@phdthesis{Springer2025, author = {Springer, Simone Maria}, title = {Lehramtsstudierende auf ihrem Weg der Professionalisierung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-16120}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {420 Seiten}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Studie untersucht subjektive Vorstellungen von Professionalisierung aus Sicht Studierender des Lehramts Grundschule an der Universit{\"a}t Passau im Rahmen unterschiedlicher Praktikumsformen: P{\"a}dagogisch-didaktisches Praktikum (PDP), Exercitium Paedagogicum (ExPaed) und Modellcurriculum (MC). Aus der Theorie heraus wurden zwei Hauptkategorien der Studie abgeleitet: Kategorie I - Inwiefern unterscheiden sich die subjektiven Sichtweisen Studierender unterschiedlicher Praktika (PDP, ExPead, MC) auf Professionalisierung? Und Kategorie II - Inwiefern unterscheidet sich die systematische Reflexion der individuellen Professionalisierung von Studierenden unterschiedlicher Praktika (PDP, ExPaed, MC)? Durch diese drei Gruppierungen ist es m{\"o}glich, verschiedene Perspektiven zu ber{\"u}cksichtigen und Unterschiede herauszuarbeiten. Die leitfaden-gest{\"u}tzten ExpertInneninterviews (n = 27: 8 PDP, 10 ExPaed, 9 MC) wurden mit dem Programm f4 transkribiert und mit Hilfe der Datenanalyse-Software MAXQDA (2020/2022) inhaltsanalytisch nach Mayring (2015) ausgewertet. Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen Abweichungen der einzelnen Studierendengruppen bez{\"u}glich biografischer Ausgangslagen f{\"u}r Professionalisierung. StudentInnen der einzelnen Gruppierungen nehmen Professionalisierung im systemisch-strukturellen Rahmen in Form von Praktika anders war, zeigen Unterschiede im professionellen Selbstverst{\"a}ndnis und in den subjektiven Einflussfaktoren f{\"u}r Professionalisierung. Auch in der systematischen Reflexion der eigenen Professionalisierung k{\"o}nnen Diskrepanzen eruiert werden.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Czech2021, author = {Czech, Susanne}, title = {Clarence Streit's Union Now and the Idea of an Anglo-American Union: A Movement Away From Imperialism to a World State?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9202}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {vii, 402 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This thesis is concerned with proposals that aimed at transforming or reforming the English-speaking world so that it could continue to dominate the world in the future. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, these ideas emerged from the discourse of Anglo-Saxonism that represented the Anglo-Saxon 'race' as the most developed 'race' in the world which could, therefore, 'legitimately' rule the world. In the later 20th century, an Atlantic discourse developed, which appeared to address further nations in the group of world leaders. However, it seems to rely on similar discursive elements as Anglo-Saxonism, which only includes the English-speaking world. The construction of the respective discourses is examined in late 19th/early 20th century writings by authors broadly associated with the British Empire as well as in Union Now, a 1939 book by U.S.-American Clarence K. Streit. The latter part presents the focus of this thesis. Streit developed a new concept of a world order in which a world state - the Atlantic Union - was to be established. In a first step, it should only be founded by a nucleus of the 15 'leading' democracies in the world and should subsequently be expanded. In addition to the connection between Anglo-Saxonism and Atlanticism which is investigated in Streit's writings, his network and prominence are analyzed, as are the resolutions Streit's supporters introduced into the U.S. Congress and Streit's stance on imperialism.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Wolff2025, author = {Wolff, Monika-Sybille}, title = {F{\"o}rderung situativer, aufgabenbezogener Emotionen von Studierenden durch eine Value-Intervention}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15521}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {336 Seiten}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Emotionen spielen eine wesentliche Rolle f{\"u}r Motivation, Leistung und erfolgreiches Lernen (vgl. z.B. Pekrun et al., 2002; Pekrun \& Perry, 2014). Forschungsergebnisse zeigen jedoch, dass positive Emotionen wie Lernfreude im Bildungsverlauf tendenziell abnehmen, w{\"a}hrend negative Emotionen wie Angst oder Langeweile zunehmend auftreten (Vierhaus et al., 2016). Trotz verschiedener theoretischer Ans{\"a}tze zur Emotionsregulation und Emotionsintervention steckt die empirische Forschung in diesem Bereich noch in den Anf{\"a}ngen. Bestehende Interventionen konzentrieren sich haupts{\"a}chlich auf Pr{\"u}fungsangst und stehen h{\"a}ufig vor Herausforderungen hinsichtlich ihrer nachhaltigen Wirksamkeit (z.B. Hagenauer, Klaß \& Gl{\"a}ser-Zikuda, 2016) sowie ihrer praktischen Implementierbarkeit (z.B. Brandenberger, Hagenauer \& Hascher, 2018). Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Effekte einer Utility-Value-Intervention auf das situative, aufgabenbezogene emotionale Erleben von Studierenden. Da Value-Interventionen (z.B. Harackiewicz et al., 2014) auf eine Verbesserung der subjektiven Kontroll- und Wert-Einsch{\"a}tzungen von Leistungsaktivit{\"a}ten durch wertinduktive Prompts abzielen, wurde auf Grundlage der Kontroll-Wert-Theorie (Pekrun, 2000, 2006) angenommen, dass sich diese Intervention {\"u}ber die Modulation von Kontroll- und Wert-Appraisals positiv auf die Entstehung von Leistungsemotionen auswirkt. Im Rahmen eines experimentellen Within-Subjects-Designs erhielten 312 Lehramtsstudierende aus zwei Online-Seminaren („Leistungsemotionen" und „Klassenf{\"u}hrung") {\"u}ber den Verlauf eines Semesters jeweils drei Utility-Value-Treatments. Die Intervention umfasste sowohl direkte als auch indirekte Prompts: Erstere stellten mittels Advance Organizers die Relevanz der in der Lernaufgabe gef{\"o}rderten Kompetenzen explizit heraus, w{\"a}hrend Letztere in relevanzinduzierende Aufgaben eingebettet waren. In diesen Aufgaben entwickelten die Studierenden durch die Evaluation von Zitaten eigenst{\"a}ndige Relevanzargumente (vgl. Gaspard et al., 2017). Zur Erfassung situativer Emotionen sowie von Valenz- und Kontrollkognitionen wurden Frageb{\"o}gen sowohl zu Treatment- als auch zu Non-Treatment-Messzeitpunkten eingesetzt. Die Ergebnisse einer Conditional Process Analysis mit Mehrebenendaten (Hayes, 2018) offenbarten zeitabh{\"a}ngige Effekte: In der Substichprobe „Klassenf{\"u}hrung" wirkte sich das Treatment zu Beginn des Semesters zun{\"a}chst negativ auf das emotionale Erleben aus, w{\"a}hrend es gegen Semesterende eine positive Wirkung entfaltete. In der Substichprobe „Leistungsemotionen" zeigte sich hingegen ein gegens{\"a}tzliches Muster. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus variierte der Mediationsprozess: W{\"a}hrend in der Substichprobe „Klassenf{\"u}hrung" prim{\"a}r Valenzkognitionen zur Vermittlung der Effekte beitrugen, wurde in der Substichprobe „Leistungsemotionen" eine Mediation {\"u}ber Kontrollkognitionen beobachtet. Die Befunde verdeutlichen die Relevanz kontextueller Faktoren f{\"u}r die Wirksamkeit einer Utility-Value-Intervention zur F{\"o}rderung des situativen emotionalen Erlebens und liefern wertvolle Impulse f{\"u}r die Weiterentwicklung zielgerichteter Interventionsstrategien.}, subject = {Emotion}, language = {de} } @book{OPUS4-1606, title = {La litt{\´e}rature migratoire au f{\´e}minin {\`a} l'interface entre l'«Orient» et l'«Occident»}, volume = {2025}, editor = {Hertrampf, Marina Ortrud M. and Xie, Xiaomeng}, publisher = {Akademische Verlagsgemeinschaft M{\"u}nchen}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-96091-646-8}, doi = {10.23780/9783960916468}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2502181236153.867738041428}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {307 Seiten}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Ce volume collectif se questionne comment les contacts et les conflits entre l'« Orient » et l'« Occident » se refl{\`e}tent dans les textes narratifs des femmes {\´e}crivains. Les contributrices examinent dans quelle mesure le fait d'{\^e}tre une femme donne lieu {\`a} diff{\´e}rentes perceptions de soi et de l'autre, et dans quelle mesure les formes internes et externes d'orientalisme jouent un r{\^o}le {\`a} cet {\´e}gard. Elles explorent dans quelle mesure les images de soi et de l'autre, les images orientales et occidentales des femmes et des r{\^o}les st{\´e}r{\´e}otyp{\´e}s du genre entrent en contact ou en conflit dans ces textes, et quelles cons{\´e}quences cela a sur l'identit{\´e} des femmes dans l'entre-deux entre la culture d'origine et la culture d'accueil. Dans un post-orientalisme, si les probl{\´e}matiques culturelles, linguistiques, religieuses et id{\´e}ologiques sont au centre de nos pr{\´e}occupations, les autrices accordent {\´e}galement une attention particuli{\`e}re {\`a} la mani{\`e}re dont les femmes {\´e}crivains {\´e}tudi{\´e}es, elles-m{\^e}mes voyageuses et migrantes, transcendent la critique du colonialisme traditionnel, r{\´e}cr{\´e}ent et font comprendre un Orient dont l'image et la signification se renouvelle et se rafra{\^i}chit constamment.}, subject = {Migrationsliteratur}, language = {fr} } @book{Huebenthal2023, author = {Huebenthal, Sandra}, title = {Memory theory in New Testament studies : exploring new perspectives}, publisher = {Brill Sch{\"o}ningh}, address = {Paderborn}, isbn = {978-3-657-79081-4}, doi = {10.30965/9783657790814}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14102}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {IX, 315 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This book collects ten of Sandra Huebenthal's most important contributions to the application of Social Memory Theory in Biblical studies. The volume consists of four parts, each devoted to a particular field of research. Part one addresses the general impact of Social Memory Theory for the New Testament. The second part analyzes how Social Memory Theory adds to exploring the phenomenon of (biblical) intertextuality as a strategy for negotiating Early Christian identity and the third part investigates how New Testament pseudepigraphy provides a different approach for understanding the negotiation and formation of Christian identities. Finally, part four provides an outlook how the hermeneutical approach can enhance Patristic research. The ten essays originate from discussions about Social Memory Theory and the New Testament at international conferences, three of them are translations of German contributions, while two are published for the first time in this volume. (Verlagsbeschreibung)}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{FuchsAuer2019, author = {Fuchs-Auer, Elisabeth}, title = {Bilingualer Unterricht: Anders als gedacht. Religion verstehen durch fremde Sprache}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-9904}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {307 Seiten}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Bilingualer Sachfachunterricht gilt wohl als eine der bedeutsamsten Ver{\"a}nderungen im deutschen Schulsystem. Vor allem weiterf{\"u}hrende Schulen wie Gymnasien und Realschulen nutzen diese didaktischen Neuerungen zur Weiterentwicklung ihres Schulprofils sowie zur sprachlichen und kognitiven F{\"o}rderung ihrer Sch{\"u}lerschaft. Aber auch an der Mittelschule insbesondere im M-Zug, kann diese Form des Unterrichts durchaus einen Mehrwert bieten. Mit dieser Arbeit soll die didaktische Wirksamkeit des bilingualen Religionsunterrichts wissenschaftlich erforscht und weiterentwickelt werden. Mittels der praktischen Umsetzung religionsp{\"a}dagogischer und religionsdidaktischer sowie bilingualer Theorien, soll ein Prototyp des bilingualen Religionsunterrichts geschaffen werden, welcher die Fremdsprache Religion zu entschl{\"u}sseln vermag. In der iterativen Durchf{\"u}hrung bilingualer Religionsunterrichtseinheiten gilt es sodann herauszufinden, inwieweit der Einsatz einer fremden Sprache die M{\"o}glichkeit einer kognitiven Durchdringung und Erschließung von Glaubenswissen bieten kann. Zielf{\"u}hrend dabei ist jedoch nicht die Erstellung einer empirischen Studie. Vielmehr soll die vorliegende Feldstudie dazu dienen, Hypothesen und Theorien aufzustellen, die dann in einem n{\"a}chsten Schritt einer empirischen {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung unterzogen werden k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @article{Henkel2023, author = {Henkel, Anna}, title = {Nachhaltige Digitalisierung. Gesellschaftliche Transformation, autonome Materialit{\"a}t und der Fall des Digital Farming}, series = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie}, volume = {33}, journal = {Berliner Journal f{\"u}r Soziologie}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s11609-023-00500-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2024010810053745746335}, pages = {289 -- 318}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Nachhaltigkeit und Digitalisierung sind zwei Tendenzen gesellschaftlichen Wandels, die in verschiedene Richtungen weisen. Nachhaltigkeit wird als angestrebte, jedoch im Ergebnis unzureichend bleibende Ver{\"a}nderung gesehen, w{\"a}hrend Digitalisierung - erw{\"u}nscht oder auch nicht - schlicht erfolgt. Diese Diskrepanz zu untersuchen, ist eine Herausforderung auch f{\"u}r die soziologische Theorie. Nachdem Nachhaltigkeit und Digitalisierung bislang meist unabh{\"a}ngig voneinander in den Blick genommen wurden, erlaubt eine materialit{\"a}tstheoretisch erweiterte Gesellschaftstheorie ein soziologisches Zusammendenken und eine Erkl{\"a}rung f{\"u}r die Unterschiedlichkeit der Dynamiken gesellschaftlichen Wandels: In der spezifischen, n{\"a}mlich autonomen Materialit{\"a}t der modernen Gesellschaft ist Digitalisierung bereits angelegt, w{\"a}hrend eine nachhaltige Entwicklung eine Transformation dieser Materialit{\"a}t selbst erfordert. Am Fallbeispiel des Digital Farming wird diese These n{\"a}her ausgef{\"u}hrt. Den Abschluss des Beitrags bilden {\"U}berlegungen zu Herausforderungen, Bedingungen und M{\"o}glichkeiten einer nachhaltigen Digitalisierung.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Stumpf2024, author = {Stumpf, Peter Frederik}, title = {Partial Representation Extension and Simultaneous Representation of Intersection Graphs}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15201}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {IX, 208 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Many real world problems can be modeled with geometric intersection graphs. A (geometric) intersection representation of a graph G=(V,E) is a family {R_v}_{v\in V} of geometric objects such that two geometric objects R_u, R_v intersect if and only if the corresponding vertices u, v are adjacent in G. The most prominent class of intersection graphs are interval graphs, which have representations consisting only of intervals on the real line. Interval graphs have applications in genetics, scheduling, archaeology and many more fields. The recognition problem asks the question whether a given graph belongs to a certain graph class. Two natural generalizations of the recognition problem are the partial representation extension problem and the simultaneous representation problem. In the partial representation extension problem one is given a graph G and a partial representation, i.e., a representation of a subgraph of G. The question then is whether the partial representation can be extended to the whole graph G without changing the given partial representation. In the simultaneous representation problem one is given multiple graphs G_1,...,G_k that can have shared parts, and the question is whether there are representations of all input graphs such that shared vertices are represented by the same geometric objects. Often the sunflower case is considered, where the shared part of any two input graphs is the same. We determine the complexity of the partial representation extension problem and the simultaneous representation problem, especially in the sunflower case for various intersection graph classes. We also improve the running time for various intersection graph classes. In particular, we show that the partial representation extension problem for circular-arc graphs is NP-complete and that the simultaneous representation problem for interval graphs can be solved in linear time in the sunflower case, answering open questions from 2014 and 2010.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Grabl2024, author = {Grabl, Susanne}, title = {How Technological Advancements and Digitalization Impact Both Organizational Behavior and Work Structures}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15149}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {IV, 153 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Organizations are in a constant state of flux, making transformations an inevitable aspect of their evolution and adaptation (By, 2005; Kotter, 1995). Transformations in organizations take many forms. These include sustainability transformations intended to make organizations more sustainable and fit for the future (Bansal, 2005; Corbett \& Mellouli, 2017; Kim et al., 2017; Robertson \& Barling, 2013). Additionally, transformations can affect day-to-day work and impact working practices (Orlikowski, 2002; Watson-Manheim et al., 2002, 2012). On the one hand, this enables more flexible working conditions through the introduction of hybrid work, for instance (Halford, 2005). On the other hand, new digital transformations, such as platform work (Deng et al., 2016; Deng \& Joshi, 2016; Kittur et al., 2013; Kost et al., 2018), allow organizations to outsource work. Platform work allows users to work completely flexibly and organize their working day according to their needs (Deng et al., 2016; Deng \& Joshi, 2016; Kost et al., 2018). A distinction can be made between different types of platforms. There are platforms that require physical labor, such as Uber (Duggan et al., 2020; M{\"o}hlmann et al., 2021), where transportation trips can be booked, or DoorDash, where food is delivered (Griesbach et al., 2019). Furthermore, there are entirely virtual online platforms. These include freelancing platforms such as Topcoder or Upwork, where workers advertise their profiles for jobs such as web design (Howcroft \& Bergvall-K{\aa}reborn, 2019; Shafiei Gol et al., 2019; Taylor \& Joshi, 2019). They are evaluated by their clients and paid according to their work performance. There is also another type of platform with very low entry barriers: micro-task crowdsourcing platforms (Bush \& Balven, 2021; Deng et al., 2016; Deng \& Joshi, 2016; Wong et al., 2020). Here, people can perform currently posted tasks without prior application and receive a small remuneration (Deng et al., 2016). Digital transformations in the workplace change work processes and practices in the long term (Carroll et al., 2023). For instance, the introduction of hybrid work allows employees to divide their working time between the office and remote locations (Halford, 2005). Studies have shown that this shift has not negatively impacted employee performance, but has actually improved it (Abdullah et al., 2020; Mann \& Holdsworth, 2003; Wessel et al., 2021). Thanks to the gain in flexibility, employees are at least as productive as in mere office work. However, this can also have negative effects, for example on the training of new employees or on maintaining social contacts among colleagues (Hafermalz \& Riemer, 2020; Weritz et al., 2022). Another transformation changing organizations, particularly day-to-day work, is the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) (Strich et al., 2021). AI encompasses a range of technologies that aim to mimic human cognitive processes or learn independently to solve problems (Asatiani, Malo, et al., 2021; Benbya et al., 2021; Berente et al., 2021). AI differs from previous technologies in terms of its self-learning nature, its (partial) autonomy in decision-making, and its opacity (Asatiani, Malo, et al., 2021; Barredo Arrieta et al., 2020). A special type of AI in use is generative AI (GAI). GAI is a model capable of creating apparently new content such as texts, codes, images, etc. (Brynjolfsson et al., 2023; Susarla et al., 2023). GAI applications like ChatGPT and Bard have quickly gained a large user base due to their easy accessibility, applicability, and versatility (Alavi et al., 2024; Kowalczyk et al., 2023). In addition to private use, GAI is utilized in various work processes across different professions (Benbya et al., 2024; Brynjolfsson et al., 2023), benefiting employees and organizations by improving the quality and efficiency of work (Brynjolfsson et al., 2023; Jia et al., 2024). In my dissertation, I explore these various types of transformation. Thereby, I contribute to a dynamic field and demonstrate how transformations in organizations can have a lasting impact on work processes. I have approached this multifaceted topic in a total of four studies.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{GhoshDastidar2025, author = {Ghosh Dastidar, Kanishka}, title = {Using Context for Credit Card Fraud Detection}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-15561}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {147 Seiten}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Online payment fraud is one of the biggest challenges accompanying the ubiquitous adoption of digital payment methods. The academic literature shows that providing data-driven models with additional context of a transaction results in significant improvements in fraud detection performance. However, the methods used to generate suitable context representations often rely on human expert knowledge, which is expensive and suffers from several limitations. In this thesis, we propose different methods to automate this process by learning these context representations end-to-end on the fraud detection objective. Each of these methods is evaluated on millions of real-world transactions from Worldline, our industrial partner. Central to this thesis is our proposal of the Neural Aggregate Generator (NAG), a neural network that learns context representations automatically. The architecture of the NAG is designed to resemble the structure of expert feature aggregates, while also addressing their limitations. Our evaluation of the NAG reveals that it outperforms both approaches that use expert aggregates and other end-to-end methods across several months of testing. A thorough evaluation shows that the NAG improves over other approaches on several key factors including model size and robustness to shorter sequences. We propose several extensions to the NAG with the dual motive of improved alignment with expert aggregates and improved expressiveness. Our evaluation of these extensions shows comparable performance to the NAG with ancillary benefits in terms of prospective interpretability and model size. We also introduce the novel paradigm of using \lq future' transactions as context. Our analysis of real-world data from Worldline shows that verification of transactions are often delayed by several days and that within this delay there are often several transactions booked on the card which can be used as additional context. We show that this future context improves the performance of sequence models. Moreover, we also show that a balance between past and future context yields the best results and that using future context allows the use of shorter sequences overall. Beyond context-based fraud detection, we also provide an initial proposal of generating synthetic credit card data using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), showing that a Wasserstein GAN can be used to generated synthetic data similar to a popular publicly available credit card fraud dataset. We also describe several possible directions for future work including the incorporation of a adapted self-attention mechanism to the NAG and the use of transformers for synthetic data generation.}, language = {en} }