@phdthesis{Kodes2023, author = {Kodes, Jan}, title = {Zum Verh{\"a}ltnis von E-Learning-Praktiken Studierender und den E-Learning-Angeboten wie -Potenzialen an Universit{\"a}ten: eine explorative empirische Studie}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12704}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {VII, 270 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In der vorliegenden Dissertation wird untersucht, wie Studierende bei der Pr{\"u}fungsvorbereitung auf die vorhandenen E-Learning Angebote zur{\"u}ckgreifen wie Dozierende E-Learning Angebote in der Lehre einsetzen und wie die Potenziale von E-Learning-Angeboten an den Universit{\"a}ten besser ausgesch{\"o}pft werden und die Studierenden bei der Pr{\"u}fungsvorbereitung zu unterst{\"u}tzen. Als Studiendesign wurde eine Kombination von quantitativen und qualitativen Methoden gew{\"a}hlt. An den verschiedenen Fakult{\"a}ten der Universit{\"a}t Passau wurde zu Beginn eine quantitative Befragung unter Studierenden zu deren Nutzung von Lehrmaterialien und Medienangeboten durchgef{\"u}hrt. Danach folgten qualitative Lehrenden- und Experteninterviews zum Medieneinsatz in der Lehre. Zum Abschluss wurden in einer zweiten quantitativen Befragung Studierender die Zusammenh{\"a}nge von Lernmotivation, Lernstrategien und Pr{\"u}fungsangst genauer untersucht. In den Ergebnissen zeigte sich, dass die Studierenden die E-Learning-Angebote nur dann annehmen, wenn sie daraus einen unmittelbaren Nutzen ziehen. Den Lehrenden stehen die entsprechenden Ressourcen zum Einsatz digitaler Medien h{\"a}ufig nicht zur Verf{\"u}gung. Kurz zusammengefasst bedeutet E-Learning an Universit{\"a}ten vor allem Folgendes: Hochladen und Verwalten von Lernmaterialien auf Lernplattformen, zus{\"a}tzlich die Bereitstellung von Videoaufzeichnungen bei Veranstaltungen mit hoher Teilnehmerzahl. Vereinzelt werden noch elektronische Klausuren oder Live Votings angeboten. Des Weiteren konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die weiblichen Studierenden, unabh{\"a}ngig vom Fachsemester, {\"u}ber eine h{\"o}here Lernmotivation als die m{\"a}nnlichen Studierenden verf{\"u}gen. Wenn Studierende sich mehr Lernstrategien zu eigen machen, ist sowohl deren Pr{\"u}fungsangst als auch die Anzahl der Arbeitsst{\"o}rungen geringer. K{\"u}nftig sollten die digitalen Medien verst{\"a}rkt dazu eingesetzt werden, die Studierenden zur aktiven Mitarbeit anzuregen. Die Lehrenden sollten Zugriff auf spezielle technische Ausr{\"u}stungen sowie auf didaktische Qualifizierung und Beratung haben, damit sie auch anspruchsvolle Medienangebote wie Webbasiertes Lernen oder Apps umsetzen k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Fritz2023, author = {Fritz, Manuela}, title = {Health challenges of the 21st century - Empirical essays on the health and economic burden of non-communicable diseases and climate change in Southeast Asia}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12649}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {x, 224 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In the ongoing 21st century, low- and middle-income countries will face two health challenges that are thoroughly different from what these countries have been dealing with in preceding centuries. First, they are confronted with surging rates of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and second, climate change will take its toll and is predicted to cause catastrophic health impairments and exacerbate chronic health conditions further. Both will pose a disproportionate health and economic burden on low- and middle-income countries, which are also the countries least able to cope with them. By threatening individual health and socioeconomic improvements, and by putting an immense burden on already constrained health care systems, they impede the progress in poverty reduction and widen health inequities between the rich and the poor. Against this background, this thesis investigates the potential of NCD prevention and treatment measures in the context of Southeast Asia, with case studies in Indonesia. Specifically, it seeks to understand what kind of health interventions have the potential to be (cost-)effective considering the cultural background, lifestyle, health literacy and health system capacities in the region. Further, this thesis analyzes the interplay between NCDs and climate change and assesses the financial burden that both might pose in the decades to come. Hence, this thesis contributes to a better understanding of how the two health challenges of the 21st century, NCDs and climate change, can be addressed in the context of Southeast Asia and offers insights into what type of health policies and interventions can play a supportive role.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Koenigbauer2023, author = {K{\"o}nigbauer, Andreas}, title = {Intermedi{\"a}re und {\"o}ffentliche Meinungsbildung - Eine kritische W{\"u}rdigung des deutschen und europ{\"a}ischen Regulierungskonzepts von NetzDG bis DSA}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12462}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {X, 208 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die Arbeit untersucht die Wechselwirkungen und Friktionen zwischen verschiedenen Regelwerken auf deutscher und europ{\"a}ischer Ebene, welche die Regulierung der Medien- und Informationsintermedi{\"a}re im Interesse der {\"o}ffentlichen Meinungsbildung bezwecken.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Alhamzeh2023, author = {Alhamzeh, Alaa}, title = {Language Reasoning by means of Argument Mining and Argument Quality}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12699}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {ix, 154 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Understanding of financial data has always been a point of interest for market participants to make better informed decisions. Recently, different cutting edge technologies have been addressed in the Financial Technology (FinTech) domain, including numeracy understanding, opinion mining and financial ocument processing. In this thesis, we are interested in analyzing the arguments of financial experts with the goal of supporting investment decisions. Although various business studies confirm the crucial role of argumentation in financial communications, no work has addressed this problem as a computational argumentation task. In other words, the automatic analysis of arguments. In this regard, this thesis presents contributions in the three essential axes of theory, data, and evaluation to fill the gap between argument mining and financial text. First, we propose a method for determining the structure of the arguments stated by company representatives during the public announcement of their quarterly results and future estimations through earnings conference calls. The proposed scheme is derived from argumentation theory at the micro-structure level of discourse. We further conducted the corresponding annotation study and published the first financial dataset annotated with arguments: FinArg. Moreover, we investigate the question of evaluating the quality of arguments in this financial genre of text. To tackle this challenge, we suggest using two levels of quality metrics, considering both the Natural Language Processing (NLP) literature of argument quality assessment and the financial era peculiarities. Hence, we have also enriched the FinArg data with our quality dimensions to produce the FinArgQuality dataset. In terms of evaluation, we validate the principle of ensemble learning on the argument identification and argument unit classification tasks. We show that combining a traditional machine learning model along with a deep learning one, via an integration model (stacking), improves the overall performance, especially in small dataset settings. In addition, despite the fact that argument mining is mainly a domain dependent task, to this date, the number of studies that tackle the generalization of argument mining models is still relatively small. Therefore, using our stacking approach and in comparison to the transfer learning model of DistilBert, we address and analyze three real-world scenarios concerning the model robustness over completely unseen domains and unseen topics. Furthermore, with the aim of the automatic assessment of argument strength, we have investigated and compared different (refined) versions of Bert-based models that incorporate external knowledge in the decision layer. Consequently, our method outperforms the baseline model by 13 ± 2\% in terms of F1-score through integrating Bert with encoded categorical features. Beyond our theoretical and methodological proposals, our model of argument quality assessment, annotated corpora, and evaluation approaches are publicly available, and can serve as strong baselines for future work in both FinNLP and computational argumentation domains. Hence, directly exploiting this thesis, we proposed to the community, a new task/challenge related to the analysis of financial arguments: FinArg-1, within the framework of the NTCIR-17 conference. We also used our proposals to react to the Touch{\´e} challenge at the CLEF 2021 conference. Our contribution was selected among the «Best of Labs».}, language = {en} } @article{SteinbrinkAufenvenneHaaseetal.2023, author = {Steinbrink, Malte and Aufenvenne, Philipp and Haase, Christian and Pochadt, Max}, title = {Matilda in der Humangeographie: Gender Citation Gap und Zitierpartikularismus}, series = {GW Unterricht}, journal = {GW Unterricht}, number = {169}, publisher = {Verlag der {\"O}sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften}, doi = {10.1553/gw-unterricht169s5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12504}, pages = {5 -- 21}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Vergeschlechtlichte Ungleichheiten in der Wissenschaft sind seit langem bekannt und bestehen trotz aller Gegenmaßnahmen fort. Gender Gaps zeigen sich nicht nur in der universit{\"a}ren Personalstruktur, sondern auch in der Wissenschaftspraxis: Akademische Leistungen von Frauen erhalten oft weniger Anerkennung. Hierf{\"u}r hat sich die Bezeichnung Matilda-Effekt etabliert. Dieser Beitrag nimmt die f{\"u}r die Reputationsverteilung zentrale Praxis des Zitierens netzwerkanalytisch in den Blick und fragt, ob es in der deutschsprachigen Humangeographie einen Gender Citation Gap gibt.}, language = {de} } @article{SenglHeinke2023, author = {Sengl, Michael and Heinke, Elfi}, title = {Teaching Journalism Literacy in Schools: The Role of Media Companies as Media Educators in Germany}, series = {Media and Communication}, volume = {volume 11}, journal = {Media and Communication}, number = {issue 2}, publisher = {Cogitatio Press}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, doi = {10.17645/mac.v11i2.6389}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12499}, pages = {53 -- 63}, year = {2023}, abstract = {German journalism is facing major challenges including declining circulation, funding, trust, and political allegations of spreading disinformation. Increased media literacy in the population is one way to counter these issues and their implications. This especially applies to the sub-concept of journalism literacy, focusing on the ability to consume news critically and reflectively, thus enabling democratic participation. For media companies, promoting journalism literacy seems logical for economic and altruistic reasons. However, research on German initiatives is scarce. This article presents an explorative qualitative survey of experts from seven media companies offering journalistic media education projects in German schools, focusing on the initiatives' content, structure, and motivation. Results show that initiatives primarily aim at students and teachers, offering mostly education on journalism (e.g., teaching material) and via journalism (e.g., journalistic co-production with students). While these projects mainly provide information on the respective medium and journalistic practices, dealing with disinformation is also a central goal. Most initiatives are motivated both extrinsically (e.g., reaching new audiences) and intrinsically (e.g., democratic responsibility). Despite sometimes insufficient resources and reluctant teachers, media companies see many opportunities in their initiatives: Gaining trust and creating resilience against disinformation are just two examples within the larger goal of enabling young people to be informed and opinionated members of a democratic society.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Klumpp2023, author = {Klumpp, Lorenz}, title = {Populism by the media: Bildtypen in der Darstellung des politischen Personals auf Compact-Covern - eine Forschungsdokumentation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12458}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Forschungsdokumentation stellt die in einer Studie ermittelten Bildtypen auf Covern des Compact-Magazins detailliert mittels der ikonographisch-ikonologischen Analyse vor. Vor dem theoretischen Hintergrund des populism by the media kann aufgezeigt werden, dass sich in der visuellen Darstellung von PolitikerInnen auf den Compact-Titelbildern sowohl Variationen in der visuellen Inszenierung der populistischen Dichotomie zwischen ‚Volk' und ‚Elite' finden als auch die rechtspopulistische Konstruktion eines ethnokulturell homogenen Volkes.}, language = {de} } @book{Gerhold2023, author = {Gerhold, Maximilian}, title = {Anwaltliche Berufsaus{\"u}bung im Dienste des Rechtsstaats : eine grundrechtsdogmatische deutsch-franz{\"o}sische Studie}, publisher = {Mohr Siebeck}, address = {T{\"u}bingen}, isbn = {978-3-16-162296-0}, doi = {10.1628/978-3-16-162296-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12775}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XXIX, 552 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Rechtsanw{\"a}lte haben rechtsordnungs{\"u}bergreifend eine wichtige rechtsstaatliche Funktion. Doch anders als die richterliche Unabh{\"a}ngigkeit, die in den europ{\"a}ischen wie mitgliedstaatlichen Verfassungstexten ausdr{\"u}cklich erw{\"a}hnt wird, gilt dies f{\"u}r Rechtsanw{\"a}lte und die Rechtsanwaltschaft als Institution zumeist nicht. Der berufsfreiheitliche und verfassungsgerichtliche Schutz anwaltlicher Berufsaus{\"u}bung in Deutschland kennt keine Entsprechung in Frankreich, wo dieser bislang der berufsst{\"a}ndischen Selbstverwaltung {\"u}berantwortet ist. Der Autor vermisst die anwaltliche Berufsfreiheit im deutschen Verfassungsrecht neu. Diese stellt sich als dienende Freiheitsgew{\"a}hrleistung dar. Zugleich werden erstmals grundrechtliche Maßst{\"a}be f{\"u}r die Regulierung des Anwaltsberufs in Frankreich aufgezeigt. Der Grundrechtsvergleich l{\"a}sst als gemeinsame Elemente die Fremdn{\"u}tzigkeit und Normgepr{\"a}gtheit der anwaltlichen Grundrechte hervortreten. Die Arbeit ist 2023 mit dem Dissertationspreis »Prix des affaires« der Deutsch-Franz{\"o}sischen Hochschule und dem Promotionspreis des Vereins der Freunde und F{\"o}rderer der Rechtswissenschaften an der Universit{\"a}t Passau e.V. ausgezeichnet worden.}, language = {de} } @article{DeinerFeldmeierFraseretal.2023, author = {Deiner, Adina and Feldmeier, Patric and Fraser, Gordon and Schweikl, Sebastian and Wang, Wengran}, title = {Automated test generation for SCRATCH programs}, series = {Empirical Software Engineering}, volume = {28}, journal = {Empirical Software Engineering}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s10664-022-10255-x}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023091108301581209964}, pages = {1 -- 63}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The importance of programming education has led to dedicated educational program- ming environments, where users visually arrange block-based programming constructs that typically control graphical, interactive game-like programs. The SCRATCH programming environment is particularly popular, with more than 90 million registered users at the time of this writing. While the block-based nature of S CRATCH helps learners by preventing syntactical mistakes, there nevertheless remains a need to provide feedback and support in order to implement desired functionality. To support individual learning and classroom settings, this feedback and support should ideally be provided in an automated fashion, which requires tests to enable dynamic program analysis. In prior work we introduced W HISKER , a framework that enables automated testing of S CRATCH programs. However, creating these automated tests for S CRATCH programs is challenging. In this paper, we therefore investigate how to automatically generate W HISKER tests. Generating tests for S CRATCH raises important challenges: First, game-like programs are typically randomised, leading to flaky tests. Second, S CRATCH programs usually consist of animations and interactions with long delays, inhibiting the application of classical test generation approaches. Thus, the new application domain raises the question of which test generation technique is best suited to produce high coverage tests capable of detecting faulty behaviour. We investigate these questions using an extension of the W HISKER test framework for automated test generation. Evaluation on common programming exercises, a random sample of 1000 S CRATCH user programs, and the 1000 most popular S CRATCH programs demonstrates that our approach enables W HISKER to reliably accelerate test executions, and even though many SCRATCH programs are small and easy to cover, there are many unique challenges for which advanced search-based test generation using many-objective algorithms is needed in order to achieve high coverage.}, language = {en} } @article{Narh2023, author = {Narh, John}, title = {The resource curse and the role of institutions revisited}, series = {Environment, Development and Sustainability}, volume = {27}, journal = {Environment, Development and Sustainability}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s10668-023-04279-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024030609203689018522}, pages = {8187 -- 8207}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Many studies have shown that natural resource abundant countries with strong institutions tend to escape the resource curse. Institutional quality has been examined using broad indices of rule of law, the rate of murder, the share of the shadow economy and provision of public goods. Nonetheless, we need to locate the specific institutional conditions under which the curse manifests since some "rule of law" countries like Nigeria and Angola are generally classified as resource cursed. In this review, I argue that managing and distributing natural resource wealth through a centralised planning strategy and lack of a binding long-term national development plan are institutional conditions that encourage government unaccountability as they do not restrict policy makers against discretionary distribution of natural resource windfall, rent seeking, clientelism and corruption which contribute to poor economic development and growth. Also, inadequate regulations on how to address the potential or actual impacts of natural resource extraction on the livelihood of local people and the environment tend to precipitate grievance-induced resource conflict.}, language = {en} } @article{ErtelDonigEckletal.2023, author = {Ertel, Florence and Donig, Simon and Eckl, Markus and Gassner, Sebastian and G{\"o}ler, Daniel and Rehbein, Malte}, title = {Using web archives for an explorative study of the web presence of German parties during the European election 2019}, series = {Quality \& Quantity}, volume = {58}, journal = {Quality \& Quantity}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s11135-023-01654-3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023082609050515725791}, pages = {603 -- 625}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In the digital age, political science is faced with a shift of election campaigns and politi- cal discourse to digital or virtual arenas. Because the internet is a highly volatile medium and online content can become inaccessible after the campaign season, new challenges for research arise as well as the need for the preservation of online content. Moreover, the sheer volume of data researchers have to deal with has reached levels where traditional methods are being highly challenged. This paper puts forth a web harvesting workflow with a strong focus on granular extraction of unstructured information (publication dates) for automated analysis. As our approach is methodological, we would like to point out the benefits that researches in political science may draw from adapting our methodology. We demonstrate this by analysing an event-based web crawl of German parties participating in the election campaign for the European Parliamentary Election in 2019. We employ distant reading methods to generate topic models, which are subsequently evaluated by hermeneutic analysis of a subset of the data.}, language = {en} } @article{PiwoniMussotter2023, author = {Piwoni, Eunike and Mußotter, Marlene}, title = {The evolution of the civic-ethnic distinction as a partial success story: Lessons for the nationalism-patriotism distinction}, series = {Nations and Nationalism}, volume = {29}, journal = {Nations and Nationalism}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, doi = {10.1111/nana.12944}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16266}, pages = {906 -- 921}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This article brings, for the first time, two of the most pivotal distinctions in nationalism studies into extended dialogue: the civic-ethnic distinction (CED) and the nationalism-patriotism distinction (NPD). By reviewing both the evolution of those distinctions over the previous decades and the ways in which they have been used in quantitative empirical research, we argue that the CED's evolution has been a partial success story, whereas discourse around the NPD has not seen substantial development. Despite lingering inconsistencies, researchers drawing on the CED have been successful in addressing different lines of critique and in using the CED as a heuristic for investigating notions of nationhood as expressed in public perceptions. In contrast, there has been only limited dialogue between theoretical and empirical approaches to the NPD. The article illustrates how research drawing on the NPD could profit from the CED's evolution. We close by providing a conceptual roadmap to guide the path towards more terminological clarity and to construct more theoretically robust measures for nationalism and patriotism. We specifically suggest that nationalism and patriotism should be consistently understood as ideal types that citizens can simultaneously hold to varying degrees.}, language = {en} } @article{Schwartz2023, author = {Schwartz, Niels}, title = {Topology of closure systems in algebraic lattices}, series = {Algebra universalis}, volume = {84}, journal = {Algebra universalis}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s00012-023-00815-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023090808111682406614}, pages = {1 -- 33}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Algebraic lattices are spectral spaces for the coarse lower topology. Closure systems in algebraic lattices are studied as subspaces. Connections between order theoretic properties of a closure system and topological properties of the subspace are explored. A closure system is algebraic if and only if it is a patch closed subset of the ambient algebraic lattice. Every subset X in an algebraic lattice P generates a closure system〈X〉P . The closure system〈Y 〉P generated by the patch closure Y of X is the patch closure of〈X〉P. If X is contained in the set of nontrivial prime elements of P then〈X〉P is a frame and is a coherent algebraic frame if X is patch closed in P. Conversely, if the algebraic lattice P is coherent then its set of nontrivial prime elements is patch closed.}, language = {en} } @article{MuenchRutterStumpf2023, author = {M{\"u}nch, Miriam and Rutter, Ignaz and Stumpf, Peter}, title = {Partial and Simultaneous Transitive Orientations via Modular Decompositions}, series = {Algorithmica}, volume = {86}, journal = {Algorithmica}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s00453-023-01188-y}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024022914111908687000}, pages = {1263 -- 1292}, year = {2023}, abstract = {A natural generalization of the recognition problem for a geometric graph class is the problem of extending a representation of a subgraph to a representation of the whole graph. A related problem is to find representations for multiple input graphs that coin- cide on subgraphs shared by the input graphs. A common restriction is the sunflower case where the shared graph is the same for each pair of input graphs. These problems translate to the setting of comparability graphs where the representations correspond to transitive orientations of their edges. We use modular decompositions to improve the runtime for the orientation extension problem and the sunflower orientation problem to linear time. We apply these results to improve the runtime for the partial represen- tation problem and the sunflower case of the simultaneous representation problem for permutation graphs to linear time. We also give the first efficient algorithms for these problems on circular permutation graphs.}, language = {en} } @article{TrautschHerboldGrabowski2023, author = {Trautsch, Alexander and Herbold, Steffen and Grabowski, Jens}, title = {Are automated static analysis tools worth it? An investigation into relative warning density and external software quality on the example of Apache open source projects}, series = {Empirical Software Engineering}, volume = {28}, journal = {Empirical Software Engineering}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s10664-023-10301-2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023091108203018898026}, pages = {1 -- 21}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Automated Static Analysis Tools (ASATs) are part of software development best practices. ASATs are able to warn developers about potential problems in the code. On the one hand, ASATs are based on best practices so there should be a noticeable effect on software quality. On the other hand, ASATs suffer from false positive warnings, which developers have to inspect and then ignore or mark as invalid. In this article, we ask whether ASATs have a measurable impact on external software quality, using the example of PMD for Java. We investigate the relationship between ASAT warnings emitted by PMD on defects per change and per file. Our case study includes data for the history of each file as well as the differences between changed files and the project in which they are contained. We investigate whether files that induce a defect have more static analysis warnings than the rest of the project. Moreover, we investigate the impact of two different sets of ASAT rules. We find that, bug inducing files contain less static analysis warnings than other files of the project at that point in time. However, this can be explained by the overall decreasing warning density. When compared with all other changes, we find a statistically significant difference in one metric for all rules and two metrics for a subset of rules. However, the effect size is negligible in all cases, showing that the actual difference in warning density between bug inducing changes and other changes is small at best.}, language = {en} } @article{FruehwirthProchno2023, author = {Fr{\"u}hwirth, Lorenz and Prochno, Joscha}, title = {H{\"o}lder's inequality and its reverse — a probabilistic point of view}, series = {Mathematische Nachrichten}, volume = {296}, journal = {Mathematische Nachrichten}, number = {12}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, doi = {10.1002/mana.202200411}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023062315175042989607}, pages = {5493 -- 5512}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In this article, we take a probabilistic look at H{\"o}lder's inequality, considering the ratio of terms in the classical H{\"o}lder inequality for random vectors in ℝ𝑛. We prove a central limit theorem for this ratio, which then allows us to reverse the inequality up to a multiplicative constant with high probability. The models of randomness include the uniform distribution on 𝓁𝑛𝑝 balls and spheres. We also provide a Berry-Esseen-type result and prove a large and a moderate deviation principle for the suitably normalized H{\"o}lder ratio.}, language = {en} } @article{Sommer2023, author = {Sommer, Tim}, title = {Romantic objects, Victorian collections : scribal relics and the authorial body}, series = {Literature Compass}, volume = {21}, journal = {Literature Compass}, number = {1-3}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, doi = {10.1111/lic3.12703}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16248}, pages = {10 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Over the course of the nineteenth century, literary manuscripts came to be seen as tangible evidence of the creative process and as a key to the personality of the author. The material traces of writing were understood to outlive their creators and promise to resurrect the authorial body through the magic of the relic. This article reconstructs how authorial script gradually transformed into a collectible object pursued as a memento and a commodity. Letters, drafts, and fair copies by major modern writers found their way into the collections of British aristocrats and American industrialists at the same time that hunting for literary autographs diversified into a middle-class pursuit. Surveying recent scholarship on nineteenth-century collecting and material culture, the essay offers a condensed cultural history of the literary manuscript as a collectible and draws attention to how collectors and collecting feature in fictional texts of the period. It focuses on the artefactual mobility and custodial afterlives of Romantic papers in Victorian literature and culture, exploring a form of collecting which crossed boundaries between periods and national literary traditions.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Welearegai2023, author = {Welearegai, Gebrehiwet Biyane}, title = {Precise Detection of Injection Attacks in Real-world Applications}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12926}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xvi, 120 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Code injection attacks like the one used in the high-profile 2017 Equifax breach, have become increasingly common, ranking at the top of OWASP's list of critical web application vulnerabilities. The injection attacks can also target embedded applications running on processors like ARM and Xtensa by exploiting memory bugs and maliciously altering the program's behavior or even taking full control over a system. Especially, ARM's support of low power consumption without sacrificing performance is leading the industry to shift towards ARM processors, which advances the attention of injection attacks as well. In this thesis, we are considering web applications and embedded applications (running on ARM and Xtensa processors) as the target of injection attacks. To detect injection attacks in web applications, taint analysis is mostly proposed but the precision, scalability, and runtime overhead of the detection depend on the analysis types (e.g., static vs dynamic, sound vs unsound). Moreover, in the existing dynamic taint tracking approach for Java- based applications, even the most performant can impose a slowdown of at least 10-20\% and often far more. On the other hand, considering the embedded applications, while some initial research has tried to detect injection attacks (i.e., ROP and JOP) on ARM, they suffer from high performance or storage overhead. Besides, the Xtensa has been neglected though used in most firmware-based embedded WiFi home automation devices. This thesis aims to provide novel approaches to precisely detect injection attacks on both the web and embedded applications. To that end, we evaluate JavaScript static analysis frameworks to evaluate the security of a hybrid app (JS \& native) from an industrial partner, provide RIVULET - a tool that precisely detects injection attacks in Java-based real-world applications, and investigate injection attacks detection on ARM and Xtensa platforms using hardware performance counters (HPCs) and machine learning (ML) techniques. To evaluate the security of the hybrid application, we initially compare the precision, scalability, and code coverage of two widely-used static analysis frameworks—WALA and SAFE. The result of our comparison shows that SAFE provides higher precision and better code coverage at the cost of somewhat lower scalability. Based on these results, we analyze the data flows of the hybrid app via taint analysis by extending the SAFE's taint analysis and detected a potential for injection attacks of the hybrid application. Similarly, to detect injection attacks in Java-based applications, we provide Rivulet which monitors the execution of developer-written functional tests using dynamic taint tracking. Rivulet uses a white-box test generation technique to re-purpose those functional tests to check if any vulnerable flow could be exploited. We compared Rivulet to the state-of-the-art static vulnerability detector Julia on benchmarks and Rivulet outperformed Julia in both false positives and false negatives. We also used Rivulet to detect new vulnerabilities. Moreover, for applications running on ARM and Xtensa platforms, we investigate ROP1 attack detection by combining HPCs and ML techniques. We collect data exploiting real- world vulnerable applications and small benchmarks to train the ML. For ROP attack detection on ARM, we also implement an online monitor which labels a program's execution as benign or under attack and stops its execution once the latter is detected. Evaluating our ROP attack detection approach on ARM provides a detection accuracy of 92\% for the offline training and 75\% for the online monitoring. Similarly, our ROP attack detection on the firmware-only Xtensa processor provides an overall average detection accuracy of 79\%. Last but not least, this thesis shows how relevant taint analysis is to precisely detect injection attacks on web applications and the power of HPC combined with machine learning in the control flow injection attacks detection on ARM and Xtensa platforms.}, language = {en} } @misc{Seefried2023, author = {Seefried, Romina}, title = {Semantische Vielfalt im ‚freien' Erz{\"a}hlraum. Semiotische Aspekte der Early-Literacy-F{\"o}rderung im Kontext von Multimodalit{\"a}t}, issn = {2364-9224}, doi = {10.15475/skms.2023.1.12}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11805}, pages = {355 -- 382}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Der Beitrag „Semantische Vielfalt im ‚freien' Erz{\"a}hlraum. Semiotische Aspekte der Early-Literacy-F{\"o}rderung im Kontext von Multimodalit{\"a}t" von Romina Seefried betrachtet verschiedene Storytelling-Formate, die f{\"u}r eine handlungs- und produktionsorientierte F{\"o}rderung des m{\"u}ndlichen Erz{\"a}hlens im Rahmen der Early-Literacy-F{\"o}rderung genutzt werden und analysiert deren multimodales Potenzial.}, language = {de} } @misc{Grossmann2023, author = {Großmann, Stephanie}, title = {Multimodale Deutschlandkonzeptionen. Kurt Tucholskys Deutschland, Deutschland {\"u}ber alles (1929) und Nora Krugs Heimat. Ein deutsches Familienalbum (2018)}, issn = {2364-9224}, doi = {10.15475/skms.2023.1.3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11713}, pages = {93 -- 116}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Der Beitrag „Multimodale Deutschlandkonzeptionen. Kurt Tucholskys Deutschland, Deutschland {\"u}ber alles (1929) und Nora Krugs Heimat. Ein deutsches Familienalbum (2018)" von Stephanie Großmann zeigt im Vergleich zweier Text-Bild-Beziehungen, Kurt Tucholskys Deutschland, Deutschland {\"u}ber alles von 1929 und Nora Krugs Heimat. Ein deutsches Familienalbum von 2018, das konzeptuelle Potential dieser Multimodalit{\"a}t wie deren jeweilige historisch-ideologische Instrumentalisierung im Kontext ‚Deutschlandbilder' auf.}, language = {de} } @misc{Haenselmann2023, author = {H{\"a}nselmann, Matthias C.}, title = {Die innere Gestalt der Worte. Zur Multimodalit{\"a}t von Poesiefilmen}, doi = {10.15475/skms.2023.1.5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11737}, pages = {147 -- 166}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Der Beitrag „Die innere Gestalt der Worte. Zur Multimodalit{\"a}t von Poesiefilmen" von Matthias C. H{\"a}nselmann widmet sich der relativ neuen Filmgattung des Poesiefilms und lotet aus, welche Modalit{\"a}ten bei der {\"U}berf{\"u}hrung einer literarisch-lyrischen Gedichtvorlage in filmische Strukturen wie zum Einsatz kommen, und erweitert damit das systematisch-theoretische Feld ‚klassischer' Multimodalit{\"a}t.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Limbrunner2023, author = {Limbrunner, Franziska}, title = {D{\"u}stere Visionen: Die Neuverhandlung westlicher Wertekonzepte in franz{\"o}sischsprachigen Dystopien des 21. Jahrhunderts}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11890}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {VI, 329 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Diese Arbeit zeigt mittels einer vergleichenden Analyse repr{\"a}sentativer Einzelwerke aus der frankophonen Romanproduktion die Kerndiskurse der franz{\"o}sischsprachigen Dystopie im 21. Jahrhundert auf. Durch die Herausarbeitung der neuen thematischen Schwerpunkte wird nicht nur umfassend Einblick in die Gattungsentwicklung der letzten Jahre im Rahmen der frankophonen Kulturlandschaft gegeben, sondern es treten dabei sowohl die dystopischen Anliegen und Bef{\"u}rchtungen hervor, die spezifisch f{\"u}r die franz{\"o}sische Bev{\"o}lkerung sind, als auch andere, die gewissermaßen als allgemein zivilisatorisch angesehen werden k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @article{Thir2023, author = {Thir, Veronika}, title = {Co-text, context, and listening proficiency as crucial variables in intelligibility among nonnative users of English}, series = {Studies in Second Language Acquisition}, volume = {45}, journal = {Studies in Second Language Acquisition}, number = {5}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, doi = {10.1017/S0272263123000207}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16374}, pages = {1210 -- 1231}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Research on intelligibility in international encounters has long focused on issues of pronunciation to the detriment of factors such as linguistic co-text and extralinguistic context, which are comparatively well-studied variables in intelligibility research concerning L1 listeners. This paper seeks to expand the scope of international intelligibility research in this respect by reporting on a large-scale study involving 423 nonnative listeners at different proficiency levels, who transcribed words spoken with another nonnative accent under four conditions that varied in the availability of syntactic, semantic, and schematic cues. The results suggest that co-text and context as well as listening proficiency are crucial variables that ought to receive greater attention in research on international intelligibility. The pedagogical implications of these findings are addressed as well.}, language = {en} } @article{Kaiser2023, author = {Kaiser, Tobias}, title = {Growth of log-analytic functions}, series = {Archiv der Mathematik}, volume = {120}, journal = {Archiv der Mathematik}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s00013-023-01857-y}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023091614564557203657}, pages = {605 -- 614}, year = {2023}, abstract = {We show that unary log-analytic functions are polynomially bounded. In the higher dimensional case, globally a log-analytic function can have exponential growth. We show that a log-analytic function is polynomially bounded on a definable set which contains the germ of every ray at infinity.}, language = {en} } @article{FelfeliStahl2023, author = {Felfeli, Anna and Stahl, Bernhard}, title = {Mutual desecuritization as a model of d{\´e}tente? Foreign policy change in the US-Cuban dyad}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Friedens- und Konfliktforschung}, volume = {12}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Friedens- und Konfliktforschung}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s42597-023-00104-z}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023110610482836615655}, pages = {59 -- 86}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In foreign policy dyads characterized by enmity, mutual desecuritization can serve as a crucial asset for d{\´e}tente. But how does "the way out of the emergency mode" function, considering mutual securitizations over decades? Embarking from theoretical insights provided by second generation scholars on securitization and desecuritization studies, the authors generate a theory-based model of d{\´e}tente for dyads. This analytical tool contributes to the study of the dissolution of historically grown, mutual (re-)securitization processes in interstate relations. By clarifying the impact and functioning of the four desecuritizing modes (replacement, silencing, change through stabilization, and rearticulation), our model allows us to trace dynamics of change and assess the sustainability of d{\´e}tente. Especially mutual desecuritization as rearticulation has the potential to substantially change the self-other relation with effects on the social structure of a foreign policy dyad. The heuristic case study of US-Cuban relations serves as a prime example of a complex dyad of enmity which became a subject of change due to the Obama-Castro diplomacy in 2014. The study on US-Cuban foreign policy issues before and after 2014 helps to sharpen our understanding of dynamic securitization and desecuritization processes. The overall analysis demonstrates that the modes of desecuritization during the Obama-Castro diplomacy lifted the process of d{\´e}tente to a new and unprecedented level.}, language = {en} } @article{Klumpp2023, author = {Klumpp, Lorenz}, title = {Exploring the distinction between populism through and by the media from a visual perspective: representations of German politicians on magazine covers of Der Spiegel and Compact}, series = {Visual Communication}, volume = {24}, journal = {Visual Communication}, number = {1}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, doi = {10.1177/14703572231173079}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16450}, pages = {148 -- 177}, year = {2023}, abstract = {By drawing on a communication-based approach to populism, this article argues that populism research should put more emphasis on the performative and stylistic dimension of the phenomenon, including its visual elements, in different media formats. The study theoretically refers to the distinction of populism through and by the media, which has been discussed to a great extent in populist political communication research. Empirically, the author focuses on visual representations of politicians on the covers of the German news weekly Der Spiegel as well as those of Compact - a far-right alternative magazine. The article argues that political magazines contribute to how the political is imagined, particularly by the visual messages they convey via their front pages. An image type analysis of both magazines' covers between 2010 and 2020 is conducted (N = 103) in order to explore patterns in the visual representations of German politicians disseminated by the magazines. On the one hand, the comparison of a mainstream and far-right alternative medium enriches the theoretical debate of how populism is strengthened by opportunity structures through the media. On the other hand, the issue of how populism is actively promoted by the media is addressed.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Liang2023, author = {Liang, Hanning}, title = {Deflectometric Measurement of the Topography of Reflecting Freeform Surfaces in Motion}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11672}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xiv, 157 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Measuring the topography of specular surfaces with strong surface structures in motion was impossible before this research. A new method based on singleshot phase-measuring de ectometry (SSPMD) and combining different solution aspects has been presented.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Miketta2023, author = {Miketta, Yvonne}, title = {Frame-Semantik und Plastikw{\"o}rter: Lexikologische Untersuchungen zur sprachlichen Signifikanz in der Politik des 21. Jahrhunderts}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12881}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {390 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Was m{\"o}chten Politikerinnen und Politiker mit dem Gesagten wirklich ausdr{\"u}cken? Welchen spezifischen Zweck erf{\"u}llen bestimmte Worte im politischen Kontext? In dieser Arbeit wird die sprachliche Signifikanz des Zusammenspiels von Frame-Semantik und Plastikw{\"o}rtern im Kontext der Politik des 21. Jahrhunderts untersucht. Nach der Vorstellung dieser beiden Theorien werden grundlegende Definitionen aus der Frame-Semantik und der Forschung zu Plastikw{\"o}rtern adaptiert, um das Vokabular in der politischen Kommunikation fachlich ad{\"a}quat analysieren zu k{\"o}nnen. F{\"u}r diese politolinguistische Analyse wurde eigenst{\"a}ndig ein Untersuchungskorpus erstellt, das aus Reden und Redeanteilen von deutschen Politikerinnen und Politikern aus dem Zeitraum von 2005 bis 2020 besteht. Das Korpus umfasst Reden bzw. Redeanteile verschiedener Politikerinnen und Politiker. Die korpuslinguistische Analyse soll den Zusammenhang zwischen Frame-Semantik und Plastikw{\"o}rtern in der Politik, sowie die dabei auftretenden sprachlichen Muster und Praktiken empirisch nachweisen. Hierzu wurde eine com-putergest{\"u}tzte Analyse mithilfe der Programmiersprachen Python und R durchgef{\"u}hrt. Sprache in der Politik bietet einen relevanten Themenbereich der Sprachwissenschaft. Sie ist durch die Medien in der Gesellschaft omnipr{\"a}sent und betrifft alle B{\"u}rgerinnen und B{\"u}rger. Aus diesem Grund ist die Bearbeitung dieses Fachgebietes von allgemeinem Interesse. Der kombinierte quantitative wie qualitative Einsatz von Frame-Semantik und Plastikwort-Forschung bei der Analyse eines politiksprachlichen Korpus stellt ein Forschungsdesiderat dar.}, subject = {Frame-Semantik}, language = {de} } @misc{SieberSiwek2023, author = {Sieber, Andrea and Siwek, Julia}, title = {Parzival, multimodal. Digitale Zug{\"a}nge zu illustrierten Parzival-Handschriften}, issn = {2364-9224}, doi = {10.15475/skms.2023.1.9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11779}, pages = {257 -- 296}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Der Beitrag „Parzival, multimodal. Digitale Zug{\"a}nge zu illustrierten Parzival-Handschriften" von Andrea Sieber und Julia Siwek widmet sich an der Schnittstelle von fachwissenschaftlicher Expertise und kompetenzorientierter Anwendung digitalen Zug{\"a}ngen zu illustrierten Parzival-Handschriften. Er analysiert die multimodalen Besonderheiten der Digitalisate und zeigt auf, wie diese in einem digitalen Lehr-Lern-Medium im H5P-Format f{\"u}r die F{\"o}rderung multimodaler Kompetenz eingesetzt werden k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @misc{Dick2023, author = {Dick, Mirjam E.}, title = {Multimodale Prompts als zielscharfe hochschuldidaktische Lehr-Lernelemente. Implikationen aus der Deutschlehrkr{\"a}ftebildung zu einer ‚neuen Medialit{\"a}t'}, issn = {2364-9224}, doi = {10.15475/skms.2023.1.11}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11790}, pages = {327 -- 354}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Der Beitrag „Multimodale Prompts als zielscharfe hochschuldidaktische Lehr-Lernelemente. Implikationen aus der Deutschlehrkr{\"a}ftebildung zu einer ‚neuen Medialit{\"a}t'" von Mirjam Dick erl{\"a}utert aus deutschdidaktischer Perspektive am Beispiel des Medienverbunds ‚M{\"a}rchen', wie semiotische Strategien im Umgang mit multimodalen Texten in Lehr-Lernsituationen angewendet werden k{\"o}nnen. Die Ergebnisse werden f{\"u}r die Lehrkr{\"a}ftebildung wirksam gemacht, indem aufzeigt wird, welche Rolle eine multimodal literacy im Umgang mit multimodalen Texten spielt.}, language = {de} } @misc{SchlintlPissarek2023, author = {Schlintl, Magdalena and Pissarek, Markus}, title = {Multimodalit{\"a}t im Literaturunterricht}, issn = {2364-9224}, doi = {10.15475/skms.2023.1.10}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11780}, pages = {297 -- 326}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Der Beitrag „Multimodalit{\"a}t im Literaturunterricht" von Magdalena Schlintl und Markus Pissarek beleuchtet, wie multimodale, literarische und nicht-literarische Texte zum Erwerb von prozeduralem Handlungswissen im Bereich der semiotisch fundierten Textanalyse und -interpretation beitragen. Neben der multimodalen Transferf{\"a}higkeit zeigt er grundlegend auf, welche Relevanz das Ph{\"a}nomen Multimodalit{\"a}t als Unterrichtsmedium, Unterrichtsgegenstand und Unterst{\"u}tzungsinstrument im Deutschunterricht hat.}, language = {de} } @article{AnagnostopoulosTeymuriSeratietal.2023, author = {Anagnostopoulos, Nikolaos Athanasios and Teymuri, Benyamin and Serati, Reza and Rasti, Mehdi}, title = {LP-MAB: Improving the Energy Efficiency of LoRaWAN Using a Reinforcement-Learning-Based Adaptive Configuration Algorithm}, series = {Sensors}, volume = {23}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {4}, editor = {Xie, Bin and Wang, Ning and Gu, Yi and Stefanidis, Angelos}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel, Switzerland}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {10.3390/s23042363}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11853}, pages = {22 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In the Internet of Things (IoT), Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) are designed to provide low energy consumption while maintaining a long communications' range for End Devices (EDs). LoRa is a communication protocol that can cover a wide range with low energy consumption. To evaluate the efficiency of the LoRa Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN), three criteria can be considered, namely, the Packet Delivery Rate (PDR), Energy Consumption (EC), and coverage area. A set of transmission parameters have to be configured to establish a communication link. These parameters can affect the data rate, noise resistance, receiver sensitivity, and EC. The Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) algorithm is a mechanism to configure the transmission parameters of EDs aiming to improve the PDR. Therefore, we introduce a new algorithm using the Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) technique, to configure the EDs' transmission parameters in a centralized manner on the Network Server (NS) side, while improving the EC, too. The performance of the proposed algorithm, the Low-Power Multi-Armed Bandit (LP-MAB), is evaluated through simulation results and is compared with other approaches in different scenarios. The simulation results indicate that the LP-MAB's EC outperforms other algorithms while maintaining a relatively high PDR in various circumstances.}, language = {en} } @article{Voigt2023, author = {Voigt, Brigitte}, title = {EU regulation of gene-edited plants — A reform proposal}, series = {Frontiers in Genome Editing}, volume = {5}, journal = {Frontiers in Genome Editing}, publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.}, address = {Lausanne, Switzerland}, issn = {2673-3439}, doi = {10.3389/fgeed.2023.1119442}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-11849}, pages = {7 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This article presents a proposal on how the European Union's regulatory framework on genetically modified (GM) plants should be reformed in light of recent developments in genomic plant breeding techniques. The reform involves a three-tier system reflecting the genetic changes and resulting traits of GM plants. The article is intended to contribute to the ongoing debate over how best to regulate plant gene editing techniques in the EU.}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-1906, title = {Data disclosure}, series = {Global and comparative data law (edited by Moritz Hennemann; Lea Katharina Kumkar; Linda Kuschel; Bj{\"o}rn Steinr{\"o}tter)}, volume = {2023}, journal = {Global and comparative data law (edited by Moritz Hennemann; Lea Katharina Kumkar; Linda Kuschel; Bj{\"o}rn Steinr{\"o}tter)}, number = {volume 2}, editor = {Hennemann, Moritz and Lewinski, Kai von and Wawra, Daniela and Widjaja, Thomas}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, address = {Berlin/Boston}, doi = {10.1515/9783111010601-001}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023031216403784842331}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XI, 215 Seiten}, year = {2023}, subject = {Personenbezogene Daten}, language = {en} } @article{GhodselahiKuhn2023, author = {Ghodselahi, Abdolhamid and Kuhn, Fabian}, title = {Toward Online Mobile Facility Location on General Metrics}, series = {Theory of Computing Systems}, volume = {67}, journal = {Theory of Computing Systems}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s00224-023-10145-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024022609363705445898}, pages = {1268 -- 1306}, year = {2023}, abstract = {We introduce an online variant of mobile facility location (MFL) (introduced by Demaine et al. (SODA 258-267 2007)). We call this new problem online mobile facility location (OMFL). In the OMFL problem, initially, we are given a set of k mobile facilities with their starting locations. One by one, requests are added. After each request arrives, one can make some changes to the facility locations before the subsequent request arrives. Each request is always assigned to the nearest facility. The cost of this assignment is the distance from the request to the facility. The objective is to minimize the total cost, which consists of the relocation cost of facilities and the distance cost of requests to their nearest facilities. We provide a lower bound for the OMFL problem that even holds on uniform metrics. A natural approach to solve the OMFL problem for general metric spaces is to utilize hierarchically well-separated trees (HSTs) and directly solve the OMFL problem on HSTs. In this paper, we provide the first step in this direction by solving a generalized variant of the OMFL problem on uniform metrics that we call G-OMFL. We devise a simple deterministic online algorithm and provide a tight analysis for the algorithm. The second step remains an open question. Inspired by the k-server problem, we introduce a new variant of the OMFL problem that focuses solely on minimizing movement cost. We refer to this variant as M-OMFL. Additionally, we provide a lower bound for M-OMFL that is applicable even on uniform metrics.}, language = {en} } @article{Rensmann2023, author = {Rensmann, Lars}, title = {Illusions of sovereignty : understanding populist crowds with Hannah Arendt}, series = {The Review of Politics}, volume = {85}, journal = {The Review of Politics}, number = {4}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, doi = {10.1017/S0034670523000232}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16400}, pages = {450 -- 473}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This article reconstructs Hannah Arendt's theoretical arguments in relation to current authoritarian-populist crowds, which can be understood as organized mobs of the twenty-first century. Drawn from all classes and originating in societal and political disenfranchisement, in Arendt's understanding they are rebellious nihilists who falsely believe they represent the people as a whole while they exclude any citizens who do not share their tribal nationalism and leader worshiping. Illuminating conditions of their emergence, Arendt also helps to elucidate what drives the populist crowds' illusions about an uncompromising "sovereign will" they and their leaders claim to embody. Such illusions benefit from broader modern trends eroding differences between facts, opinion, truth, and lies. In public environments suffering from destabilized factual truths, organized lies can easily fill a political vacuum generated by crises of political modernity. Unpacking interrelated theoretical trajectories, it is argued that an Arendtian framework can significantly contribute to the study of present-day authoritarian populism.}, language = {en} } @article{KravetsRyzhovaToepfletal.2023, author = {Kravets, Daria and Ryzhova, Anna and Toepfl, Florian and Beseler, Arista}, title = {Different platforms, different plots? The Kremlin-controlled search engine Yandex as a resource for Russia's informational influence in Belarus during the COVID-19 pandemic}, series = {Journalism}, volume = {24}, journal = {Journalism}, number = {12}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, doi = {10.1177/14648849231157845}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16430}, pages = {2762 -- 2780}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Extant research demonstrated that the algorithms of the Kremlin-controlled search engine Yandex, compared to those of its US-based counterpart Google, frequently produce results that are biased toward the interests of Russia's ruling elites. Prior research, however, audited Yandex's algorithms largely within Russia. In contrast, this study is the first to assess the role of Yandex's web search algorithms as a resource for Russia's informational influence abroad. To do so, we conduct a comparative algorithm audit of Google and Yandex in Belarus, examining the visibility and narratives of COVID-19-related conspiracy theories in their search results. By manually analysing the content of 1320 search results collected in mid-April to mid-May 2020, we find that, compared with Google, (1) Yandex retrieves significantly more conspiratorial content (2) that close to exclusively suspects US plotters to be behind the pandemic, even though the virus spread from the Chinese city of Wuhan across the globe.}, language = {en} } @article{KaeglerSchreiner2023, author = {K{\"a}gler, Britta and Schreiner, Eva-Maria}, title = {Women, opera and the public stage in eighteenth-century Venice : Fondazione Levi, Venice, 23-24 May 2022}, series = {Eighteenth-Century Music}, volume = {20}, journal = {Eighteenth-Century Music}, number = {1}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, doi = {10.1017/S147857062200029X}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16410}, pages = {116 -- 119}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @article{StrunkStrich2023, author = {Strunk, Kim Simon and Strich, Franz}, title = {Building professional holding environments for crowd work job crafting through online communities}, series = {Information Systems Journal}, volume = {33}, journal = {Information Systems Journal}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, doi = {10.1111/isj.12451}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16315}, pages = {1239 -- 1274}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Work is increasingly being organised via online platforms outside guiding organisational structures. Instead of having colleagues at work, crowd workers connect in online communities. We investigate how crowd workers build professional holding environments in online communities to compensate for the lack of organisational structures and we consider how they craft their crowd work activities to enhance their work experience and reduce its long-term precarity. Following a qualitative research design, this paper uses 675 forum interactions collected across six online communities. Based on our findings, we propose the concept of professional holding environments and provide a model for building such holding environments and job crafting in online communities. We thereby expand previous research on holding environments comprised of family members and friends by revealing the impact of professional online communities and their role in professionalisation and crafting supportive social structures in online crowd work.}, language = {en} } @article{HeviaFajardoSudholt2023, author = {Hevia Fajardo, Mario Alejandro and Sudholt, Dirk}, title = {Self-adjusting Population Sizes for Non-elitist Evolutionary Algorithms: why Success Rates Matter}, series = {Algorithmica}, volume = {86}, journal = {Algorithmica}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s00453-023-01153-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023102616463077837436}, pages = {526 -- 565}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are general-purpose optimisers that come with several parameters like the sizes of parent and offspring populations or the mutation rate. It is well known that the performance of EAs may depend drastically on these parameters. Recent theoretical studies have shown that self-adjusting parameter control mechanisms that tune parameters during the algorithm run can provably outperform the best static parameters in EAs on discrete problems. However, the majority of these studies concerned elitist EAs and we do not have a clear answer on whether the same mechanisms can be applied for non-elitist EAs. We study one of the best-known parameter control mechanisms, the one-fifth success rule, to control the offspring population size λ in the non-elitist (1, λ) EA. It is known that the (1, λ) EA has a sharp threshold with respect to the choice of λ where the expected runtime on the benchmark function OneMax changes from polynomial to exponential time. Hence, it is not clear whether parameter control mechanisms are able to find and maintain suitable values of λ. For OneMax we show that the answer crucially depends on the success rates (i. e. a one-(s + 1)-th success rule). We prove that, if the success rate is appropriately small, the self-adjusting (1, λ) EA optimises OneMax in O(n) expected generations and O(n log n) expected evaluations, the best possible runtime for any unary unbiased black-box algorithm. A small success rate is crucial: we also show that if the success rate is too large, the algorithm has an exponential runtime on OneMax and other functions with similar characteristics.}, language = {en} } @article{Mussotter2023, author = {Mußotter, Marlene}, title = {On nation, homeland, and democracy: Toward a novel three-factor measurement model for nationalism and patriotism. Evidence from two representative studies}, series = {Political Psychology}, volume = {45}, journal = {Political Psychology}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, doi = {10.1111/pops.12945}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16352}, pages = {903 -- 921}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This article calls for revisiting the predominant yet flawed nationalism-patriotism dichotomy, which has to date remained unchallenged. It advocates for a more nuanced triad: nationalism, exclusively referring to the nation; patriotism, revolving around the homeland; and democratic patriotism, with democracy as its object of attachment. This novel conceptual approach explicitly theorizes these three objects of attachment, which have hitherto rarely been considered. In so doing, the article synthesizes the field's predominant research traditions that have not been fully recognized as diverging nor been simultaneously investigated. By responding to calls for more theoretically robust measures, it not only makes a theoretical but also an empirical contribution to the field. Drawing on data from a representative sample (N = 1875) in Germany in 2022, the study introduces a three-factor measurement model of nationalism, patriotism, and democratic patriotism. Taking into account both the antecedents of the triad and its impact on outgroup hostility, the measures are further validated. To establish its applicability in non-German contexts, the model is additionally supported using data from a representative sample (N = 1164) in Denmark in 2022.}, language = {en} } @article{BeurskensScherzinger2023, author = {Beurskens, Michael and Scherzinger, Stefanie}, title = {Datenbankherstellerrecht und Datenbankforschung}, series = {Datenbank-Spektrum}, volume = {2023}, journal = {Datenbank-Spektrum}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s13222-023-00446-1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023110108224475089339}, pages = {143 -- 152}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In diesem {\"U}bersichtsartikel stellen wir das Datenbankherstellerrecht vor. Hierbei handelt es sich nicht, wie man aus dem Blickwinkel eines juristischen Laien und Mitglied der Datenbankforschungsgemeinde meinen k{\"o}nnte, um die Rechte bei der Entwicklung einer Datenbankmanagementsoftware, sondern um die Rechte des Herstellers einer Datenbankinstanz. Auch Forschende oder Forschungsinstitutionen werden beim Forschungsdatenmanagement zu Datenbankherstellern, ins- besondere wenn sie Forschungsartefakte verf{\"u}gbar machen. Somit gewinnt die zugrundeliegende EU-Richtlinie aus den 1990er-Jahren an neuer Brisanz. Unser Beitrag gibt einen systematischen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber den rechtlichen Schutz der einzelnen Komponenten einer Datenbankanwendung. Insbesondere stellen wir das Datenbankherstellerrecht und praktische Anwendungsf{\"a}lle vor, sowie ankn{\"u}pfende Forschungsfragen.}, language = {de} } @article{GaginBettermanndeMeer2023, author = {Gagin, Stepan and Bettermann, Michael and de Meer, Hermann}, title = {Multi-vector optimization scheme for distributed components in energy islands}, series = {e+i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik}, volume = {140}, journal = {e+i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s00502-023-01145-1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023110413071966670578}, pages = {460 -- 470}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Recent advancements in energy systems, such as the emergence of prosumers and sector coupling approaches, introduce additional flexibilities over multiple energy sectors, such as heating, electricity, and mobility. Due to the complexity of such distributed systems, the optimization of energy allocation is a non-trivial task, especially considering constraints and limitations introduced by distributed devices or sub-systems. Additionally, the variety of devices forces approaches to be highly situational and not universally applicable. In this paper, a two-level optimization scheme is proposed, which aims at reducing the optimization complexity of sector-coupled systems. The multi-vector optimization embedded in the two-level optimization scheme is formulated as a mixed-integer linear problem, optimizing the energy flow between domains, which are modeled as an abstraction of a sector. Distributed devices are modeled as components that represent an abstraction of devices connected to an energy domain. The optimization process is evaluated based on the data from a residential complex in Ghent, Belgium. It shows that the approach is capable of minimizing costs, CO2 emissions, and dependency on external resources.}, language = {en} } @article{FinkForsterHeinrich2023, author = {Fink, Thomas and Forster, Brigitte and Heinrich, Florian}, title = {Gabor's "complex signal" revisited: Complexifying frames and bases}, series = {PAMM (Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics)}, volume = {23}, journal = {PAMM (Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics)}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, doi = {10.1002/pamm.202300155}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023091815015485698899}, pages = {8}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In 1946, Dennis Gabor introduced the analytic signal 𝑓 + 𝑖𝐻𝑓 for real-valued signals 𝑓. Here, 𝐻 is the Hilbert transform. This complexification of functions allows for an analysis of their amplitude and phase information and has ever since given well-interpretable insight into the properties of the signals over time. The idea of complexification has been reconsidered with regard to many aspects: examples are the dual tree complex wavelet transform, or via the Riesz transform and the monogenic signal, that is, a multi-dimensional version of the Hilbert transform, which in combination with multi-resolution approaches leads to Riesz wavelets, and others. In this context, we ask two questions: - Which pairs of real orthonormal bases (ONBs), Riesz bases, frames and Parseval frames {𝑓 𝑛 } 𝑛∈ℕ and {𝑔 𝑛 } 𝑛∈ℕ can be "rebricked" to complex-valued ones {𝑓𝑛 + 𝑖𝑔 𝑛 } 𝑛∈ℕ? - And which real operators A allow for rebricking via the ansatz {𝑓𝑛 + 𝑖𝐴𝑓𝑛 } 𝑛∈ℕ? In this short note, we give answers to these questions with regard to a characterization which linear operators A are suitable for rebricking while maintaining the structure of the original real valued family. Surprisingly, the Hilbert transform is not among them.}, language = {en} } @book{Huebenthal2023, author = {Huebenthal, Sandra}, title = {Memory theory in New Testament studies : exploring new perspectives}, publisher = {Brill Sch{\"o}ningh}, address = {Paderborn}, isbn = {978-3-657-79081-4}, doi = {10.30965/9783657790814}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14102}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {IX, 315 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This book collects ten of Sandra Huebenthal's most important contributions to the application of Social Memory Theory in Biblical studies. The volume consists of four parts, each devoted to a particular field of research. Part one addresses the general impact of Social Memory Theory for the New Testament. The second part analyzes how Social Memory Theory adds to exploring the phenomenon of (biblical) intertextuality as a strategy for negotiating Early Christian identity and the third part investigates how New Testament pseudepigraphy provides a different approach for understanding the negotiation and formation of Christian identities. Finally, part four provides an outlook how the hermeneutical approach can enhance Patristic research. The ten essays originate from discussions about Social Memory Theory and the New Testament at international conferences, three of them are translations of German contributions, while two are published for the first time in this volume. (Verlagsbeschreibung)}, language = {en} } @article{Henkel2023, author = {Henkel, Anna}, title = {Nachhaltige Digitalisierung. Gesellschaftliche Transformation, autonome Materialit{\"a}t und der Fall des Digital Farming}, series = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie}, volume = {33}, journal = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s11609-023-00500-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024010810053745746335}, pages = {289 -- 318}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Nachhaltigkeit und Digitalisierung sind zwei Tendenzen gesellschaftlichen Wandels, die in verschiedene Richtungen weisen. Nachhaltigkeit wird als angestrebte, jedoch im Ergebnis unzureichend bleibende Ver{\"a}nderung gesehen, w{\"a}hrend Digitalisierung - erw{\"u}nscht oder auch nicht - schlicht erfolgt. Diese Diskrepanz zu untersuchen, ist eine Herausforderung auch f{\"u}r die soziologische Theorie. Nachdem Nachhaltigkeit und Digitalisierung bislang meist unabh{\"a}ngig voneinander in den Blick genommen wurden, erlaubt eine materialit{\"a}tstheoretisch erweiterte Gesellschaftstheorie ein soziologisches Zusammendenken und eine Erkl{\"a}rung f{\"u}r die Unterschiedlichkeit der Dynamiken gesellschaftlichen Wandels: In der spezifischen, n{\"a}mlich autonomen Materialit{\"a}t der modernen Gesellschaft ist Digitalisierung bereits angelegt, w{\"a}hrend eine nachhaltige Entwicklung eine Transformation dieser Materialit{\"a}t selbst erfordert. Am Fallbeispiel des Digital Farming wird diese These n{\"a}her ausgef{\"u}hrt. Den Abschluss des Beitrags bilden {\"U}berlegungen zu Herausforderungen, Bedingungen und M{\"o}glichkeiten einer nachhaltigen Digitalisierung.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Li2023, author = {Li, Yuze}, title = {Das System des Leistungsst{\"o}rungsrechts - eine vergleichende Studie zum deutschen und chinesischen Recht}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13712}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XVI, 296 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Das chinesische Zivilgesetzbuch wurde am 28. Mai 2020 verk{\"u}ndet, mit vielen {\"A}nderungen gegen{\"u}ber der vorherigen Gesetzgebung. In diesem Zusammenhang ist das Leistungsst{\"o}rungsrecht, das ein Kerngebiet des Schuldrechts ist, neu zu erfassen. Dies soll insbesondere anhand des deutschen Leistungsst{\"o}rungsrechts und eines Vergleichs zwischen beiden geschehen. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich daher mit einer Reihe grundlegender Fragen des chinesischen Leistungsst{\"o}rungsrechts. So kann man sich {\"u}ber die Herkunft des chinesischen Vertragsrechts, seinen gegenw{\"a}rtigen Stand, das rechtliche Regelsystem sowie die einschl{\"a}gige Behandlung in der Rechtsprechung informieren.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Nagelmueller2023, author = {Nagelm{\"u}ller, Mauritius}, title = {Litigation Finance in Environmental Disputes}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15269}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XLV, 266 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Litigation finance can be deployed within the field of environmental disputes as effectively as in traditionally targeted practice areas, in order to further the aims of environmental protection. To substantiate this statement, the mechanism of litigation finance will be scrutinized first, alongside its application to date in the four jurisdictions where its usage is established. Secondly, features characteristic of environmental disputes will be identified in order to assess the potential of their applicability to litigation finance. Finally, these two domains are analyzed in an integrated manner, through case studies of environmental disputes which have been financed to identify key challenges as well as potential impact. In conclusion, this thesis describes how litigation finance can be effectively employed for environmental disputes and offers a guideline for financing environmental disputes successfully.}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-1404, title = {Negotiating Chinese infrastructures of modern mobilities : insights from Southeast Asia}, number = {16(2) 2023}, editor = {Rowedder, Simon and Wilcox, Phill and Brandtst{\"a}dter, Susanne}, publisher = {SEAS - Society fo South-East Asian Studies}, address = {Wien}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14049}, pages = {175 -- 314}, year = {2023}, abstract = {From transportation to urbanization, energy and digitalization, China-backed projects of infrastructural development are increasingly common throughout Southeast Asia and the global South as both a means and outcome of development. This trend has accelerated since China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013. Against this backdrop, the present ASEAS issue invites to rethink the roles infrastructure plays in forms of development that place connectivity at the center. Contents: Simon Rowedder, Phill Wilcox \& Susanne Brandtst{\"a}dter Negotiating Chinese Infrastructures of Modern Mobilities: Insights from Southeast Asia Current Research on Southeast Asia Panitda Saiyarod The Deviated Route: Navigating the Logistical Power Landscape of the Mekong Border Trade Franziska S. Nicolaisen The Politicization of Mobility Infrastructures in Vietnam — The Hanoi Metro Project at the Nexus of Urban Development, Fragmented Mobilities, and National Security Arratee Ayuttacorn Chinese Investor Networks and the Politics of Infrastructure Projects in the Eastern Economic Corridor in Thailand Karin Dean Belt and Road Initiative in Northern Myanmar: The Local World of China's Global Investments Mira K{\"a}k{\"o}nen Entangled Enclaves: Dams, Volatile Rivers, and Chinese Infrastructural Engagement in Cambodia Research Workshop Tim Oakes Infrastructure Power, Circulation and Suspension Susanne Brandtst{\"a}dter Infrastructural Fragility, Infra-Politics and Jianghu Book Reviews Michael Kleinod-Freudenberg Book Review: Tappe, O., \& Rowedder, S. (Eds.). (2022). Extracting Development: Contested Resource Frontiers in Mainland Southeast Asia}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Daenzer2023, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {D{\"a}nzer, Melissa}, title = {Fahrradfreundliche Stadtentwicklung: Eine vergleichende Analyse der Wahrnehmung der Fahrradfreundlichkeit von Touristen und Einheimischen in Gunzenhausen im Fr{\"a}nkischen Seenland}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15079}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {III, 53 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die ansteigende Relevanz umweltfreundlicher Mobilit{\"a}t und die gesteigerte F{\"o}rderung des Fahrradfahrens in st{\"a}dtischen Gebieten spiegeln den verst{\"a}rkten Fokus auf nachhaltige Verkehrsmittel wider. St{\"a}dte m{\"u}ssen auf die zunehmenden Verkehrsbelastungen und Umweltprobleme reagieren, wobei der Fahrradverkehr als eine umweltfreundliche Alternative eine wichtige Rolle einnimmt. In diesem Kontext richtet sich die Aufmerksamkeit dieser Arbeit auf Gunzenhausen, eine Stadt im Fr{\"a}nkischen Seenland, die sich bereits seit Jahren aktiv darum bem{\"u}ht, ihre Fahrradfreundlichkeit zu verbessern. Die im Rahmen dieser Untersuchung durch gef{\"u}hrten Umfrage konzentriert sich auf die unterschiedliche Wahrnehmung der Fahrradfreundlichkeit zwischen Einheimischen und Touristen. Dabei ist von Interesse, ob und in welchem Ausmaß diese beiden Gruppen Unterschiede in ihrer Wahrnehmung der Fahrradfreundlichkeit in Gunzenhausen aufweisen. Die Analyse der Ergebnisse macht differierende Ansichten zwischen Einheimischen und Touristen hinsichtlich der Fahrradfreundlichkeit sichtbar. Diese Unterschiede reflektieren individuelle Perspektiven und Erfahrungen, die relevante Konsequenzen f{\"u}r zuk{\"u}nftige Stadtentwicklung darstellen k{\"o}nnen. Trotz eher geringer Unterschiede ist es wichtig, diese verschiedenen Sichtweisen zu ber{\"u}cksichtigen, um eine weitere Auseinanderentwicklung zu vermeiden. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse betonen die Notwendigkeit, ebendiese Unterschiede genauer zu erforschen, um die Fahrradfreundlichkeit in Gunzenhausen zu verbessern und die Ansichten von Einheimischen und Touristen sogar angleichen zu k{\"o}nnen. Im Kontext der globalen Entwicklung hin zu nachhaltigen Verkehrsmitteln und umweltfreundlichen Mobilit{\"a}tsl{\"o}sungen gewinnt die Analyse der Fahrradfreundlichkeit in St{\"a}dten wie Gunzenhausen immer mehr an Relevanz. Die Ergebnisse und die daraus folgenden Erkenntnisse dieser Untersuchung k{\"o}nnen als Grundlage f{\"u}r eine an den Bed{\"u}rfnissen verschiedener Bev{\"o}lkerungsgruppen ausgerichtete Stadtentwicklung dienen. Sowohl die Zukunft des Radfahrens als Verkehrsmittel als auch die Erhaltung und Erweiterung seiner Attraktivit{\"a}t bleiben in Bezug auf die Anpassung st{\"a}dtischer Infrastrukturen weiterhin von Interesse. Die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung unterschiedlicher Perspektiven, wie die f{\"u}r diese Arbeit ausgew{\"a}hlten, kann dabei helfen, eine umfassendere Mobilit{\"a}tsstrategie zu entwickeln, die die Stadt Gunzenhausen und {\"a}hnliche Gebiete umweltfreundlicher und auch lebenswerter gestaltet.}, language = {de} } @book{OPUS4-1400, title = {Mythenjagd : Soziologie mit Norbert Elias}, editor = {Benkel, Thorsten and Meitzler, Matthias}, publisher = {Velbr{\"u}ck Wissenschaft}, address = {Weilerswist}, isbn = {978-3-7489-1579-9}, doi = {10.5771/9783748915799}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14002}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {293 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Der vorliegende Band r{\"u}ckt verschiedene Aspekte und Diskurse rund um Elias' Schaffen in den Vor­der­grund und kontex­tua­­lisiert die generelle soziologische Relevanz seines Schaffens. Er liefert einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die ak­tuel­le Elias-Forschung und verdeutlicht den Stellenwert und die Anschlussf{\"a}higkeit des Elias'schen Werks f{\"u}r so­zialwissenschaftliche bzw. sozialtheo­re­tische Debatten, insbesondere hinsichtlich zeit­ge­n{\"o}s­si­scher ge­sellschaftlicher Ent­wick­lungen. Dabei zeigt sich: Die Wis­sen­schaft selbst, so Elias, l{\"a}uft Gefahr, sich in Mythen zu verfangen, w{\"a}hrend sie die Mythen der Wirk­lich­keit unter die Lupe nimmt. Somit ist Mythenjagd nicht nur ein Schlagwort, sondern auch eine Devise, unter die sich Elias' Gesamtwerk stellen l{\"a}sst.}, language = {de} } @article{LukasczykKroissFraser2023, author = {Lukasczyk, Stephan and Kroiß, Florian and Fraser, Gordon}, title = {An empirical study of automated unit test generation for Python}, series = {Empirical Software Engineering}, volume = {28}, journal = {Empirical Software Engineering}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s10664-022-10248-w}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023081721042349746457}, pages = {1 -- 46}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Various mature automated test generation tools exist for statically typed programming languages such as Java. Automatically generating unit tests for dynamically typed programming languages such as Python, however, is substantially more difficult due to the dynamic nature of these languages as well as the lack of type information. Our P YNGUIN framework provides automated unit test generation for Python. In this paper, we extend our previous work on P YNGUIN to support more aspects of the Python language, and by studying a larger variety of well-established state of the art test-generation algorithms, namely DynaMOSA, MIO, and MOSA. Furthermore, we improved our P YNGUIN tool to generate regression assertions, whose quality we also evaluate. Our experiments confirm that evolutionary algorithms can outperform random test generation also in the context of Python, and similar to the Java world, DynaMOSA yields the highest coverage results. However, our results also demonstrate that there are still fundamental remaining issues, such as inferring type information for code without this information, currently limiting the effectiveness of test generation for Python.}, language = {en} } @article{TrautschErbelHerboldetal.2023, author = {Trautsch, Alexander and Erbel, Johannes and Herbold, Steffen and Grabowski, Jens}, title = {What really changes when developers intend to improve their source code: a commit-level study of static metric value and static analysis warning changes}, series = {Empirical Software Engineering}, volume = {28}, journal = {Empirical Software Engineering}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s10664-022-10257-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023032321174386000821}, pages = {1 -- 40}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @article{Mironchenko2023, author = {Mironchenko, Andrii}, title = {Well-posedness and properties of the flow for semilinear evolution equations}, series = {Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems}, volume = {36}, journal = {Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s00498-023-00378-x}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024022307494197431619}, pages = {483 -- 523}, year = {2023}, abstract = {We derive conditions for well-posedness of semilinear evolution equations with unbounded input operators. Based on this, we provide sufficient conditions for such properties of the flow map as Lipschitz continuity, bounded-implies-continuation property, boundedness of reachability sets, etc. These properties represent a basic toolbox for stability and robustness analysis of semilinear boundary control systems. We cover systems governed by general C0 -semigroups, and analytic semigroups that may have both boundary and distributed disturbances. We illustrate our findings on an example of a Burgers' equation with nonlinear local dynamics and both distributed and boundary disturbances.}, language = {en} } @article{HerboldTunkel2023, author = {Herbold, Steffen and Tunkel, Steffen}, title = {Differential testing for machine learning: an analysis for classification algorithms beyond deep learning}, series = {Empirical Software Engineering}, volume = {28}, journal = {Empirical Software Engineering}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s10664-022-10273-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023033121421148821912}, pages = {1 -- 38}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Differential testing is a useful approach that uses different implementations of the same algorithms and compares the results for software testing. In recent years, this approach was successfully used for test campaigns of deep learning frameworks. There is little knowledge about the application of differential testing beyond deep learning. Within this article, we want to close this gap for classification algorithms. We conduct a case study using Scikit-learn, Weka, Spark MLlib, and Caret in which we identify the potential of differential testing by considering which algorithms are available in multiple frameworks, the feasibility by identifying pairs of algorithms that should exhibit the same behavior, and the effectiveness by executing tests for the identified pairs and analyzing the deviations. While we found a large potential for popular algorithms, the feasibility seems limited because, often, it is not possible to determine configurations that are the same in other frameworks. The execution of the feasible tests revealed that there is a large number of deviations for the scores and classes. Only a lenient approach based on statistical significance of classes does not lead to a huge amount of test failures. The potential of differential testing beyond deep learning seems limited for research into the quality of machine learning libraries. Practitioners may still use the approach if they have deep knowledge about implementations, especially if a coarse oracle that only considers significant differences of classes is sufficient.}, language = {en} } @article{RudolfSchaer2023, author = {Rudolf, Daniel and Sch{\"a}r, Philip}, title = {Dimension-independent spectral gap of polar slice sampling}, series = {Statistics and Computing}, volume = {34}, journal = {Statistics and Computing}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s11222-023-10335-y}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024011821064231531382}, pages = {14 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Polar slice sampling, a Markov chain construction for approximate sampling, performs, under suitable assumptions on the target and initial distribution, provably independent of the state space dimension. We extend the aforementioned result of Roberts and Rosenthal (Stoch Model 18(2):257-280, 2002) by developing a theory which identifies conditions, in terms of a generalized level set function, that imply an explicit lower bound on the spectral gap even in a general slice sampling context. Verifying the identified conditions for polar slice sampling yields a lower bound of 1/2 on the spectral gap for arbitrary dimension if the target density is rotationally invariant, log-concave along rays emanating from the origin and sufficiently smooth. The general theoretical result is potentially applicable beyond the polar slice sampling framework.}, language = {en} } @article{WeissgerberBenAmorFelliciousetal.2023, author = {Weißgerber, Thomas and Ben Amor, Mehdi and Fellicious, Christofer and Granitzer, Michael}, title = {PyPads: Transparent Machine Learning Experiment Tracking}, series = {Datenbank-Spektrum}, volume = {24}, journal = {Datenbank-Spektrum}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s13222-023-00459-w}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024021511222778687954}, pages = {53 -- 62}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Despite algorithmic advancements in the field of machine learning, a need for improvement in the infrastructure supporting machine learning development and research has become increasingly apparent. Machine learning experiments usually tend to be more ad-hoc in nature, and results are communicated most often in the form of a publication. Experimental details are often omitted due to size or time constraints, or simply because the complexity in terms of technical setup or parametrization became intractable. Even access to code bases, disregard important properties of the environment and experimental setup, like for example random generators or computing infrastructure. At the same time, tracking and communicating an often inherently exploratory scientific process is a task with considerable effort. We explored different venues to tackle these issues from a data science engineering point of view. The efforts resulted in PyPads, a framework providing an infrastructure to extend experimental setups with logging, communication and analysis features in a mostly non-intrusive way. PyPads can be extended to different Python-based frameworks, utilizing community driven, descriptive metadata in an effort to harmonize library specific logs in an ontology. Meanwhile, we also try to emphasize similarities to practices in software engineering, which have turned out to be essential in practical applications.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{DwiLaksmana2023, author = {Dwi Laksmana, Dimas}, title = {Knowledge in the making : embodying transdisciplinary moments on organic agriculture in Yogyakarta, Indonesia}, address = {Passau}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12667}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {154 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Organic agriculture in Java, Indonesia, has been historically intertwined with social movements that struggled for more economically, ecologically, culturally, and socially sustainable agriculture. While these grassroots movements emerged under an authoritarian government that showed little interest in organic agriculture, the turn of the 21st century saw the rapid involvement of the Indonesian government in supporting, regulating and, arguably, commodifying organic agriculture. Institutionalization triggered diverse responses from competing organic actors, reflecting their different standpoints and knowledges. In this context, a transdisciplinary approach is deemed suitable to provide context-specific insights into organic agriculture. This dissertation draws on anthropology and Science and Technology Studies (STS) to explore the politics of knowledge of organic agriculture in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, as a contribution to a critique of transdisciplinarity. My interest on the hierarchization of different knowledges is inspired by the work of anthropologists of knowledge that asks how the communities they study construct knowledge and how they themselves construct knowledge about these communities. Since transdisciplinary knowledge is co-produced by science and society and reflects their embedded power relations, transdisciplinary research needs to be open to different interpretations, and reflexive towards the unequal distribution of resources, accountability, and responsibility. By linking these two lines of thought, I examine the making of knowledges through reflexive transdisciplinary work. I reflect on how "epistemic living space" (Felt 2009) and "co-presence" (Chua 2015) affect research and shape the politics of knowledge of organic agriculture in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. I argue that the hierarchization of different knowledges of organic agriculture was intertwined with my shifting positionalities, as a field researcher in Indonesia and PhD student at Passau University, as I moved between these two different "field sites". This cumulative dissertation is divided into two parts. In Part I, "Knowledge in the making", I present my contributions towards transdisciplinary knowledge production and politics of knowledge of organic agriculture. Part II, "Publications", comprises the three stand-alone papers. The first contribution is my formulation of the notion of knowledge in the making. The second is my exploration of the ways that reflexive transdisciplinary work, and living and intersubjective experience shape knowledge in the making. The third is my demonstration of how an understanding of knowledge in the making sheds lights on the politics of knowledge of organic agriculture. This approach serves to examine the politics involved in synthesizing the conceptualizations of organic agriculture employed by different actors into one overarching narrative, such as sustainable agriculture or alternative agriculture. My final contribution is the notion of transdisciplinary moments, a conceptualization of transdisciplinary research practice that accounts for the politics of knowledge in which both scientific and extra-scientific actors are embedded. As a conclusion, I share the lessons learned from pursuing a PhD as a cumulative dissertation in an unstructured setting within a German-Indonesian research project on Indonesian organic agriculture. Finally, I identify bodies of literature and strands of thinking for future engagement within transdisciplinary research and discuss their potential to contribute to radical change in the institutional and value structures of contemporary academia.}, language = {en} } @misc{Mexis2023, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Mexis, Nico}, title = {A Comprehensive Comparison of Fuzzy Extractor Schemes Employing Different Error Correction Codes}, volume = {2023}, doi = {10.15475/ccfesedecc.2023}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-12914}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {vii, 100 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This thesis deals with fuzzy extractors, security primitives often used in conjunction with Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs). A fuzzy extractor works in two stages: The generation phase and the reproduction phase. In the generation phase, an Error Correction Code (ECC) is used to compute redundant bits for a given PUF response, which are then stored as helper data, and a key is extracted from the response. Then, in the reproduction phase, another (possibly noisy) PUF response can be used in conjunction with this helper data to extract the original key. It is clear that the performance of the fuzzy extractor is strongly dependent on the underlying ECC. Therefore, a comparison of ECCs in the context of fuzzy extractors is essential in order to make them as suitable as possible for a given situation. It is important to note that due to the plethora of various PUFs with different characteristics, it is very unrealistic to propose a single metric by which the suitability of a given ECC can be measured. First, we give a brief introduction to the topic, followed by a detailed description of the background of the ECCs and fuzzy extractors studied. Then, we summarise related work and describe an implementation of the ECCs under consideration. Finally, we carry out the actual comparison of the ECCs and the thesis concludes with a summary of the results and suggestions for future work.}, subject = {Vorw{\"a}rtsfehlerkorrektur}, language = {en} } @article{HacklMuellerGranitzeretal.2023, author = {Hackl, Veronika and M{\"u}ller, Alexandra Elena and Granitzer, Michael and Sailer, Maximilian}, title = {Is GPT-4 a reliable rater? Evaluating consistency in GPT-4's text ratings}, series = {Frontiers in Education}, volume = {2023}, journal = {Frontiers in Education}, number = {8}, publisher = {Frontiers}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2504-284X}, doi = {10.3389/feduc.2023.1272229}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-18348}, pages = {8 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This study reports the Intraclass Correlation Coefficients of feedback ratings produced by OpenAI's GPT-4, a large language model (LLM), across various iterations, time frames, and stylistic variations. The model was used to rate responses to tasks related to macroeconomics in higher education (HE), based on their content and style. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the absolute agreement and consistency of ratings in all iterations, and the correlation between the ratings in terms of content and style. The findings revealed high interrater reliability, with ICC scores ranging from 0.94 to 0.99 for different time periods, indicating that GPT-4 is capable of producing consistent ratings. The prompt used in this study is also presented and explained.}, language = {en} } @article{ZubaerGranitzerMitrović2023, author = {Zubaer, Abdullah Al and Granitzer, Michael and Mitrović, Jelena}, title = {Performance analysis of large language models in the domain of legal argument mining}, series = {Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence}, volume = {2023}, journal = {Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence}, number = {6}, publisher = {Frontiers}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2624-8212}, doi = {10.3389/frai.2023.1278796}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-18326}, pages = {18 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Generative pre-trained transformers (GPT) have recently demonstrated excellent performance in various natural language tasks. The development of ChatGPT and the recently released GPT-4 model has shown competence in solving complex and higher-order reasoning tasks without further training or fine-tuning. However, the applicability and strength of these models in classifying legal texts in the context of argument mining are yet to be realized and have not been tested thoroughly. In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of GPT-like models, specifically GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, for argument mining via prompting. We closely study the model's performance considering diverse prompt formulation and example selection in the prompt via semantic search using state-of-the-art embedding models from OpenAI and sentence transformers. We primarily concentrate on the argument component classification task on the legal corpus from the European Court of Human Rights. To address these models' inherent non-deterministic nature and make our result statistically sound, we conducted 5-fold cross-validation on the test set. Our experiments demonstrate, quite surprisingly, that relatively small domain-specific models outperform GPT 3.5 and GPT-4 in the F1-score for premise and conclusion classes, with 1.9\% and 12\% improvements, respectively. We hypothesize that the performance drop indirectly reflects the complexity of the structure in the dataset, which we verify through prompt and data analysis. Nevertheless, our results demonstrate a noteworthy variation in the performance of GPT models based on prompt formulation. We observe comparable performance between the two embedding models, with a slight improvement in the local model's ability for prompt selection. This suggests that local models are as semantically rich as the embeddings from the OpenAI model. Our results indicate that the structure of prompts significantly impacts the performance of GPT models and should be considered when designing them.}, language = {en} } @misc{LukasBrehmDurdeletal.2023, author = {Lukas, Wolfang and Brehm, David and Durdel, Patrick and Papart, S{\"o}nke and Kreuter, Sara and Weinbach, Donata and Pfeifer, Lena and Assadsolimani, Jasmin and Wagner, Alexander}, title = {Zeichen des Fremden}, volume = {2023}, number = {9}, editor = {Lukas, Wolfgang and Nies, Martin}, doi = {10.15475/skms.2023.3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2023081602100461706063}, pages = {189 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Zuerst erschienen auf: https://www.kultursemiotik.com/forschung/publikationen/schriftenreihe-online/ Inhalt Zeichen des Fremden Einleitung Wolfgang Lukas / Martin Nies Wessen Rettung? Gefl{\"u}chtete Figuren, Sinnproduktion und implizite Poetik in Jenny Erpenbecks 'Gehen, ging, gegangen' und Bodo Kirchhoffs 'Widerfahrnis' David Brehm Der falsche Fremde Auto- und metafiktionale Reflexionen von Identit{\"a}t und Ethnizit{\"a}t in Abbas Khiders 'Der falsche Inder' S{\"o}nke Parpart „Ich habe kein Bild mehr von mir" (De-)Konstruktion von Identit{\"a}t und Fremdheit in Jenny Erpenbecks 'Gehen, ging, gegangen' (2015) und Olga Grjasnowas 'Gott ist nicht sch{\"u}chtern' (2018) Sara Kreuter Verfinsterungen des Eigenen Konstruktionen des Anderen in Wolfram Lotz' 'Die l{\"a}cherliche Finsternis' Patrick Durdel Die vertraute Fremdheit der Anthropophagie Franzobels 'Floß der Medusa' (2017) Donata Weinbach Intimate Weavings Tracing Urban and Corporeal Others in Sin{\´e}ad Morrissey's Poetry Lena Pfeifer Make America en vogue again Die Konstruktion einer nationalen Identit{\"a}t in der US-amerikanischen Vogue nach dem Trump-Wahlsieg Jasmin Assadsolimani Schweiz / Haiti / NEW WORLD PLAZA Individualgeschichte und Universalgeschichte in Dorothee Elmigers 'Aus der Zuckerfabrik' Alexander Wagner}, subject = {Einwanderung }, language = {mul} } @misc{BrandlSeifertMuelleretal.2024, author = {Brandl, Matthias and Seifert, Walter and M{\"u}ller, Karla and Pissarek, Markus and Ricart Brede, Julia and Draber, Sibylle and Brandl, Birgit and Winkler, Stefanie and Schellberg, Gabriele and Fehrenbach, Christina and Urhahne, Detlef and Schweppe, Judith and Mayr, Susanne and Mendl, Hans and Greifenstein, Luisa and Heuer, Ute and Fraser, Gordon and W{\"u}rdinger-Gaidas, Michaela and Stelzer, Florian and M{\"a}gdefrau, Jutta and Birnkammerer, Hannes and Kufner, Sabrina and K{\"o}stler, Verena and M{\"u}ller, Christian and Lehning, Norbert and Decker, Jan-Oliver and Kelsch, Jakob and Fesl, Susanne and Rutter, Eva and Springer, Simone Maria and Freund, Michael and Wobser, Florian}, title = {40 Jahre Lehrkr{\"a}ftebildung an der Universit{\"a}t Passau: Ein- und Ausblicke}, volume = {2024}, number = {11}, editor = {Brandl, Matthias}, edition = {2., erweiterte Auflage}, doi = {10.15475/paradigma.2024.1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14671}, pages = {139 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Inhalt Vorwort |1 Matthias Brandl Didaktik der Deutschen Sprache und Literatur |6 Walter Seifert, Karla M{\"u}ller \& Markus Pissarek „Deutsch als Zweitsprache" als Bestandteil der Lehrer*innen-Bildung in Deutschland, Bayern und Passau: Ein R{\"u}ckblick auf die Entwicklung des Faches anhand von Expert*innen-Interviews |13 Julia Ricart Brede \& Sibylle Draber Didaktik der Mathematik |23 Matthias Brandl, Birgit Brandl \& Stefanie Winkler Musikp{\"a}dagogik im Didaktikfach - Einblicke in die Besonderheiten des Musikunterrichts |34 Gabriele Schellberg \& Christina Fehrenbach Psychologie f{\"u}r den Lehrberuf an der Universit{\"a}t Passau |48 Detlef Urhahne, Judith Schweppe und Susanne Mayr Von der Katechese zur Religionsp{\"a}dagogik - Die Entwicklung von Theologie und Religions-lehrer*innen-Bildung an der Universit{\"a}t Passau |55 Hans Mendl Algorithmisches Denken und Programmieren im Grundschullehramtsstudium |68 Luisa Greifenstein, Ute Heuer \& Gordon Fraser Fit f{\"u}r die Zukunft - Transformation gestalten mit Bildung f{\"u}r nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) in der Lehrkr{\"a}ftebildung |78 Michaela W{\"u}rdinger-Gaidas \& Florian Stelzer Didaktische Innovation in der Lehrkr{\"a}ftebildung: Theorie und Praxis der Lehre in den Passauer Innovationslaboren |86 Jutta M{\"a}gdefrau, Hannes Birnkammerer, Sabrina Kufner, Verena K{\"o}stler, Christian M{\"u}ller Historisches Lernen im digitalisierten Geschichtsunterricht: Flipped Classroom und historische Spurensuche vor Ort |95 Norbert Lehning Mediensemiotik und Medienkunde als Basis von Information and Media Literacy (IML). Fachwissenschaftliche Einblicke am Beispiel des Videospiels Wolfenstein II: The New Colossus |101 Jan-Oliver Decker \& Jakob Kelsch InVerS: Motive und Begr{\"u}ndungslinien f{\"u}r die Wahl des Berufs Lehrkraft im internationalen Vergleich. Ein Forschungsprojekt des Lehrstuhls f{\"u}r Erziehungswissenschaft mit dem Schwerpunkt Diversit{\"a}tsforschung und Bildungsr{\"a}ume der Mittleren Kindheit |113 Susanne Fesl, Eva Rutter und Simone Maria Springer Der Klassenrat als Ort politischen Lernens? |127 Michael Freund Das Studium des Erweiterungsfachs Ethik an der Universit{\"a}t Passau - maximale Relevanz und minimale Ausbildung? | 134 Florian Wobser}, language = {de} } @misc{BrandlSeifertMuelleretal.2024, author = {Brandl, Matthias and Seifert, Walter and M{\"u}ller, Karla and Pissarek, Markus and Ricart Brede, Julia and Draber, Sibylle and Brandl, Birgit and Winkler, Stefanie and Schellberg, Gabriele and Fehrenbach, Christina and Urhahne, Detlef and Schweppe, Judith and Mayr, Susanne and Mendl, Hans and Greifenstein, Luisa and Heuer, Ute and Fraser, Gordon and W{\"u}rdinger-Gaidas, Michaela and Stelzer, Florian and M{\"a}gdefrau, Jutta and Birnkammerer, Hannes and Kufner, Sabrina and K{\"o}stler, Verena and M{\"u}ller, Christian and Lehning, Norbert and Decker, Jan-Oliver and Kelsch, Jakob and Fesl, Susanne and Rutter, Eva and Springer, Simone Maria and Freund, Michael}, title = {40 Jahre Lehrkr{\"a}ftebildung an der Universit{\"a}t Passau: Ein- und Ausblicke}, number = {2024}, editor = {Brandl, Matthias}, address = {Passau}, issn = {1864-2411}, doi = {10.15475/paradigma.2024.1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14502}, pages = {132 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {siehe auch 2. Version (um einen Beitrag erweitert): https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14671 https://doi.org/10.15475/paradigma.2024.1 Inhalt Vorwort |1 Matthias Brandl Didaktik der Deutschen Sprache und Literatur |6 Walter Seifert, Karla M{\"u}ller \& Markus Pissarek „Deutsch als Zweitsprache" als Bestandteil der Lehrer*innen-Bildung in Deutschland, Bayern und Passau: Ein R{\"u}ckblick auf die Entwicklung des Faches anhand von Expert*innen-Interviews |13 Julia Ricart Brede \& Sibylle Draber Didaktik der Mathematik |23 Matthias Brandl, Birgit Brandl \& Stefanie Winkler Musikp{\"a}dagogik im Didaktikfach - Einblicke in die Besonderheiten des Musikunterrichts |34 Gabriele Schellberg \& Christina Fehrenbach Psychologie f{\"u}r den Lehrberuf an der Universit{\"a}t Passau |48 Detlef Urhahne, Judith Schweppe und Susanne Mayr Von der Katechese zur Religionsp{\"a}dagogik - Die Entwicklung von Theologie und Religions-lehrer*innen-Bildung an der Universit{\"a}t Passau |55 Hans Mendl Algorithmisches Denken und Programmieren im Grundschullehramtsstudium |68 Luisa Greifenstein, Ute Heuer \& Gordon Fraser Fit f{\"u}r die Zukunft - Transformation gestalten mit Bildung f{\"u}r nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) in der Lehrkr{\"a}ftebildung |78 Michaela W{\"u}rdinger-Gaidas \& Florian Stelzer Didaktische Innovation in der Lehrkr{\"a}ftebildung: Theorie und Praxis der Lehre in den Passauer Innovationslaboren |86 Jutta M{\"a}gdefrau, Hannes Birnkammerer, Sabrina Kufner, Verena K{\"o}stler, Christian M{\"u}ller Historisches Lernen im digitalisierten Geschichtsunterricht: Flipped Classroom und historische Spurensuche vor Ort |95 Norbert Lehning Mediensemiotik und Medienkunde als Basis von Information and Media Literacy (IML). Fachwissenschaftliche Einblicke am Beispiel des Videospiels Wolfenstein II: The New Colossus |101 Jan-Oliver Decker \& Jakob Kelsch InVerS: Motive und Begr{\"u}ndungslinien f{\"u}r die Wahl des Berufs Lehrkraft im internationalen Vergleich. Ein Forschungsprojekt des Lehrstuhls f{\"u}r Erziehungswissenschaft mit dem Schwerpunkt Diversit{\"a}tsforschung und Bildungsr{\"a}ume der Mittleren Kindheit |113 Susanne Fesl, Eva Rutter und Simone Maria Springer Der Klassenrat als Ort politischen Lernens? |127 Michael Freund}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Kuhn2024, author = {Kuhn, Esther}, title = {Zur Dogmatik der Zahlungsverbote}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14159}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Zielsetzung der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Dogmatik der Zahlungsverbote endg{\"u}ltig herauszuarbeiten. Sp{\"a}testens seit Inkrafttreten des \S 15b InsO durch das SanInsFOG kann nicht mehr geleugnet werden, dass es sich bei der Haftung f{\"u}r einen Verstoß gegen das Zahlungsverbot im Rahmen der Insolvenzverschleppungshaftung um eine schadensrechtliche Anspruchsgrundlage handeln muss.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Walsh2024, author = {Walsh, Florian}, title = {Computing the Binomial Part of Polynomial Ideals}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15096}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {vi, 131 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Given an ideal in a polynomial ring over a field, we present a complete algorithm to compute its binomial part.}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-1405, title = {Jahrbuch f{\"u}r Tod und Gesellschaft 2024}, volume = {2024}, number = {Volume 3}, editor = {Benkel, Thorsten}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weilheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-8139-8}, doi = {10.3262/978-3-7799-8139-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14051}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {245 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Auseinandersetzungen mit Sterben, Tod und Trauer sind gesellschaftlich von permanenter Relevanz. Theoretische Zug{\"a}nge und empirische Analysen zu diesem Themenfeld finden im Jahrbuch f{\"u}r Tod und Gesellschaft ein interdisziplin{\"a}res Forum. Neben der Vertiefung aktueller Debatten und der Besprechung von Neuerscheinungen dient das Periodikum der Weiterentwicklung der thanato(-sozio-)logischen Erkenntnis sowie der (inter-)nationalen Vernetzung. Der thematische Horizont der zweiten Ausgabe umfasst u.a. Verwitwung, Foto-Sharing am Lebensende, Death Education und visuelle Tabus in der qualitativen Forschung.}, language = {de} } @book{OPUS4-1403, title = {Die Idee der Universit{\"a}t - heute}, editor = {Bartosch, Ulrich}, publisher = {Julius Klinkhardt}, address = {Bad Heilbrunn}, isbn = {978-3-7815-6071-0}, doi = {10.35468/6071}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-289574}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {272 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Welcher „Idee" folgt die Universit{\"a}t und welchem Auftrag ist sie verpflichtet? Diese Fragen von Karl Jaspers 1923, 1946 und 1961 ausdr{\"u}cklich aufgeworfen, bleiben stets aktuell. Sie m{\"u}ssen im Horizont eines permanenten Wandels immer wieder neu reflektiert werden. Die Antworten nehmen die Universit{\"a}t insgesamt und die jeweils konkrete Hochschule in den Blick. Universit{\"a}t realisiert sich in konkreten Bedingungen in Auseinandersetzung mit den Fragen der Zeit. Das Buch verbindet generelle Perspektive und spezielle Umsetzung durch Beitr{\"a}ge von außen und innen (hier aus der Universit{\"a}t Passau). Wissenschaft, Politik, Bildung, Wirtschaft treten somit in der Bestimmung der Idee der Universit{\"a}t in einen vielschichtigen Dialog. Inhalt: Ulrich Bartosch Vorwort: Eine Idee der Universit{\"a}t - heute? Rudolf Speth Einleitung: Den Kern behalten und sich wandeln: Die Universit{\"a}t vor neuen Herausforderungen I. Die historische Tiefendimension Herfried M{\"u}nkler Ein virtueller Br{\"u}ckenschlag aus der europ{\"a}ischen Universit{\"a}tsgeschichte in die Zukunft der Universit{\"a}t Passau II. Die Universit{\"a}t und die Wissenschaft Anna Henkel Disziplinarit{\"a}t zwischen Wissenschaft und Universit{\"a}t Horst Bischof Universit{\"a}re Forschung quo vadis Sabine Doering-Manteuffel Die Universit{\"a}t als Ort des bewussten Widerspruchs Brigitte Forster-Heinlein Die Universit{\"a}t als Ort des bewussten Widerspruchs - auch aus Sicht der jungen Forscherinnen und Forscher? Barbara Zehnpfennig Universit{\"a}t und Wahrheit Gesine Schwan Was ist die Aufgabe von Universit{\"a}ten? Carolin H{\"a}ussler Wissenschaft: Normen, Spannungsfelder und die Dissemination von wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen in die Wirtschaft III. Reformans{\"a}tze und {\"O}konomisierung Richard M{\"u}nch Alle Macht dem Pr{\"a}sidium! Von der Herrschaft der Ordinarien zur unternehmerischen und total administrierten Universit{\"a}t? Wolfgang A. Herrmann Die unternehmerische Universit{\"a}t Ernst Ulrich von Weizs{\"a}cker Virtueller Br{\"u}ckenschlag in die Zukunft der Universit{\"a}t Passau IV. Das Bayerische Hochschulinnovationsgesetz Bernd Sibler Erfolgreiche Hochschulen brauchen exzellente Rahmenbedingungen Heinrich Oberreuter Wissenschaft als Dienst am Wissen Karsten Fitz Die Universit{\"a}t und die Grenzen des Wettbewerbs V. Die Universit{\"a}t der Studierenden Simon Pagany Die Anf{\"a}nge der studentischen Vizepr{\"a}sidentschaft an der Zeppelin Universit{\"a}t Lorena Puqja und Sophia Rockenmaier Mitgestaltung auf Augenh{\"o}he: Eine studentische Vizepr{\"a}sidentschaft f{\"u}r die Universit{\"a}t Passau Thomas Girst Umweg statt Abk{\"u}rzung: {\"U}ber das Prinzip funktionaler Serendipit{\"a}t f{\"u}r die Lehranstalten der Zukunft Birgit Beumers Serendipit{\"a}t und Funktionalit{\"a}t? VI. Die Universit{\"a}t als Organisation Ulrike Beisiegel Herausforderungen der Universit{\"a}ten der Zukunft Andreas K{\"o}nig „Universit{\"a}t als Heimat" als Teil einer Universit{\"a}tsstrategie VII. Der Bezug zur Gesellschaft Uwe Schneidewind Die Stadt als Campus Martina Padmanabhan Was will internationale transdisziplin{\"a}re Nachhaltigkeitsforschung in Niederbayern? Das Versprechen der Kleinstadt Micha Teuscher Gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen als Impuls f{\"u}r die Entwicklung der Universit{\"a}t Hannah Schmid-Petri {\"O}ffentlichkeitsdynamiken im digitalen Zeitalter Manfred Brocker Eine politische Idee der Universit{\"a}t heute? Alexander von Gernler Ambivalenzen von Informatik und Digitalisierung Florian T{\"o}pfl Wie wissenschaftsskeptische Gegen{\"o}ffentlichkeiten neue Medien nutzen VIII. Der besondere Platz der Universit{\"a}t Passau Christian Thies Abschied von Humboldt Hans-Georg Dederer Die Idee der Universit{\"a}t heute Michael Grimm Die neue Approbationsordnung: Ein Pl{\"a}doyer zur Schließung von Schnittstellen zwischen Medizin und Sozialwissenschaften}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Postel2024, author = {Postel, Lea}, title = {In Data We Trust: Three Essays on Consumers' Trust-Based Decision-Making Strategies in Privacy-Relevant Online Contexts}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14021}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XIV, 145 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Technological advancements and new legal requirements are continuously changing the online data disclosure landscape in terms of both, the quantity and quality of data that firms can acquire. Nowadays, consumers are required to disclose personal data online multiple times a day and in a variety of different contexts, such as creating user profiles, online payment or using location-based services. Despite consumers' increasing online privacy concerns, firms rely ever more strongly on consumer data that they convert into a competitive advantage through personalized product recommendations and targeted advertising. In an effort to encourage consumer data disclosure, many firms have focused on building trust as a way to counterbalance privacy concerns and mitigate risk perceptions. Correspondingly, marketing literature has continued to examine the interplay of trust and consumer privacy concerns. While the extant research has considerably advanced our understanding of the role of trust in privacy-related decision-making, the majority of studies has mainly focused on single-stage, dyadic disclosure settings and cognitive decision-making processes. Against this background, the overarching goal of this thesis is to shed light on under-researched data disclosure contexts involving trust and to explore additional facets of the underlying decision-making processes. For example, considering pre- and post-disclosure stages when evaluating consumers' data disclosure decisions allows for a more holistic picture of the decision-making process. Similarly, social media and sharing economy settings challenge the traditional assumption of purely dyadic consumer-firm data disclosure, thus extending traditional conceptualizations of trust. Across three independent essays, this thesis addresses the overarching research question of how the peculiarities of multi-stage and multi-actor settings shape consumers' trust-based decision-making strategies.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Bermeitinger2024, author = {Bermeitinger, Bernhard}, title = {Investigating a Second-Order Optimization Strategy for Neural Networks}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14087}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xv, 59 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In summary, this cumulative dissertation investigates the application of the conjugate gradient method CG for the optimization of artificial neural networks (NNs) and compares this method with common first-order optimization methods, especially the stochastic gradient descent (SGD). The presented research results show that CG can effectively optimize both small and very large networks. However, the default machine precision of 32 bits can lead to problems. The best results are only achieved in 64-bits computations. The research also emphasizes the importance of the initialization of the NNs' trainable parameters and shows that an initialization using singular value decomposition (SVD) leads to drastically lower error values. Surprisingly, shallow but wide NNs, both in Transformer and CNN architectures, often perform better than their deeper counterparts. Overall, the research results recommend a re-evaluation of the previous preference for extremely deep NNs and emphasize the potential of CG as an optimization method.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Klepikova2024, author = {Klepikova, Tatiana}, title = {Crossing Soviet Thresholds: Privacy, Literature, and Politics in Late Soviet Russia}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-13771}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {vii, 163 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {My dissertation examines literary mythologies of privacy in the authoritarian Russia of 1953-1985. This era was marked by an expansion of "non-state spheres," or areas of life of which the Communist state increasingly released its control after Joseph Stalin's death in 1953. Political elites, architects, and designers, as well as ordinary citizens co-constructed and explored the rising spheres through the languages of their respective fields—by producing regulations and laws, designing and erecting new types of buildings, developing new and modernizing already familiar everyday objects as well as devising new ways of integrating these objects into private and public spaces. Alongside these voices, transformations in the cultural sphere in general, and literature in particular, were most vocal. The late Soviet era witnessed the dissolution of the ossified ideology of socialist realism that focused on the glorification of the "new Soviet man" and had held culture in its tight grips since the 1930s. Starting from the 1950s, writers increasingly focused on portraying areas of life that lay beyond one's public commitments and experimented with new meanings, codes, and forms to give shape to novel spheres of experience of the "late Soviet man" that can be subsumed under the concept of the "private sphere." The analytical framework of my dissertation is built around the journey to understand the mechanisms and architecture that powered the imagination of models of distancing oneself from the state and the society at large—scenarios of privacy, as we may call them today. I examine Russian prose and drama of the 1950s-1980s as a laboratory for the ideas of privacy, which was increasingly sought in the society disillusioned by the Communist doctrine and thus progressively alienating from active participation in the public sphere. I analyze the meanings that writers incorporated into new and old forms of domesticity—private flats that became progressively widespread throughout the 1950s-1980s, rooms in communal apartments, individual houses—to determine the spectrum of concepts that nurtured the idea of privacy in the late Soviet literary imagination. I also examine representations of reciprocal paradigms of relations between subjects from which the state and society at large were increasingly excluded. In the examples that I analyze, forms of private withdrawals variate from establishing control over liminal spaces or escaping into the world of feelings and emotions and building a connection to a person or space (significant for the characters for private rather than public reasons) to experimenting with language and pursuing one's idiolect despite the ubiquitous "officialese," as well as living in temporalities asynchronous with the public time. Beyond revealing the visions of different, non-state existences in the late Soviet era, my text also advocates examining the role of official literature as a platform for subversion and change that was no less important in an authoritarian state than dissident literature. I see officially published texts as a cultural subaltern who defies the state of affairs and slowly but firmly turns the "state sphere" into a public one by pushing its own agenda through publications that test and gain ground for bolder visions of Soviet life that are not predicated on the commitment to the public sphere. With individual mechanisms of power assertion employed by the state or literature in the late Soviet era well-researched, the framework is still missing that would capture the shifts of borders between the private and public spheres under the influence of these actors. In devising such framework, I build upon sociological theories of disattendability and civil inattention that Erving Goffman conceived to describe conventions of individual behavior and social interaction in public. Extending these theories toward the studies of literary politics, I argue that by envisioning scenarios of a private retreat and bringing them into officially published editions, literature normalized privacy as a late Soviet imaginary and, therefore, continuously heightened its own disattendability, thereby expanding the borders of the private sphere. On the side of the state, the border was defined by the triggers of disturbance of civil inattention: privacy was conceded in return for disattendability. Under such conditions, literature became a bizarre "private kitchen" that performed private and public functions simultaneously—similar to the kitchens in newly-built individual apartments that were popular loci of socialization in the late Soviet era. It turned into a place where one can escape—it became one of the "niches of privacy" where it was possible to discuss and negotiate the world, in which the society lived or to which it should strive. At the same time, it assumed the role of a surrogate for the public sphere within the "state" sphere by pushing its own agenda through the publication of literary texts that sought to imagine a person rather than a cog in the Communist machine and thus transformed socialist realism into a literary current "with a human face." In my research, privacy, literature, and politics are bound together to reveal a vibrant spectacle of the continuous interaction between the state, cultural elites, and the citizens, in which thresholds are erected and crossed incessantly. Fictional private sites were battlefields for the production and contestation of ideologies, and the exposure of these literary wars to the public eye played a fundamental role in shifting the borders between the private and the public spheres in an authoritarian late Soviet Russia. The patterns of relations between the state and culture that I uncover in my dissertation resonate in neo-authoritarian twenty-first-century Russia, making privacy an important lens for our insight into the role of culture in rising authoritarian and failing democratic systems across the globe.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schmuderer2024, author = {Schmuderer, Sven}, title = {Gesellschaftliches Engagement und Partizipation in st{\"a}dtisch- und l{\"a}ndlich-digitalen R{\"a}umen - Eine sozialgeographische Fallstudie zur Beteiligung relevanter Interessensgruppen samt praktischen Handlungsempfehlungen zur Partizipation in kommunalen Projekten}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14611}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {228 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Sozialer Teilhabe und Partizipation wird viel Bedeutung und großes Potential zugeschrieben, zum Beispiel seitens der Europ{\"a}ischen Kommission und nationaler Beh{\"o}rden etwa in F{\"o}rderprogrammen, seitens den Vereinten Nationen etwa in den Zielen f{\"u}r nachhaltige Entwicklung der Agenda 2030 oder seitens des Deutschen Bundesministeriums f{\"u}r Bildung und Forschung etwa in der Hightech-Strategie 2025. Gleichzeitig bestehen beim Thema Partizipation aber Forschungsl{\"u}cken, insbesondere mit Blick auf digitale Formen der Partizipation. Letztere stehen erst am Beginn ihres Einsatzes, w{\"a}hrend die digitalen Medien sowohl die Alltagswelt der Menschen als auch die Planungsverfahren immer st{\"a}rker ber{\"u}hren. Diese Arbeit befasst sich deshalb mit Partizipationsprozessen zur Beteiligung von B{\"u}rgerinnen, B{\"u}rgern und anderen Akteuren/Interessensgruppen in kommunalen Projekten und damit, wie diese Partizipationsprozesse im Lichte von aktuellen, modernen M{\"o}glichkeiten digitaler Partizipation anwendungsorientiert gestaltet und sowohl in st{\"a}dtischen als auch l{\"a}ndlichen R{\"a}umen akteurs- und ergebnisorientiert analog und/oder digital umgesetzt werden k{\"o}nnen. Das methodische Vorgehen basiert auf einem vor allem qualitativ- und interaktiv-sozialwissenschaftlichen Methodenmix und erfolgt in drei Zyklen: (1) einer initialen Datensammlung mit Fokus auf einem kommunalen Partizipationsprojekt, (2) einer Datensammlung 2 mit einem Fokus auf minimalen Kontrast und {\"A}hnlichkeiten weiterhin im Rahmen des Partizipationsprojekts sowie (3) einer Datensammlung 3 mit einem Fokus auf st{\"a}rkeren Kontrast und Unterschiede hinsichtlich Aktivit{\"a}t, Alter oder Kultur der Akteure bzw. hinsichtlich des (eher) l{\"a}ndlichen bzw. st{\"a}dtischen Kontextes. Die verwendeten Erhebungsinstrumente (vor allem narrative und problemzentrierte Interviews, Befragungen, teilnehmende Beobachtungen, ein Schulprojekt und die Erhebung digitaler Partizipations- und Forschungsdaten) zeigen die Bedeutung der drei Aspekte Milieu, Akteure und Programm in der Planung, Gestaltung und Durchf{\"u}hrung von Partizipationsprozessen. Anhand dieser drei Gesichtspunkte ergibt sich zudem die Antwort auf die zentrale Forschungsfrage dieser Arbeit, wie Partizipationsprozesse in kommunalen Projekten gestaltet werden k{\"o}nnen, um digitale Formate sowie lokal-regionale Kontexte zu ber{\"u}cksichtigen, und welche Aspekte dabei relevant sind: (1) das analoge Milieu der konkreten (eher) l{\"a}ndlichen bzw. st{\"a}dtischen Kommune sowie das in diesem sozialen und emotionalen Betroffenheits-Raum vorhandene oder von den Verantwortlichen anreichernd eingesetzte digitale Partizipations-Milieu bilden insgesamt den Raum und beeinflussen die Atmosph{\"a}re des Raums, innerhalb dem sich der Partizipationsprozess und die einzelnen -formate je nach Projektphase an ggf. unterschiedlichen Veranstaltungsorten als mikrogeographische Milieus in unterschiedlicher Art und Weise realisieren; (2) die sich in verschiedener Weise in den Partizipationsprozess einbringenden Akteure/Interessensgruppen und deren (je nach Ausmaß der tats{\"a}chlichen oder emotionalen Betroffenheit ausgepr{\"a}gte) individuelle Motivation, beeinflussen die Erfordernisse an eine analoge und/oder digitale informative, dialogische und/oder diskursive Kommunikation sowie an eine auf Bildung, Begegnung, Kooperation und Verantwortung bauende analoge und/oder digitale Interaktion im konkreten Partizipationsprozess; (3) mit dem konkreten Programm des Partizipationsprozesses und den einzelnen analogen und/oder digitalen -formaten gestaltet sich ein (Partizipations-)Projekt in unterschiedlicher Auspr{\"a}gung milieuorientiert (mit der Definition und Analyse des Partizipations-Raums als Kern der Milieuorientierung und der Standortsuche als zus{\"a}tzlicher Aspekt bei standortbezogenen Projekten), akteursorientiert (auf den Umfang und den Grad der Einflussnahme-M{\"o}glichkeit der Akteure/Interessensgruppen von Nicht-Partizipation {\"u}ber Information und Mitsprache bis hin zu Zusammenarbeit und Mitbestimmung sowie Selbstbestimmung der Akteure blickend) sowie ergebnisorientiert (wirtschaftlich hinsichtlich Planung, Umsetzung, Entscheidung, Nachhaltung und Nachhaltigkeit). Die Bedeutung dieser Arbeit besteht zum einen darin, dass sie das theoretische und praktische Verst{\"a}ndnis von Partizipationsprozessen erweitert, indem sie die Fokussierung auf gesellschaftliche Interaktionen in st{\"a}dtisch- und l{\"a}ndlich-digitalen Kontexten einf{\"u}hrt, den es so bisher nicht gab, und damit auch die Action-Setting-Theorie von Peter Weichhart um digitale und regionale Anwendungsfelder erweitert. Die anwendungsorientierten Handlungsempfehlungen tragen zudem zur milieu-, akteurs- und programmsensiblen Umsetzung moderner M{\"o}glichkeiten analoger und/oder digitaler Partizipation bei. Schließlich er{\"o}ffnet diese Arbeit Ankn{\"u}pfungspunkte f{\"u}r k{\"u}nftige Forschungen - etwa in der Motivationspsychologie, der Kommunikations- und Politikwissenschaft, der Volkswirtschafts- oder der Betriebswirtschaftslehre sowie mit Blick auf andere r{\"a}umliche Maßst{\"a}be bis hin zu landes-, bundes- und europa-politischen (Partizipations-)Projekten.}, subject = {E-Partizipation}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Daschner2024, author = {Daschner, Stefan}, title = {Essays on Trust, Behavior, and Decision-Making in the Human-Algorithm Interaction}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14749}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XVII, 154 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {With recent progresses in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), algorithms can support more complex tasks (Frey and Osborne, 2017) that seemed safe from automation a few years ago (Brynjolfsson and McAfee, 2012). They can even outperform human decision-making in many task domains (Meehl, 1954; Dawes et al., 1989). The prominent defeat of Garry Kasparov, the world champion in chess, in 1997 is a milestone for the potentials of algorithms, increasing the value of IBM's stock increased by \$18 billion (Norvig and Russell, 2010). More recently, universal chatbots such as ChatGPT and the Bing Chatbot Sydney can influence millions of users and provide them answers to a broad range of tasks. To gain a competitive edge, companies invest heavily in algorithmic systems (Kappelman et al., 2021), which are considered as one of the most important drivers of today's economy (Brynjolfsson and McAfee, 2011; Hogharth and Makridakis, 1981; {\"O}nkal et al., 2019). Particularly in management accounting, an algorithmic data analysis offers the potential to support a high decision quality, making their usage a key factor for success. However, algorithms can not only support, but also manipulate human decision-making (Roose et al., 2023). Algorithmic advice can lead to overtrust, i.e. to the heuristic replacement of vigilant information seeking and processing in favor of the advice provided (Mosier et al., 2001). The implementation of algorithmic decision support systems is thus no panacea to improve human decision-making. In contrast, they can entail new risks, such as the uncritical use of these algorithms (Boden, 2016). Yet, this 'dark side' of algorithms is not sufficiently investigated in the field of management accounting. With advances in machine learning, algorithmic support can become even more of a black box, blurring the reference points for evaluating its advice quality and thus increasing the risk of overtrust. Stephen Hawking even warns that AI will be "either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity" (Alex Hern in: The Guardian: Stephen Hawking: AI will be 'either best or worst thing' for humanity, 19th October 2016). Interacting with such algorithmic systems therefore requires data literacy skills for an appropriate use. They seem to be a crucial prerequisite in today's data-driven world to reap of the benefits of algorithmic systems. If no reflective and critical interaction between human and algorithm can be ensured, the trend towards a digitalized world will be a race against the algorithm (Brynjolfsson and McAfee, 2011). This dissertation takes this understudied critical perspective on the increasing implementation of algorithmic systems and sheds light on different aspects of human-algorithm interaction, ranging from the ability to use data visualization tools to trust calibrations and critical evaluations of algorithmic advices. Study I investigates an adequate information representation of subjective multiple criteria decision problems, an important task in management accounting, to support human decision-making. Study II distinguishes different designs of the human-algorithm interaction investigated in the trust in automation literature and compiles factors influencing the calibration of trust and behavior toward the true capabilities of the algorithm. Study III examines the role of performance feedback on trust and advice usage in a forecasting task for a better understanding of the recently observed phenomenon 'algorithm aversion'. Finally, Study IV focusses on the risk of overtrust in advice in repeated interactions with a forecasting advisor and investigates the calibration of advice usage. Each study thereby represents an independent contribution and contains all information relevant to the respective research questions asked in the study.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Stoffer2024, author = {Stoffer, Gloria}, title = {Three essays on b2b solution selling - challenges in sales, contracting, and pricing}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14728}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {VIII, 165 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Offering solutions impose manifold challenges on suppliers. To master these challenges, suppliers need excellent commercial capabilities. This thesis considers these challenges and opportunities in sales, contracting, and pricing of complex B2B solutions in three essays: Essay 1 addresses the increased complexity for solution salespeople, who represent an essential strategic asset in solution selling. In-depth interviews with solution sales managers in study 1 and survey data from matched sales manager-salesperson dyads in study 2, reveal nine specific equifinal configurations of key personal and procedural competencies that qualify individual salespeople in their role and thus determine their solution sales success. The focus of essay 2 lies on B2B export relationships for complex product-service combinations in an international context. A regression analysis based on a survey study with 198 responses shows several direct and indirect effects of contractual and cultural constructs. The results give insights under which cultural framework conditions contract specificity serves as a safeguarding mechanism against uncertainty and opportunism. Essay 3 examines how the bidirectional agency relationship between suppliers and customers and the performance uncertainty of a solution influence B2B customers' acceptance of performance-based pricing (PBP). Drawing on a cross-industry survey with 196 managers of B2B firms, this study contributes to extend PBP literature by showing how bidirectional agency relationships shape customers' acceptance of PBP. In sum, this thesis contributes to a better understanding on how to optimize commercial capabilities in the context of national and international solution selling. It thereby focuses on addressing recently identified causes that hinder B2B firms from increasing their margins through solution selling by (1) optimizing the sales force through a better understanding of important resources and capabilities for solution selling, (2) optimizing their contractual set-up through a better understanding of cultural factors and the interplay with contract specificity, and 3) optimizing price policy through a better understanding of framework conditions, which have an impact on customers' acceptance of PBP.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mladenov2024, author = {Mladenov, Mladen}, title = {Running in the Hamster Wheel. The Foreign Policy of Serbia between National Identity and the International Society.}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14702}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {ii, 51 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The thesis addresses a current topic related to the foreign policy of Serbia whereby Serbian foreign policy is analysed with reference to its domestic factors - in particular national identity - and also with regards to Serbia's foreign factors, such as the Europeanization process and the nature of the international system. The overarching focus of the thesis is laid on the following puzzle: in spite of not attaining self-declared foreign policy goals and changing dynamics at the systemic level, Serbia's foreign policy appear to be stable over time. In each of the five publications comprising the thesis, a narrower aspect of this puzzle is addressed.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{KloepfWehner2024, author = {Kl{\"o}pf, Tobias and Wehner, Stefanie}, title = {Vulnerabilities and capacities : dealing with coastal flooding in Ghana´s Volta Region}, number = {2}, address = {Passau}, doi = {10.15475/mitrawa.upa2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14597}, pages = {14 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Coastal flooding events pose an existential threat to populations around the world, particularly in the Global South. As a result of climate change and other, direct forms of anthropogenic interference, the magnitude and frequency of such floodings is predicted to continuously increase in the near future. Therefore, it is important to understand the vulnerability of affected people to implement appropriate measures. This research presents a case study on coastal flooding and its impact on livelihoods in the Volta Region of Ghana. The paper utilizes a vulnerability framework that focuses on exposure, susceptibility, as well as the capacities to anticipate, cope with, and recover from the effects of natural hazards. Based on a qualitative approach, the study focusses on those households who were directly affected of a severe tidal flood in November 2021, leading to a total destruction of their property. The research was conducted in March, July and August 2022. It revealed that the studied group had low capacity to anticipate and had no contingency plans in case of relocation. Further, we discovered different strategies that people applied to deal with the situation eight months after the flood event. Most households applied (short term) coping strategies to reestablish their former marine-based livelihood systems. Adaption in terms of long-term adjustment of their livelihoods played only a minor role and could be found in form of out-migration in a limited number of households.}, language = {en} } @article{PatilGhasemideMeer2024, author = {Patil, Amit and Ghasemi, Abdorasoul and de Meer, Hermann}, title = {Analysis of protection blinding in active distribution grids}, series = {IET Renewable Power Generation}, journal = {IET Renewable Power Generation}, doi = {10.1049/rpg2.13037}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14661}, pages = {15 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Protection blinding is a challenging issue in renewables-penetrated distribution grids and refers to a situation where a circuit breaker may not trip due to fault current contribution from distributed generation. This research addresses how the distributed generation location and capacity impact the operation of the circuit breaker in terms of the response time of the circuit breakers. The relative electrical distances of the faults and distributed generation to the circuit breakers are considered. The impact of distributed generation capacity considering the fault location is characterized using a new index called the heterogeneity index. The electrical distance between distributed generations and circuit breakers and the electrical distance between fault and circuit breaker is considered by a second new index called the electrical distance ratio. Data analysis on simulation results shows that these indices capture the phenomena of protection blinding caused by distributed generation. Results show that a higher distributed generation penetration and faults that are electri cally further away from a circuit breaker show severe cases of protection blinding captured by the indices. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how these indices can identify the worst impacted locations in the distribution grid. A key result is that protection blinding does not necessarily occur solely due to the presence of distributed generation between a circuit breaker and a fault, but is dependent on factors such as distributed generation location in the distribution grid, fault level, fault level distribution across the generation units and fault location.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Vogelsang2024, author = {Vogelsang, Irina}, title = {Ausstellungen und ihr Erfolg: (Kunst-)Geschichten befragen. Ausstellungspublika in Indonesien und Prozesse der Selektion, Rezeption und Aneignung am Beispiel der Ausstellung „Raden Saleh und der Beginn der modernen indonesischen Malerei"}, address = {Passau}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14552}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {380 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In der Dissertation «Ausstellungen und ihr Erfolg: (Kunst-)Geschichten befragen» wird ein Teilbereich der Bildungsforschung untersucht, n{\"a}mlich die informelle Bildung im internationalen Kontext. Die Arbeit kombiniert eine ausf{\"u}hrliche Analyse einer Ausstellung und deren Publikum und fokussiert sich dabei auf die Perspektive der Besucher*innen. Als Fallbeispiel dient die empirische Forschung zur kunsthistorischen Ausstellung «Raden Saleh und der Beginn der modernen indonesischen Malerei», die 2012 in der Nationalgalerie von Jakarta stattfand. Organisiert als kulturpolitisches Instrument vom Goethe-Institut Indonesien, stellte die Ausstellung eine bedeutende historische Pers{\"o}nlichkeit Indonesiens, Raden Saleh, in den Mittelpunkt. Besonders bemerkenswert war, dass seine Werke erstmals retrospektiv mit Originalgem{\"a}lden in seiner Heimat gezeigt wurden. Die Ausstellung f{\"u}hrte neue Narrative, neu Ausstellungs- und Vermittlungskonzepte ein und weckte großes Interesse beim Publikum, was zu einem außerordentlichen Erfolg f{\"u}hrte. Basierend auf Konzepten der kritischen Museologie, (Kunst-)Soziologie und qualitativen Medienforschung untersucht die Arbeit die Ursachen und kurz- sowie langfristigen Effekte des Ausstellungserfolgs. Durch die Erforschung der bisher wenig beachteten Sph{\"a}re der Kunstdistribution und informellen Bildung in Indonesien leistet die Arbeit einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Grundlagenforschung der S{\"u}dostasienwissenschaften. Gleichzeitig adressiert sie verschiedene Desiderate in der Publikumsforschung und liefert Erkenntnisse f{\"u}r eine kritische Ausstellungspraxis auf internationaler B{\"u}hne. Unter der Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von vielf{\"a}ltigen Kontexten der Ausstellungsbesucher (Sozio-kulturell, physisch, pers{\"o}nlich) arbeitet die qualitative sowie quantitative Analyse die massgeblichen Erfolgsfaktoren der Ausstellung heraus. Die Besucherforschung zeigte, dass vor allem die urbane Mittelklasse die Ausstellung aufsuchte. Besucher_innen kamen in die Ausstellung mit Vorwissen zu Raden Saleh in Form von Legenden. Dieses Vorwissen verhandelten sie in der Ausstellung neu und passten es an ihre pers{\"o}nlichen Bed{\"u}rfnisse an. Gleichzeitig generierte sich das Interesse aus bis dato fehlenden Ganzk{\"o}rpererfahrungen mit historischen Zeitzeugnissen zu Raden Saleh. Der Ausstellungserfolg war nicht nur auf den richtigen Ort, sondern auf den gut gew{\"a}hlten Zeitpunkt zur{\"u}ckf{\"u}hren. Die stattfindenden Feierlichkeiten zu Raden Salehs Geburtstag im Rahmen einer Erinnerungspolitik und diverse stattfindende Diskurse der Kunstwelt fanden in der Ausstellung die richtige Plattform, um Narrative zu Kunst und Geschichte zu verhandeln. Die Analyse der Selektions- und Rezeptionspraktiken der Besuchwer_innen machten die wichtigsten Erfolgsfaktoren der Ausstellung deutlich: ihre F{\"a}higkeit an die oben genannten Kontexte der Besucher_innen anzukn{\"u}pfen oder diese f{\"u}r sich zu nutzen. Die Arbeit schließt mit Ergebnissen aus der Aneignungs- und Wirkungsforschung und deren Bewertung ab. Diese zeigen deutlich, dass die Wahrnehmung von Raden Saleh heute maßgeblich durch die Ausstellung «Raden Saleh und der Beginn der modernen indonesischen Malerei» beeinflusst wurde und verdeutlicht damit die Bedeutung und Verantwortung der informellen Lernorte wie Ausstellungen - insbesondere in postkolonialen Kontexten.}, subject = {Rezeptionsforschung}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Puellen2024, author = {P{\"u}llen, Dominik}, title = {Holistic Security Engineering for Software-Defined Vehicles}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14497}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XXIII, 161 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {With the increasing use of digital technologies in the automotive sector, the traditional automobile is undergoing a structural transformation, requiring new technologies and enabling innovative mobility concepts. In particular, the ability to drive automatically or even fully autonomously, update control software, and remain connected to the environment allows attackers to infiltrate highly critical vehicle systems and take control without adequate protection. Once not only individual vehicles but entire fleets are dominated by software, cyberattacks could disrupt a significant portion of the infrastructure and expose passengers to substantial risks. This work follows a holistic approach to protecting highly automated software-defined vehicles from cyberattacks by designing and implementing security concepts in the main phases of a vehicle's lifecycle. We use SAE level 4 prototype vehicles to evaluate our proposed techniques. We start with a systematic security requirement analysis using the ISA-62443 standard series, demonstrating how threats can be identified in a collaborative, hierarchical process and how the resulting security risks impact the software and hardware architecture of a self-driving vehicle. We show how this analysis process results in concrete requirements whose consideration reduces the overall security risk to a tolerable level. Subsequently, we develop technical solutions for selected requirements. We begin by securing the CAN and FlexRay legacy protocols, which we foresee being used in specific areas of SDV in a transitional period despite technological changes. To enable vehicle-wide security management, we address the management and distribution of cryptographic keys within such networks, mainly focusing on resource-constrained devices. We propose using lightweight implicit certificates for deriving cryptographic group keys that can be used in CAN networks. Additionally, we demonstrate how the slot-based frame structure of the FlexRay protocol allows for efficient "multi-slot" authentication, for which we calculate cryptographic keys using hash-based key chains. SDV use Ethernet-based communication protocols and custom middleware stacks to transmit large amounts of data in real-time. We develop a three-stage security process for the novel ASOA, which enables the development and central orchestration of system-agnostic functional software components on embedded systems and HPC platforms. After the central specification of the security architecture at the data flow level, security tokens are automatically calculated and distributed for runtime protection of the service-oriented, DDS-based data transmission. Our process ensures the strict separation of function and system knowledge, allowing for cost-effective and adaptable security architecture management. The evaluation in four self-driving, software-defined vehicles demonstrates an average runtime overhead of approximately 5.71\%. As the initial risk analysis and actual cyberattacks have shown, protective measures against the compromise of control units must be taken alongside communication security. To address this, we develop a method for verifying and validating the software integrity of control units. A governmental third party confirms a measurement through a digital certificate, proving the examined vehicle's trustworthiness and suitability for participation in automated traffic. In the final step of this work, we present an assessment scheme that allows software-defined vehicles to evaluate security incidents during operation in terms of their maximum expected damage and initiate appropriate countermeasures. We follow the ISO/SAE 21434 standard and model attack paths using a graph representing dependencies among internal vehicle assets to account for the propagation effects of cyberattacks. The assessment of a security incident considers not only the probability of individual attack paths but also the vehicle context. Our practical evaluation demonstrates that we can detect, report, and assess security incidents below the human reaction time in the earlier mentioned prototype vehicles.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Donner2024, author = {Donner, Eva Katharina}, title = {4 Essays on Sustainable Development and Organizations' Response to Stakeholder's Expectations}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14516}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {181 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {As integral part of the society, environment, and economy, the organization's survival and growth depend on legitimacy which reflects the social support and acceptance of its stakeholders, the institutions and individuals it interacts with. Organizations interact with internal and external stakeholder groups which not necessarily have the same legitimacy expectations. Due to several reasons, such as the adoption of new laws or the invention of new technologies, stakeholders' expectations of legitimate actions can change in the course of time. Thus, to respond to changing stakeholder's expectations, as integral part of a changing environment, is complex. The main objective of this dissertation is to answer the research question: "How do organizations respond to changing stakeholder's expectations in context of sustainable development?". Building on two empirical settings with four essays, this dissertation provides insights into organizations' responses as reaction to changing stakeholder expectations with regard to sustainable development. In particular, it takes a closer look on the interplay between internal stakeholders, such as employees, and external stakeholders, such as politics or customers. The first essay summarizes the organizational factors for the implementation of a research data management (RDM) system within higher education institutes (HEI) and how they interact with each other. Based on Leavitt's (1965) classical model of organizational change, the essay provides an overview about the interrelation between the individual components that make up an RDM system. The second essay investigates how early career researchers within HEI make use of different respond strategies to the state, market, professional, and community logic in context of RDM. It provides insights how employees deal with changing environmental conditions and the organization's response to them. The third essay analyses the shift from voluntary to mandatory sustainability reporting and demonstrates different strategies organizations adopt to respond to it. The fourth essay incorporates the findings of the third essay and investigates which factors influence the organization's strategy to respond. It focuses on the interface between the top management team and the chief executive officer. This dissertation makes at least two overall contributions to management and organization studies research. First, it emphasizes the role of different stakeholder groups and their impact on the organizations' activities. Second, this dissertation shows the value of connecting different theoretical approaches such as institutional logics, upper echelon theory, and organizational transparency research in context of organizational legitimacy and demonstrates that a nuanced view is necessary to understand the concept of organizational legitimacy. This cumulative dissertation is structured as follows. Part A is an introduction to the study organizational legitimacy. Part B contains the four essays.}, subject = {Strategisches Management}, language = {en} } @techreport{Heinrich2024, author = {Heinrich, Horst-Alfred}, title = {Demokratiezeichnungen : Dokumentation der Draw\&Write-Methode, angewandt im Rahmen einer bayernweiten Umfrage}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14524}, pages = {53 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {"Was ist Demokratie? [...] Die f{\"u}r die hier durchgef{\"u}hrte Studie relevante Frage ist [...] weniger die einer vertieften Theoriediskussion als die nach der empirischen Praxis. [...] Die in einem bayernweit erhobenen Survey erhaltenen Zeichnungen werden nachfolgend zusammen mit den einer Bildtypenanalyse entstammenden Kodierungen sowie den demographischen Angaben der Urheber:innen pr{\"a}sentiert." (Aus der Einleitung)}, language = {de} } @misc{Maegdefrau2024, author = {M{\"a}gdefrau, Jutta}, title = {Planung kompetenzorientierten Unterrichts}, series = {Vorbereitung der Schulpraxis: Studientexte zur Schulp{\"a}dagogik}, journal = {Vorbereitung der Schulpraxis: Studientexte zur Schulp{\"a}dagogik}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14574}, pages = {8 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Der Beitrag stellt auf der Basis der kritisch-konstruktiven Didaktik von Wolfgang Klafki eine Unterrichtsplanung in sieben Schritten vor, an der entlang insbesondere Studierende oder Referendar:innen ihre schriftlichen Unterrichtsvorbereitungen verfassen k{\"o}nnen. Im Sinne einer schrittweisen Ann{\"a}herung an die komplexe Praxis professioneller Unterrichtsplanung wird hier eine gut strukturierte Variante vorgeschlagen, auf der sp{\"a}ter aufgebaut werden kann.}, subject = {Unterrichtsplanung}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Faber2024, author = {Faber, Elke}, title = {amore patriae: Kulturgeschichtliche Betrachtungen zur Rolle von Partikularsynoden im politischen System Polen-Litauens in den Jahren 1447-1643}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14940}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {1215 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In der Fr{\"u}hen Neuzeit waren Kirche und weltliche Politik eng verflochten. Die katholischen Synoden im fr{\"u}hneuzeitlichen Polen-Litauen bildeten hiervon keine Ausnahme: Obwohl Versammlungen des Klerus, waren sie stark ins politische System eingebunden, das sich zu einer Wahlmonarchie mit starkem Adel und parlamentarischen Elementen entwickelte. Diese Arbeit untersucht systematisch die politischen Aspekte der Provinzial- und Primatialsynoden in Polen-Litauen von 1447 bis 1643 aus der Perspektive der Kulturgeschichte des Politischen. Zun{\"a}chst wurde eine bereinigte Liste aller Synoden erstellt, um Frequenz und Verteilung zu analysieren und diese mit der Aktivit{\"a}t des Reichstags zu vergleichen. Die Arbeit untersucht in der Folge die institutionelle Ausformung der Synoden, ihre Vor- und Nachbereitung sowie die Abl{\"a}ufe und Beratungen. Zudem beleuchtet sie die Funktionen, die diese Klerus-Versammlungen im politischen System erf{\"u}llten, und den Beziehungen, die sie zu anderen politischen Akteuren ‒ insbesondere dem K{\"o}nig, dem Adel und dem Reichstag ‒ unterhielten. Da sich im Untersuchungszeitraum von zweihundert Jahren erhebliche Ver{\"a}nderungen in H{\"a}ufigkeit, Funktionen und politischen Beziehungen zeigten, wurde dieser in vier Abschnitte zu je rund f{\"u}nfzig Jahren gegliedert: Die erste Phase deckt sich weitestgehend mit der Regentschaft Kazimierzs IV (1447-1492), in der sich die parlamentarischen Elemente im politischen System Polen-Litauens herausbildeten. In der zweiten Phase (1493-1561) traf das nun voll entwickelte System auf eine rege Synodalt{\"a}tigkeit. Der dritte Abschnitt beleuchtet die Phase nach dem abrupten Einbruch der Synodalt{\"a}tigkeit (1561-1600). Der vierte Abschnitt (1600-1643) untersucht das moderate Wiederaufleben der Synoden in jener Epoche, in der sich das politische System durch ein Erstarken des Klientelwesens ver{\"a}nderte. Innerhalb jedes Abschnitts werden die vier Hauptfragen nach Frequenz, institutioneller Ausformung, Funktionen und Beziehungen zu politischen Akteuren behandelt.}, subject = {Politisches System}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Grassl2024, author = {Graßl, Isabella}, title = {Diversity in Programming Education: Effects of Topic and Group Constellation on Young Programming Novices}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15049}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {xi, 256 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The field of software engineering faces a significant diversity crisis, characterized by a critical lack of heterogeneity despite ongoing efforts to promote gender equality. The persistent male dominance in this domain has created an urgent need for more heterogeneous groups in software engineering. This lack of diversity not only hinders underrepresented groups from entering the field but also prevents them from gaining initial programming experiences, which are a core component of software engineering and essential for developing computational thinking. To address this crisis and its implications, early interventions are key in shaping positive perceptions, building confidence, and sparking initial interest in programming among underrepresented groups before societal stereotypes of programming as a nerdy field manifests. This means starting with basic programming courses for children and continuing through to first-year university students in order to foster technical skills and computational thinking, alongside creativity and collaboration. However, there is limited understanding of how introductory programming course designs impact diversity-dependent characteristics to create welcoming and learning-friendly environments. This understanding is particularly important for underrepresented groups, especially girls, to benefit from their first programming experiences as they are often hindered by the initial perception of programming as (1) abstract and unappealing, and (2) non-social to novices. Engaging, creative, and relatable topics in programming courses might demystify complex programming concepts, making them more accessible, less intimidating, and appealing. However, understanding programming is not just about the content---it is also about the context in which it is learned. Introducing programming as social activity is important, particularly for young learners. By emphasizing team work, we might encourage collaboration and peer support, counteracting the lone-wolf programmer stereotype. Therefore, this doctoral thesis investigates the effects of both key aspects in programming courses---(1) topic choices and (2) group constellations---on young programming novices. The aim is to provide a holistic understanding of how different course designs can support diverse learners and promote gender equality in programming education. While this research primarily addresses gender diversity due to the persistent gender gap in software engineering, it also examines additional diversity dimensions, including age, ethnicity, prior programming experience, disabilities, and educational background. A total of 13 studies were conducted within this thesis, examining the current state of educational settings and utilizing various introductory programming courses designed for children aged 8 to 18, as well as first-year university students. These studies employed different programming environments, such as Scratch and Sonic Pi, and incorporated a variety of topics and group constellations to observe their effects on student outcomes. By using a mixed-methods design, data were gathered through surveys, observations, and both data-driven and manual code analysis. Key findings reveal that it is particularly noteworthy how children utilize the programming environment to engage with and creatively express topics aligned with their interests which also align mostly with gender-stereotypes, including elements from internet and popular culture as well as socio-cultural narratives. However, gender-sensitive and neutral topic choices enhance engagement, self-efficacy, contribution, code quality and creative output, while also contributing to reduce stereotypical beliefs about programming, particularly among girls. In line with the findings for the course topic, group constellations also influence programming experiences. In particular, introducing pair programming in courses shows a promising approach for young learners, but attention must be paid to mitigate socially learned gender-stereotypical behaviours. Another finding indicates that, unlike professional software teams, mixed-diverse student teams often encounter substantial challenges, thus benefit from clear communication guidelines and supportive environments to promote better collaboration. This doctoral thesis concludes with guidelines for designing more effective and inclusive introductory programming courses. These recommendations include using gender-sensitive course materials, allowing for creative freedom through topic choices while encouraging the use of advanced programming concepts, promoting collaboration through pair programming while fostering enhanced communication, boosting self-efficacy with quick positive feedback for girls in particular, and providing emotional support for underrepresented groups. By following these guidelines, educators can create more engaging, inclusive, and effective programming courses. This may ultimately promote a more equitable and diverse future generation of professional software developers while also fostering computational thinking, encouraging a broader interest in programming among all young learners.}, subject = {Softwareentwicklung}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hofer2024, author = {Hofer, Denise}, title = {Die Implementierung Inklusiver Begabungsf{\"o}rderung - Eine Interventionsstudie zur Implementierung Inklusiver Begabungsf{\"o}rderung in Niederbayern}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15065}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {315 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit wird das zweij{\"a}hrige Pilotprojekt „BegIN-Begabungsf{\"o}rderung in Niederbayern" wissenschaftlich begleitet. Im Zuge des Implementierungsprojekts werden Kriterien f{\"u}r ein Begabungssiegel entwickelt, mit dem die neun teilnehmenden Pilotprojektschulen f{\"u}r drei Jahre zertifiziert werden sollen. Um die Lehrpersonen bei der Unterrichtsentwicklung zu unterst{\"u}tzen, wird mit Lehrer:innenfortbildungen interveniert. Alle Schulleiter:innen der teilnehmenden Pilotprojektschulen und ein Vertreter der Schulbeh{\"o}rde werden in zwei Erhebungszeitr{\"a}umen um ihre Einsch{\"a}tzungen bez{\"u}glich ihres Begriffsverst{\"a}ndnisses, ihrer Erwartungshaltungen, der auftretenden Herausforderungen und der notwendigen Rahmenbedingungen interviewt. Zus{\"a}tzlich werden die Lehrpersonen der teilnehmenden Pilotprojektschulen ebenfalls zu zwei Zeitpunkten in einem Abstand von einem Jahr quantitativ zu ihren subjektiven Einsch{\"a}tzungen bez{\"u}glich der Umsetzung von Inklusiver Begabungsf{\"o}rderung befragt. Es werden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit zahlreiche f{\"o}rderliche und einige hemmende Einflussfaktoren bei der Implementierung Inklusiver Begabungsf{\"o}rderung untersucht, die Schulen in ihren Entwicklungsprozessen im Kontext Inklusiver Begabungsf{\"o}rderung miteinbeziehen und ber{\"u}cksichtigt k{\"o}nnen. Dadurch kann Inklusive Begabungsf{\"o}rderung allen Sch{\"u}ler:innen zugute kommen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Felfeli2024, author = {Felfeli, Anna}, title = {Sozialkonstruktivistische Außenpolitikforschung im nationalen, bilateralen und regionalen Handlungskontext - Die Aussagekraft von M{\"o}glichkeitsr{\"a}umen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15038}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {197 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die publikationsbasierte Dissertationsschrift besteht aus vier Einzelpublikationen und einem Manteltext. Letzterer widmet sich der theoretischen Erfassung von M{\"o}glichkeitsr{\"a}umen in der Außenpolitik. In theoriegeleiteten Fallstudien analysiert die Arbeit den Zusammenhang zwischen Identit{\"a}ten, Diskursen und Verhaltensweisen mit dem Ziel, außenpolitische M{\"o}glichkeitsr{\"a}ume in unterschiedlichen Handlungskontexten zu ermitteln. Das im Mantelteil neu generierte Modell zur Erforschung dieser M{\"o}glichkeitsr{\"a}ume {\"u}berspannt die verschiedenen Theorien der Einzelbeitr{\"a}ge und zeigt so den Mehrwert einer konstitutiven sozialkonstruktivistischen Außenpolitiktheorie auf. Im Modell werden die folgenden drei Analysefelder herausgearbeitet: 1) Historische Vorstudie, 2) Fallspezifische Diskursanalyse und 3) Konstitutive Wirkungen. Anhand der Fallstudien wird dargelegt, wie der außenpolitische Rechtfertigungsdiskurs die Identit{\"a}t und damit den M{\"o}glichkeitsraum des Akteurs entweder reproduziert, erweitert oder durchbricht und welche konkreten Implikationen dies f{\"u}r den aktuellen und zuk{\"u}nftigen Handlungsspielraum in der Außenpolitik hat. Im Ergebnis k{\"o}nnen unter Anwendung des Modells die langfristigen Wirkungen von politischen Reaktionen auf Krisenereignisse differenziert bewertet werden. Dies f{\"u}hrt zu einem besseren Verst{\"a}ndnis von Nachhaltigkeit in der Außenpolitik und legt dar, dass sozialkonstruktivistische Außenpolitikforschung in der Lage ist, {\"u}ber die Gegenwart hinaus Aussagen {\"u}ber das zu erwartende Verhalten von Staaten in einem bestimmten Handlungskontext abzugeben.}, subject = {Konstruktivismus }, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Berger2024, author = {Berger, Christian}, title = {Towards Fast and Adaptive Byzantine State Machine Replication for Planetary-Scale Systems}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15059}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {ix, 181 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {State machine replication (SMR) is a classical approach for building resilient distributed systems. In Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) systems, no concrete assumptions are made about the behavior of faulty replicas. With the advancement of distributed ledger technologies (DLT), planetary-scale BFT SMR ist becoming practical and necessary as it can serve as a consensus primitive to keep the ledger consistent. In our view, the alignment of BFT SMR to DLT brings new challenges, for instance the scalability aspect, where recent research works less frequently address latency improvements than throughput improvements. Further challenges include the geographic dispersion of replicas within a planetary-scale system and the need of a BFT SMR protocol to react to environmental changes during runtime. This thesis has the objective to improve BFT SMR for planetary-scale systems by lowering the protocol latency observed by clients and by making the BFT SMR system adaptive, i.e., enabling replicas to react to perceived changes such as changing network characteristics or faulty replicas. As a first contribution of this thesis, we discover that fast, consensus-free (read-only) operations is a flawed optimization in seminal BFT SMR frameworks, such as PBFT and BFT-SMaRt. We explain how the read-only optimization can violate the protocol's liveness by showing an attack and then present a solution that makes the overall, optimized protocol both live and linearizable. The second contribution is Adaptive Wide-Area Replication (AWARE), which enables a geo-replicated system to adapt to its environment, thus improving the geographical scalability of consensus if replicas are dispersed across the world. Essentially, AWARE is an automated and dynamic voting-weight tuning and leader positioning scheme, which supports the emergence of fast consensus quorums in the system and builds upon previous work, the WHEAT protocol. AWARE combines reliable self-monitoring with a consensus latency prediction model, thus striving to minimize the system's consensus latency at runtime, which subsequently results in latency improvements observed by clients scattered across the globe, which we validate through experiments. The third contribution presents FlashConsensus, a protocol derived from AWARE, that also adjusts the resilience threshold. The core idea is the tentative use of a lower resilience threshold which leads to smaller consensus quorums and thus consensus acceleration in common-case scenarios where we expect only few faulty replicas. FlashConsensus achieves threat-level awareness through the incorporation of two modes of operation and BFT forensic support and guarantees liveness and linearizability under optimal resilience. Moreover, FlashConsensus allows for client-side speculation by using incremental consistency guarantees to further lower request latency. Additionally, we investigate on the question whether we can reason about the performance of large-scale systems utilizing simulations. We discover, that we can faithfully forecast the performance of BFT protocols by plugging real protocol implementations into a high-performance network simulator. For instance, simulation results reveal that, using 51 replicas scattered across the planet, FlashConsensus can finalize operations in less than 0.4 s, which is half of the time required for a PBFT-like protocol in the same network, and matching the latency of this protocol running on the best possible internet links (transmitting at 67\% of the speed of light).}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Sentanoe2024, author = {Sentanoe, Stewart}, title = {VMIaaS: Virtual Machine Introspection as a Service}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15027}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {vi, 121 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In this digital era, communication in the digital world is becoming part of our daily lives. One key technology that becomes part of this digital transformation is cloud computing. It allows users to have a running system as a virtual machine (VM) on the cloud without owning a physical server. Unfortunately, adversaries can also use those systems to conduct criminal activities. Therefore, developing a method to extract evidence from those systems is also necessary. One way is through digital forensics, and one method to do digital forensics of a VM is using virtual machine introspection (VMI). However, VMI has yet to be made available by any public cloud provider. This thesis addresses this issue by introducing methods for deploying VMI on public cloud providers. Four main challenges have to be solved. Firstly, VMI requires access to the hypervisor, which practically can access all VMs running on the same server. This leads to security and privacy issues where customers can introspect each other VMs. To solve this problem, this thesis introduces KVMIveggur, a versatile access control of VMI. It comes with different options that every customer can choose from based on their needs. Secondly, VMI introduces overhead to the running VM. This is because most of the introspection mechanisms perform data access to the monitored VM. Performing data access on a running VM can cause data inconsistency. Hence, pausing the VM before executing the data access is better. However, when the VM pausing frequency is high, it will affect the performance of the monitored VM. The current state-of-the-art techniques use caching to reduce the VM pausing frequency. However, it faces a problem: the cached data may be outdated compared to the actual data. Therefore, this thesis introduces VMIFresh, a better caching mechanism. We leverage both active and passive tracing mechanisms to ensure high performance and consistency of the data (freshness). Thirdly, many state-of-the-art VMI libraries and applications run perfectly only on Intel processors because Intel CPUs provide the best hardware support for VMI. However, AMD and ARM processors are getting more popular in cloud computing. Thus, it is necessary to retrofit VMI capabilities to support AMD and ARM processors. This thesis describes the requirements to employ VMI on AMD and ARM processors. We also provide the implementation of those requirements. Finally, to do introspection using VMI, it is crucial to have proper symbol information (layout and location of data structures) of the introspected operating system (OS) and user applications. While many existing VMI approaches concentrate primarily on analyzing OS data structures, analyzing user application data often receives no attention. In our approach, we address this gap by focussing on application-level introspection. We have identified several use cases that require this kind of introspection. We focus on cryptographic key extraction for two specific instances: secure shell (SSH) and transport layer security (TLS) by leveraging the power of machine learning techniques to locate those keys in the main memory effectively and efficiently. After we had solved those challenges, we combined a couple of our approaches and introduced two VMI applications: Sarracenia and VMIGuard. Sarracenia is a deception technology that tracks activities done on an SSH session. The main goal of Sarracenia is to attract adversaries away from the production system and learn about their behavior. On the other hand, VMIGuard also monitors the SSH traffic. But, it specifically monitors the activity of any git-related activities. The main goal of VMIGuard is to ensure the integrity of the hosted data from any internal malicious actor.}, subject = {Cloud Computing}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ghaffar2024, author = {Ghaffar, Abdul Muqeet}, title = {Understanding Individuals' Willingness for Prosocial Data Disclosure: Exploring Antecedents and Investigating Strategies for its Promotion}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15001}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {iv, 94 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Privacy research has traditionally focused on understanding individuals' behavior in disclosing personal data by assuming that individuals disclose their data mainly out of self-interest. However, in many contexts, individuals disclose their data primarily for the benefit of others and society, thereby showing a form of prosocial behavior. This dissertation conceptualizes these types of data disclosure as prosocial data disclosures and argues that existing privacy research frameworks, such as the privacy calculus, have not been sufficiently applied in privacy research and need to be reevaluated to fully capture the complexities of prosocial data disclosures. Despite the growing relevance of understanding individuals' willingness for prosocial data disclosures, existing research in this field is limited. This dissertation consists of four essays that seek to deepen the understanding of the underlying decision-making processes of individuals by exploring the antecedents and investigating strategies that promote prosocial data disclosure. By employing different research methods, including systematic literature reviews, qualitative and quantitative surveys, interviews, workshops, and conjoint analysis, this dissertation contributes to the identification of the multifaceted antecedents of prosocial data disclosure which can be classified into different drivers and barriers. Furthermore, by integrating insights from different disciplines such as behavioral economics, social psychology, and information systems research, this dissertation provides empirical evidence for the use of message framing and the deliberate emphasis on impact uncertainty as two promising strategies in promoting prosocial data disclosure. The findings derived from all four essays inform privacy research and prosocial behavior research about the need for sophisticated theories that are capable of better capturing the complexities of prosocial data disclosure. Additionally, the findings offer practical implications for designing ethically responsible data disclosure practices while respecting individual privacy rights.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Masselus2024, author = {Masselus, Lise}, title = {Evaluating Poverty Alleviation: Essays on Microfinance, Energy Access and Limits to the Gold Standard in Empirical Economics}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14981}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {145 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In my dissertation, I combine topical contributions on microfinance and energy access, two prevalent poverty alleviation policies, with methodological contributions on how empirical economics research can contribute to effective policymaking. Chapter 1 reviews the existing experimental evidence on microfinance. We use this deep literature to highlight challenges in generalizing from empirical research. Chapter 2 and 3 provide empirical insights on the energy access-poverty nexus. We study the long-term adoption of grid electrification and evaluate whether productive use can foster adoption and impact. Chapter 4 addresses data quality, an essential yet often overlooked element in research and policymaking. This introduction provides a general overview on microfinance, energy access, and methodological critiques on common practices in empirical economics research. [from the introduction]}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Klumpp2024, author = {Klumpp, Lorenz}, title = {Populismus und Medien - Visuelle Darstellungen politischer Akteure auf Magazincovern}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14349}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {128 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Bislang beschr{\"a}nkte sich die inhaltsanalytische Populismusforschung {\"u}berwiegend auf textuelle Botschaften, wie etwa Parteiprogramme, Zeitungsartikel oder Online Foren. Erst seit wenigen Jahren werden zunehmend auch visuell vermittelte Botschaften im Zusammenhang mit Populismus Gegenstand politik- und kommunikationswissenschaftlicher Untersuchung. Durch eine Verkn{\"u}pfung des Ansatzes der Visuellen Politik mit einer Konzeptualisierung von Populismus als Kommunikationsph{\"a}nomen versteht sich die vorliegende Dissertation als Beitrag zur Erforschung einer Visuellen Politik des Populismus (Moffitt 2022). Empirisch nimmt der Autor die Medienebene in den Fokus und konzentriert sich hierbei auf die ikonographisch-ikonologische Analyse von Magazincovern. So werden einerseits visuelle Darstellungen populistischer Akteure auf den Titelseiten des Nachrichtenmagazins Der Spiegel (Klumpp 2020, 2022) sowie andererseits visuelle Darstellungen des politischen Personals insgesamt auf Covern von Der Spiegel und Compact mittels Bildtypenanalyse (Klumpp 2023) untersucht.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Rose2024, author = {Rose, Julian}, title = {Poor Economics and the Long Term: Empirical Essays on Energy and Economic Poverty}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15124}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {121 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This dissertation explores different aspects of poverty specific to urban and rural areas. The first two chapters examine energy access for poor urban households, emphasizing the need for effective energy policies that ensure access while considering environmental and climate impacts. The final two chapters analyze the long-term effects of transfer programs targeting poor rural households, aiming to overcome poverty traps. The dissertation expands the methodological toolkit typically used in economics, addressing increasing concerns about the generalizability of experimental results, the narrow focus of research question in causal research, and the credibility crisis of empirical research.}, subject = {Armut}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hofstadler2024, author = {Hofstadler, Julian}, title = {Qualitative and quantitative convergence results for randomised integration methods}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15196}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {III, 80 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In this thesis different randomised integration methods based on either, randomised Quasi-Monte Carlo, or (adaptive) Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are studied. Depending on the underlying integration problem we show qualitative and quantitative results, which ensure the asymptotic correctness of an algorithm or provide explicit error bounds. The first problem we consider is Lebesgue integration in the unit cube. We prove that a class of structured randomised integration methods is consistent w.r.t. convergence in mean and probability for any integrable function. Under slightly stronger integrability conditions we show that one also has almost sure convergence for median modified methods. We demonstrate the applicability of our theoretical results by considering randomly shifted lattice rules, randomised (t,d)-sequences, Latin hypercube samples, and randomised Frolov points. Secondly, we study integration w.r.t. probability measures which are available only via their non-normalised density. In this context we investigate Markov chain Monte Carlo methods which satisfy a spectral gap condition and functions which do not need to have a finite second moment. We prove error bounds for the absolute mean error where the rate of convergence is optimal. Illustrative scenarios where our theory is applicable are the random walk Metropolis algorithm as well as slice samplers. Finally, we study so-called adaptive increasingly rare Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. Based on a simultaneous Wasserstein contraction assumption we estimate the mean squared error and also prove bounds which characterise the path-wise convergence of the estimator. To demonstrate the applicability of our results we consider a number of examples, among which are doubly intractable distributions.}, language = {en} } @techreport{StollPramlReitzer2024, author = {Stoll, Oliver and Praml, Johannes and Reitzer, Lukas}, title = {Eine r{\"o}mische Milit{\"a}rfamilie in Passau-Innstadt: Neues zu einem wenig beachteten Denkmal im R{\"o}mermuseum Kastell Boiotro}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15272}, pages = {23 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Bei dem Beitrag handelt es sich um die neue Bearbeitung eines Grabdenkmals einer r{\"o}mischen Milit{\"a}rfamilie des 3. Jhs. n. Chr. Der Stein, der im Bereich des Gr{\"a}berfeldes des norischen Kastells Boiodurum aufgestellt gewesen ist, tr{\"a}gt eine schwer lesbare Inschrift. Im Rahmen der Untersuchung mittels Streulicht- bzw. RTI-Scans konnten wir einen neue Lesung der Inschrift erarbeiten. Eingebettet werden diese Ergebnisse in eine Deutung des Denkmals bzw. eine Einordnung in die Gattung dieser Denkm{\"a}ler von Milit{\"a}rfamilien, die eine Besonderheit des Donauraumes darstellen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Greifenstein2024, author = {Greifenstein, Luisa}, title = {Supporting Primary School Programming Education through Formative Feedback}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15188}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {viii, 204 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Children are increasingly surrounded by computer science aspects in their everyday life. Primary school education aims at empowering children to participate in and reflect on their environment. Therefore, computer science related contents such as programming are increasingly introduced into primary school curricula. However, this also involves challenges in particular for teachers, who need to familiarise themselves with the new curriculum. As a result, primary school teachers often struggle to help primary school children with their programming issues. Corrective feedback given during the learning process (i. e. formative feedback) can help by promoting cognitive factors such as content knowledge. This thesis therefore aims to support primary school programming education through formative feedback. In order to shed light on different perspectives, both teachers and children participated in the studies in a mixed methods design. Teachers' challenges and children's programming issues were explored as a basis for knowing what both target groups struggle with. This was done by conducting content analysis on the challenges and issues collected and using the resulting categories for further quantitative analysis. The effects of different characteristics of feedback on the effectiveness and efficiency of teaching and learning programming were then explained. This was done by asking the teachers and children to explain their ratings and conducting content analysis on their explanations. The support of primary school programming education through formative feedback builds on the major challenge of teachers' lack of content knowledge and the corresponding strategies of teacher training and automated feedback. Indeed, automated feedback was found to be mostly helpful for debugging and task creation. In order to provide direct support to children, common programming issues were identified in terms of the understanding of programming concepts and the usage of the programming environment. Effects on children's learning and their preferences were identified for several feedback characteristics, leading for example to elaborated hints instead of simple direct instructions. Based on these results, a formative feedback approach of hint cards was developed and evaluated. The hint cards approach proved to be a useful example strategy for supporting primary school programming education through formative feedback.}, subject = {R{\"u}ckmeldung}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-1607, title = {Mater Genetrix}, editor = {Hertrampf, Marina Ortrud M.}, publisher = {Walter der Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-11-155875-2}, doi = {10.1515/9783111558752}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2410221648369.521257990742}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {VI, 228 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Que signifie {\^e}tre m{\`e}re ? Les r{\´e}ponses {\`a} cette question ont vari{\´e} fortement au cours des si{\`e}cles, {\´e}voluant avec les paradigmes id{\´e}ologiques et culturels qui sous-tendent le statut des femmes dans la soci{\´e}t{\´e}. La conception des femmes en tant que m{\`e}res, leur rapport {\`a} la maternit{\´e} sont {\´e}troitement li{\´e}s {\`a} leurs possibilit{\´e}s sociales et mat{\´e}rielles d'auto-d{\´e}termination, ainsi qu'{\`a} l'autonomie corporelle dont elles disposent ou pas. Au-del{\`a} de la dichotomie traditionnelle entre m{\`e}re id{\´e}alis{\´e}e par la religion ou le patriotisme et m{\`e}re « monstrueuse » qui n{\´e}glige, torture ou m{\^e}me tue ses enfants, les contributions r{\´e}unies dans ce volume analysent un {\´e}ventail contrast{\´e} de figures maternelles dans la litt{\´e}rature fran{\c{c}}aise et francophone des 20e et 21e si{\`e}cles, et interroge les objectifs de leur mise en sc{\`e}ne - de la d{\´e}fense de positions f{\´e}ministes {\`a} une confrontation d'ordre th{\´e}rapeutique, voire narcissique, avec la mater genetrix.}, language = {fr} } @techreport{Hartwig2024, author = {Hartwig, Susanne}, title = {Abschlussbericht zu "Erz{\"a}hlung, Erwartung, Erfahrung. Behinderung im zeitgen{\"o}ssischen europ{\"a}ischen Theater und Film"}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15686}, pages = {12 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Das Projekt EEE (429281822) setzt sich zum Ziel, die Wirkung von Theaterauff{\"u}hrungen und Filmen mit Darsteller:innen mit „geistiger" Behinderung auf die Vorstellungsbilder von „geistiger" Behinderung systematisch darzustellen. Das Fortsetzungsprojekt EEEM hat zum Ziel, die Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojektes EEE niedrigschwellig einer breiten {\"O}ffentlichkeit zu vermitteln.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Binder2024, author = {Binder, Alexandra}, title = {Universit{\"a}t nachhaltig bauen. Vom Architekturwettbewerb zur gebauten Realit{\"a}t am Campus Passau}, isbn = {978-3-00-080180-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14993}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {348 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In der Praxis wird f{\"u}r den Bildungssektor, insbesondere f{\"u}r Universit{\"a}ten, bereits nachhaltig gebaut. H{\"a}ufig kommen hierzu Architekturwettbewerbe als regulierendes Instrument zum Einsatz. In der Theorie jedoch, im Bereich der Architekturgeschichte, wurde dieses Zusammenspiel noch wenig tiefgreifend behandelt. Vor allem, da es sich um ein architekturhistorisch junges Themenfeld handelt. Speziell {\"u}ber die nachhaltige Bauweise am Campus Passau, der erst in den 1970er Jahren im Zuge eines st{\"a}dtebaulichen Ideen- und Bauwettbewerbes entstand und stetig erweitert wird, und deren Wurzeln ist der {\"O}ffentlichkeit wenig bekannt. Um diese Informationsl{\"u}cke zu schließen und die Frage zu beantworten, wie Architekturwettbewerbe im Allgemeinen eine nachhaltige Baukultur f{\"u}r Universit{\"a}ten beg{\"u}nstigen oder sogar festschreiben k{\"o}nnen, ist die Dissertation „UNIVERSIT{\"A}T NACHHALTIG BAUEN" entstanden. In ihr wird im Zuge der Erforschung der Architekturgeschichte der Universit{\"a}t Passau analysiert, wie Architekturwettbewerbe die Entstehung ihres nachhaltigen Campus etabliert haben und wie sie das auch weiterhin tun. Somit wird ein signifikanter Beitrag zur architektur- sowie insbesondere ideengeschichtlichen Aufarbeitung von Wettbewerbsverfahren als Instrument nachhaltigen Hochschulbaus geleistet. Im Besonderen wird die Identit{\"a}t der Universit{\"a}t Passau als nachhaltige Hochschule {\"u}ber die Darlegung der Tradition klimafreundlichen Bauens am Campus, welche ihren Ursprung in Konkurrenzen hat, gefestigt. Diese exemplarische Entwicklung mit Leitbildcharakter wird erstmals unter Fokussierung auf ein zukunftsweisendes, aktuell sehr pr{\"a}sentes Thema Nachhaltigkeit, zusammenh{\"a}ngend systematisch dokumentiert, analysiert, kontextualisiert sowie kritisch diskutiert. Ziel dieser Vorgehensweise ist es, einen Nachweis fortdauernder nachhaltiger Baukultur, Architektur sowie nachhaltigen St{\"a}dtebaus am Beispiel des Campus Passau zu erbringen. Untersucht wird die Zeitspanne ab der Gr{\"u}ndung anhand der Analyse der entsprechenden Architekturwettbewerbe, mit Schwerpunkt auf das urspr{\"u}ngliche Verfahren der 70er Jahre f{\"u}r den Campus am Inn bis hin zum aktuellen Verfahren f{\"u}r den Neubau des Internationalen Wissenschaftszentrums am Spitzberg. Die so entstandenen neuen Erkenntnisse bereichern mittels Br{\"u}ckenschl{\"a}gen zwischen Theorie und Praxis die Nachhaltigkeitsforschung und den bestehenden architekturwissenschaftlichen Diskurs, er{\"o}ffnen neue Forschungsperspektiven, werden einer breiten {\"O}ffentlichkeit erstmals zug{\"a}nglich gemacht. Sie k{\"o}nnen unter anderem als Vorbild und unterst{\"u}tzendes Begleitmaterial zuk{\"u}nftiger Planungen dienen. Hervorzuheben ist dabei immer der Fokus auf die historische Entwicklung, architektonische Revolution und Tradition, die zur heutigen Identit{\"a}t des Campus Passau f{\"u}hrte.}, language = {de} } @article{FekihHassenChallouf2024, author = {Fekih Hassen, Wiem and Challouf, Maher}, title = {Long short-term renewable energy sources prediction for grid-management systems based on stacking ensemble model}, series = {Energies}, volume = {2024}, journal = {Energies}, number = {17(13)}, doi = {10.3390/en17133145}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14649}, pages = {19 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The transition towards sustainable energy systems necessitates effective management of renewable energy sources alongside conventional grid infrastructure. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to optimizing grid management by integrating Photovoltaic (PV), wind, and grid energies to minimize costs and enhance sustainability. A key focus lies in developing an accurate scheduling algorithm utilizing Mixed Integer Programming (MIP), enabling dynamic allocation of energy resources to meet demand while minimizing reliance on cost-intensive grid energy. An ensemble learning technique, specifically a stacking algorithm, is employed to construct a robust forecasting pipeline for PV and wind energy generation. The forecasting model achieves remarkable accuracy with a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of less than 0.1 for short-term (15 min and one day ahead) and long-term (one week and one month ahead) predictions. By combining optimization and forecasting methodologies, this research contributes to advancing grid management systems capable of harnessing renewable energy sources efficiently, thus facilitating cost savings and fostering sustainability in the energy sector.}, language = {en} } @article{FritzGrimmWeberetal.2024, author = {Fritz, Manuela and Grimm, Michael and Weber, Ingmar and Yom-Tov, Elad and Praditya, Benedictus}, title = {Can social media encourage diabetes self-screenings? A randomized controlled trial with Indonesian Facebook users}, series = {npj | Digital medicine}, volume = {2024}, journal = {npj | Digital medicine}, number = {7}, publisher = {Macmillan Publishers Limited}, address = {Basingstoke}, doi = {10.1038/s41746-024-01246-x}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15157}, pages = {13 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Nudging individuals without obvious symptoms of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) to undergo a health screening remains a challenge, especially in middle-income countries, where NCD awareness is low but the incidence is high. We assess whether an awareness campaign implemented on Facebook can encourage individuals in Indonesia to undergo an online diabetes self-screening. We use Facebook's advertisement function to randomly distribute graphical ads related to the risk and consequences of diabetes. Depending on their risk score, participants receive a recommendation to undergo a professional screening. We were able to reach almost 300,000 individuals in only three weeks. More than 1400 individuals completed the screening, inducing costs of about US\$0.75 per person. The two ads labeled "diabetes consequences" and "shock" outperform all other ads. A follow-up survey shows that many high-risk respondents have scheduled a professional screening. A cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that our campaign can diagnose an additional person with diabetes for about US\$9.}, language = {en} }