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Within the scope of this work, new test methods were developed to determine the characteristic product properties of ladle well filler sands. Background is that up to now, there are no approved test methods for these product properties such as pourability, sintering behavior and infiltration behavior.
To substantiate this deficiency in testing methods, the general state-of-the-art testing methods of cohesionless bulk materials is presented and a variety of publications on ladle well filler sands are reviewed for their applied testing methodology.
The development of new test methods for the characterization of ladle well filler sands was based on test methods that were in part already standardized, such as the permeability measurement (infiltration) according to DIN 18130-1 from the field of geotechnics, the determination of the flow time with flow cups for coating materials (flowability) according to DIN EN ISO 2431:2011 and the monotonic heating method (MMH) according to ASTM E2584-20 for determining the thermal conductivity.
Since these test methods were not designed for examining free-flowing, non-cohesive bulk materials and therefore not for examining ladle well filler sand, it was necessary to adapt the parameters of the standardized test methods for use with well filler.
The parameters of the test methods mentioned (DIN 18130-1; DIN EN ISO 2431 and ASTM E2584-20) were checked for applicability and transferability to ladle well filler sand and new suitable parameters were added. The reproducibility of the results of the test methods was checked by a series of tests and the decisive influencing factors of ladle well filler sand on the results were determined.
The relevance of the results of the newly developed test methods was verified based on results from the European research project ILORA ("Improvement of Ladle Opening Rates", funded by the "Research Fund for Coal and Steel" RFCS, 2013-2016) and numerous publications with results from other research projects.
From the results of the newly developed test methods, key figures for the pourability, sintering behavior and infiltration behavior of ladle well filler sands were derived. The combination of these key figures was converted into a holistic analysis of ladle well filler sands, finally leading to an evaluation grid for well fillers. It is exactly that grid respectively network, that now allows for the first time to make qualified and reliable statements about the suitability for use of ladle well filler sands prior to industry application, which significantly facilitates the new development of such well fillers.