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The research on the new generation mobile networks is currently in the phase of defining the key technologies to make 6G successful. Hereby, the research project 6G NeXt is aiming to provide a tight integration between the communication network, consisting of the radio access as well as backbone network, and processing facilities. By the concept of split computing, the processing facilities are distributed over the entire backbone network, from centralised cloud to the edge cloud at a base station. Based on two demanding use cases, Smart Drones and Hologradic Communication, we investigate a joint communication and compute architecture that will make the application of tomorrow become reality.
Privatpiloten, die sich in der Allgemeinen Luftfahrt bewegen, sind häufig anderen Gefahren ausgesetzt, als Piloten großer Verkehrsflugzeuge. Gefahrensituationen bringen Piloten schnell an Wissenslücken und Kapazitätsgrenzen. Für Privatpiloten stellt dabei der Kontrollverlust im Flug die häufigste Unfallursache dar.
Das Forschungsvorhaben Virtual Instructor for General Aviation (VIGA) des Fachgebiets Luftfahrttechnik leistet einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Vermeidung dieser Unfälle. Ziel des Vorhabens ist es, ein Assistenzsystem zu entwickeln, das Privatpiloten frühzeitig mit Handlungsempfehlungen unterstützt, sobald diese in eine unkontrollierte Fluglage gelangen.
Dieser wissenschaftliche Beitrag stellt die Grundlagen des Forschungsvorhabens VIGA dar und beschreibt eine Konzepterstellung zur Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle von Assistenzsystemen der zivilen Luftfahrt unter Betrachtung der psychologischen Belastung in Notsituationen. Belastungssituationen beeinträchtigen sowohl die Wahrnehmung der Piloten, beispielsweise durch selektive Taubheit oder optische Täuschungen als auch die variierende Reaktionszeit des Piloten auf verschiedene Reize. Ziel ist es, eine geeignete Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle zu entwickeln, die jederzeit die Aufmerksamkeit des Piloten erlangt und Handlungsempfehlungen zielgerecht an diesen ausgibt. Erkenntnisse aus diesem Beitrag finden direkte Anwendung im Vorhaben VIGA.
Die Reduzierung von Fluglärm ist eine der wesentlichen Herausforderungen der Luftfahrtindustrie. Dies betrifft ebenso unbemannte Luftfahrtsysteme, die zukünftig eine signifikante Rolle im alltäglichen Leben spielen werden. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde im Fachgebiet Luftfahrttechnik der TH Wildau das energetische Potential von Winglets an Propellern („Proplets“) untersucht, deren Einsatz sowohl eine Verbesserung der aerodynamischen Effizienz als auch eine Minderung der Geräuschemission versprachen. Daher musste der akustische Einfluss dieser Proplets präzise bestimmt werden.
In diesem Beitrag wird erstmals die Geräuschemission eines mit Proplets ausgerüsteten Propellers mit einem Referenzpropeller verglichen. Beide Prüfstücke sind, abgesehen von den Blattspitzen, identisch. Neben normgerechten, herkömmlichen Messungen der Schallleistungspegel sowie psychoakustischer Eigenschaften werden beide Prüfstücke mit einem Mikrofon-Array („Akustische Kamera“) untersucht, um die Lärmquellen entlang der Propellerblätter zu visualisieren. Hierfür wird erstmals ein virtuell mitrotierendes Array angewendet, um die aero-akustischen Quellen am stehenden Blatt zu identifizieren.
The most common cause of incidents and accidents in aviation is linked to the category “Loss of Control Inflight” [1]. Remarkably in consequence this means that aircraft without any technical defect or such with manageable defects according to certification requirements are involved. The research project “Virtual Instructor for General Aviation” (VIGA) was aimed to validate an idea that addresses this problem by an entirely different approach. The idea can be best described by looking at the way a flight instructor takes decisions to intervene. A human pilot has an expectation of the maneuvers and the corresponding trajectories that can be flown in the future based on the present flight conditions. Decision making is based on the analysis of the consequences of the expectations. This approach is one of the key principles of the project, and is completely different to any known AFCS system.
Yet technical implementation requires considerable effort. Essentially it comprises a faster than real time simulation with an adequately accurate aerodynamic model of the particular aircraft in combination with a module to evaluate the results of the simulated exit trajectories. In consequence this idea requires an autopilot module capable of tracking the calculated three-dimensional trajectories which then resulted in the need to design and develop a completely new type of autopilot algorithm.
The objective of this project was to test and demonstrate principle functionality thereby also finding pathways determining future developments as well as to analyze system behavior. Therefore, the project was deliberately designed to help the pilot by depicting the solutions on the PFD. Direct intervention of the system with aircraft flight controls did not take place. This also raised the question of how to design an effective visual human interface.
Fortunately, all results proved to be very satisfying. The underlying idea could be validated and was demonstrated both in a simulation environment and in flight test. The path tracking algorithm was developed in a parallel project and also showed very satisfactory results, meeting all requirements.
The ATISS measurement drone, developed at the University of Applied Sciences Wildau, is an electrical powered motor glider with a maximum take-off weight of 25 kg including a payload capacity of 10 kg. Two 2.5 kW engines enable ultra short take-off procedures and the motor glider design results in a 1 h endurance. The concept of ATISS is based on the idea to strictly separate between aircraft and payload functions, which makes ATISS a very flexible research platform for miscellaneous payloads. ATISS is equipped with an autopilot for autonomous flight patterns but under permanent pilot control from the ground. On the basis of ATISS the project SALSA was undertaken. The aim was to integrate a system for digital terrain modelling. Instead of a laser scanner a new design concept was chosen based on two synchronized high resolution digital cameras, one in a fixed nadir orientation and the other in a oblique orientation. Thus from every object on the ground images from different view angles are taken. This new measurement camera system MACS-TumbleCam was developed at the German Aerospace Center DLR Berlin-Adlershof especially for the ATISS payload concept. Special advantage in comparison to laser scanning is the fact, that instead of a cloud of points a surface including texture is generated and a high-end inertial orientation system can be omitted. The first test flights show a ground resolution of 2 cm and height resolution of 3 cm, which underline the extraordinary capabilities of ATISS and the MACS measurement camera system.