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The textile industry has long been criticized for irresponsible and dangerous labour conditions in its global supply chain, particularly in very poor Asian countries like Bangladesh. The April 2013 collapse of the Rana Plaza building in Bangladesh came to be a catalyst for reaching an agreement with international labour unions: the Bangladesh Safety Accord was created. This article analyses the Accord, the involvement of European fashion companies such as Primark, H&M and Inditex, the connection with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programmes, and the outlook for improved industry standards in manufacturing clothing.
Quantum dots increasingly gain popularity for in vivo applications. However, their delivery and accumulation into cells can be challenging and there is still lack of detailed information. Thereby, the application of advanced fluorescence techniques can expand the portfolio of useful parameters for a more comprehensive evaluation. Here, we encapsulated hydrophilic quantum dots into liposomes for studying cellular uptake of these so-called lipodots into living cells. First, we investigated photophysical properties of free quantum dots and lipodots observing changes in the fluorescence decay time and translational diffusion behaviour. In comparison to empty liposomes, lipodots exhibited an altered zeta potential, whereas their hydrodynamic size did not change. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), both combined with two-photon excitation (2P), were used to investigate the interaction behaviour of lipodots with an insect epithelial tissue. In contrast to the application of free quantum dots, their successful delivery into the cytosol of salivary gland duct cells could be observed when applying lipodots. Lipodots with different lipid compositions and surface charges did not result in considerable differences in the intracellular labelling pattern, luminescence decay time and diffusion behaviour. However, quantum dot degradation after intracellular accumulation could be assumed from reduced luminescence decay times and blue-shifted luminescence signals. In addition to single diffusing quantum dots, possible intracellular clustering of quantum dots could be assumed from increased diffusion times. Thus, by using a simple and manageable liposome carrier system, 2P-FLIM and 2P-FCS recording protocols could be tested, which are promising for investigating the fate of quantum dots during cellular interaction.
Drug delivery systems play a pivotal role in targeted pharmaceutical transport and controlled release at specific sites. Liposomes, commonly used as drug carriers, constitute a fundamental part of these systems. Moreover, the drug–liposome model serves as a robust platform for investigating interaction processes at both cellular and molecular levels. To advance our understanding of drug carrier uptake mechanisms, we employed fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), leveraging the unique benefits of two-photon (2P) excitation. Our approach utilized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) as a simplified model system for cell membranes, labelled with the amphiphilic fluorescent dye 3,3′-dioctadecyloxa-carbocyanine (DiOC18(3)). Additionally, large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) functioned as a drug carrier system, incorporating the spectrally distinct fluorescent sulforhodamine 101 (SRh101) as a surrogate drug. The investigation emphasized the diverse interactions between GUVs and LUVs based on the charged lipids employed. We examined the exchange kinetics and structural alterations of liposome carriers during the uptake process. Our study underscores the significance of employing 2P excitation in conjunction with FLIM and FCS. This powerful combination offers a valuable methodological approach for studying liposome interactions, positioning them as an exceptionally versatile model system with a distinct technical advantage.
"Bei der Entwicklung von Informationssystemen, die eine durchgängige Unterstützung aller in einem Unternehmen zu bewältigenden Abläufe bieten können, ist nicht in erster Linie von den Leistungsmerkmalen konkreter EDV-Systeme auszugehen. Vielmehr sind hierbei die strategischen Unternehmensziele sowie die für die Erfüllung dieser Ziele erforderlichen Vorgangsketten zugrunde zu legen. Die EDV-Technik dient dann lediglich der Umsetzung der unternehmerischen Zielsetzung mit Hilfe konkreter Informationssyssteme und sollte die freie Gestaltung von Arbeitsabläufen und Organisationskonzepten ermöglichen."[1]
Die Suche nach sicheren Konzepten, angepaßt an individuelle Unternehmensstrukturen, ist an unterschiedlichen Forschungseinrichtungen ein Thema. An der Nahtstelle zwischen den Fachbereichen Betriebswirtschaft und Maschinenbau ist dies auch an der Technischen Fachhochschule Wildau ein Thema.
Autocrats utilize (nominally) democratic elections, to claim procedural legitimation. To secure their political survival in these elections, they have an extensive menu of manipulation at their disposal. These manipulations are not only addressed at contestation but also inclusiveness of the elections. Although autocrats formally claim universal suffrage, informal restrictions and practices are implemented. Analyzing elections held between 1970 and 2020 in electoral autocracies, I find empiric evidence for strategic adjustments of suffrage rights as a response to electoral contexts.
Erinnerung an die Zukunft
(2020)
The following article investigates assessments of the Pacific Ocean as the ›sea of the future‹, following a Mediterranean past and an Atlantic present, and standing in a stark contrast to the ›exotic‹, marginalised view of its islands and shores. It analyses three German-language texts from the era of the Second World War: Egon Erwin Kisch’s travelogue Secret China (China geheim, 1933), Vicki Baum’s Hotel Shanghai (1939), and Alfred Döblin’s short expository text The Golden Gate (Das Goldene Tor, 1946). Despite the many variations in their portrayals of wars and crises, migrations and acculturations, breakdowns and new beginnings around the Pacific Ocean, all three authors evaluate the challenge posed by the transpacific triangle evolving around China, Japan, and the US to Europe’s self-postulated role as a leading continent. In that vein, they are (re-)activating a specific lieu de mémoire of a Pacific future in world affairs, in hopes of heightening transcultural self-understanding and self-positioning in times of crisis.
Protein interaction and protein imaging strongly benefit from the advancements in time-resolved and superresolution fluorescence microscopic techniques. However, the techniques were typically applied separately and ex vivo because of technical challenges and the absence of suitable fluorescent protein pairs. Here, we show correlative in vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy Förster resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET) and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy to unravel protein mechanics and structure in living cells. We use magnetotactic bacteria as a model system where two proteins, MamJ and MamK, are used to assemble magnetic particles called magnetosomes. The filament polymerizes out of MamK and the magnetosomes are connected via the linker MamJ. Our system reveals that bacterial filamentous structures are more fragile than the connection of biomineralized particles to this filament. More importantly, we anticipate the technique to find wide applicability for the study and quantification of biological processes in living cells and at high resolution.
The coffee sector’s active engagement with sustainability issues appears to be a relatively new phenomenon. Even newer is the necessity to deal with recycling and waste. Next to the waste produced by the “coffee to go” mobile drinking culture and coffee bars, the popularity of coffee capsules – i.e. single-use containers made of metal or plastics – is creating mountains of waste unknown to the traditional method of brewing coffee. The pioneer in this premium coffee sector has been Nespresso, a subsidiary and brand of the Swiss company Nestlé. Many other companies – from discount retailers to big-brand coffee shop chains like Starbucks – have copied Nespresso’s machine-and-capsule concept, adding to both the popularity and the waste problem. Next to the problem of waste production, coffee companies are addressing the problem of ethical sourcing. A key but by no means the only element is sourcing via “fair trade” schemes. Assuming that finding answers to these sustainability challenges can have a crucial impact on future sales, this article sets out to explore coffee companies’ sustainability programmes, using the examples of Nespresso and Starbucks. It finds that both firms engage in rather similar activities, but some critical differences can be identified. Both firms have a successful record in ethical sourcing. But neither has yet developed convincing waste solutions. Nespresso’s insistence on using aluminium for its capsules remains a critical issue.
The article investigates the correlation between the factors of enhancing traffic safety on highways and parameters of the economic growth in Russia and in countries with transition economy; such correlation does not always lead to traffic safety enhancement. As a rule, the population motorization (car density) level growth in such countries is not accompanied by efficient actions on accident rate decrease. Among the factors enhancing traffic safety on highways are the efficiency of traffic infrastructure planning (changing and removing traffic flows from cities’ centers, creation of a large amount of pedestrian and bicycle lanes separated from traffic flows) as well as harmonization of physical infrastructure and safety goals, ensuring conjugation of the developed transport infrastructure with the decrease of the share of private vehicle fleet and increase of the share of public transport.
Für beruflich Qualifizierte ist der Weg in die Hochschulen und Universitäten in den letzten Jahren einfacher geworden. Die heterogenen Wege der beruflich Qualifizierten ins Studium werden wir in diesem Artikel beleuchten und aufzeigen, wie wir in unseren Mathematikvorkursen an die Vorkenntnisse unserer Studieninteressierten anknüpfen. Eine unter beruflich qualifizierten Studieninteressierten durchgeführte Befragung soll mehr Aufschluss darüber geben, über welche unterschiedlichen Wege und aus welchen persönlichen Gründen beruflich Qualifizierte ein Studium aufnehmen. Da Mathematik im Studium gerade für beruflich Qualifizierte meist eine große Hürde darstellt, hat die Technische Hochschule Wildau ihr Vorkursangebot auf die heterogener werdende Studierendenschaft angepasst.