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DRAFTS#3
(2022)
DRAFTS#3 invited more than 80 designers, design researchers, and design students to discuss the role of artifacts in research and design activities within disciplines such as fashion, textile, and interaction design through the means of two exhibitions and one symposium.
A cooperation between the Swedish School of Textiles – University of Borås and designtransfer – UdK Berlin.
Spätestens seit der Ausrufung der neuen TV-Avantgarde der Nullerjahre ist die Fernsehserie auch im deutschsprachigen akademischen Diskurs angekommen. Vielfältige Untersuchungen widmen sich dem spezifisch Seriellen der TV-Serie, neuen Narrationsformen, stilistischen Besonderheiten, neuen Produktions- und Vertriebswegen und veränderten Rezeptionsformen. Die vorliegende Analyse kann auf diese Arbeiten zurückgreifen und schlägt zugleich einen anderen Weg ein: eine Annäherung an die Serie über den »Rand«. Unter »Rand« wird ein umfassendes Untersuchungskonzept verstanden, das Theoretisierungen zu Rahmen und »framing«, zu Schwelle und Übergang sowie zu Grenze und Peripherie integriert. Den Zugang über den Rand legt das serielle Konstrukt selbst nahe: Ob mathematische, literarische, künstlerische oder TV-Serie, ihre Zusammensetzung aus mehreren Teilen und ihre potenziell unendliche Ausdehnung führen dazu, dass das Ganze der Serie immer prekär und wandelbar ist, beschworen und zusammengehalten werden muss. Diese Eigenschaften lenken den Blick auf die rahmende Ordnung, die Gestaltung der Schwellen und Zugänge zur Serie, die Bestimmung der Grenzen der potenziell unendlichen Serie sowie der Lücken zwischen den einzelnen Teilen. Die Arbeit geht von der These aus, dass diese Beschaffenheit der Serie dazu führt, dass sie über ihre Ränder definiert ist: Der Rand wird zum Kern der Serie. Dieser vermeintlichen Paradoxie geht die Arbeit nach. Sie zeigt, wie verschiedene serielle Ränder beschaffen sind, was ihre Leistung für die Serie ist und wie der serielle Rand als ›Erkenntnisgenerierer‹ funktioniert.
Eine Krise bekommen
(2021)
The paper presents a novel method of multiclass classification. The method combines the notions of dimensionality reduction and binarization with notions of category prototype and evolutionary optimization. It introduces a supervised machine learning algorithm which first projects documents of the training corpus into low-dimensional binary space and subsequently uses canonical genetic algorithm in order to find a constellation of prototypes with highest classificatory pertinence. Fitness function is based on a cognitively plausible notion that a good prototype of a category C should be as close as possible to members of C and as far as possible to members associated to other categories. In case of classification of documents contained in a 20-newsgroup corpus into 20 classes, our algorithm seems to yield better results than a comparable deep learning "semantic hashing" method which also projects the semantic data into 128-dimensional binary (i.e. 16-byte) vector space.
Zum Erreichen der weltweiten Klimaziele leistet Deutschland seinen Beitrag durch die Definition und Umsetzung des Maßnahmenpaketes Energiewende. Ein wesentlicher Bestandteil ist die Energieeinsparung im Gebäudebereich. Der Großteil des Endenergieverbrauchs entfällt auf die Wärmeversorgung der Gebäude. Auf Raumebene legt deshalb das Gebäudeenergiegesetz in §63 die Regelung wassergeführter Heizvorrichtungen fest. Dazu ist die Wahl geeigneter Einzelraumregler notwendig. Diese ist oft nicht trivial und erfolgt meist zwischen zwei Extremen. Entweder es werden klassische Regler wie Zweipunkt- oder P/PI/PID-Regler genutzt, deren optimale Parameter aber selten bekannt sind und ihre Anwendung somit zu Energieverschwendung und Komfortverlust führen kann, oder es werden spezialisierte, an den konkreten Raum angepasste Regler mittels Modellbildung und Simulation bestimmt, deren Entwicklung entsprechend teuer ist. Dies macht es erforderlich, die Wahl geeigneter Einzelraumregler zu untersuchen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einen einfachen Weg zur Wahl eines geeigneten Reglers einschließlich seiner Parametrisierung für die Temperaturregelung eines Einzelraumes zu finden. Dazu wird untersucht, ob Zusammenhänge aus komprimierenden Kenngrößen für Räume, Standorte und Nutzungen und optimal parametrisierten Reglern gefunden werden können, die zur vereinfachten Wahl nahezu optimaler Regler und deren Parameter nutzbar sind. Es wird eine empirische Methodik entwickelt, die auf einer umfangreichen Simulationsstudie zur Generierung eines großen Datensatzes von Beispielräumen und wenigen, für diese Räume günstigsten, optimal parametrisierten Reglern, basiert. Dazu werden Simulationsszenarien definiert und deren Raum-, Nutzungs- und Standortmodelle sowie Reglermodelle in der Modellierungssprache Modelica unter Zuhilfenahme der BuildingSystems-Bibliothek erstellt. Die Methodik ist anwendbar und muss nun auf weitere Regler übertragen werden. Die Entwicklung der Methodik geschieht im Hinblick auf eine einfache, praxisorientierte Anwendung, bei der dann keine Simulationsmodelle der Räume oder Regler mehr notwendig sind. Es werden nur wenige Raum- und Wetterkenngrößen benötigt, die vom Geäudeplaner, -betreiber oder -nutzer vorzugeben sind. Durch die gefundenen Zusammenhänge, die als Künstliche Neuronale Netze vorliegen, kann der günstigste Regler einschließlich seiner optimalen Parameter leicht bestimmt werden. Die Anwendbarkeit der Methodik wird an einem Testszenario für drei unterschiedliche Standorte und zwei Heizungstypen demonstriert.
No-Win Situation is an interdisciplinary exhibition, which took place from May 14th to May 16th 2021 in the Treptower Ateliers. Students, lecturers and alumni from the Universität der Künste Berlin showed their works.
In response to the current situation and beyond, the participants tried to find new forms and ways to approach media that can do justice to the fast-paced character of a human-made downfall. That is what we call "the pessimistic view“: The internet creates a network that is no longer comprehensible. Nature is burdened until the consequences harm the humankind itself. The market creates dynamics that no one can control. Regardless of the Covid-19 pandemic, there are more than enough reasons to be pessimistic about the world.
Spatial sculptures encountered sound installations, machines met performance, virtual realty came across Readymade.
The exhibition catalog tries to link various artistic and creative positions. In terms of design, the question arises to what extent it is possible to reproduce new media but also to interpret them in a documentary print publication – a search for the best way to transport the essence of an artwork, especially when it has more to it than a visual part. The individual artwork is presented in a unique layout, approaching every work with a different design concept which is asking for the right visual language to communicate what is important.
Ideathek
(2021)
What does the digitization and mediatization of space mean for our physical and virtual knowledge spaces. How can architectural and interface design promote innovation and creativity through their spatial configurations and protocols? Which new approaches need to be deployed so that complexity is created instead of reduced?
Abstract. This study compares performance of different speech com-
mand classification systems which can be executed on an Raspberry
Pi Zero ARMv6 architecture. Three systems are evaluated: first one,
TREELITE_MFCC, is based on Treelite system cross-compiles a MFCC-
classifying Random Forest into a highly optimized shared library; second,
TFLITE_MFCC, performs classification of MFCC inputs by means of
convolutional neural network encoded as a lightweight TensorFlow Lite
model while the third one - labeled as TFLITE_RAW - uses more com-
plex network to directly classify the audio signal. We evaluate models
not only in terms of their accuracy and precision, but also in terms of
execution time, voltage, current and energy consumed. We observe that
while TFLITE_RAW offers superior performance in terms of accuracy,
TREELITE_RAW is also worth of consideration for low-latency real-
life applications since it offers relatively good performance (avg. micro-
precision=0.917) but its predictions, when executed on Raspberry Pi
Zero, are significantly faster and cost less energy than TensorFlow Lite
models.
This thesis focuses on small scale residential cooling application with unitary air conditioning units as they are wide spread in the so called Middle East North African Region. The presence of these single room or single apartment cooling systems is evaluated and their impact throughout the region assessed. They have a tremendous impact on the electric supply in countries like Saudi Arabia where most of the households already have an AC-unit. The impact in other countries with relatively less installed systems, like in Egypt, is already crucial and leads to regular power cuts. However, the stability of the grids of these countries will decrease further with a higher penetration rate of electric air conditioning systems. Current technology development aims to reduce the buildings cooling energy demand, increase the coefficient of performance, or to substitute the cooling mechanism with a different approach such as sorptive cooling systems. However, these systems require a costly and time intensive change of the building structure or an exchange of the existing cooling system. Due to this reasons, this thesis focuses on the additional installation of a small scale PV electric system, including a battery and applying advanced control strategies to utilize the thermal storage capacity of the building masses. Therefore, the present room cooling system is modeled as a reference system as it could be present throughout the entire region. This system consists of a room model of a typical apartment structure and is cross validated. Two use cases are applied: a bed room and a living room. Further, it includes a model of the solar electric system which is as well parametrized to regional values. Newly, a split unit model and an extended Kinetic Battery model are set up. The single models are combined to an entire system simulation. Afterwards, the main parameters are varied in particle swarm optimization runs to determine the impact of various boundary conditions, such as the electricity price and feed in tariffs, battery and thermal storage capacities, and solar collector field size. The simulation results are compared in terms of levelized costs of cooling, solar coverage rate and the solar cooling autonomy. The findings are compared in a case study. This study highlights the results of the Hurghada, Egypt city district of El Gouna. There, personal observations of the results where possible and an in depth analysis of the results was undertaken. In this location, the levelized costs of electricity for a small scale PV system with 1kWpeak drop there to 0.18USD/kWh with a short investment period of 5 years. They even drop to 0.08 and 0.05USD/kWh when taking an investment period of 15 or 25 years into consideration. With this values, various levelized costs of cooling are simulated as a parameter field of the particle swarm optimization. The findings show, that in most cases, the cooling costs become negative, even with relatively short investment periods. Within a bed room, a solar coverage rate of 0.9 can be achieved with a small scale PV system with weighted costs of only 677USD. In terms of solar cooling autonomy, the most cost efficient system has weighted costs of1,036USD, resulting in a coverage rate of 0.71. The living room air conditioning system can achieve best weighted costs of1,459USDfor a cooling autonomy of 0.86.Further, the practical application of a small scale PV electric solar cooling system was evaluated by the author in the case study location itself. The limitations of the theoretic system design are presented and discussed. Part of this analysis is the thermal stratification in typical vaulted apartment structures as they have a huge impact on the deviation between simulated and measured room air cooling demand.
Nowadays, society is becoming increasingly conscious of the adverse effect of energy use on the environment, contributing to the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing global warming. Because of the substantial contribution of building energy to these concerns, the intention should be not only to improve building energy efficiency but also to promote the use of renewable technologies, especially solar energy. Today building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) and building-integrated solar thermal (BIST) technologies are recognized by building designers as innovative technology for clean energy and greenhouse gas reduction, especially in cities, where multi-story buildings are dominant with limited roof area.
For the Mediterranean area, the high level of solar radiation and plentiful sunny hours make it appropriate for solar system installation, however, the development of solar energy is still limited. Moreover, due to the high population growth rate, lack of local resources, high energy price, and urbanization, one of the priorities in the Mediterranean area is to promote the energy efficiency of the building both on the supply side and demand side.
Therefore, this research aims to investigate the potential of installation of the photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal (ST) technologies in the new multi-family residential building envelope in the Mediterranean area, taking Amman, Jordan, as a case study. The focus of this research is on the typical multi-family residential buildings in Amman, as it is the city where about 50% of the new construction in Jordan is taking place, and the residential buildings are the major consumers of energy and electricity in Jordan. The multi-family buildings also form about 75% of the total housing stock in Jordan. The typical multi-family building studied here is composed of five main floors, contains ten residential apartments; the area of each apartment is 150 m2. It is assumed that the building is located in a common residential urbanized zone in Jordan, with 6 m sides offset and 8 m back offset, assuming that one side is facing the main street, and all the buildings have a maximum allowable height of 15 m. All the architectural parameters related to the multi-family buildings have been defined through analyzing the residential building stock in Jordan.
In order to achieve the research aim, the possibility of reducing the energy demand of the typical multi-family building in Amman, Jordan, through passive and architectural design strategies was firstly investigated. After that, different performance criteria were evaluated, mainly quantitative criteria including energy consumption, energy production, and life cycle assessment (energy, carbon, cost). In addition to the qualitative criteria, including visibility and functionality, the purpose here is to emphasize the substantial function of BIPV systems. Each performance criterion was assessed alone. Then, all the performance criteria results were presented in a decision support matrix, which can be used as a comparison to evaluate and identify the solar system's application of choice, based on the criteria of the user. Moreover, a new energy index was formulated to evaluate the overall annual energy performance of BIPV design in terms of multifunctional effects on building energy.
Different methods were adopted in this research; the qualitative criteria were evaluated based on the literature review analysis, while the quantitative criteria were evaluated by using different simulation software, previous literature review, and spreadsheet calculations.
Literature review analyses were conducted in order to identify the relevant possibilities and the aesthetical solution the market offers, and the multiple benefits for PV and ST integration. The knowledge acquired from this part played a significant role in choosing and designing the proposals of PV and ST installation into the multi-story building envelope. Regarding the simulation studies, different building and energy simulation software was used to simulate and optimize the energy performance of the typical multi-family building in Amman, Jordan, through passive and architectural design strategies, as well as to find out the optimum design of the energy system in terms of energy performance (energy demand of the system, and solar energy fraction), and to investigate the energy-saving potential of PV and ST systems with various designs (tilt angles, azimuth, installed area, etc.). For the building energy simulation, each zone in the building was modeled as a space of its own. The energy demand was calculated on an hourly basis for a period of a whole year. The results from the simulation analysis, related literature and guidelines were adopted to conduct a life cycle assessment through spreadsheet calculation, to determine the long-term performance in terms of energy and carbon emissions, as well as cost considerations, taking into account the current market practice. The cradle-to-grave approach was adapted for the environmental life cycle assessments.
The general conclusion of this research is that installing the PV modules into the multi-family buildings envelope in Amman, Jordan, makes a positive contribution in terms of energy performance, as PV systems can cover up to 97% of the new building electricity demand when they are installed on both the roof and south façade, and up to 43% is covered by installing the PV modules into the south facade. Regarding the environmental life cycle assessment, the results proved the carbon saving potential of all the proposed PV systems, as the energy payback time (EPBT) is between 1.5- 3.5 years and the carbon payback time (CPBT) is between 3.4- 7.8 years. However, for the life cycle cost assessment the result showed that due to high capital cost and low cost of electricity, neither system is currently feasible for investment, as the payback time (PBT) is between 9.0- 16 years. However, with future advances in each system and more efficient designs, the payback periods would become tangible and therefore yield better performances. Lastly, the results were used to derive a decision support matrix aimed at providing a friendly approach to facilitate the implementation of solar building applications.