TY - JOUR A1 - Erdogan, Gülsah A1 - Fekih Hassen, Wiem T1 - Charging scheduling of hybrid energy storage systems for EV charging stations T2 - Energies N2 - The growing demand for electric vehicles (EV) in the last decade and the most recent European Commission regulation to only allow EV on the road from 2035 involved the necessity to design a cost-effective and sustainable EV charging station (CS). A crucial challenge for charging stations arises from matching fluctuating power supplies and meeting peak load demand. The overall objective of this paper is to optimize the charging scheduling of a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for EV charging stations while maximizing PV power usage and reducing grid energy costs. This goal is achieved by forecasting the PV power and the load demand using different deep learning (DL) algorithms such as the recurrent neural network (RNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM). Then, the predicted data are adopted to design a scheduling algorithm that determines the optimal charging time slots for the HESS. The findings demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach, showcasing a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 5.78% for real-time PV power forecasting and 9.70% for real-time load demand forecasting. Moreover, the proposed scheduling algorithm reduces the total grid energy cost by 12.13%. KW - scheduling optimization KW - HESS KW - PV power KW - load demand KW - RNN KW - LSTM KW - GRU KW - cost reduction Y1 - 2023 UR - https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-uni-passau/frontdoor/index/index/docId/1412 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-14128 VL - 2023 IS - 16 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER -