The 20 most recently published documents
The most common cause of incidents and accidents in aviation is linked to the category “Loss of Control Inflight” [1]. Remarkably in consequence this means that aircraft without any technical defect or such with manageable defects according to certification requirements are involved. The research project “Virtual Instructor for General Aviation” (VIGA) was aimed to validate an idea that addresses this problem by an entirely different approach. The idea can be best described by looking at the way a flight instructor takes decisions to intervene. A human pilot has an expectation of the maneuvers and the corresponding trajectories that can be flown in the future based on the present flight conditions. Decision making is based on the analysis of the consequences of the expectations. This approach is one of the key principles of the project, and is completely different to any known AFCS system.
Yet technical implementation requires considerable effort. Essentially it comprises a faster than real time simulation with an adequately accurate aerodynamic model of the particular aircraft in combination with a module to evaluate the results of the simulated exit trajectories. In consequence this idea requires an autopilot module capable of tracking the calculated three-dimensional trajectories which then resulted in the need to design and develop a completely new type of autopilot algorithm.
The objective of this project was to test and demonstrate principle functionality thereby also finding pathways determining future developments as well as to analyze system behavior. Therefore, the project was deliberately designed to help the pilot by depicting the solutions on the PFD. Direct intervention of the system with aircraft flight controls did not take place. This also raised the question of how to design an effective visual human interface.
Fortunately, all results proved to be very satisfying. The underlying idea could be validated and was demonstrated both in a simulation environment and in flight test. The path tracking algorithm was developed in a parallel project and also showed very satisfactory results, meeting all requirements.
The research on the new generation mobile networks is currently in the phase of defining the key technologies to make 6G successful. Hereby, the research project 6G NeXt is aiming to provide a tight integration between the communication network, consisting of the radio access as well as backbone network, and processing facilities. By the concept of split computing, the processing facilities are distributed over the entire backbone network, from centralised cloud to the edge cloud at a base station. Based on two demanding use cases, Smart Drones and Hologradic Communication, we investigate a joint communication and compute architecture that will make the application of tomorrow become reality.
The aim was to implement uncertainty calculation for detecting the negative effects of smoking on the bone density of the paranasal sinus. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 male participants aged 20 to 44 were included in the study and divided into two groups. The first group comprised individuals with minimal harmful habits, while the second group consisted of individuals who had been smoking for at least 10 years, consuming 1 to 2 packs of cigarettes per day. Results Bone density has a negative impact on the bone tissue of the upper wall of the maxillary sinus. The findings suggest that individuals with a pronounced decrease in minimum density, as well as those with a marked difference between minimum and maximum density values, may require heightened medical attention due to potential associations with undiagnosed diseases or specific structural characteristics in the skull. Conclusions. The uncertainty calculation was implemented for the detection of negative effect of smoking on the bone density of paranasal sinuses. The calculated difference between maximum and minimum density during the research suggests significant medical implications, especially considering the heterogeneity of the trabecular bone structure in the skull. Individuals with a marked difference may require heightened medical attention, potentially associated with undiagnosed diseases or specific structural characteristics in the skull.
The contribution aims to bring forth a novel synthesis route in developing transparent UV LED-curable coatings accounting for various exposure options. A selection of perfluoropolyether (PFPE)-urethane methacrylate and acrylate resins, free-radical photo-initiator Omnirad 2100, and two distinct silane-based crosslinking agents were blended under a weight ratio of 75:20:5 (without crosslinker) and 70:15:5:10, respectively. The coatings were cured under a UV LED 4 × 3 matrix light emitting source, in a chamber under a controlled atmosphere, by means of an in-house developed conveyor belt type platform, at different conveyor belt speeds (5, 50, 150, 250, and 500 mm/s). The morphologies of fabricated coatings were characterized by FTIR revealing high conversion rates (e.g., from 98 to 100%) for increased exposure time as a result of the 5 or 50 mm/s values, on all combinations. Dynamic–mechanical and optical properties of UV LED-cured transparent coatings were also investigated. A negative shift of the glass transition temperature values with a decrease in exposure time, in all combinations, from about 60 °C to 30 °C, along with storage moduli lowering in the glassy plateau further favors higher exposure times for curing. The refractive indices of poly-mers were from 1.38 to 1.40, whereas the thermo-optic coefficients are showing minor changes around the value of 2.55∙10−4 K−1.
The Peculiarities of Measuring Bone Density in Males and Females Using Uncertainty Calculation
(2023)
The article discusses the approach to solving the problem of reducing time spent on the preparation of medical images for teaching neural networks, by reducing the time of creating masks for images. The task is considered on the example of processing images of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinus. The specifics of the task did not allow effectively using existing software solutions. During the study, a software solution was proposed, which made it possible to radically reduce the time of creating masks for images. The article also analyzes the shortcomings of the automated creation of masks, as well as the directions of their solution. The loss of time due to the adjustment of the color palette can be reduced even more to 1-2 minutes, the average deviation is 7.61%.
Background. There are many questions regarding the peculiarities of the course of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis, the likelihood of complications and the correct dosage of load during dental implantation. Purpose – to identify changes in minimal bone density in chronic odontogenic maxillary sinusitis and to compare it with chronic rhinogenic catarrhal maxillary sinusitis and physiological state of maxillary sinus. Materials and Methods. Our study involved 10 patients with chronic odontogenic maxillary sinusitis, 10 patients with chronic maxillary non-polyposis sinusitis of rhinogenic etiology, combined with hyperplasia of the sinus mucosa up to 1 cm. The control group comprised 10 patients with physiological condition of maxillary sinuses. In all subjects minimal bone density of superior, medial and inferior walls of maxillary sinus was analyzed. Results. The study showed that the maximum in physiological conditions is the minimal density of the upper wall of the maxillary sinus, the minimum is the lower wall. The minimal density of the lower wall was shown to undergo a statistically significant reduction in chronic catarrhal maxillary sinusitis only by 2%, the upper by 5%, the medial by 4% compared with the intact sinus, but with the odontogenic nature of maxillary sinusitis, this figure was 31% in the lower wall, 27% in the medial region. Only the density of the upper wall of the maxillary sinus remained quite stable, it decreased relative to the physiological one only by 6%. Conclusions. Minimal physiological densitometric parameters of lower, medial and upper walls were calculated. The reduction of minimal density of bone tissue in the cases of rhinogenic chronic catarrhal maxillary sinusitis. In the cases of chronic odontogenic maxillary sinusitis, maximum significant decrease of minimal density of both lower and medial walls is determined.
The article discusses the approach to solving the problem of reducing time spent on the preparation of medical images for teaching neural networks, by reducing the time of creating masks for images. The task is considered on the example of processing images of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinus. The specifics of the task did not allow effectively using existing software solutions. During the study, a software solution was proposed, which made it possible to radically reduce the time of creating masks for images. The article also analyzes the shortcomings of the automated creation of masks, as well as the directions of their solution. The loss of time due to the adjustment of the color palette can be reduced even more to 1-2 minutes, the average deviation is 7.61%.
Evaluation of medical images is of key importance in the work of medical staff today. Especially this problem pays important role in otolaryngology.
The aim of our work was to develop an automatic complex method for assessing the state of the human paranasal sinuses.
Our research included 10 people of different sex and age, who were divided into groups, taking into account the recommendations of the WHO for 2019-2021. The structure of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus were calculated and compared.
In the course of our research, an algorithm was developed for the automatic assessment of the state of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus and its bone walls according to the data of the spiral computed tomography. The difference between obtained data in the manual and automatic mode is minimal.
Solutions to the 3D Model Problem of Pressure Measurement in the Area of Maxillary Sinus Anastomosis
(2020)
The ostiomeatal complex (OMC) is a key area that determines the occurrence of inflammatory processes in the paranasal sinuses (PNSs). The aim of our work was to develop a procedure for studying the OMC components in the preoperative period that allows for identification the impact of anatomical peculiarities on change of physiological pressure in the maxillary sinus. Materials and methods: The study was carried out on the basis of the otorhinolaryngological department of Kharkiv Regional Clinical Hospital in 2019-2020. It involved 100 patients of both sexes aged 20-59 years with chronic non-polyposis maxillary sinusitis. Results: The sizes of the uncinate process, the middle turbinate and the natural anastomosis were determined using the calculation of uncertainty. Basing on the data obtained, all the patients were divided into three groups. Conclusions: Changes in the size of the natural anastomosis (both an increase and its narrowing) lead to changes in pressure in the area of the anastomosis, and a decrease in ventilation in the paranasal sinuses. SCT study with subsequent 3D modeling is an informative, accurate and effective method for assessment of OMC and PNSs condition. It allows surgeons to presume the method and volume of surgery as early as at the preoperative stage, without resorting to invasive research methods.
The new coronavirus COVID-19 has been spreading worldwide for almost three years. The global community has developed effective measures to contain and control the pandemic. However, new factors are emerging that are driving the dynamics of COVID-19. One of these factors was the escalation of Russia's war in Ukraine. This study aims to test the hypothesis of the influence of migration flows caused by the Russian war in Ukraine on the dynamics of the epidemic process in Germany. For this, a model of the COVID-19 epidemic process was built based on the polynomial regression method. The model's adequacy was tested 30 days before the start of the escalation of the Russian war in Ukraine. To assess the impact of the war on the dynamics of COVID-19, the model was used to calculate the forecast of cumulative new and fatal cases of COVID-19 in Germany in the first 30 days after the start of the escalation of the Russian war in Ukraine. Modeling showed that migration flows from Ukraine are not a critical factor in the growth of the dynamics of the incidence of COVID-19 in Germany, but they influenced the number of cases. The next stage of the study is the development of more complex models for a detailed analysis of population dynamics, identifying factors influencing the epidemic process in the context of the Russian war in Ukraine, and assessing their information content.
Model based Configuration of Platforms for Managing Cross- Organizational (Business) Processes
(2022)
In this contribution interoperability is considered from the perspective of platforms, which have to manage cross-organisational business processes. A model-based approach for configuring a cloud platform for managing complex processes and their dependencies across different organisations is provided. The approach is applied on using FIWARE, which provides a framework of open source software platform components. The core concept is to extend the open source core data model of FIWARE by using the artefacts of an Enterprise model, describing the dependencies of processes, roles, object data and application interfaces. Based on a given use case the principal configuration was applied and validated.
Transparenz und Erklärbarkeit sind essenzielle Faktoren bei der Entwicklung sicherer KI-Modelle für den Fußgängerschutz. Dies ermöglicht nicht nur eine verbesserte Akzeptanz, sondern fördert auch das Vertrauen der Nutzer in die präventiven Fähigkeiten dieser Systeme.
Die Integration von Sensoren, maschinellem Lernen und fortschrittlichen Algorithmen ermöglicht eine präzise Analyse von Fußgängerverhalten und Umgebungsfaktoren. Dabei spielt die Echtzeitverarbeitung eine entscheidende Rolle, um schnell auf sich ändernde Situationen zu reagieren.
Zusätzlich zur Technologieentwicklung betont diese Analyse die Notwendigkeit strikter Sicherheitsmaßnahmen, um potenzielle Risiken und Sicherheitslücken zu minimieren. Dazu gehören Sicherheitsprotokolle für die Datenspeicherung, den Modellschutz und den Zu-griff auf KI-Systeme.
Die Einhaltung gesetzlicher und ethischer Richtlinien ist ein weiterer wichtiger Aspekt. Regulatorische Vorgaben und ethische Standards sollen sicherstellen, dass KI-Technologien im Automobilsektor nicht nur sicher, sondern auch im Einklang mit gesellschaftlichen Werten und Normen eingesetzt werden.
Der Beitrag hinterfragt kritisch den Anspruch und die Möglichkeiten des lebenslangen Lernens aus einer festen Anstellung heraus und geht den Fragen nach, warum wir uns kontinuierlich und systematisch fortbilden müssen und welche Möglichkeiten dazu existieren. Als konkretes Beispiel wird der berufsbegleitende Masterstudiengang Bibliotheksinformatik kursorisch vorgestellt. Provozierend folgt der Beitrag der unausgesprochenen These, dass Informationseinrichtungen umso authentischer und überzeugender mit ihrem Servicespektrum im Bildungssektor auftreten, wenn ihre eigene Einstellung zum Lernen ein anregendes und proaktives Beispiel gibt.
Der Beitrag thematisiert die berufliche Fortbildung in Bezug auf den in Wildau seit 2015 angebotenen Masterstudiengang Bibliotheksinformatik und beschreibt, vor welchem Hintergrund man sich bei der Vielzahl an möglichen IT-Skills auf die zehn angebotenen Module fokussiert hat. Er reflektiert kritisch die bisher gewonnenen Erfahrungen aus Sicht der Konstrukteure des Curriculums, aber ebenfalls der Absolventen.
Wissens- bzw. Nicht-Routinearbeit wie die Entwicklung von Smartphone-Apps oder von Software zur Steuerung moderner Flugzeuge ist per se fehleranfällig. Konkrete Beispiele aus dem täglichen Leben zeigen, dass derartige Fehler unübersehbare Schäden für Leib und Leben bedeuten können und daher zu vermeiden sind. Gegenseitiges Erklären und gemeinsames Verstehen von Sachverhalten, Anregungen, Ideen, Konzepten sind fehlerrelevante Bausteine von Wissensarbeit in Teams. Je besser diese speziellen Formen von Lehren (Erklären) und Lernen (Verstehen) gelingen, desto größer erscheinen die Chancen zur Fehlervermeidung. Entsprechend wird vorgeschlagen, die Wissensarbeit aus Lern- und Lehrsicht zu betrachten und mit Instrumenten aus der Didaktik zu unterstützen. Diese Lern-Lehr-Orientierung und ihr möglicher Beitrag zur Fehlerreduzierung werden beschrieben, an einem konkreten Beispiel ausgeführt und zusammenfassend erörtert.
The Hochschulbibliothek/Library of the Technische Hochschule Wildau/Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau (TH Wildau) is housed in Hall 10, a former locomotive shed constructed in 1920 and located on the former industrial site of the Schwartzkopff factory south of Berlin, Germany. The complex-ity and demands of accommodating the multiple functions of the library along with the historic protection of the building made the project especially challenging. The University required a 21st century academic library combined with a canteen and café housed in a listed building. The underlying philosophy for the architects was to retain the character, spatial quality and structural integrity of the original build-ing while creating a new, interpretive architectural expression for the extension and renovation. New materials and techniques echoed and complemented the old. Inexplicably the final bay of the former locomotive shed was never completed and the new project a century later was able both to return the building to its original length and symbolically mark the new use as a library. The library moved from uninspiring and inadequate quarters to a stunningly restored building in an impos-ing site that was full of character and had an ambience that was a great draw for users. For the librarians, the project provided the opportunity to raise the library’s profile, introduce new services through the exploitation of innovative technologies, and embrace a whole range of state-of-the-art uses, events and cooperative ven-tures. Advantages and drawbacks of the project are discussed and the benefits of reusing a historic building for a modern academic library are highlighted.
Anthropology meets Library
(2019)
Bibliotheken sind ein ideales Betätigungsfeld für Ethnolog*innen: Sie unterliegen im digitalen Zeitalter einem rapiden Veränderungsdruck hinsichtlich ihrer Serviceangebote, was sich erheblich auf die etablierten Arbeitsweisen und -inhalte der Mitarbeitenden auswirkt. Diese müssen die Grundlage ihrer Arbeit kontinuierlich reflektieren und lernen, auf permanente und sich verstärkende Veränderungstendenzen zu reagieren. Zugleich müssen Bibliotheken auf den gesellschaftlichen Wandel reagieren; dies betrifft sowohl die Alterung der Gesellschaft als auch ihre zunehmende Plurikulturalität. Es gilt, die spezifischen Bedarfe und Denkweisen einer älter und zugleich kulturell diverser werden Nutzerschaft grundlegend zu verstehen, um darauf mit bedarfsgerechten Angeboten antworten zu können. Hier kann die Anwendung ethnologischer Methoden sub stanziell dazu beitragen, mit diesen Herausforderungen angemessen umzugehen. Das wird anhand verschiedener Beispiele aus dem Bereich wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken exemplarisch dargestellt, wobei diese Beispiele im Kern aber auch auf öffentliche Bibliotheken übertragbar sind. Zugleich kann die ethnologische Befassung mit beruflichen Praktiken und normativen Haltungen im Bereich der Bibliotheken sowie mit den sich unter dem Vorzeichen einer ubiquitären Digitalisierung wandelnden Bedarfen einer alternden und sich kulturell diversifizierenden Gesellschaft prototypisch dazu beitragen, die Angewandte Ethnologie anzureichern mit potenziell generalisierbaren methodologischen und theoretischen Erkenntnissen. Diese erwachsen aus einer exemplarischen Befassung mit Phänomenen, die von universeller Reichweite sind und insoweit über die Domäne des untersuchten Felds der Bibliotheken hinausreichen.