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Venture Capital im Umbruch
(2002)
Der Boom, dem der Venture Capital Markt in der Vergangenheit jährliche Zuwachsraten in Höhe von dreistelligen Millionenbeträgen zu verdanken hatte, ist in den Jahren 2001 und 2002 den Erwartungen entsprechend in eine Konsolidierungsphase übergegangen. So lassen sich anhand der vom Bundesverband deutscher Kapitalbeteiligungsgesellschaften (BVK) veröffentlichten Zahlen nicht nur eine Stabilisierung, sondern auch im Jahr 2002 eine Reduzierung der Investvolumina und eine Veränderung des Investitionsverhaltens erkennen. Die Bruttoinvestitionen der BVK-Mitglieder, welche nach eigenen Angaben 90 % des gesamten Marktvolumens ausmachen, betrugen 2001 ca. 4,4 Mio. Euro und lagen damit auf dem Niveau des Vorjahres. Davon wurden 80 % in Form von klassischem Eigenkapital, 19,6 % als eigenkapitalähnliche Mittel, z. B. in Form von mezzaninen Finanzmitteln vergeben. Bezüglich der bevorzugten Branchen verlagerte sich der Fokus von den Hightech-Firmen wieder stärker zu den traditionellen Segmenten, so sank der Anteil der Bruttoinvestitionen in den Bereichen Computer und Kommunikationstechnologien gegenüber dem Jahr 2000 um 12,4 % auf 24,6 %. 1 Dieser Trend wird sich auch in den Jahren 2002 und 2003 fortsetzen, ein Ende der Konsolidierungsphase wird in einem Zeitraum zwischen 12 und 24 Monaten erwarten.
Der Prozeß des weltweiten Wandels von großen, i. d. R. kapitalintensiven und wenig flexiblen Wirtschaftsstrukturen, zu kleinen und wettbewerbsfähigen TU, ausgestattet mit hochqualifizierten Arbeitskräften, modernsten Basistechnologien und hoher Flexibilität am internationalen Markt, prägt den Übergang der westlichen Industrienationen vom 20. zum 21. Jahrhundert, mit all seinen politischen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Folgen. Dabei bilden mehr als 30 Mio. Arbeitslose im EU-Bereich, davon durchschnittlich 4 Mio. in Deutschland, nicht nur sozialen Sprengstoff, sondern zugleich die Basis für neue Denkansätze und Wege.
Der Erfolg bei der Gestaltung der eigenen wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Zukunft wird maßgeblich von den erreichten, international ausgerichteten Markt- und Wettbewerbspositionen sowie von der Effizienz und dem Tempo des Aufbaus einer neuen technologieorientierten Unternehmenslandschaft abhängen. Die Innovation und deren Integration in neue Geschäftsfelder ist dabei ein wichtiger Indikator für die Stärkung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und die Jobcreation. Die marktorientierte Nutzung vorhandener sowie die Etablierung neuer Innovationspotentiale, in Form von TU, stehen folglich im Mittelpunkt und sollen den Trend zur Verlagerung kapitalintensiver Industriearbeitsplätze aus Europa, insbesondere Deutschland und anderen hochentwickelten Industrieländern, in sogenannte Billiglohnländer kompensieren und parallel durch die Integration modernster Technologien in die "alten Industriestrukturen" umkehren.
Long term studies, focusing on population- and socio-biology research, require the unequivocal identification of individuals. DNA studies with Short Tandem Repeats (STR loci) became a widespread tool in population genetics. We used the next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach with 454 shot-gun pyrosequencing to identify 13 new polymorphic STR loci for the Common Tern, Sterna hirundo. To enlarge the marker set we added two more loci originally developed for Black-legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and Red-billed Gull (Chroicocephalus scopulinus) and arranged these 15 loci into three multiplex PCR panels for high throughput genotyping. Loci characterization demonstrated that our marker set is of high quality. A PIC value of about 0.67 and a power of exclusion value of 0.99 were reached. Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg expectations of some loci and low frequencies for null alleles are interpreted as a result of inbreeding and founder effect in the investigated tern colony. We used a test data set of this well-studied breeding colony of Common Tern at Banter Lake, Wilhelmshaven, Germany, to perform a parentage test. Parent-chick relationships, known from the social pedigree of that colony, were compared with genetically calculated ones. In order to test our markers and the used parentage program COLONY, we conducted six competing data sets with varying completeness of included parental genotypes. By including fully sampled parent pairs of known family assignment, results were correct for nest mates, single parents and parent pairs. Our marker set provides a powerful tool to investigate life-time reproductive success and other issues of population and socio-biology for Common Terns, e.g. in the aforementioned colony monitored for decades.
Objective. The photo injector test facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ) is building up an R&D platform, known as FLASHlab@PITZ, for systematically studying the FLASH effect in cancer treatment with its high-brightness electron beams, which can provide a uniquely large dose parameter range for radiation experiments. In this paper, we demonstrate the capabilities by experiments with a reduced parameter range on a startup beamline and study the potential performance of the full beamline by simulations. Approach. To measure the dose, Gafchromic films are installed both in front of and after the samples; Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to predict the dose distribution during beam preparation and help understand the dose distribution inside the sample. Plasmid DNA is irradiated under various doses at conventional and ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) to study the DNA damage by radiations. Start-to-end simulations are performed to verify the performance of the full beamline. Main results. On the startup beamline, reproducible irradiation has been established with optimized electron beams and the delivered dose distributions have been measured with Gafchromic films and compared to FLUKA simulations. The functionality of this setup has been further demonstrated in biochemical experiments at conventional dose rate of 0.05 Gy s−1 and UHDR of several 105 Gy s−1 and a varying dose up to 60 Gy, with the UHDR experiments finished within a single RF pulse (less than 1 millisecond); the observed conformation yields of the irradiated plasmid DNA revealed its dose-dependent radiation damage. The upgrade to the full FLASHlab@PITZ beamline is justified by simulations with homogeneous radiation fields generated by both pencil beam scanning and scattering beams. Significance. With the demonstration of UHDR irradiation and the simulated performance of the new beamline, FLASHlab@PITZ will serve as a powerful platform for studying the FLASH effects in cancer treatment.
Overview of FLASHlab@PITZ: the new R&D platform for FLASH radiation therapy and radiation biology
(2024)
An R&D platform for electron FLASH radiation therapy and radiation biology is being prepared at the Photo Injector Test facility at DESY in Zeuthen (FLASHlab@PITZ). This platform is based on the unique beam parameters available at PITZ: ps scale electron bunches of up to 22 MeV with up to 5 nC bunch charge at MHz bunch repetition rate in bunch trains of up to 1 ms in length repeating at 1 to 10 Hz. It works together with the Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau (TH Wildau) as partner in close vicinity for the biological resources.
A startup beamline has been installed to allow dosimetry studies and irradiation experiments on chemical, biochemical and biological samples after a 60-degree dispersive arm. The measured dose and dose rates under different beam conditions and first experimental results will be reported in this paper. In addition, a dedicated beamline for FLASHlab@PITZhas been designed for better control of the high brightness electron beams. This includes a dogleg to translate the beam and a 2D kicker system to scan the tiny beam focused by quadrupoles across the samples within less than 1 ms. Simulation studies will be presented to demonstrate the extremely flexible dose parameters with various irradiation options for electron FLASH radiation therapy and radiation biology studies.

