610 Medizin und Gesundheit
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- bone density (5)
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Die vorliegende Arbeit präsentiert ein redundantes System, das Vitalparameter als Schnittstelle zwischen physischen Entitäten und virtuellen Repräsentationen in Unity verbindet. Die Echtzeiterfassung physiologischer Parameter wie der Herzfrequenz (EKG), der Hautleitwert (EDA) oder der Muskelaktivität (EMG) ermöglicht die Übertragung der jeweiligen physiologischen Zustände in virtuelle Modelle. Diese neuartige Form der Interaktion zwischen Mensch und Maschine eröffnet ein breites Spektrum an Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Der präsentierte Ansatz mittels EMG gewährleistet durch redundante Signalverarbeitung eine robuste Kommunikation zwischen physischer und virtueller Ebene und erweitert die Möglichkeiten von Digitalen Zwillingen, um eine physiologisch fundierte Dimension als Beschreibungselement für sozio-kognitive Entitäten.
In vorhergehenden Arbeiten wurden sowohl ein Bildverarbeitungsmodell zur automatisierten Erkennung von Messarealen als auch Studien zur Akzeptanz robotergestützter in vivo-Messungen entwickelt und erprobt. Auf dieser Grundlage wurde ein prototypischer Hautmessroboter aufgebaut, der Anforderungen an Ergonomie, Sicherheit und Bedienbarkeit integriert. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird eine erste Validierungsstudie vorgestellt, in der robotergestützte Messungen systematisch mit manuellen Referenzmessungen verglichen werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine insgesamt hohe Korrelation zwischen manueller und robotergestützter Messung für beide untersuchten Hautparameter. Nach Produktanwendung zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass mit der robotergestützten Messung statistisch signifikante Produkteffekte erfasst werden können. Die Resultate deuten darauf hin, dass robotergestützte in vivo Messungen ein hohes Potenzial für den Einsatz im dermatologischen Studienbetrieb haben können.
This study presents the development of a realistic brain phantom as a humane, practical alternative to animal use in medical training, in line with the 3R principles and Directive 2010/63/EU. The phantom is designed to support ultrasound-based education for diagnostic and interventional procedures while improving patient safety through controlled, repeatable practice. High‑resolution CT data were converted to CAD models and additively manufactured as moulds; a gelatin‑based soft‑tissue matrix with glycerin and potassium sorbate provides elasticity and durability. Functional features include fluid‑fillable ventricular structures enabling drainage and puncture simulations, and an integrated high‑density tumour insert to model advanced scenarios.
Ultrasound evaluation demonstrated clear echogenic differentiation between tumour, ventricles, and surrounding tissue, confirming the model’s imaging fidelity and suitability for hands‑on training. The phantom proved cost‑efficient and reusable, facilitating standardised teaching of complex procedures without ethical approval barriers. A limitation is the material’s gradual mechanical instability under repeated probe contact, motivating investigations into synthetic or hybrid matrices to enhance longevity and reuse.
Overall, the brain phantom constitutes an ethical, technically robust, and resource‑efficient training tool that addresses critical needs in healthcare quality and safety by reducing avoidable errors through simulation‑based competence development.
The development of novel photonic integrated microchips (PIC) is a promising approach to allow for the convenient detection of key biomarkers in complex matrices through multichannel real-time analysis in a highly compact package. This study reports the successful development and application of a backside released CMOS chip designed for the multichannel real-time detection of biomarkers. Operating at the C-band at approx. 1550 nm, the microchip features three dedicated detection sensors in addition to a reference sensor, enabling simultaneous analysis of multiple biomarkers. The compact and highly miniaturized design of this microchip, with a footprint of just 1 mm², positions it as promising candidate for point-of-care diagnostics and personalized medicine applications. This technology opens a path to transform biomarker detection across various medical fields, offering rapid, reliable, and cost-effective diagnostic solutions. In conclusion, the presented multichannel photonic microchips signify a substantial leap forward in real-time biomarker detection, providing a highly capable platform for future research and clinical applications.
Die aktuelle Situation auf dem Arbeitsmarkt ermöglicht nur marginal die Rekrutierung ausgebildeter Pflegekräfte, um den aktuellen Pflegenotstand zu beheben. Vielerorts ist der Markt quasi „leergefegt“. Daher wird u.a. versucht, nicht oder fachfremd ausgebildete Pflegekräfte mit Grundbildungsbedarf für eine Tätigkeit in der Pflege zu gewinnen, keinesfalls jedoch ohne passgenaue Qualifizierung.
Das durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) geförderte Projekt INA-Pflege PLUS zielt auf der Basis eines Wissenschafts-Praxis-Dialogs mittels kooperativer und partizipativer Formate auf die Sensibilisierung und Professionalisierung des Bildungspersonals in der Pflegehilfe/Pflege(fach)assistenzausbildung. Ziel ist, den Diskurs zu den Rahmenbedingungen und den Perspektiven von arbeitsorientierter Grundbildung in der Pflege weiter zu erhellen.
To guarantee the safety of medical devices, including embedded systems, it is essential to consider both electronic components and the natural environment during validation and verification. In contrast to prior research, we present a hardware-in-the-loop environment that connects a real medical system to a biological model in real time for validation, including the modeling of the mechanical component of the heart valves in addition to the modeling of the electrical conduction and electrical stimulation of the heart chambers. Our model accounts for the dynamic adaptation of the temporal processes in the heart chambers to the pacing frequency of the individual chambers as a function of the action potential. This study investigates two additional risk factors affecting the heart under different conditions: pacemaker syndrome and electrical stimulation during the vulnerable phase. Both can be life-threatening to the patient if left untreated.
In implementing our concept on a physical pacemaker connected to our software-based model of the heart, we discovered that the test pacemaker was unable to generate the required heart rate in three of the scenarios we tested. Additionally, our tests revealed occurrences of pacemaker syndrome and stimulation in the vulnerable phase.
The aim was to implement uncertainty calculation for detecting the negative effects of smoking on the bone density of the paranasal sinus. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 male participants aged 20 to 44 were included in the study and divided into two groups. The first group comprised individuals with minimal harmful habits, while the second group consisted of individuals who had been smoking for at least 10 years, consuming 1 to 2 packs of cigarettes per day. Results Bone density has a negative impact on the bone tissue of the upper wall of the maxillary sinus. The findings suggest that individuals with a pronounced decrease in minimum density, as well as those with a marked difference between minimum and maximum density values, may require heightened medical attention due to potential associations with undiagnosed diseases or specific structural characteristics in the skull. Conclusions. The uncertainty calculation was implemented for the detection of negative effect of smoking on the bone density of paranasal sinuses. The calculated difference between maximum and minimum density during the research suggests significant medical implications, especially considering the heterogeneity of the trabecular bone structure in the skull. Individuals with a marked difference may require heightened medical attention, potentially associated with undiagnosed diseases or specific structural characteristics in the skull.
The Peculiarities of Measuring Bone Density in Males and Females Using Uncertainty Calculation
(2023)
The article discusses the approach to solving the problem of reducing time spent on the preparation of medical images for teaching neural networks, by reducing the time of creating masks for images. The task is considered on the example of processing images of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinus. The specifics of the task did not allow effectively using existing software solutions. During the study, a software solution was proposed, which made it possible to radically reduce the time of creating masks for images. The article also analyzes the shortcomings of the automated creation of masks, as well as the directions of their solution. The loss of time due to the adjustment of the color palette can be reduced even more to 1-2 minutes, the average deviation is 7.61%.
Background. There are many questions regarding the peculiarities of the course of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis, the likelihood of complications and the correct dosage of load during dental implantation. Purpose – to identify changes in minimal bone density in chronic odontogenic maxillary sinusitis and to compare it with chronic rhinogenic catarrhal maxillary sinusitis and physiological state of maxillary sinus. Materials and Methods. Our study involved 10 patients with chronic odontogenic maxillary sinusitis, 10 patients with chronic maxillary non-polyposis sinusitis of rhinogenic etiology, combined with hyperplasia of the sinus mucosa up to 1 cm. The control group comprised 10 patients with physiological condition of maxillary sinuses. In all subjects minimal bone density of superior, medial and inferior walls of maxillary sinus was analyzed. Results. The study showed that the maximum in physiological conditions is the minimal density of the upper wall of the maxillary sinus, the minimum is the lower wall. The minimal density of the lower wall was shown to undergo a statistically significant reduction in chronic catarrhal maxillary sinusitis only by 2%, the upper by 5%, the medial by 4% compared with the intact sinus, but with the odontogenic nature of maxillary sinusitis, this figure was 31% in the lower wall, 27% in the medial region. Only the density of the upper wall of the maxillary sinus remained quite stable, it decreased relative to the physiological one only by 6%. Conclusions. Minimal physiological densitometric parameters of lower, medial and upper walls were calculated. The reduction of minimal density of bone tissue in the cases of rhinogenic chronic catarrhal maxillary sinusitis. In the cases of chronic odontogenic maxillary sinusitis, maximum significant decrease of minimal density of both lower and medial walls is determined.
The article discusses the approach to solving the problem of reducing time spent on the preparation of medical images for teaching neural networks, by reducing the time of creating masks for images. The task is considered on the example of processing images of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinus. The specifics of the task did not allow effectively using existing software solutions. During the study, a software solution was proposed, which made it possible to radically reduce the time of creating masks for images. The article also analyzes the shortcomings of the automated creation of masks, as well as the directions of their solution. The loss of time due to the adjustment of the color palette can be reduced even more to 1-2 minutes, the average deviation is 7.61%.

