@phdthesis{Rueprich2017, author = {R{\"u}prich, Claudia}, title = {Ziele und Handlungen von Lehrkr{\"a}ften - Eine Untersuchung zu Lehrerzielen, ihrer Struktur und den Zusammenh{\"a}ngen zu subjektivem Wohlbefinden, Unterrichtsqualit{\"a}t und der wahrgenommenen Wirksamkeit von Unterrichtsmethoden}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-5446}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {VI, 204 Seiten}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Lehrkr{\"a}fte verfolgen in ihrem Beruf eine Vielzahl inhaltlich unterscheidbarer Ziele, wobei bislang nur sehr wenige Arbeiten vorliegen, die diese systematisch erfassen und klassifizieren. Um das Zielstreben der Lehrkr{\"a}fte differenziert zu messen und dar{\"u}ber hinaus zu {\"u}berpr{\"u}fen, wie unterschiedliche inhaltliche Zielauspr{\"a}gungen mit dem Erleben und Verhalten der Lehrkr{\"a}fte in Zusammenhang stehen, wurden drei empirische Studien durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die erste Studie verdeutlicht die Entwicklung eines quantitativen Messinstruments, das es in Anlehnung an die qualitative Arbeit von Hagger und Malmberg (2011) erlaubt, insgesamt 13 verschiedene Ziel-Inhaltskategorien mit jeweils vier Items zu erfassen. Die Testung an 132 Lehramtsstudierenden sowie 227 im Beruf stehenden Lehrkr{\"a}ften zeigt erste Evidenzen f{\"u}r die psychometrische Qualit{\"a}t dieses Instruments. Es lassen sich drei Faktoren h{\"o}herer Ordnung finden, die als sozio-emotionaler, aufgabenbezogener und selbstbezogener Faktor interpretiert werden k{\"o}nnen. Ferner zeigen sich positive Korrelationen zur Lehrerselbstwirksamkeit, dem Selbstwert und Lebenszufriedenheit, negative zur emotionalen Ersch{\"o}pfung. Die zweite empirische Arbeit verdeutlicht in Form einer Beobachtungsstudie an 34 Unterrichtsklassen die besondere Bedeutung der Ziele f{\"u}r das Verhalten der Lehrkr{\"a}fte. So l{\"a}sst sich feststellen, dass insbesondere die von Lehrkr{\"a}ften berichteten sozio-emotionalen Ziele signifikant mit den fremdeingesch{\"a}tzten Unterrichtsqualit{\"a}tsmerkmalen der Klassenf{\"u}hrung und des lernf{\"o}rderlichen Klimas im positiven Zusammenhang stehen. In der dritten Studie mit 188 Lehramtsstudierenden, 85 Referendaren sowie 117 Lehrkr{\"a}ften l{\"a}sst sich nachweisen, dass die Ziele auch mit den Einsch{\"a}tzungen {\"u}ber die Wirksamkeit verschiedener Unterrichtsmethoden in Zusammenhang stehen. So zeigt sich mittels eines clusteranalytischen Vorgehens, dass vor allem diejenigen Cluster der Lehrkr{\"a}fte, die durch ein Muster von stark ausgepr{\"a}gten sozio-emotionalen Zielen charakterisiert sind, zu einer ausgepr{\"a}gt positiven Wirksamkeitseinsch{\"a}tzung sch{\"u}lergeleiteter Unterrichtsmethoden wie entdeckendem oder kooperativem Lernen tendieren, und vor allem diejenigen Cluster der Lehrkr{\"a}fte, die durch ein Muster von stark ausgepr{\"a}gten aufgabenbezogenen Zielen charakterisiert sind, zu einer positiven Wirksamkeitseinsch{\"a}tzung lehrergeleiteter Unterrichtsmethoden wie regelm{\"a}ßigen Hausaufgaben oder der direktiven Instruktion tendieren. Die Ergebnisse werden sowohl hinsichtlich der M{\"o}glichkeiten und Limitationen der Fragebogenentwicklung sowie der Bedeutung der Ziele f{\"u}r das Erleben und das Unterrichtsverhalten kritisch diskutiert.}, subject = {Lehrerpers{\"o}nlichkeit}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{LoperaGonzalez2018, author = {Lopera Gonzalez, Luis Ignacio}, title = {Mining Functional and Structural Relationships of Context Variables in Smart-Buildings}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-5737}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {viii, 99 Seiten}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of computational services, devices, and people, which share information with each other. In IoT, inter-system communication is possible and human interaction is not required. IoT devices are penetrating the home and office building environments. According to current estimates, about 35 billion IoT devices will be connected by the year 20212. In the IoT business model, value comes from integrating devices into applications, e.g., home and office automation. In general, an IoT application associates different information sources with actions which can modify the environment, e.g., change the room's temperature, inform a person, e.g., send an e-mail, or activate other services, e.g., buy milk on-line. In this thesis, we focus on the commissioning and verification processes of IoT devices used in building automation applications. Within a building's lifespan, new devices are added, interior spaces are refurbished, and faulty devices are replaced. All of these changes are currently made manually. Furthermore, consider that a context-aware Building Management System (BMS) is an IoT application, which measures direct-context from the building's sensors to characterize environmental conditions, user locations, and state. Additionally, a BMS combines sensor information to derive inferred-context, such as user activity. Similar to IoT devices, inferred-context instances have to be created manually. As the number of devices and inferred-context instances increases, keeping track of all associations becomes a time-consuming and error-prone task. The hypothesis of the thesis is that users who interact with the building create use-patterns in the data, which describe functional relations between devices and inferred-context instances, e.g., which desk-movement sensor is used to infer desk-presence and controls which overhead light; additionally, use-patterns can also provide structural relations, e.g., the relative position of spatial sensors. To test the hypothesis, this thesis presents an extension to the new IoT class rule programming paradigm, which simplifies rule creation based on classes. The proposed extension uses a semantic compiler to simplify the device and inferred-context associations. Using direct-context information and template classes, the compiler creates all possible inferredcontext instances. Buildings using context-aware BMSs will have a dynamic response to user behaviour, e.g., required illumination for computer-work is provided by adjusting blinds or increasing the dim setting of overhead ceiling lamps. We propose a rule mining framework to extract use-patterns and find the functional and structural relationships between devices. The rule mining framework uses three stages: (1) event extraction, (2) rule mining, (3) structure creation. The event extraction combines the building's data into a time-series of device events. Then, in the rule mining stage, rules are mined from the time series, where we use the established algorithm temporal interval tree association rule learner. Additionally, we proposed a rule extraction algorithm for spatial sensor's data. The algorithm is based on statistical analysis of user transition times between adjacent sensors. We also introduce a new rule extraction algorithm based on increasing belief. In the last stage, structure creation uses the extracted rules to produce device association groups, hierarchical representation of the building, or the relative location of spatial sensors. The proposed algorithms were tested using a year-long installation in a living-lab consisting of a four-person office, a 12-person open office, and a meeting room. For the spatial sensors, four locations within public buildings were used: a meeting room, a hallway, T-crossing, and a foyer. The recording times range from two weeks to two months depending on scenario complexity. We found that user-generated patterns appear in building data. The rule mining framework produced structures that represent functional and spatial relationships of building's devices and provide sufficient information to automate maintenance tasks, e.g., automatic device naming. Furthermore, we found that environmental changes are also a source of device data patterns, which provide additional associations. For example, using the framework we found the fa{\c{c}}ade group for exterior light sensors. The fa{\c{c}}ade group can be used to automatically find an alternative signal source to replace broken outdoor light sensors. Finally, the rule mining framework successfully retrieved the relative location of spatial sensors in all locations but the foyer.}, subject = {Internet der Dinge}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hess2018, author = {Heß, Nicole Jasmin}, title = {Three Essays on New Challenges and Opportunities for Marketing in an Evolving Technological Environment}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-5395}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XIX, 191 Seiten}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Ongoing advancements in technology have significantly shaped the marketing landscape over the course of the last decades. Consequently, new technology-driven opportunities and challenges for marketing research and practice emerge. Those urge the need to redefine firm-based value propositions, to adapt business models, to place significant emphasis on topics such as innovation, design and strategy, but also to develop new knowledge and skill sets. In response to those changes, this dissertation addresses two major developments and related opportunities and challenges - namely, digitized retail environments and innovative, complex business models - in three different essays. Thereby, this dissertation contributes to a better understanding of the evolving relationship between marketing and technology. Essay 1 and Essay 2 address the increasing digitization of physical retail environments. Retailers embrace a plethora of retail technologies to facilitate activities and processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to consumers and to consequently improving physical retail stores. Essay 1 provides an integrated literature review on digital retail technologies' impact on consumer behavior at physical retail stores. Thereby, Essay 1 adopts a shopping cycle based framework structured around distinct phases of consumer behavior to delineate and summarize findings from existing literature on the behavioral effects of retail technologies embraced by retailers. With the applied shopping cycle based framework, Essay 1 identifies specific gaps in extant literature relative to currently embraced practices of retail technology, but furthermore on emerging trends, which have the potential to reshape the retailing environment. Subsequently, an extensive research agenda is proposed to advance the next generation of knowledge development. With its integrated literature review and research agenda, Essay 1 contributes to research in the retail area, such as research on customer experience, shopper marketing and specifically on the role of technology in retailing. Essay 2 analyzes consumers' response to one particular innovative retail technology and thus replies to future questions of the research agenda developed in Essay 1. Essay 2 analyzes the perceptions and consequences of attribute-based personalized advertising in physical retail stores, where other people are present and can see the personalized content. Essay 2 shows when and how social presence of others impacts consumers' attitudes and behavioral intentions, as well as emotions, when exposed to personalized advertising. The findings of two experimental studies provide evidence, that the presence of others does not influence consumer response per se, but it interacts with personalization. Further, the results show that consumers' negative response to personalized ads in the social presence of others is mediated by embarrassment and moderated by consumers' congruity state (the extent to which the ad is consistent with the consumer's self-concept). These findings offer new theoretical insights into how consumers respond to personalized advertising in the social presence of others, and thus advance marketing research on personalized advertising, digital displays, shopper marketing as well as research on customer experience. Further, the results disclose meaningful managerial implications for the application of new consumer tracking technology. Essay 3 addresses opportunities and challenges related to innovative, complex business models resulting from technological advancements. With customer orientation in free e-services, Essay 3 analyzes a strategically highly relevant phenomenon, which thus far has been neglected by prior research. Free e-services are characterized by the superiority of free costumers and interdependencies between free and paying customers. Essay 3 investigates how free e-service providers respond to those particularities in their customer orientation activities. Results from one qualitative and one quantitative study uncover, that only free-born providers, that from the outset strategically committed themselves to the free business model, possess customer orientation capabilities that match the particularities of free e-services. They use customer orientation toward one customer group to increase the satisfaction of the other simultaneously and, thus, are reaching their financial goals. Contrastively, laggards, that started with a non-free business model before launching their free e-service, do not exploit the full potential of customer orientation, as they focus too much on the paying customer group. These findings offer new theoretical insights for research on customer orientation, research on two-sided markets as well as on stakeholder marketing. Moreover, Essay 3 provides valuable and actionable insights for managers of free e-services. Taking a broader perspective, this dissertation advances marketing knowledge on technological innovation, new types of consumer data, strategy shifts, as well as new firm capabilities and managerial skill sets required in an age of disruption within the virtual, but also the physical world. By using a variety of methods including conceptual work, experiments, qualitative interviews as well as survey research, and furthermore by ensuring high practical relevance, this dissertation adds important perspectives to the evolving relationship between marketing and technology.}, subject = {Marketing}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Huber2017, author = {Huber, Sandra}, title = {The role of polls for election forecasting in German state elections}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-5552}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {VII, 172}, year = {2017}, abstract = {German state elections are in focus of this work due to the decreasing importance of the "catch all parties" and rise of the AfD in 2013. As small parties like the AfD first reached the 5\% threshold in state parliaments (e.g. in the Saxony state election 2014), state elections can be used as barometer elections for the national ones. Further, state elections fill the gap between the 4-year national election cycle and provide additional information for the national election. The aim of this thesis is to forecast state elections based on polling data from different institutes. Despite occurring errors in polls like measurement or sampling errors - which are also discussed in this work - forecasting is made with aggregate models depending on short term polling data. Irregular polling data have to be customized to generate daily data to apply parametric regression based models. To forecast single vote shares in multi-party elections, the range of methods varies from basic methods like averaging over nonparametric regression based methods to dynamic linear models.}, subject = {Deutschland}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{MotzigkeitGonzalez2018, author = {Motzigkeit Gonzalez, Rita Andrea}, title = {Three essays on the welfare and social impacts of external shocks and public policies in Mexico}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-5470}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {x, 116 Seiten}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In this thesis I examine the welfare and social consequences associated with one economic shock and two policy interventions in Mexico. I use non-experimental approaches that exploit increased data availability as well as in-depth knowledge of the institutional background and show how germane extensions in the methodology shed light on previously unaccounted consequences and help better identify affected households. In particular, I quantify the role of quantity substitution effects in the alleviation of welfare, I estimate the effect of quality substitution on the efficiency of a taxation policy, and I document the possible consequences of an aggressive policy intervention on organized and property crime.}, subject = {Gemeinwohl}, language = {en} } @techreport{GamerithMaier2017, author = {Gamerith, Werner and Maier, Janine}, title = {Einzelhandelskonzept f{\"u}r Simbach am Inn}, organization = {Professur f{\"u}r Regionale Geographie}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-5263}, pages = {IV, 56, 47 Seiten}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Noch viele Jahre oder gar Jahrzehnte wird man in Simbach am Inn von der Zeit vor dem 1. Juni 2016 und der Zeit danach sprechen. Niemand h{\"a}tte dem vergleichsweise unauff{\"a}lligen Simbach jene Urgewalten zugetraut, die an diesem Fr{\"u}hsommertag {\"u}ber die niederbayerische Stadt hereinbrachen. Wenn von {\"U}berschwemmungsgefahr ausgegangen werden musste, dann vom m{\"a}chtigen Inn, den Simbach auch im Namen f{\"u}hrt. Mit der Flutkatastrophe und den sieben Toten in der Region verbindet sich nicht nur großes menschliches Leid, sondern auch ein beispielloses Maß an materieller Verw{\"u}stung, die der Simbach wie eine Schneise durch Simbach gezogen hat. Neben zahlreichen Wohngeb{\"a}uden erlitten auch Teile der Innenstadt mit Gesch{\"a}ftslokalen enormen Schaden. Im Zuge des Wiederaufbaus bieten sich auch st{\"a}dtebauliche Chancen f{\"u}r die gesamte Innenstadt. Es geht nicht nur um die Wiederherstellung der Bausubstanz, sondern auch um eine sinnvolle (Wieder-)Belebung der betroffenen Straßenz{\"u}ge. Gr{\"u}nraumplanung, Verkehrsgestaltung und Einzelhandelsplanung bilden drei Felder einer neuen st{\"a}dtebaulichen Gesamtarchitektur, aus der der vorliegende Abschlussbericht die Ergebnisse des Teilprojekts „Wirtschaftsgeographie" zusammenfasst. Nach einem {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber bereits erfolgte Studien zum Einzelhandel in Simbach sowie zu Standortfragen in der „Verdichtungsregion" Braunau-Simbach werden einerseits die R{\"u}ckmeldungen w{\"a}hrend des B{\"u}rgerworkshops systematisch referiert und andererseits die Ergebnisse der Befragungen unter 27 Einzelh{\"a}ndlern im von der Flut direkt oder indirekt betroffenen Gesch{\"a}ftsgebiet geschildert. Handlungsempfehlungen zur St{\"a}rkung des Gesch{\"a}ftsstandorts der Simbacher Innenstadt, mit besonderem Blick auf die Innstraße, die Maximilianstraße und den Kirchenplatz, schließen diesen Projektbericht ab.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Pertschy2013, author = {Pertschy, Verena Angela}, title = {Gem{\"a}ldetechnologische Studien zum Oeuvre von Rueland Frueauf dem {\"A}lteren und Rueland Frueauf dem J{\"u}ngeren basierend auf Infrarot- und R{\"o}ntgenuntersuchungen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-4735}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Rueland Frueauf der {\"A}ltere und sein gleichnamiger Sohn Rueland Frueauf der J{\"u}ngere geh{\"o}rten um 1500 in Passau und Salzburg zu den bedeutendsten Malern ihrer Zeit. Obwohl sich nur wenige signierte Bilder erhalten haben, werden beiden K{\"u}nstlern und ihrem Umkreis {\"u}ber hundert Tafeln zugeordnet, was den großen k{\"u}nstlerischen Einfluss ihrer Werkstatt belegt. Die geringen Informationen, der kleine Bestand an gesicherten Tafeln und die Vielzahl an Zuschreibungen erschwerten bislang eine Beurteilung und Abgrenzung ihrer Werke. In der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit konnte erstmalig durch umfassende gem{\"a}ldetechnologische Untersuchungen aller signierten Gem{\"a}lde und ausgew{\"a}hlter Zuschreibungen eine neue interdisziplin{\"a}re Bearbeitung und Bewertung ihres Oeuvres vorgenommen werden. In den technologischen Befunden werden Genese und Geschichte der Frueauf-Tafeln wieder sichtbar. Dabei wird es m{\"o}glich mit infraroten Strahlen unter die Malschichten der Gem{\"a}lde und mithilfe von R{\"o}ntgenstrahlen durch alle Bildschichten zu sehen. Der heutige Betrachter kann nun in den technologischen Aufnahmen die Arbeitsschritte der K{\"u}nstler nachverfolgen. So erlauben ihm Infrarotreflektographien erstmals einen Blick auf die Zeichnungen der K{\"u}nstler, die unter der Malerei verborgen sind. Damit er{\"o}ffnet sich auch die außergew{\"o}hnliche Gelegenheit zwischen der urspr{\"u}nglichen Bildidee und der sp{\"a}teren Ausf{\"u}hrung zu vergleichen. Man kann beobachten, welche {\"A}nderungen der K{\"u}nstler als Verbesserung erachtete und welche geplanten Bildelemente nicht mehr umgesetzt oder {\"u}bermalt wurden. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus erm{\"o}glichen {\"U}bereinstimmungen oder Abweichungen in den Befunden Feststellungen zur Zusammengeh{\"o}rigkeit einzelner Tafeln, zu Zu- oder Abschreibungen von Kunstwerken, zur Eigenh{\"a}ndigkeit durch den K{\"u}nstler selbst oder zur Beteiligung von Werkstattmitarbeitern. Durch die gem{\"a}ldetechnologischen Untersuchungen des Frueauf-Oeuvres lassen sich somit wichtige neue Erkenntnisse zur Entstehung ihrer Bilder, zur Maltechnik, zur k{\"u}nstlerischen Handschrift, zum Herstellungsprozess, zum Erhaltungszustand wie auch zu ihrer urspr{\"u}nglichen Funktion und zur sp{\"a}teren Nutzungs- und Restaurierungsgeschichte gewinnen.}, subject = {Kunst}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Zwicklbauer2017, author = {Zwicklbauer, Stefan}, title = {Robust Entity Linking in Heterogeneous Domains}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-5047}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {iv, 191 Seiten}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Entity Linking is the task of mapping terms in arbitrary documents to entities in a knowledge base by identifying the correct semantic meaning. It is applied in the extraction of structured data in RDF (Resource Description Framework) from textual documents, but equally so in facilitating artificial intelligence applications, such as Semantic Search, Reasoning and Question and Answering. Most existing Entity Linking systems were optimized for specific domains (e.g., general domain, biomedical domain), knowledge base types (e.g., DBpedia, Wikipedia), or document structures (e.g., tables) and types (e.g., news articles, tweets). This led to very specialized systems that lack robustness and are only applicable for very specific tasks. In this regard, this work focuses on the research and development of a robust Entity Linking system in terms of domains, knowledge base types, and document structures and types. To create a robust Entity Linking system, we first analyze the following three crucial components of an Entity Linking algorithm in terms of robustness criteria: (i) the underlying knowledge base, (ii) the entity relatedness measure, and (iii) the textual context matching technique. Based on the analyzed components, our scientific contributions are three-fold. First, we show that a federated approach leveraging knowledge from various knowledge base types can significantly improve robustness in Entity Linking systems. Second, we propose a new state-of-the-art, robust entity relatedness measure for topical coherence computation based on semantic entity embeddings. Third, we present the neural-network-based approach Doc2Vec as a textual context matching technique for robust Entity Linking. Based on our previous findings and outcomes, our main contribution in this work is DoSeR (Disambiguation of Semantic Resources). DoSeR is a robust, knowledge-base-agnostic Entity Linking framework that extracts relevant entity information from multiple knowledge bases in a fully automatic way. The integrated algorithm represents a collective, graph-based approach that utilizes semantic entity and document embeddings for entity relatedness and textual context matching computation. Our evaluation shows, that DoSeR achieves state-of-the-art results over a wide range of different document structures (e.g., tables), document types (e.g., news documents) and domains (e.g., general domain, biomedical domain). In this context, DoSeR outperforms all other (publicly available) Entity Linking algorithms on most data sets.}, subject = {Linked Data}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Roy2017, author = {Roy, Nobina}, title = {Four essays on the entanglement of career choices and gender in the information and communication technology industry}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-4772}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {IV, 217 S.}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In the first article, I will focus on the career choice itself and identify core components that a career choice regarding the ICT-industry is comprised of. In the second article, the thesis focuses on the Indian ICT-industry. The Indian ICT-industry consists of a comparably high percentage of female employees, namely 35\% at the entry-level, but at the same time struggles with high attrition rates at higher levels. Therefore, the Indian ICT-industry serves as a best practice example for attracting women to the ICT-industry, and simultaneously assists us in under-standing the reasons why they tend not to stay. In the third article, the thesis focuses on the stability of career choices by analyzing the short- and long-term persistence of females and males in computing disciplines. In the fourth article, the thesis analyzes the motivation structure of people that plan to enter the ICT-industry. This is to identify what kinds of people are attracted to the ICT-industry and to reveal differences in their vocational behavior.}, subject = {Informationstechnik}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schinkinger2016, author = {Schinkinger, Sebastian}, title = {XML-Kompression und optische Codierung f{\"u}r den Transfer von Gesch{\"a}ftsdokumenten}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-4266}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Passau}, pages = {XXVIII, 162 S.}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Eine medienbruchfreie, automatisierte Verarbeitung von Gesch{\"a}ftsdokumenten ist die Grundlage f{\"u}r effiziente und fehlerfreie unternehmens{\"u}bergreifende Gesch{\"a}ftsprozesse. Im Bereich der digitalen {\"U}bertragung von Gesch{\"a}ftsdokumenten in Form von strukturierten Daten existiert hierf{\"u}r eine Vielzahl von Ans{\"a}tzen. Daneben werden viele Gesch{\"a}ftsdokumente nach wie vor in bildlicher Form, wie beispielsweise auf Papier, verwendet. In diesem Bereich sind die Dokumente nur selten auf eine automatisierte Verarbeitung ausgelegt. Die Einbettung von digital strukturierter Information, die f{\"u}r eine automatisierte Verarbeitung ben{\"o}tigt wird, erfolgt {\"u}blicherweise {\"u}ber optische Codes. Der inhaltliche Aufbau dieser Codes wird meist zwischen den beteiligten Unternehmen individuell vereinbart. Ein standardisierter Ansatz daf{\"u}r fehlt. Um eine standardisierte Verwendung optischer Codes zu erm{\"o}glichen, wird in dieser Arbeit der Ansatz verfolgt, Gesch{\"a}ftsdokumente in XML-basierter Form optisch zu codieren. Damit k{\"o}nnen bereits existierende Standards f{\"u}r XML-basierte Gesch{\"a}ftsdokumente und optische Codes verwendet werden. Aufgrund der beschr{\"a}nkten Kapazit{\"a}t optischer Codes ist die Kompression von XML-Dokumenten der zentrale Untersuchungsgegenstand dieser Arbeit. Im Rahmen dessen wird die Leistung bestehender Kompressionsverfahren betrachtet und analysiert, inwiefern diese f{\"u}r die optische Codierung XML-basierter Gesch{\"a}ftsdokumente verbessert werden kann. In einem mehrstufigen Analyseprozess erfolgt die Entwicklung eines Verfahrens, das eine neuartige Kombination bestehender Konzepte zur XML-Kompression verwendet und damit h{\"o}here Kompressionsraten erm{\"o}glicht. Dazu wird ein facettiertes Klassifikationssystem mit technischen und funktionalen Merkmalen erarbeitet, mit dem potentiell relevante XML-Kompressionsverfahren identifiziert werden. Die konzeptionellen Bestandteile der ausgew{\"a}hlten Verfahren werden im Hinblick auf ihre Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit beurteilt und sinnvolle Konzepte zu einem parametrisierten Verfahren (PSXC f{\"u}r parametric schema-based XML compression) kombiniert. Im Rahmen einer Fallstudie zur optischen Codierung von Rechnungsdokumenten wird die Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit von PSXC im Vergleich zu bestehenden Allzweck- und XML-Kompressionsverfahren gepr{\"u}ft und gezeigt, dass die Gr{\"o}ße optischer Codes mit PSXC reduziert werden kann.}, subject = {Gesch{\"a}ftsbrief}, language = {de} }