) domain, including numeracy understanding, opinion mining and financial ocument processing. In this thesis, we are interested in analyzing the arguments of financial experts with the goal of supporting investment decisions. Although various business studies confirm the crucial role of argumentation in financial communications, no work has addressed this problem as a computational argumentation task. In other words, the automatic analysis of arguments. In this regard, this thesis presents contributions in the three essential axes of theory, data, and evaluation to fill the gap between argument mining and financial text. First, we propose a method for determining the structure of the arguments stated by company representatives during the public announcement of their quarterly results and future estimations through earnings conference calls. The proposed scheme is derived from argumentation theory at the micro-structure level of discourse. We further conducted the corresponding annotation study and published the first financial dataset annotated with arguments: FinArg. Moreover, we investigate the question of evaluating the quality of arguments in this financial genre of text. To tackle this challenge, we suggest using two levels of quality metrics, considering both the Natural Language Processing (NLP) literature of argument quality assessment and the financial era peculiarities. Hence, we have also enriched the FinArg data with our quality dimensions to produce the FinArgQuality dataset. In terms of evaluation, we validate the principle of ensemble learning on the argument identification and argument unit classification tasks. We show that combining a traditional machine learning model along with a deep learning one, via an integration model (stacking), improves the overall performance, especially in small dataset settings. In addition, despite the fact that argument mining is mainly a domain dependent task, to this date, the number of studies that tackle the generalization of argument mining models is still relatively small. Therefore, using our stacking approach and in comparison to the transfer learning model of DistilBert, we address and analyze three real-world scenarios concerning the model robustness over completely unseen domains and unseen topics. Furthermore, with the aim of the automatic assessment of argument strength, we have investigated and compared different (refined) versions of Bert-based models that incorporate external knowledge in the decision layer. Consequently, our method outperforms the baseline model by 13 ± 2\% in terms of F1-score through integrating Bert with encoded categorical features. Beyond our theoretical and methodological proposals, our model of argument quality assessment, annotated corpora, and evaluation approaches are publicly available, and can serve as strong baselines for future work in both FinNLP and computational argumentation domains. Hence, directly exploiting this thesis, we proposed to the community, a new task/challenge related to the analysis of financial arguments: FinArg-1, within the framework of the NTCIR-17 conference. We also used our proposals to react to the Touch{\´e} challenge at the CLEF 2021 conference. Our contribution was selected among the «Best of Labs».}, language = {en} } @article{SteinbrinkAufenvenneHaaseetal.2023, author = {Steinbrink, Malte and Aufenvenne, Philipp and Haase, Christian and Pochadt, Max}, title = {Matilda in der Humangeographie: Gender Citation Gap und Zitierpartikularismus}, series = {GW Unterricht}, journal = {GW Unterricht}, number = {169}, publisher = {Verlag der {\"O}sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften}, doi = {10.1553/gw-unterricht169s5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12504}, pages = {5 -- 21}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Vergeschlechtlichte Ungleichheiten in der Wissenschaft sind seit langem bekannt und bestehen trotz aller Gegenmaßnahmen fort. Gender Gaps zeigen sich nicht nur in der universit{\"a}ren Personalstruktur, sondern auch in der Wissenschaftspraxis: Akademische Leistungen von Frauen erhalten oft weniger Anerkennung. Hierf{\"u}r hat sich die Bezeichnung Matilda-Effekt etabliert. Dieser Beitrag nimmt die f{\"u}r die Reputationsverteilung zentrale Praxis des Zitierens netzwerkanalytisch in den Blick und fragt, ob es in der deutschsprachigen Humangeographie einen Gender Citation Gap gibt.}, language = {de} } @article{SenglHeinke2023, author = {Sengl, Michael and Heinke, Elfi}, title = {Teaching Journalism Literacy in Schools: The Role of Media Companies as Media Educators in Germany}, series = {Media and Communication}, volume = {volume 11}, journal = {Media and Communication}, number = {issue 2}, publisher = {Cogitatio Press}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, doi = {10.17645/mac.v11i2.6389}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12499}, pages = {53 -- 63}, year = {2023}, abstract = {German journalism is facing major challenges including declining circulation, funding, trust, and political allegations of spreading disinformation. Increased media literacy in the population is one way to counter these issues and their implications. This especially applies to the sub-concept of journalism literacy, focusing on the ability to consume news critically and reflectively, thus enabling democratic participation. For media companies, promoting journalism literacy seems logical for economic and altruistic reasons. However, research on German initiatives is scarce. This article presents an explorative qualitative survey of experts from seven media companies offering journalistic media education projects in German schools, focusing on the initiatives' content, structure, and motivation. Results show that initiatives primarily aim at students and teachers, offering mostly education on journalism (e.g., teaching material) and via journalism (e.g., journalistic co-production with students). While these projects mainly provide information on the respective medium and journalistic practices, dealing with disinformation is also a central goal. Most initiatives are motivated both extrinsically (e.g., reaching new audiences) and intrinsically (e.g., democratic responsibility). Despite sometimes insufficient resources and reluctant teachers, media companies see many opportunities in their initiatives: Gaining trust and creating resilience against disinformation are just two examples within the larger goal of enabling young people to be informed and opinionated members of a democratic society.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Klumpp2023, author = {Klumpp, Lorenz}, title = {Populism by the media: Bildtypen in der Darstellung des politischen Personals auf Compact-Covern - eine Forschungsdokumentation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12458}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Forschungsdokumentation stellt die in einer Studie ermittelten Bildtypen auf Covern des Compact-Magazins detailliert mittels der ikonographisch-ikonologischen Analyse vor. Vor dem theoretischen Hintergrund des populism by the media kann aufgezeigt werden, dass sich in der visuellen Darstellung von PolitikerInnen auf den Compact-Titelbildern sowohl Variationen in der visuellen Inszenierung der populistischen Dichotomie zwischen ‚Volk' und ‚Elite' finden als auch die rechtspopulistische Konstruktion eines ethnokulturell homogenen Volkes.}, language = {de} } @book{Gerhold2023, author = {Gerhold, Maximilian}, title = {Anwaltliche Berufsaus{\"u}bung im Dienste des Rechtsstaats : eine grundrechtsdogmatische deutsch-franz{\"o}sische Studie}, publisher = {Mohr Siebeck}, address = {T{\"u}bingen}, isbn = {978-3-16-162296-0}, doi = {10.1628/978-3-16-162296-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12775}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XXIX, 552 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Rechtsanw{\"a}lte haben rechtsordnungs{\"u}bergreifend eine wichtige rechtsstaatliche Funktion. Doch anders als die richterliche Unabh{\"a}ngigkeit, die in den europ{\"a}ischen wie mitgliedstaatlichen Verfassungstexten ausdr{\"u}cklich erw{\"a}hnt wird, gilt dies f{\"u}r Rechtsanw{\"a}lte und die Rechtsanwaltschaft als Institution zumeist nicht. Der berufsfreiheitliche und verfassungsgerichtliche Schutz anwaltlicher Berufsaus{\"u}bung in Deutschland kennt keine Entsprechung in Frankreich, wo dieser bislang der berufsst{\"a}ndischen Selbstverwaltung {\"u}berantwortet ist. Der Autor vermisst die anwaltliche Berufsfreiheit im deutschen Verfassungsrecht neu. Diese stellt sich als dienende Freiheitsgew{\"a}hrleistung dar. Zugleich werden erstmals grundrechtliche Maßst{\"a}be f{\"u}r die Regulierung des Anwaltsberufs in Frankreich aufgezeigt. Der Grundrechtsvergleich l{\"a}sst als gemeinsame Elemente die Fremdn{\"u}tzigkeit und Normgepr{\"a}gtheit der anwaltlichen Grundrechte hervortreten. Die Arbeit ist 2023 mit dem Dissertationspreis »Prix des affaires« der Deutsch-Franz{\"o}sischen Hochschule und dem Promotionspreis des Vereins der Freunde und F{\"o}rderer der Rechtswissenschaften an der Universit{\"a}t Passau e.V. ausgezeichnet worden.}, language = {de} } @article{DeinerFeldmeierFraseretal.2023, author = {Deiner, Adina and Feldmeier, Patric and Fraser, Gordon and Schweikl, Sebastian and Wang, Wengran}, title = {Automated test generation for SCRATCH programs}, series = {Empirical Software Engineering}, volume = {28}, journal = {Empirical Software Engineering}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s10664-022-10255-x}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023091108301581209964}, pages = {1 -- 63}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The importance of programming education has led to dedicated educational program- ming environments, where users visually arrange block-based programming constructs that typically control graphical, interactive game-like programs. The SCRATCH programming environment is particularly popular, with more than 90 million registered users at the time of this writing. While the block-based nature of S CRATCH helps learners by preventing syntactical mistakes, there nevertheless remains a need to provide feedback and support in order to implement desired functionality. To support individual learning and classroom settings, this feedback and support should ideally be provided in an automated fashion, which requires tests to enable dynamic program analysis. In prior work we introduced W HISKER , a framework that enables automated testing of S CRATCH programs. However, creating these automated tests for S CRATCH programs is challenging. In this paper, we therefore investigate how to automatically generate W HISKER tests. Generating tests for S CRATCH raises important challenges: First, game-like programs are typically randomised, leading to flaky tests. Second, S CRATCH programs usually consist of animations and interactions with long delays, inhibiting the application of classical test generation approaches. Thus, the new application domain raises the question of which test generation technique is best suited to produce high coverage tests capable of detecting faulty behaviour. We investigate these questions using an extension of the W HISKER test framework for automated test generation. Evaluation on common programming exercises, a random sample of 1000 S CRATCH user programs, and the 1000 most popular S CRATCH programs demonstrates that our approach enables W HISKER to reliably accelerate test executions, and even though many SCRATCH programs are small and easy to cover, there are many unique challenges for which advanced search-based test generation using many-objective algorithms is needed in order to achieve high coverage.}, language = {en} } @article{Narh2023, author = {Narh, John}, title = {The resource curse and the role of institutions revisited}, series = {Environment, Development and Sustainability}, volume = {27}, journal = {Environment, Development and Sustainability}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s10668-023-04279-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024030609203689018522}, pages = {8187 -- 8207}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Many studies have shown that natural resource abundant countries with strong institutions tend to escape the resource curse. Institutional quality has been examined using broad indices of rule of law, the rate of murder, the share of the shadow economy and provision of public goods. Nonetheless, we need to locate the specific institutional conditions under which the curse manifests since some "rule of law" countries like Nigeria and Angola are generally classified as resource cursed. In this review, I argue that managing and distributing natural resource wealth through a centralised planning strategy and lack of a binding long-term national development plan are institutional conditions that encourage government unaccountability as they do not restrict policy makers against discretionary distribution of natural resource windfall, rent seeking, clientelism and corruption which contribute to poor economic development and growth. Also, inadequate regulations on how to address the potential or actual impacts of natural resource extraction on the livelihood of local people and the environment tend to precipitate grievance-induced resource conflict.}, language = {en} }