Refine
Document Type
- Article (29)
- Conference Proceeding (16)
- Master's Thesis (5)
- Working Paper (4)
- Book (3)
- Report (2)
- Bachelor Thesis (1)
- Part of a Book (1)
- Part of Periodical (1)
Year of publication
- 2022 (62)
Institute
Keywords
- machine learning (3)
- photonic integrated circuit (3)
- COVID-19 (2)
- Transfer (2)
- Wissens- und Technologietransfer (2)
- surface plasmon resonance (2)
- 10-second heart rate variability (1)
- 3D printing (1)
- ALD (1)
- Acheta domesticus (house cricket) (1)
Model based Configuration of Platforms for Managing Cross- Organizational (Business) Processes
(2022)
In this contribution interoperability is considered from the perspective of platforms, which have to manage cross-organisational business processes. A model-based approach for configuring a cloud platform for managing complex processes and their dependencies across different organisations is provided. The approach is applied on using FIWARE, which provides a framework of open source software platform components. The core concept is to extend the open source core data model of FIWARE by using the artefacts of an Enterprise model, describing the dependencies of processes, roles, object data and application interfaces. Based on a given use case the principal configuration was applied and validated.
Der Titel suggeriert ein contradictio in adiecto, einen Widerspruch in sich. Wie kann ein Tempel des Wissens und der Bildungschancen sich der Bildung selbst gegenüber abhold verhalten? Wissen und Bildung im Hause zu haben, bedeutet – so die These – nicht zwangsläufig, dass man sich für Bildung in den eigenen Reihen einsetzen muss! Schritt für Schritt soll die provozierende These eine Erläuterung erfahren und mindestens ein Weg aus der deplorablen Lage aufgezeigt werden. Dieser Weg folgt der Markierung, aktiver als bislang in die Fort- und Weiterbildung zu investieren und ggf. die Rahmenbedingungen dafür zu modifizieren. Der Beitrag setzt gleichfalls voraus, dass Bibliotheken ihre Rolle als Partner ihrer jeweiligen Zielgruppen aktiv annehmen und mitgestalten wollen, nicht nur, aber auch auf der Woge tatsächlich und prognostiziert voranschreitender Automatisierung und Digitalisierung.
This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic strain Lacticaseibacillus (L.) paracasei subsp. paracasei F19 (F19) with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae US-05 (US-05), using Spondias mombin L. (‘taperebá’ or ‘cajá’) juice and by-product, in four sour-type beer formulations: control, with bagasse, juice, and juice and bagasse. The viability of F19 was evaluated by pour-plating and PMA-qPCR. Fermentability, in addition to physicochemical and sensory parameters, and aroma and flavor, were evaluated during brewery by using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). F19 was successful in fermenting bagasse in a MRS medium (9.28 log CFU/mL in 24 h) but had a low viability in hopped wort, growing better in formulations without bagasse or juice. No difference between formulations was observed regarding sensory acceptability, and the HS-SPME/GC-MS revealed different flavors and aroma compounds. In conclusion, the production of a potential probiotic sour beer with F19 and US-05 is feasible regarding probiotic viability. However, S. mombin, as juice or bagasse, threatened probiotic survival. Different flavors and aroma compounds were detected, whereas no difference between formulations was found regarding sensory acceptability. The moderate alcohol content achieved is important for bacterial survival and for the development of a probiotic beer with health claims.
From creative destruction to destruction of the creatives: innovation in walled-off ecosystems
(2022)
For a long time, a prevailing view was that due to the dynamic nature of competition in digital markets intervention by antitrust authorities may do more harm than good. It was assumed that Joseph Schumpeter’s “perennial gales of creative destruction” would sufficiently discipline any incumbent digital firm as rivals were only ‘one click away’, switching costs low and network effects reversable. Based upon the economics of innovation, the article first examines the market conditions under which significant product improvement and/or disruptions from outside may develop and unfold. It then examines why such conditions are lacking where a single undertaking largely controls a digital ecosystem. The article concludes that the protective moats and walls that digital gatekeepers have built around their “cash cow” services significantly reduce the incentives and abilities to innovate for any participant within such ecosystem and to disrupt the incumbent’s service. Due to common interests and mutual interdependencies of the operators of the largest digital ecosystems, it also cannot be presumed that the lack of innovation within ecosystems (intra-ecosystem competition) is sufficiently outbalanced by innovation across ecosystems (inter-ecosystem competition). In such a setting, competition policy may no longer assume that dynamic competition sufficiently disciplines even dominant companies and that there is a higher risk from over-enforcement than from underenforcement. Accordingly, the measures proposed, for instance, in the European Digital Markets Act and the American Choice and Innovation Online Act to open up markets for innovation go into the right direction.
Diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases is an urgent task because they are the main cause of death for 32% of the world’s population. Particularly relevant are automated diagnostics using machine learning methods in the digitalization of healthcare and introduction of personalized medicine in healthcare institutions, including at the individual level when designing smart houses. Therefore, this study aims to analyze short 10-s electrocardiogram measurements taken from 12 leads. In addition, the task is to classify patients with suspected myocardial infarction using machine learning methods. We have developed four models based on the k-nearest neighbor classifier, radial basis function, decision tree, and random forest to do this. An analysis of time parameters showed that the most significant parameters for diagnosing myocardial infraction are SDNN, BPM, and IBI. An experimental investigation was conducted on the data of the open PTB-XL dataset for patients with suspected myocardial infarction. The results showed that, according to the parameters of the short ECG, it is possible to classify patients with a suspected myocardial infraction as sick and healthy with high accuracy. The optimized Random Forest model showed the best performance with an accuracy of 99.63%, and a root mean absolute error is less than 0.004. The proposed novel approach can be used for patients who do not have other indicators of heart attacks.
From Lab-on-chip to Lab-in-App: Challenges towards silicon photonic biosensors product developments
(2022)
This work presents and evaluates different approaches of integrated optical sensors based on photonic integrated circuit (PIC) technologies for refractive index sensing. Bottlenecks in the fabrication flow towards an applicable system are discussed that hinder a cost-effective mass-production for disposable sensor chips. As sensor device, a waveguide coupled micro-ring based approach is chosen which is manufactured in an 8” wafer level process. We will show that the co-integration with a reproducible, scalable and low-cost microfluidic interface is the main challenge which needs to be overcome for future application of silicon technology based PIC sensor chips.
Dieser Fragestellung geht das EU-Projekt ASTONRail in einem ersten Projektteil nach. In einer Umfrage wurde die Eisenbahnbranche in Deutschland und Europa hinsichtlich ihrer Erwartungen an die Hochschulausbildung neueingestellter Eisenbahningenieurinnen und -ingenieure befragt. Erkenntnisse und Schlussfolgerungen für die Hochschulausbildung werden nachfolgend vorgestellt.
The development of precision cancer medicine relies on novel formulation strategies for targeted drug delivery to increase the therapeutic outcome. Biocompatible polymer nanoparticles, namely dextran-graft-polyacrylamide (D-g-PAA) copolymers, represent one of the innovative non-invasive approaches for drug delivery applications in cancer therapy. In this study, the star-like D-g-PAA copolymer in anionic form (D-g-PAAan) was developed for pH-triggered targeted drug delivery of the common chemotherapeutic drugs – doxorubicin (Dox) and cisplatin (Cis). The initial D-g-PAA copolymer was synthesized by the radical graft polymerization method, and then alkaline-hydrolyzed to get this polymer in anionic form for further use for drug encapsulation. The acidification of the buffer promoted the release of loaded drugs. D-g-PAAan nanoparticles increased the toxic potential of the drugs against human and mouse lung carcinoma cells (A549 and LLC), but not against normal human lung cells (HEL299). The drug-loaded D-g-PAAan-nanoparticles promoted further oxidative stress and apoptosis induction in LLC cells. D-g-PAAan-nanoparticles improved Dox accumulation and drugs’ toxicity in a 3D LLC multi-cellular spheroid model. The data obtained indicate that the strategy of chemotherapeutic drug encapsulation within the branched D-g-PAAan nanoparticle allows not only to realize pH-triggered drug release but also to potentiate its cytotoxic, prooxidant and proapoptotic effects against lung carcinoma cells.
Bio-inorganic hybrid structures for direct electron transfer to photosystem I in photobioelectrodes
(2022)
Synthetic materials can be combined with biological components in many ways. One example that provides scientists with multiple challenges is a photobioelectrode that converts sunlight into electrons in a biohybrid approach. In the present study several key parameters are evaluated concerning their influence on the direct electron transfer from a 3D indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode material to photosystem I (PSI) as a light-harvesting biomolecule. In contrast to previous investigations, no mediating molecule is added to shuttle the electrons to the luminal side of PSI. Thus, this setup is less complex than foregoing ones. The solution composition drastically influences the interaction of PSI with the ITO surface. Here, the application of higher buffer concentrations and the addition of salts are advantageous, whereas the nature of the buffer ions plays a minor role. The artificial electrode material's thickness is adjustable since a spin-coating procedure is used for preparation. With a 30 μm thick structure and immobilized PSI cathodic photocurrents up to 10.1 μA cm−2 are obtained at 100 mW cm−2 illumination intensity and an applied potential of −0.1V vs. Ag/AgCl. Over a period of three days the photobioelectrodes are illuminated for a total of 90 min and stored between the measurements at ambient temperature. The stability of the setup is noteworthy as still about 90% of the photocurrent is retained. The photocathode described here offers many positive features, including a high onset potential for the photocurrent starting sligthly above the redox potentail of P700, and applicability in a wide pH range from pH 5 to 8.
Aviation emissions, domestic and international, account for approximately 2 % of total global CO2 emissions. Fuel consumption for a given route, excluding other factors such as wind, depends largely on the weight of the aircraft. To minimise fuel consumption, it is often most economical to carry only the minimum weight required for the sector. Within the framework of a dissertation, possibilities to reduce the final reserve fuel and thus the amount of fuel required are being researched and evaluated. This paper shows part of the results, as reliability and accuracy of flight planning and actual operations are a necessary basis for a possible reduction. The level of safety in aviation must always be taken into account. To prove this, fuel values are recorded and statistically evaluated, based on real flight and fuel data provided. Analysis, systematization and generalization were used to conduct the study. As a statistical background, extensive fuel data of an airline from a period of about five years were examined. The focus of this paper is on the results for taxi and trip fuel. The result shows that the current requirements for flight planning and the subsequent execution of flights are very reliable and highly accurate today. The results of the study can be used as a basis for a performance-based approach to reduce the final reserve fuel while maintaining the necessary safety level. Reducing the final reserve has a significant impact on reducing overall fuel consumption and emissions. Further research and studies are needed to determine performance indicators.

