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The global education market is rapidly expanding and the number of students has increased significantly over the last years. Despite this positive development, German universities are affected by a high international competition. Prospective students can choose of a broad variety of educational products and will apply at several universities at the same time. To support marketing departments of higher education institutions, the paper provides a generic conceptual model on the decision-making process of potential international students including influencing parameters. Applying a scoping study and content analyses, the concept bases upon theoretical concepts in this field but also the latest empirical findings.
The aim of this inquiry is to deepen our understanding of the interactions between knowledge, technologies and institutions in socio-economic process by considering the affinities and divergences of Original Institutional Economics (OIE) and neo-Schumpeterian economics (NSE). Both strands of evolutionary economic thought recognize the importance of knowledge for human progress and the role of institutions in molding this process. OIE and NSE share a common perspective in what concerns (i) the role of knowledge for socio-economic change, (ii) the behavioral dimension of technology molded by institutions, and (iii) the role of purposeful evaluation in processes of institutional and technological change. Considering these commonalities, both strands of thinking could benefit from “joining forces”. Firstly, the conceptualization of how knowledge and technologies drive human progress from a neo-Schumpeterian perspective could very much benefit from the consideration of the value system and the power structure sustaining it as put forward by OIE. Values and power appear as key determinants channeling (or retaining) knowledge towards human progress. Moreover, the role of the value system as suggested by OIE could be operationalized and further developed to explain paths of socio-economic development drawing on the conceptualization of “selection mechanisms” as put forward by neo-Schumpeterian models.
In the last decades, laser machining of fused silica has gained in importance where the main challenge is to overcome the high transmission of this medium in order to achieve surface absorption. One approach is plasma treatment using hydrogenous process gases. In doing so, a near-surface glass layer is chemically modified by a removal of oxygen and an implantation of hydrogen, resulting in the formation of optically active defects and an increase in absorption. Against this background, the impact of the plasma power on plasma-induced increase in absorption of fused silica was investigated in the present work. Here, the highest efficiency of the plasma treatment process was found at the lowest applied plasma power whereas for higher plasma powers, a notably lower increase in absorption was observed. This effect is attributed to the decomposition of plasma species required for initiating the formation of optically active defects within the glass. Such decomposition increases with rising power due to the corresponding increase in electric field strength within the plasma. This finding is of substantial interest for an extensive understanding of plasma-glass interactions.
Sensitizing students to information security and privacy awareness with analogue gamification
(2019)
Many studies and investigations in the area of information security reveal a careless handling of sensitive data and insufficient information security awareness. Despite increasing digitization, which has a huge impact on society as a whole, we tend not to pay enough attention to the risks associated with it. But research shows that the mere transfer of knowledge is not enough to cause behavioural changes. Rather, a systemic approach that can bring about the necessary emotionalization and reflection through analogue game-based learning is helpful.
The European Leniency Program constitutes an important part of the anti-cartel enforcement and thus of the protection of sound competition. By offering incentives to cartel members, illegal detrimental agreements can be detected and penalized in order to stop infringement of the internal market. Companies willing to participate in the European Leniency Program however have to evaluate whether the offered incentives, i.e. full or partial immunity from fines, outweighs the possible risk resulting from private enforcement. With the Directive on Antitrust Damages Actions, the harmonized, effective enforcement of antitrust damage claims shall be ensured. The possibility of private enforcement constitutes a major threat to leniency applicants. It is the European Commissions’ task and challenge to design an anti-cartel enforcement providing sufficient incentives for whistleblowers, while concurrently strengthening individuals suffering from cartels. The results show the dilemma and contradiction between the protection of the individual by strengthening the private enforcement and the need for an appealing leniency program.
The BERMUDA project started in January 2015 and was successfully completed after less than three years in August 2017. A technical set-up and an image processing and analysis software were developed to record and evaluate multi-perspective videos. Based on two cameras, positioned relatively far from one another with tilted axes, synchronized videos were recorded in the laboratory and in real life. The evaluation comprised the background elimination, the body part classification, the clustering, the assignment to persons and eventually the reconstruction of the skeletons. Based on the skeletons, machine learning techniques were developed to recognize the poses of the persons and next for the actions performed. It was, for example, possible to detect the action of a punch, which is relevant in security issues, with a precision of 51.3 % and a recall of 60.6 %.
This article deals with the development of a laminar thin film at the outlet area of a disk turbine. The increasing relative velocities at the outlet -caused by the expansion of the working fluid and the reduction of the cross- section area- are reducing the turbine efficiency, resulting in a lower power output and a higher fuel consumption. To overcome this, a certain amount of the working fluid shall condensate at the disk wall propagating a laminar thin film. Within the liquid film higher shear forces will be transported and therefore the power transfer to the disk optimized. Furthermore, and most important, due to the differences in the specific volume between the liquid and the gaseous phase, the volume flow of the gaseous phase is reduced and therefore the relative velocities are effectively reduced, resulting in a higher turbine efficiency.
In this paper, we explain the development of an analysis tool (Wildau Information System Evaluation [WISE] Work Index) for exploring the adoption of innovative E-Government applications and for presenting preliminary results regarding the application “eAkte”. We argue that the innovation processes characterized by the use of E-Government applications and tools continually transform the division of labour and the organizational aspects of work in uncertain ways. In some cases, adopting E-Government tools might exert a negative influence on work effectiveness and efficiency. A continuous evaluation and a participative redesigning of E-Government applications might help to avoid negative adopting habits in E-Government. Our research goal is to improve our WISE Work Index which aims at analysing the adoption of E-Government tools among public sector employees. Through our index, we explore how public employees use new E-Government tools in their day-to-day work, how they perceive the usefulness of the tools, and how they adapt their former working routines to the new IT environment. Implementing our index makes it possible to monitor the impact of using E-Government online services as well as their content and to offer concrete suggestions to public managers about ways to enhance the public value of their information and communication technologies (ICT) including employees' views on actively co-designing the public informational services.
A project was funded by the European Union to build foundations for a virtual laboratory where experimental and theoretical results could be combined into an audio-visual interactive presentation through the use of modern computers. The process of thin film growth and modification by energetic ion beams was chosen as the first topic for this new educational tool.
Different models for thin film growth are developed and compared to experimental results in the presentation. Particular examples include spiral formation, modelled using cellular automata, island growth using Monte-Carlo methods and the first few layers of growth using classical molecular dynamics. Most of the examples are related to the growth of C60 films for which a number of experimental results had been obtained and previously reported in this journal [1]. The principle property under investigation was the structure and morphology of the films. Nine separate computer movies of the dynamics of these processes were developed on a fast PC under Windows95 and incorporated into a computer presentation made using the Authorware package. Experimental images obtained from a scanning force microscope were also included and compared to the computer models along with music and verbal explanation. In addition to the interactive version of the multi-media presentation, a non-interactive version was also made which is suitable for lectures or conference presentation. This version lasts approximately 25 minutes. Approximately 100 CD's of this work were made and are being distributed to various laboratories. A copy of the CD is available on request.
A number of industrial waste waters show a non balanced compostion of inorganic nutrients, caused in the specific production process. In independence of the waste water treatment plant, the biodegradability rate of these sewage is often limited by several parameters. The consequences are a high susceptibility to trouble and problems to observe the limits of COD and other parameters. Subsequently a modified method of evolutive strategies is described as an alternative to the classical methods to eliminate limiting factors. The results are based on industrial waste water containing high amounts of surfactants (12.000 mg/l COD).
The frequent overstepping of ozone boundary thresholds and the ensuing discussions as to whether and in what way regional measures designed to limit emissions of ozone precursers could contribute to a reduction in ozone production were to starting point for a measuring project initiated by the governments of the two federal states in the Berlin-Brandenburg region. The structure of emissions in the region and the latter's weak orographic structure, with comparatively simple air current patterns, make this region a nearly ideal area for an investigation of the links between ozone formation and emission of ozone precursors.
The purpose of the project was in the first instance to improve knowledge of the chemical and meteorological processes which cause the formation of high ozone concentrations, and also to assess the effectiveness of regional emissions-reducing measures by means of photochemical model calculations.
It is demonstrated how new microscopes with atomic resolution in combination with modern fast computers and computational techniques can be used in a complementary way in the analysis and explanation of crystal growth on surfaces. Examples are given of spiral formation, fractal growth, fullerene formation and the growth of C60 films.
Laser ablation from solid fullerene pellet and textured graphite targets has been probed for deposition of thin fullerite and diamond-like carbon (DLC) films by means of a pulsed C02 laser. Ablation of fullerene material does not yield fullerite films, but results in amorphous pregraphitic carbon structures. At very low laser flux structural transformations are observed with increasing exposure time. These thermal effects cannot completely decompose the fullerenes without increase of the laser power density. Thermal evaporation is a suitable method to deposite fullerite fllms of high quality, thus epitaxial fullerite films are grown on mica. Sandwich C60/DLC structures are produced by laser deposition which show a sharp interface as can be deduced from the superposition of the characteristic Raman spectra of the fullerite and the DLC.
In the TQM system, the quality of knowledge and education are the first goals and tasks. To realize these goals and tasks, the selection of the teacher is a key factor because the teacher is involved in planning, doing, checking, acting and advancing of the educational process. "A quality teacher" can be described by numerous both measurable and not measurable indicators such as: education, diligence, moral, talent and predisposition for the profession, humanity and adherence to principals, ability for doing research etc.
The ability for doing research can easily be checked having in mind the results of the scientific work of the teacher, but it is difficult to judge the abilities of the teacher to work on the problems the students face in the process of acquiring new teaching material.
Another specificity is that the selection of the teacher at the university is a continuous process. At each next promotion the criteria repeat, but the knowledge must evolve.
Therefore, by TQM system the criteria of selection a teacher must be defined in details and very preciously, as a barrier in front of which the candidate will ask himself: "Do I have a right to be a teacher?"
The following optical spectroscopy methods used to study of liquid crystals have been discussed: infrared, visible and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence depolarization and Raman scattering. It has been shown, that using these methods the long-range orientational order in uniaxial liquid crystalline phases as well as some direction-dependent spectroscopic molecular properties of compounds under investigation can be determined.
Since the beginning of nineties Poland and other central European countries have undergone significant economical transformation. It needs the enormous work to be done, using the best methods and ways available. As such also the introduction of the “new culture” into organisations is regarded. Paper deals with the role of the enterprise culture in quality management in Poland. At the beginning, after some historical and actual remarks concerning economy, the meaning of the enterprise culture is defined as well as its symptoms are presented. Then the main elements of shaping enterprise culture in Polish enterprises are described. The conditions of culture introduction to these organisations are reviewed in two spheres: external and internal. National features of Poles in implementation of culture into enterprises are also considered and its role is shown. Examples of original enterprise culture are presented and shortly the Polish Quality Award is characterized.
The idea of assistance of different tools in introduction of Life Cycle Management of products and services to the organizations in Poland and other Central and Eastern European countries is presented in this paper. First, Total Quality Management, ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 standards are analyzed as a tools which could support this process, but special attention is paid to Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). According to environmental management systems scheme organisations of all kinds are concerned to achieve and demonstrate the sound environmental performance and they have to establish and maintain the procedures for examining and assessing the environmental effects of their activities, products or services. Among the best in this field methods is just LCA. It is the process of evaluating the environmental effects by identifying and quantifying the environmental loads or interventions, i. e. the amount of energy and raw materials used and the amount of emissions and wastes released into the environment. In this paper the goals of LCA are listed and main applications are presented.
Pop-up stores are considered an alternative or a further development of the pioneering flagship store concept. They describe a temporary store concept that displays products in an unexpected way to attract the consumers’ attention (Hutter 2013). So far, this store format has mainly been applied to the USA and the UK, and has been insufficiently studied. This paper summarizes interim results of a pilot study on pop-up stores, which focuses on identifying factors for their success.
The article is devoted to the development of the objective function for calculating the parameters of a terminal network in a region. The key parameters of a terminal network, as logistic system, are described. The factors influencing the parameters of a terminal network are analyzed, and the objective function, concerning the value and qualitative aspects for determining the transport and spatial/quantitative parameters proposed. The level of service quality for the clients is also taken into account. The heuristic solution method, and the results of the approach are demonstrated with the help of an application example concerning different combinations of distribution.
In recent years, 3D movies and streaming films have become increasingly popular. Even mobile devices, such as mobile phones and tablet computers, are becoming more popular, more powerful and have better multimedia capabilities. Nevertheless, compact mobile devices to broadcast live 3D videos in real time are barely available. In this article, we provide a modular and mobile solution that allows 3D video streaming in real time at 25 frames per second and with a resolution of 1280 × 720 pixels (720p). As operating system, we use standard hardware components combined with Android. Furthermore, we will describe the restraints of the development, and how they were solved.
Integrated photonic devices have gained increasing research interests. Especially silicon photonics have become very attractive for various optical applications. Using silicon-on-insulator as a material platform provides the ability to fabricate photonic devices with electronic devices on a single chip. Driven by substantial research investments, the integration of photonic devices on silicon-on-insulator substrates has reached a degree of maturity that already permits industrial adoption. However, silicon has the disadvantage of linear electro-optical effects, and, therefore, advanced modulation formats are difficult to realize when using silicon-based high-speed modulators. Hence, a new approach was proposed: the silicon-organic hybrid technology. This technology is a viable extension of the silicon-on-insulator material system for efficient high-speed modulation. We herewith present our theoretical and experimental investigations of the silicon-organic hybrid slot-waveguide ring resonator. The advanced device design is described in detail, which allows using both, the efficient silicon-on-insulator strip-waveguides and the silicon-organic hybrid slot-waveguides in single ring resonator. For the first time, we report the transmission spectra of such a resonator covered with an electro-optical polymer.
This paper introduces procedures, which facilitate the development of as well as the linking between modular data processing processes into different and versatile system solutions. Based on the concept of data flow diagrams (Yourdon 1989), processes and data flows are used. With the ability of a process to harness any amount of in- and outputs with different sources and destinations, it is possible to model any conceivable data processing problem. By aggregating a diagram as a new process, it becomes possible to outsource partial process chains to different abstraction levels. As a result, even very complex solutions can be modeled and explained in a clear way. The introduced uniform termination flow while traversing the graph creates a good readability, which also makes it possible to quickly detect weaknesses. Moreover, this solution is comprehensive and advances the cooperation in teams and development.
Increasing interest in the application of the thermochemical storage or adsorption heat pumps for utilization of industrial waste heat and solar heat stimulated several experimental and theoretical studies on short and long term heat storage (Tchernev, 2001, Mittelbach et al., 2000, Hauer et al.,1999) as well as heat driven heat pumps (Meunier,, 1986, Dieng, and Wang, 2001). However, less attention was paid to the properties of the porous materials such as common zeolites, silica gels or aluminosilicates which are mainly designed for catalysis and adsorption technologies but are not optimized for thermochemical heat storage applications. In recent years some new storage materials were suggested and characterized such as the so called composite adsorbens (Levitskij et al., 1996, Jänchen et al., 2000) which have considerable high storage densities, a low charging temperature but their temperature lift is limited. Very recently (Jänchen, et al., 2002) we suggested the introduction of the AlPO4’s for heat storage and heat transformation purposes. AlPO4’s are zeolites-like microporous materials, which are mildly hydrophilic and may have the potential to close the gap between silica gels and zeolites in respect to the optimization of the adsorption strength of the water and the ability to be desorbed at mild conditions. Those microporous aluminophosphates can be modified by incorporation of some silicon into the lattice to tailor their adsorption properties with respect to the water adsorption/desorption properties. The aim of this paper is to characterize the state of the art of the optimization of those new thermochemical storage materials, based on recent results, as an starting point for a continuation of the this project.
Organic electronics is a fast growing fi eld of research and technological developments. First applications based on organic electronics have been available on the market for a couple of years, so high resolution colour displays based on organic light-emitting devices are used in digital cameras or mobile phones. Efforts are still going on to find better materials and for a better understanding structure property relationships of organic semiconductors. Although exemplary applications have been realized from polymers and amorphous layers of evaporable molecular materials, crystalline organic semiconductors receive intense attention because the charge-carrier mobilities in these materials are much higher than in polymers or amorphous layers. After optimizing the electronic properties of organic devices (e.g. organic field-effect transistors or organic light emitting diodes) and demonstration of fundamental devices, attention has turned to morphology and composition of the films. Understanding and controlling the morphology of organic films will have a signifi cant impact on the performance of organic-based devices, e.g. by minimizing the number of grain boundaries in the active region of an organic fieldeffect transistor (OFET)
Supplier Development in the Procurement Process at MTU Aero Engines (Focus on Suppliers of Services)
(2005)
In general, the procurement function of a company includes all activities of providing means for achieving its objectives. Traditionally the purchasing function has not played an important role, but recently the procurement has become more important, because the vertical range of manufacture has decreased and resulted in an increasing volume of purchased goods. Furthermore, the importance of procurement will further increase in the future!
Presently, about 8 million metric tons of polyurethanes are produced in the world annually. During production of precursors, semi-finished products and final products about 5 to 10 % of this amount is waste, i. e. an amount of about half a million tons. To this add the products after their life cycle. This is a large source of material which should not be given to landfills or incinerators but be used as secondary materials for the production of new polyurethanes.
This paper describes a modified process to produce polyester polyols from PET wastes derived from the “bottle fraction residue” of the German Dual System (DSD) [11] employing a waste oligoester condensate of the polyesterification process with the addition of some glycols of longer chain and occasional modification with further dicarboxylic acids to produce polyester polyols of a broad range of properties which are further reacted to form polyurethane or polyisocyanurate rigid foams for insulation, construction materials, or coatings.
Increasing raw material costs and more stringent regulations have led to more pressure to develop customer-oriented recycling processes for polyurethanes. Furthermore, waste disposal runs into increasing costs for the producers while old methods of disposal are prohibited legally, both in the US and Europe. One way to solve this problem is to develop a well-suited process and plant for a customer specialised procedure to re-use the waste material obtained for each type of polyurethane product. Based on the previously described simultaneous glycolysis and aminolysis of polyurethanes in this paper, we will report on first results on larger scale recycling of some polyurethane products. While we were initially focused on the use of the recycling products (recycling polyols) to produce new types of polyurethanes, e. g. from cold moulded foams sealants or coatings, the philosophy had to be changed to use the recycling polyols as much as possible to produce the same materials as originally. This route was consequently developed further to other polyurethane products and the incorporation of the recycling polyols into original premixes to be reacted with isocyanates.
The assessment of different sleep stages and their disorders in diseases is an important part of telematic medicine. With an electroencephalogram, the different stages of sleep can be monitored and classified with respect to brain activity. By means of modern data management such as the patient monitor ixTrend, for example, the data can be recorded for long sleep phases and evaluated by a computer using appropriate software, such as Dataplore. Here, a new mathematical model for the automated classification of sleep stages is introduced. The statistical method of autocorrelation, applied to six known sleep stages, was extended by one new class for unknown signals. Due to this new class, it is not necessary to sort all recorded EEG signals into one of the known classes, thereby, minimising the probability of errors. Further, the dependence of the error probability on the duration of the analysed EEG signal was assessed. A minimal error probability of pmin = 0.15 was detected. Exemplary data for one patient are reported.
Legacy of European enterprise: teaching business history in the International Management curriculum
(2014)
Business history can be a valuable, even critical element in teaching international management – not only at elite institutions and at postgraduate level, but at universities of applied sciences and in undergraduate education, too. It is specifically relevant for programs with a focus on Europe.
Students should be given a chance to discover common and connected pasts of European enterprise. The article offers a rationale for curriculum integration and discusses case selections and teaching methods for non-historians. Five exemplary themes are presented: East India companies, financial market bubbles, telegraphy, the Suez Canal, and the emergence of airlines.
China sent shock waves through the global recycling market last year when it announced it would no longer be accepting poor qualities of recyclable waste from foreign exporters – the so-called green fence action started in the beginning of year 2013. The answer should be a wave of innovation and investment in recycling technology tocatalyze successful recycling markets in the west. This could include more sophisticated handling and treatment techniques and more high-technology processing plants. In the case of PET from returnable bottles we developed a process of chemical recycling to produce feedstocks for several technical applications. Aromatic polyester polyols (APP) are a major class of raw materials to produce polyurethanes.
The logistics field of knowledge and professional competence is highly multidisciplinary and complex but also continuously and very dynamically developing. This does not only require constant updating of educational programmes but also systematic training of logistics professionals in order to avoid or reduce professional competence gaps. Workplace learning amongst others in combination with e-learning methodology seems to be an appropriate way to support professional competence development in logistics, too. The paper presents some research aspects particularly related to logistics competence profiling and development and derives conclusions on nowadays competence requirements with logistics professionals. This forms the basis for introducing a framework to help in specifying a person’s level of logistics competence, recommending suitable learning units and supporting individual competence development as it results from the EU-funded lot4eng.com project. E-learning design to populate the lot4eng.com portal is discussed before lessons learned and conclusions on further work are derived. With this the paper wants to contribute to ongoing research on how to foster lifelong learning.
A domain specific language for the automatic generation of parsers classes for text protocols
(2014)
ABNF is a language for the definition of the formal syntax of technical specifications and is widely used for the definition of textual protocol messages of many internet protocols. The automatic generation of parser classes for ABNF specifications is currently very limited, because ABNF only defines the transfer syntax of the text messages and does not define names for the set of production rules. The lack of name definitions within ABNF rules does not allow to automatically generate expressiveness and meaningful program code for ABNF specifications. In this paper we present X-ABNF, which is a domain-specific language (DSL) for the definition of name-bindings for ABNF rules. The name-bindings with X-ABNF facilitates to generate a concise and meaningful code for an ABNF specification. Additionally, we show that the name-binding can also be used for language extensions through macro programming to dynamically access ABNF encoded text data within source code. We have used Xtext and Xtend for the implementation of the language grammar of ABNF and X-ABNF, which provide good tool support and code generation capabilities.
The progress of learners in the acquisition of a new language (L2) is often measured by standards set for teaching in the 1950’s by behaviourism. according to this view, the learner’s language is considered to be an incorrect version of the target language and mistakes are explained in terms of lack of practice. This approach was proved inaccurate by later language acquisition theories and research. Now it has been shown that the process of L2 development is characterized by both positive changes and regresses. L2 develops under the influence of many factors with formal instruction being only one of them. The L2 development depends on how the brain processes information, the cognitive maturity of the learner, previous linguistic experience, time limitations, the individual’s phychological characteristics and the social circumstances of learning. This paper examines three models of second language acquisition and teaching methods based on these models, with a specific focus on the characteristics of the learners’ developing speech. The facts in the article provide a better understanding of the ongoing learning process and can be used for the interpretation of classroom results.
The aim of this report is to present the results of activities recently undertaken by the UAS Wildau Centre of Competence for Teaching in English in order to illustrate the importance of the provision of English language support to the teaching staff in tertiary education. The article will focus on four main subjects: Reasons for setting up the Centre of Competence for Teaching in English, The role and position of the Centre, locally, nationally and Europe-wide, Key issues concerning teaching in English at tertiary level, Future activities. The report will argue that support for teachers is needed in order to not only meet the demands of universities for internationalization but also the demands of students who want to study in English. English language support for the teaching staff is therefore an issue that should take a high priority at universities where the traditional focus has been on the students’ language needs and not on the teachers’ language needs. Without a sustainable language programme and support for teachers there is a danger that some universities will not be able to benefit properly from the desire of foreign students to come to Germany to study.
The author carried out a project on this subject and presented the results at CTR’s Open Day on 23rd March 2012 at King’s College in London [Eylert: 2012]. The key point of the study is the role of services in the telecommunication business and its development in the role of social networks in modern telecommunication media. The report takes a look at the implication of new services in mobile telecommunications regarding their influence on the society and vice versa. A specific example is given in the use of Facebook through smartphones.
The development of supply chain management includes the capacities coordination among the processes that integrate it, so much in the operative plan as in the strategic one. This problem could be allocated to the classic job shop scheduling problems of the Operations Research. In such direction, a second generalization of the calculation algorithm of the production, logistics and service capacities is formulated starting from the one reached previously by the own authors. With this generalization it is facilitated to carry out the calculations of capacity at the supply chain level and of each one of the processes. The generality‘s application is flexible to processes of production, transport, storage, administration and for service. The capacities of each process of the supply chain are expressed in the magnitudes of the final demand of products and services in the consumer, considering the losses and returns along the supply chain. A study case is presented to demonstrate the possibility of use in one field, but it is explained the possibility to use in different fields, from the production of aluminum carpentry to services related to medical equipments.
A metamodel-based ASN.1 editor and compiler for the implementation of communication protocols
(2013)
In the software industry many metamodel-based tools and approaches have been developed to support the creation of programming and especially domain specific languages (DSL). An example of these tools is eclipse Xtext, which has gained much popularity in the model-driven software engineering (MDSE) community. In this article we investigate whether Xtext and related metamodel-based approaches can also be used to implement the ASN.1 specification that was standardized by the ITU-T. The metamodel-based approach for the implementation of the ASN.1 specification allows to treat ASN.1 documents as software models, so that these ASN.1 models can be interrelated with other models (e.g. state machines). Our results show that relatively little efforts are required to create a basic implementation of this standard with good tool support. However, some details of the implementation are quite difficult to realize because they touch the limits of feasibility. This concerns in particular the parser generator and the complex metamodel.
In 2009 the „icampus Wildau“ project started at the Technical university of applied sciences in Wildau. It is a project mainly driven by students of the Telematics course under the guidance of prof. Dr. Janett mohnke. The main goal is to set up a mobile and multilingual on-campus-information system, providing visitors, students and employees a quick and clear overview of the facilities of the different university domains as well as information about special events. Besides highlights in the field of software development such as programming smartphone and rich internet applications, the icampus project team develops and evaluates an indoor localization system in the university’s library that is based on active RFID technology, working in the 2.4GHz ISM-band and opensource software, namely “openbeacon”. Reaching the main target, which is stabilization of localization results and universal usage in almost every critical constructional area, is achieved by the adaptation of the RFID tag’s firmware and the further development of localization algorithms. Detailed descriptions from the hardware and software side as well as a discussion of the perspective of this technology will be made in this paper.
A software architecture for intelligent facility management based on complex event processing
(2012)
This article presents an architectural suggestion for an intelligent management system which evaluates data using artificial intelligence. The architecture uses complex event processing in order to gain high flexibility when connecting the individual components. As an illustration of the components and their interaction a facility management system is used as an example.
The implementation of communication protocols is an important development task that appears frequently in software projects. This article is a vision paper that describes the components of the currently available implementation strategies and problems that arise. The article introduces the main existing protocol engineering techniques and puts them into the context of model driven software development. At the end a methodology is introduced for the automatic generation of manager interfaces of Device Agent protocols for the use in a distributed component oriented environment, using ASN.1 and SDL. This article describes the preliminary results of the MOSES project (model-driven software engineering of distributed embedded systems) which is funded by the German ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). In this project the authors are concentrating on medical and facility management areas where they have particular experiences.
Air Cargo forms a significant part of civil aviation and played a central role in the growth of world trade in the era of globalisation. International terrorists have become aware of this importance and launched their first direct attack from Yemen in 2010. In this paper the characteristics of air cargo in regard to security issues will be discussed. It can be shown that a certain amount of risk remains in spite of improved protection strategies, but tightening security restrictions too much could have an even worse impact by strangling world trade flows.
Based on a previously published (Peshkov 2011) synthesis route of nanoscale oligourea dispersion polyols (NODP) a new type of polyurethanes with a polyurea matrix was developed. Polyurethanes with high hardness and elasticity were prepared by reacting a formulation based on the NODP’s and di- or polyisocyanates. The polyurethanes obtained as films were characterised by mechanical tests and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The phase structure depends on the amount of nanoparticles present, the isocyanate index, and the mode of curing. It is suggested that nanoparticles have to be of similar size as the matrix into which they are embedded to show a typical nano- effect such as shown here. These elastic polymers show an unusual high Shore D hardness of some 70 and tensile strength up to 47 MPa at elongations at break of 7 %.
For the Framework Research Program 7 funded project »Academic Careers Understood through Measurement and Norms« (ACUMEN), addressing the current discrepancy between the broader social and economic functions of scientific and scholarly research in all fields of the sciences, social sciences and the humanities and the dominant criteria for evaluating performance by researchers, it was necessary to have a concept what allowed to substantiate the gender dimension during the different research activities. The present paper shows the steps adapting a methodological oriented concept, developed systematically for health care studies to the other subject. It summarizes some points identifi ed as possibly relevant and adapted especially for surveys and the qualitative interviews to know more about measuring of scientifi c output of scientists. The deduced procedures and advices are structured with regard to the research concept, the research design/questions, the methods and data collection, the data analysis and interpretation just like title, abstract, diction and visualization of reports as several research project steps. By using the adapted concept were deduced model questions for surveys and interviews, which are planned by ACUMEN partners.
In the 1980s in the area of Second Language Acquisition we saw the development of communicative approaches to language learning. This was led by the utilization of the Presentation-Practice-Production method, which aimed to enable learners to acquire greater communicative effectiveness in their target language. There have, however, been doubts raised about whether the Presentation-Practice-Production method effectively reaches its own goals. This has resulted in a new approach called Task-Based Language Teaching which sets the task at the centre of language learning. According to this theory the primary goal of language acquisition is the ability to deal with a wide variety of tasks in the target language. Everything that happens in the classroom should be directed at accomplishing this target. This paper seeks to present Task-Based Language Teaching and its principles in the context of communicate effectiveness, to define the new roles of both learner and teacher and to examine some of the challenges which this methodology presents to everyone involved in the learning process.
Nanostructured ferritic oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloy is an ideal candidate for fission/fusion power plant materials, particularly in the use of a first-wall and blanket structure of a next generation reactor. These steels usually contain a high density of Y-Al-O nanoparticles, high dislocation densities and fine grains. The material contains nanoparticles with an average diameter of 21 nm. Irradiation of these alloys was performed with a dual beam irradiation of 2.5 MeV Fe+/31 dpa and 350 keV He+/18 appm/dpa. Irradiation causes atomic displacements resulting in vacancy and self-interstitial lattice defects and dislocation loops. Additionally to structural changes, the effect of the irradiation generated defects on the mechanical properties of the ODS is investigated by nanoindentation. A clear hardness increase in the irradiated area is observed, which reaches a maximum at a close surface region. This feature is attributed to synergistic effects between the displacement damage and He implantation resulting in He filled vacancies
The synthesis of polyurea dispersion polyols (PHD) was developed using a new route via depolymerization of polyurethane polyureas by a mixture of at least two glycols in the presence of a consumable catalyst, i. e. a secondary aliphatic amine. On this way such polyols were produced with a particle size distribution with a maximum in the 120 to 400 nanometer region with hydroxyl numbers of 180 to 300 mg KOH/g being optically clear and highly reactive. The exact adjustment of the ethylene oxide content of the reaction mixture together with that of the polyether polyol originally present in the polyurethane polyurea used in a predetermined range of surface tension as well as specific reaction conditions leads to these polyols which will give in turn polyurethanes with exceptional properties.
The method of optimum control of the complex multivariate objects, based on the account of situations during the moment of acceptance of operating decisions is offered. The method allows to reduce the initial problem of management complicated for the decision, to set of more simple consistently solved problems representing the modified initial problem. The method is realized in a control system of the variable structure combining principles of centralized and decentralized management.
The method of decomposition for complex multivariate problems of management, based on the account of situations during the moment of acceptance of operating decisions is offered. Unlike known methods of decomposition, it does not show special requirements to structure of a problem of management. Assumes data of an initial problem of management to the modified problem considering situations, and a problem of identification of the situations, solved in common at two levels.
A method is presented to determine the concentration of the carcinogen 4,4’-diamino diphenyl methane (MDA) in polyols derived from polyurethane flexible foam solvolysis by combination of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The first step of the method is the separation of the MDA containing fraction by SEC while the second step consists in the quantitative analysis of the MDA amount by GC/MS. Quantitation limits of the method are lower than 0.05 % MDA in the polyol samples with an accuracy of ± 12 % of the determined values.
The COMBLE project defines new and innovative models for the use of Blended learning in different educational backgrounds (vocational training, enterprises, universities, public bodies). To use the potentials of Blended learning a European wiki-based community called Methopedia will be established. By contributing to the development of Blended learning COMBLE supports ICT relevant methods that are indispensable for lifelong learning in Europe. Moreover, COMBLE will address to management-level, learners and trainers at the same time. We will develop a number of products - an applied reference model of Blended Learning, an expert course for trainers, and a European Blended Learning Driver’s Licence within the overall frame of the Methopedia. These products support the development of a community for best practices and the use of Blended Learning to be used in all educational contexts. Moreover, the quality of education and training in Europe will be enhanced by improving innovative Blended Learning concepts. COMBLE supports the successful implementation of Blended learning methods and strategies in the formal learning context of Vocational training, Continued Professional Development and Higher education systems. By working closely with application partners COMBLE develops practical, situated and innovative Blended Learning methods.
Genomics technologies, especially transcriptional profiling, allows comparisons of gene expression within and across different organisms. By the use of the model group Tardigrada, also known as water bear, we try to understand the phenomenon of cryptobiosis. The dry organisms can survive for years without water. When re-exposed to water, the animals rehydrate and come back to life. The expression of genes in response to dehydratation and rehydratation is being examined in our laboratory through the generation of expressed sequence tags (ESTs), representational difference analysis (RDA) and subsequent microarray analysis. Molecular dissection of this complex phenomenom, including gene regulation, will allow the development of techniques for preservation and stabilisation of biological materials in a dried state.
Prostate cancer is one of the most common causes of death in men. In this work a siRNA screen of around 1500 cancer-relevant genes was performed using 3 different cell lines (VCaP, LAPC-4, RWPE-1). A novel technique, the living cell array, was initiated in order to obtain information about the biology of Androgeninduced growth in prostate tumour cell lines. This technique is based on the principal of reverse transfection [1] and genes are knocked down by siRNAs. The cells on the living cell array were set under stress by reduction of the androgens in the media while the proliferation and apoptosis were quantified. The statistical analysis of the data implicates the success of the screen and shows that this method is suitable for large-scale experiments.
This paper is directed to the development of a new type of branched aromatic polyester polyols (APP) based on PET wastes designed to produce high quality polyurethanes (PUR). To this end, a modifi ed transesterification of PET by a glycol mixture was used and simultaneously small amounts of triols were incorporated into the reaction mixture. By this method, a series of branched APP’s with hydroxyl numbers in the range of 260 to 380 mg KOH/g and hydroxyl functionalities between 2.00 and 2.30 was received. The viscosity of the products increased slowly with the functionality in the range of 2.03 to 2.12 and sharper beyond this value. An optimum of properties was found in each series of APP with hydroxyl numbers of 260, 320, and 380 mg KOH/g, resp. with respect of viscosity, long term stability and hydroxyl functionality. APP with a higher hydroxyl functionality are useful to produce cast polyurethane resins, those with lower hydroxyl numbers for coatings, e. g. of leather.
The efficient transport of goods is an important issue for realising cargo flows between industries and customers. Nowadays, primarily road transportation is used across Europe leading to tremendous negative side-effects for the environment and European citizens. Therefore new methods and approaches for sustainable surface transport shall be taken into consideration, as continuously promoted by politics and increasingly accepted by commercial enterprises in the European transport sector. Intermodal transport holds significant potentials for more sustainable transport processes, but requires also a sophisticated understanding of process design and transport management compared with monomodal transport. The handling of complex and divergent intermodal processes and interfaces is the most critical factor for using intermodal transport. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), such as IT-solutions for strategic aspects of intermodal transport planning and promotion, can help interested transport and logistics users, promotion agencies and educational organisations. The article describes the needs for such ICT-solutions regarding intermodal transport operations and addresses the complexity of the concerned issue. The developed »Logistics Chain Generator« is introduced and compared with other planning tools. Finally, conclusions are drawn for the further development of this specific ICT market segment.
Taking for buildings a specific annual heat demand of 70 kWh/(m2*a) for heating plus 12.5 kWh/(m2*a) for hot water into account, by the measures of “Rational Use of Energy” the German fi nal energy demand in the private sector could be reduced by 300 TWh annually (same as up to hundred Mtons of CO2) (a = year). This paper will summarize some data for Germany compared to Turkey and evaluate the ecological feasibility of a 10 cm thick rockwool insulation of an outer building wall. The energy pay-back time for the locations Potsdam/Germany and Izmir/Turkey will be calculated and interpreted. Furthermore, this paper is to propagate energy conservation as an important tool (i) to save primary energy consumption, in order (ii) to reduce the import of fossil fuels and thus to strengthen the domestic economy, and (iii) to reduce the emission of the greenhouse gas CO2 and thus to decrease the climatic effect.
With the introduction of the Internet in the early 90th years of the last century, broadband demand has increased tremendously. As ISDN was the modern technology at that time, which has had its correspondence in the mobile world in the GSM technology, DSL and its evolution has its correspondence in UMTS/3G and its evolution into HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) and soon in LTE (Long Term Evolution). With the globalisation of our industries business has changed during the last 15 years. Employees are not anymore sitting eight hours a day in an office. They stroll around and need access to the Internet when out of office anytime anywhere. New categories have been born: the mobile worker and the mobile Internet. Does the mobile Internet have an implication on future communication’s behaviours of mobile workers? When mobile workers are already familiar with mobile broadband service access, do they need fixed broadband access in parallel? Would that be economical and productive? Some studies regarding the mobile Internet are already out. Researchers of Wildau University want to have more knowledge on this subject, but even more on the aspect, whether LTE could replace fixed broadband. Therefore, they have undertaken a study in the Berlin area to get a better understanding on different kinds of broadband access and give an answer to the question: LTE and Fixed Broadband – Competition or New Challenge? To put a long debate short, the answer is yes: LTE is a challenge and depending on the finance model it could be a strong competitor to fixed broadband as well.
The paper deals with experimental research and evaluation of abrasive waterjet cutting technology process by evaluation of technological factors, which infl uence the microgeometry (average roughness) of 10 mm thick stainless steel tooled workpiece surface through design of experiments. Signifi cance of six chosen process factors – independent variables (traverse rate, abrasive mass fl ow rate, pressure, J/T abbreviation and feeding direction that infl uence the surface quality has been evaluated by factors experiment type 26. The surface quality has been evaluated by static quality characteristic average roughness Ra. The multiple nonlinear regression equation obtained from ANOVA gives the level quality Ra as a function of the treatment factors. Different factor signifi cance has been found, which generated surface profi le under defined conditions by abrasive waterjet. The regression equations obtained from ANOVA and multiple linear regressions give the level quality Ra as a function of the treatment factors.