TY - CHAP A1 - Seeliger, Frank ED - Hauke, Petra ED - Werner, Klaus Ulrich T1 - Chancen und Risiken einer baulichen Konversion - oder: Gibt es einen patinierten Erlebnisraum Bibliothek? T2 - Secondhand - aber exzellent! : Bibliotheken bauen im Bestand N2 - Einleitung – Rückschau – Chance oder Prokrustesbett? – Blickwinkel der Altvorderen – Der Wandel – Einerseits & andererseits – Erlebniswelt vs. Uninspirierender Neubau – Pluspunkte – The Ten Commandments – Stübchenbibliotheken vermeiden – ... ein nicht alltäglicher Erlebniswert – Bedingungen – Oompf & Wow – Mit der historischen Substanz wuchern – Literatur und Internetquellen Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-20048 SP - 36 EP - 54 PB - Bock + Herchen CY - Reutlingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lindner, Niels A1 - Liebchen, Christian T1 - New Perspectives on PESP: T-Partitions and Separators T2 - 19th Workshop on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2019) N2 - In the planning process of public transportation companies, designing the timetable is among the core planning steps. In particular in the case of periodic (or cyclic) services, the Periodic Event Scheduling Problem (PESP) is well-established to compute high-quality periodic timetables. We are considering algorithms for computing good solutions and dual bounds for the very basic PESP with no additional extra features as add-ons. The first of these algorithms generalizes several primal heuristics that have been proposed, such as single-node cuts and the modulo network simplex algorithm. We consider partitions of the graph, and identify so-called delay cuts as a structure that allows to generalize several previous heuristics. In particular, when no more improving delay cut can be found, we already know that the other heuristics could not improve either. This heuristic already had been proven to be useful in computational experiments [Ralf Borndörfer et al., 2019], and we locate it in the more general concept of what we denote T-partitions. With the second of these algorithms we propose to turn a strategy, that has been discussed in the past, upside-down: Instead of gluing together the network line-by-line in a bottom-up way, we develop a divide-and-conquer-like top-down approach to separate the initial problem into two easier subproblems such that the information loss along their cutset edges is as small as possible. We are aware that there may be PESP instances that do not fit well the separator setting. Yet, on the RxLy-instances of PESPlib in our experimental computations, we come up with good primal solutions and dual bounds. In particular, on the largest instance (R4L4), this new separator approach, which applies a state-of-the-art solver as subroutine, is able to come up with better dual bounds than purely applying this state-of-the-art solver in the very same time. KW - periodic event scheduling problem KW - periodic timetabling KW - graph partitioning KW - graph separators KW - balanced cuts Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-20074 SP - 2:1 EP - 2:18 PB - Schloss Dagstuhl, Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik CY - Dagstuhl ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Padilla-Michel, Yazmin A1 - Lucci, Massimiliano A1 - Casalboni, Mauro A1 - Steglich, Patrick A1 - Schrader, Sigurd ED - Ribeiro, Paulo A. T1 - Mechanical Characterisation of the Four Most Used Coating Materials for Optical Fibres T2 - Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology : vol. 1 N2 - Optical multimode fibres have a wide variety of applications ranging from industrial to medical use. Therefore, even if they are just used as waveguides or sensors, it is important to characterise the whole fingerprint, including the optical and mechanical properties of such fibres. Since the stiffness/elasticity of a material could influence the optical output of a fibre due to micro-bendings, in this paper we report the calculated Young’s Modulus of acrylate, fluorinated acrylate, polyimide and silicone, which are the four most used coating materials for such optical components. The results demonstrate that Young’s Modulus does have an impact on the attenuation of propagating light along the optical fibre. However, the refractive index of the coating materials still has a significant impact on the performance of optical fibres. KW - fibre optics KW - coating material KW - Young’s Modulus KW - nanoindentation KW - attenuation Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-20063 SP - 96 EP - 102 PB - SciTePress CY - Setúbal ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tsonev, Tsvetomir A1 - Herzog, Michael A1 - Nenkova, Sanchi T1 - Shape memory polyurethanes based on recycled polyvinyl butyral. I. Synthesis and morphology JF - Central European Journal of Chemistry N2 - Shape memory polyurethanes (SMPUs) were synthesized by 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), hexane-1,6-diol (HD), polypropylene glycol (PPG), and recycled polyvinyl butyral (PVB). Dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transformation infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy was used to characterize the poly (vinylbutyral-urethanes). Micro-phase domain separation of hard and soft segments and phase inversion were investigated. Increasing the hard segment content, i.e., average hard segment molecular weight, leads to an increase in the degree of micro-phase separation, hard domain order and crystallinity. The crystalline hard segment structures combined with the elastic nature of soft segment matrix provide enough physical and chemical crosslinks to have shape memory effect. KW - polyvinyl butyral KW - shape memory KW - polyurethane KW - thermal analysis KW - IR spectroscopy Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-20052 VL - 11 IS - 12 SP - 2058 EP - 2065 PB - Versita ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Xiangkun A1 - Amirkhanyan, Zohrab A1 - Grebinyk, Anna A1 - Gross, Matthias A1 - Komar, Yuliia A1 - Riemer, Felix A1 - Asoyan, Aida A1 - Boonpornprasert, Prach A1 - Borchert, Paul A1 - Davtyan, Hakob A1 - Dmytriiev, Dmytro A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Hoffmann, Andreas A1 - Krasilnikov, Mikhail A1 - Loisch, Gregor A1 - Lotfi, Zahra A1 - Müller, Frieder A1 - Schmitz, Michael A1 - Obier, Frank A1 - Oppelt, Anne A1 - Philipp, Sebastian A1 - Richard, Christopher A1 - Vashchenko, Grygorii A1 - Villani, Daniel A1 - Worm, Steven A1 - Stephan, Frank T1 - Demonstration of ultra-high dose rate electron irradiation at FLASHlab@PITZ JF - Physics in Medicine & Biology N2 - Objective. The photo injector test facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ) is building up an R&D platform, known as FLASHlab@PITZ, for systematically studying the FLASH effect in cancer treatment with its high-brightness electron beams, which can provide a uniquely large dose parameter range for radiation experiments. In this paper, we demonstrate the capabilities by experiments with a reduced parameter range on a startup beamline and study the potential performance of the full beamline by simulations. Approach. To measure the dose, Gafchromic films are installed both in front of and after the samples; Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to predict the dose distribution during beam preparation and help understand the dose distribution inside the sample. Plasmid DNA is irradiated under various doses at conventional and ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) to study the DNA damage by radiations. Start-to-end simulations are performed to verify the performance of the full beamline. Main results. On the startup beamline, reproducible irradiation has been established with optimized electron beams and the delivered dose distributions have been measured with Gafchromic films and compared to FLUKA simulations. The functionality of this setup has been further demonstrated in biochemical experiments at conventional dose rate of 0.05 Gy s−1 and UHDR of several 105 Gy s−1 and a varying dose up to 60 Gy, with the UHDR experiments finished within a single RF pulse (less than 1 millisecond); the observed conformation yields of the irradiated plasmid DNA revealed its dose-dependent radiation damage. The upgrade to the full FLASHlab@PITZ beamline is justified by simulations with homogeneous radiation fields generated by both pencil beam scanning and scattering beams. Significance. With the demonstration of UHDR irradiation and the simulated performance of the new beamline, FLASHlab@PITZ will serve as a powerful platform for studying the FLASH effects in cancer treatment. KW - ultra-high dose rate KW - FLASH effect KW - electron beams KW - FLASHlab@PITZ Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-20092 VL - 70 IS - 5 PB - Institute of Physics Publishing (IOP) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zissel, Hardy A1 - Kissig, Jan A1 - Seeliger, Frank T1 - New RFID-apps: HF-Based Stock Management by Mobile Solution and Producing Usage Statistics on Non-Lending Colleges (e.g. Periodicals) T2 - 2012 IATUL Proceedings N2 - With this contribution we will provide an outline on new applications of RFID-utilization which go beyond the typical applications such as self-check service to clients and security tasks and may give a perspective of new ideas. KW - RFID-based inventory KW - RFID-based usage-statistics Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-20037 UR - https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iatul/2012/papers/30/ PB - IATUL International Association of University Libraries ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mohnke, Janett A1 - Azmitia, Alfredo A1 - Seeliger, Frank T1 - iLibrary: an interactive information system for the improvement of virtual library services T2 - 2013 IATUL Proceedings N2 - In this paper, the iLibrary system is introduced, which has been integrated and tested at the library of the Technical University of Applied Sciences in Wildau. The goal of this project is to develop an interactive information system for the improvement of virtual library services within the university’s library and in this manner make users more aware of all the benefits the library provides. The system concentrates mainly on the development and implementation of new software applications for devices such as smartphones, tablets and a multi-touch screen, as well as introducing new back-end applications for the improvement of existing services and processes. We will explain the features of this system, provide some practical experiences, and show how it can easily be adapted to any library. KW - mobile information system KW - multimedia guide KW - 3D modelling KW - touchscreen KW - distributed system KW - RFID-based indoor positioning system Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-20022 UR - https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iatul/2013/papers/52/ PB - IATUL International Association of University Libraries ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mohnke, Janett A1 - Seeliger, Frank T1 - iCampus goes Library - Advantages of Using a Multimedia Guide in a Library T2 - 2012 IATUL Proceedings N2 - At University of Applied Sciences Wildau in Germany students have developed and evaluated a mobile and multilingual on-campus-information system, called iCampus Wildau. With the help of maps, audio tracks, and 360°-pictures a user is guided across campus and provided with current information about visible and invisible services and options. Because of its modular and general approach, the guide has been used for several, quite different purposes. One very successful application case has been a multimedia guide for the university library. This has been used for introducing new library users into using the library services, providing information about the special architecture of the library building, or even as a multimedia guide for one of the many exhibitions that find their place in the library. In this paper, we will explain the features of this application, provide some practical experiences, and show how it can easily be adapted to any library (or campus). KW - mobile information system KW - multimedia guide KW - augmented reality KW - distributed system KW - RFID-based orientation finder Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-20012 UR - https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iatul/2012/papers/41/ PB - International Association of University Libraries - IATUL ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Badel, Steffi A1 - Burkhardt, Antonia A1 - Göse, Lydia A1 - Löbsin, Annika A1 - Ryssel, Regina A1 - Zichel-Wessalowski, Jana ED - Tafner, Georg ED - Ackermann, Nicole ED - Hagedorn, Udo ED - Wagner, Cornelia T1 - Personalgewinnung und Personalbindung in der Pflege. Einladung zur Qualifizierung von Menschen mit Grundbildungsbedarf T2 - Humane Ökonomie - selbstverständlicher Auftrag sozioökonomischer Bildung und Wissenschaft oder sozialromantische Utopie? N2 - Die aktuelle Situation auf dem Arbeitsmarkt ermöglicht nur marginal die Rekrutierung ausgebildeter Pflegekräfte, um den aktuellen Pflegenotstand zu beheben. Vielerorts ist der Markt quasi „leergefegt“. Daher wird u.a. versucht, nicht oder fachfremd ausgebildete Pflegekräfte mit Grundbildungsbedarf für eine Tätigkeit in der Pflege zu gewinnen, keinesfalls jedoch ohne passgenaue Qualifizierung. Das durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) geförderte Projekt INA-Pflege PLUS zielt auf der Basis eines Wissenschafts-Praxis-Dialogs mittels kooperativer und partizipativer Formate auf die Sensibilisierung und Professionalisierung des Bildungspersonals in der Pflegehilfe/Pflege(fach)assistenzausbildung. Ziel ist, den Diskurs zu den Rahmenbedingungen und den Perspektiven von arbeitsorientierter Grundbildung in der Pflege weiter zu erhellen. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-20003 UR - https://www.bibb.de/dienst/publikationen/de/19736 SN - 978-3-96208-486-8 SP - 237 EP - 252 PB - Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Narvekar, Prachiti A1 - Berriel Diaz, Mauricio A1 - Krones-Herzig, Anja A1 - Hardeland, Ulrike A1 - Strzoda, Daniela A1 - Stöhr, Sigrid A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Herzig, Stephan T1 - Liver-specific loss of lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor triggers systemic hyperlipidemia in mice JF - Diabetes N2 - In mammals, proper storage and distribution of lipids in and between tissues is essential for the maintenance of energy homeostasis. In contrast, aberrantly high levels of triglycerides in the blood ("hypertriglyceridemia") represent a hallmark of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. As hypertriglyceridemia has been identified as an important risk factor for cardiovascular complications, in this study we aimed to identify molecular mechanisms in aberrant triglyceride elevation under these conditions. To determine the importance of hepatic lipid handling for systemic dyslipidemia, we profiled the expression patterns of various hepatic lipid transporters and receptors under healthy and type 2 diabetic conditions. A differentially expressed lipoprotein receptor was functionally characterized by generating acute, liver-specific loss- and gain-of-function animal models. We show that the hepatic expression of lipid transporter lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) is specifically impaired in mouse models of obesity and type 2 diabetes and can be restored by leptin replacement. Experimental imitation of this pathophysiological situation by liver-specific knockdown of LSR promotes hypertriglyceridemia and elevated apolipoprotein (Apo)B and E serum levels in lean wild-type and ApoE knockout mice. In contrast, genetic restoration of LSR expression in obese animals to wild-type levels improves serum triglyceride levels and serum profiles in these mice. The dysregulation of hepatic LSR under obese and diabetic conditions may provide a molecular rationale for systemic dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome and represent a novel target for alternative treatment strategies in these patients. Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19954 VL - 58 IS - 5 SP - 1040 EP - 1049 PB - American Diabetes Association ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reuner, Andy A1 - Hengherr, Steffen A1 - Mali, Brahim A1 - Förster, Frank A1 - Arndt, Detlev A1 - Reinhardt, Richard A1 - Dandekar, Thomas A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Brümmer, Franz A1 - Schill, Ralph O. T1 - Stress response in tardigrades: differential gene expression of molecular chaperones JF - Cell Stress and Chaperones N2 - Semi-terrestrial tardigrades exhibit a remarkable tolerance to desiccation by entering a state called anhydrobiosis. In this state, they show a strong resistance against several kinds of physical extremes. Because of the probable importance of stress proteins during the phases of dehydration and rehydration, the relative abundance of transcripts coding for two α-crystallin heat-shock proteins (Mt-sHsp17.2 and Mt-sHsp19.5), as well for the heat-shock proteins Mt-sHsp10, Mt-Hsp60, Mt-Hsp70 and Mt-Hsp90, were analysed in active and anhydrobiotic tardigrades of the species Milnesium tardigradum. They were also analysed in the transitional stage (I) of dehydration, the transitional stage (II) of rehydration and in heat-shocked specimens. A variable pattern of expression was detected, with most candidates being downregulated. Gene transcripts of one Mt-hsp70 isoform in the transitional stage I and Mt-hsp90 in the anhydrobiotic stage were significantly upregulated. A high gene expression (778.6-fold) was found for the small α-crystallin heat-shock protein gene Mt-sHsp17.2 after heat shock. We discuss the limited role of the stress-gene expression in the transitional stages between the active and anhydrobiotic tardigrades and other mechanisms which allow tardigrades to survive desiccation. KW - alpha-crystallin protein KW - anhydrobiosis KW - cryptobiosis KW - heat-shock protein KW - tardigrada KW - Milnesium tardigradum Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19994 VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 423 EP - 430 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herold, Marcel A1 - Roedenbeck, Marc T1 - Cultural values and the P-O fit: comparative NLP analysis of German online job advertisements JF - Evidence-based HRM N2 - Purpose Within the Person-Organization fit framework and Signalling Theory, this study investigates the performance of word dictionaries detecting cultural values in online job advertisements as one form of external communication of an organization. Based upon a merge of the dictionaries, a corporate value analysis of Germany is conducted. Design/methodology/approach The study builds on a dataset (n > 151 k) of online job advertisements which were scraped from a German job portal. It was pre-processed according to natural language processing standards. For analysing the values of an organization a dictionary based word count was applied. Therefore, the current state-of-the-art dictionaries were tested, and an enhanced dictionary was developed and translated from English to German. Finally, a cluster analysis was conducted. Findings This study supports the possibility of measuring cultural values in texts where the enhanced dictionary based on Ponitzovskiy shows the best results. It thereby supports the use of the Universal Value Structure model (Schwartz, 1992) as well as the Signalling Theory (Guest et al., 2021), that values spread across 10 core or 4 aggregated dimensions are communicated via online job advertisements. Finally, the study offers a profile of the German corporate culture average as well as 4 cultural clusters and separate organizations, all with different profiles. Originality/value This study develops an enhanced dictionary based on a large dataset of online job advertisements for analysing the external communication of values or culture of an organization for improving the Person-Organization fit. KW - culture KW - job advertisement KW - natural language processing KW - person-organization fit Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19987 PB - Emerald ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herold, Marcel A1 - Roedenbeck, Marc T1 - Matching competency frameworks with job advertisements: a data-driven analysis of its practical application in the healthcare sector JF - Evidence-based HRM N2 - Purpose Competency-based human resource management (CBHRM) is a key component of all organisations but needs to be regularly reviewed and evaluated to ensure the quality of healthcare professionals. One common taxonomy of competency domains for health professions is from Englander et al., where this paper aims to conduct a large-scale analysis based on topic modelling to investigate the extent to which the competency framework for the healthcare sector is applied in the German job market of health professions. Design/methodology/approach The quantitative NLP analysis of a dataset consisting of 3,362 online job advertisements of nurses and doctors was scraped from a German job portal. The data was pre-processed according to Miner et al. For the analysis, the authors applied unsupervised (e.g. HDP, LDA) and supervised (BERTopic) methods and content analysis. Based on the extracted topics a word list was created and these words were coded to existing dimensions of the competency framework of Englander et al. or new dimensions were created. Findings Comparing methodologies, HDP (unsupervised) and BERTopic (supervised) were the best performing while the BERTopic algorithm outperforms HDP. For the doctor dataset 46% of one main dimension was identified but with an overall coverage of 69%, for the care dataset is weaker with 30.8% but an overall coverage of 100%. Additionally, the taxonomy was enhanced with supplementary competencies of “personality/characteristics” and “leadership” as well as two facets of job description which are “place of work” and “job conditions”. Originality/value On the one hand selected dimensions of the taxonomy could be clearly identified but on the other hand, there is a documented gap between the taxonomy and the competencies advertised. One cause may lie in the NLP algorithms but applicants may also have the same difficulties when reading the OJAs. Thus, practitioners should carefully review OJAs regarding better separating explicit competencies they are searching for. For the scientific development of new competency frameworks, our data-driven approach exemplified an extension of a given taxonomy. KW - online job advertisement KW - natural language processing KW - competency frameworks KW - content analysis KW - (un)supervised learning Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19971 SN - 2049-3991 PB - Emerald ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rykova, Eugenia A1 - Walther, Mathias ED - Luz de Araujo, Pedro Henrique ED - Baumann, Andreas ED - Gromann, Dagmar ED - Krenn, Brigitte ED - Roth, Benjamin ED - Wiegand, Michael T1 - Linguistic and extralinguistic factors in automatic speech recognition of German atypical speech T2 - Proceedings of the 20th Conference on Natural Language Processing (KONVENS 2024) N2 - Automatic speech recognition (ASR) has been already used in speech and language therapy, including diagnostic tasks and practice exercises for people with aphasia (PWA). The lack of relevant data makes it difficult to evaluate the algorithms’ suitability for German-speaking PWA. For the current project, four open-source ASR models were selected based on their performance on other types of atypical speech, and the details of their evaluation are presented in this paper. The four selected models are generally robust to speakers’ gender and age. The one-word recognition yields better results for words of moderate length. Speech rate should be neither too slow nor too quick for lower error rates both in words and phrases, and the latter should be also of moderate length. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19915 UR - https://aclanthology.org/2024.konvens-main.36/ SP - 358 EP - 367 PB - Association for Computational Linguistics CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Przymus, Piotr A1 - Rykaczewski, Krzysztof A1 - Martín-Segura, Adrián A1 - Truu, Jaak A1 - De Santa Pau, Enrique Carrillo A1 - Kolev, Mikhail A1 - Naskinova, Irina A1 - Gruca, Aleksandra A1 - Sampri, Alexia A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Nechyporenko, Alina T1 - Deep Learning in Microbiome Analysis: A Comprehensive Review of Neural Network Models JF - Frontiers in Microbiology N2 - Microbiome research, the study of microbial communities in diverse environments, has seen significant advances due to the integration of deep learning (DL) methods. These computational techniques have become essential for addressing the inherent complexity and high-dimensionality of microbiome data, which consist of different types of omics datasets. Deep learning algorithms have shown remarkable capabilities in pattern recognition, feature extraction, and predictive modeling, enabling researchers to uncover hidden relationships within microbial ecosystems. By automating the detection of functional genes, microbial interactions, and host-microbiome dynamics, DL methods offer unprecedented precision in understanding microbiome composition and its impact on health, disease, and the environment. However, despite their potential, deep learning approaches face significant challenges in microbiome research. Additionally, the biological variability in microbiome datasets requires tailored approaches to ensure robust and generalizable outcomes. As microbiome research continues to generate vast and complex datasets, addressing these challenges will be crucial for advancing microbiological insights and translating them into practical applications with DL. This review provides an overview of different deep learning models in microbiome research, discussing their strengths, practical uses, and implications for future studies. We examine how these models are being applied to solve key problems and highlight potential pathways to overcome current limitations, emphasizing the transformative impact DL could have on the field moving forward. KW - clasiffication KW - clustering KW - deep learning KW - natural language processing KW - microbiome Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19889 SN - 1664-302X VL - 15 PB - Frontiers ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Baetge, Dietmar T1 - Globalisierung des Wettbewerbsrechts BT - Eine internationale Wettbewerbsordnungzwischen Kartell- und Welthandelsrecht N2 - Die Globalisierung der unternehmerischen Aktivitäten schreitet voran. Sie führt dazu, dass Wettbewerbspolitik und Kartellrecht immer weniger als die alleinige Angelegenheit nationaler Gesetzgeber verstanden werden können. Zwar wurden während des letzten Jahrzehnts eine Reihe von Publikationen der Internationalisierung der Wettbewerbsordnung gewidmet. Eine umfassende Analyse dieser Internationalisierungsansätze gibt es indes bis heute nicht. Dietmar Baetge füllt insofern eine Lücke. Neuartig ist darüber hinaus auch die eingehende Untersuchung und Symbiose von völkerrechtlichen und wettbewerbsrechtlichen Regelungsmodellen, wie sie im nationalen, bilateralen, regionalen und weltweiten Maßstab existieren. Er behandelt die wettbewerbstheoretischen Grundlagen ebenso wie die handelspolitischen Bezüge, die mit der fortschreitenden Internationalisierung zusammenhängen. Die Suche nach möglichen Alternativen zu einer Globalisierung des Wettbewerbsrechts, insbesondere einseitige Maßnahmen der Regierungen, grenzüberschreitende Kooperationen der staatlichen Kartellbehörden und die Errichtung regionaler Wettbewerbsregime, werden genauer untersucht und kritisch gewürdigt. Dazu gehören auch die neueren Formen der wettbewerbspolitischen Zusammenarbeit im Rahmen internationaler Netzwerke. Letztlich erweist sich keiner dieser Regelungsansätze als ausreichend. Der Autor plädiert deshalb für die Schaffung einer globalen Wettbewerbsordnung, deren Umrisse er skizziert, indem er zunächst frühere Projekte vorstellt und dann die Konturen eines eigenen, innerhalb der Welthandelsorganisation zu verwirklichenden Modells präsentiert. T2 - Globalization of Competition Law. An International Competition Order between Antitrust Law and World Trade Law. T3 - Beiträge zum ausländischen und internationalen Privatrecht - 90 Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19907 SN - 978-3-16-151083-0 PB - Mohr Siebeck CY - Tübingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Strelchuk, Yaroslav A1 - Nechyporenko, Alina A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Gargin, Vitaliy A1 - Lupyr, Andrii A1 - Alekseeva, Victoriia ED - Shakhovska, Nataliya ED - Jiao, Jianbo ED - Izonin, Ivan ED - Chretien, Stephane T1 - Detection of stress using photoplethysmography T2 - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Informatics & Data-Driven Medicine (IDDM 2024) N2 - Stress is an important factor affecting human health, and its timely detection can significantly improve quality of life. This study addresses the current issue of identifying stress states using photoplethysmography signals obtained from the wearable Shimmer 3 sensor. The purpose of the study was to establish an effective approach for stress detection, specifically through the analysis of heart rate variability changes during different states: rest and stress. A distinctive feature of the research is the use of the air raid siren sound as a stress factor. The research methodology includes the collection and analysis of biosignals, allowing for the assessment of cardiovascular system functioning under the impact of stress factors. The results of the study demonstrated significant differences in heart rhythm indicators depending on the person's state, highlighting the potential of these metrics as a tool for health monitoring and stress detection. The paper proposes a new approach to using photoplethysmography for assessing stress responses, which may contribute to the development of personalized stress management methods. KW - air raid signal KW - cardiovascular system health KW - early stress detection KW - health monitoring KW - heart rate variability KW - personalized stress management KW - photoplethysmography KW - stress KW - wearable sensors Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19896 UR - https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3892/short3.pdf VL - 3892 SP - 196 EP - 202 PB - RWTH Aachen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klimesova, Eva A1 - Kulyk, Olena A1 - Martin, Lucas Janos A1 - Schütte, Bernd A1 - Frühling, Ulrike A1 - Drescher, Markus A1 - Pan, Rui A1 - Stojanovic, Nikola A1 - Bermudez Macias, Ivette J. A1 - Düsterer, Stefan A1 - Andreasson, Jakob A1 - Wieland, Marek A1 - Krikunova, Maria T1 - Electron thermalization and ion acceleration in XUV-produced plasma from nanoparticles in He gas environment JF - New Journal of Physics N2 - We use intense femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses with a photon energy of 92 eV from the FLASH free electron laser to irradiate substrate-free CsCl nanoparticles surrounded by a He gas with a number density of around 1015 cm−3. By simultaneously detecting electrons and energetic ions from the laser-irradiated micron-size target we study the acceleration mechanism of light ions at the microplasma-vacuum boundary as well as at the layer close to the nanoparticle surface. When the XUV pulse interacts with the gas alone, helium ions are accelerated to energies exceeding 100 eV. In the presence of the nanoparticle, light ions gain additional energy in the electric field around the ionized nanoparticle and their energy spectrum changes considerably. We present an electrostatic model to explain the ion acceleration mechanisms both with and without the nanoparticle and discuss the role of the gas environment in experiments. KW - light–matter interaction KW - free electron laser KW - nanoparticle injection KW - electron and ion spectroscopy Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19818 VL - 27 PB - Institute of Physics Publishing (IOP); Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudolph, Christian T1 - Perceived safety using multi-lane and canopied bicycles (velocars) JF - Transportation Research Procedia N2 - The feeling of safety is one of the most crucial elements of bicycle promotion. Newer bicycle designs with three or even four wheels have constructive possibilities to implement some safety features comparable to a car, e. g. brake lights, warning lights, and indicator lights, a seat belt or even a canopy to protect the driver from rain and headwinds. Positioning this kind of vehicle between micro car and bicycle, manufacturers try to address new user groups for which a bicycle has been no option nor a car. Further developments of recumbent bicycles, velomobiles and cargo bikes, the velocar from the 1930s is experiencing a renaissance. A new design language based on the car, a higher elevation of the head above street level and the addition of the electric motor mean that a completely new vehicle category may emerge that has the chance to develop from a niche into a mass product. Would new user groups be attracted by this kind of vehicle? This research investigates the perceived safety of 124 experienced cyclists riding on cycles like cargo bikes and velomobiles with a wide body of nearly one meter. KW - velocar KW - cargo cycle KW - bicycle with a canopy KW - weather protection KW - perceived safety Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19876 VL - 82 SP - 2362 EP - 2372 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schüte, Nicolas A1 - Bürklen, Anna T1 - A cross-case comparison of the use of shared mobility services in Germany JF - Transportation Research Procedia N2 - E-scooter and e-bike shared mobility systems are now available in many cities worldwide as a low-threshold mobility offering for a broad mass. In Germany, e-scooter shared mobility systems have been established for the first time in 2019 in large cities, primarily in inner-city areas. In the meantime, various shared mobility service providers have expanded to small towns and the outskirts of large cities with different supply strategies. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the different aspects, such as pricing models and parking regulations that affect the usage of such services in the outskirts. For this purpose, the provided data of an e-scooter and e-bike shared mobility service provider has been analyzed. The results show that shared mobility service provider can profit from extending their supply strategies to outskirts due to similar user behaviour compared to inner-city areas. Compared to other outskirts with a lower price, a higher price does not necessarily result in lower demand. Thus, the demand on the outskirts is not necessarily price-driven but rather depends on local factors. In addition, there was a strong tendency to use e-scooters compared to e-bikes. In all case studies, an almost identical relationship between residents and users could be determined. KW - e-scooter KW - e-bike KW - shared mobility system KW - shared mobility service provider KW - pricing model Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19865 SN - 2352-1465 N1 - Konferenz: World Conference on Transport Research - WCTR 2023 VL - 82 SP - 3215 EP - 3236 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herkenhoff, Marcos Edgar A1 - Battistini, Carolina A1 - Praia, Ana Beatriz A1 - Rossini, Bruno Cesar A1 - dos Santos, Lucilene Delazari A1 - Brödel, Oliver A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Saad, Susana Marta Isay T1 - The combination of omics strategies to evaluate starter and probiotic strains in the Catharina sour Brazilian-style beer JF - Food Research International N2 - Catharina sour, the first internationally recognized Brazilian beer, is characterized by fermentation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which may have probiotic potential, and the addition of fruit juice. This study aimed to evaluate the use of the starter Streptococcus thermophilus TH‐4 (TH‐4) and the probiotics Lacticaseibacillus paracasei F19 and 431, associated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae US-05, in the absence (control)/presence of passion fruit or peach juices. Evaluation proceeded during fermentation and storage by enumeration using pour-plate and qPCR; gene expressions of hop resistance; proteome by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); and odor, flavor, and metabolome by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME), coupled with the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. We concluded that the strains studied are recommended for applications in sour beers, due to the presence of defense mechanisms like membrane adhesion and H+ pump. Furthermore, HS-SPME/GC-MS indicated that the strains may contribute to the beer flavor and odor. KW - craft beer KW - probiotic KW - qPCR KW - hop resistance genes KW - proteome KW - metabolome Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19858 VL - 167 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Suzuki, Juliana Yumi A1 - Herkenhoff, Marcos Edgar A1 - Brödel, Oliver A1 - Cucick, Ana Clara Candelaria A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Saad, Susana Marta Isay T1 - Exploring the potential of red pitaya pulp (Hylocererus sp.) as a plant-based matrix for probiotic delivery and effects on betacyanin content and flavoromics JF - Food Research International N2 - This study evaluated the potential of red pitaya pulp fermented with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei F-19 (F-19) as a base for probiotic products. Physicochemical parameters, sugar, betacyanin, and phenolic contents, and antioxidant activity were analyzed over 28 days at 4 °C and compared to a non-fermented pulp, and to a pulp fermented with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (BB-12). Volatile compounds were identified using HS-SPME/GC–MS. Probiotic viability during storage and survival through in vitro-simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) stress were assessed. Red pitaya pulp, rich in moisture (85.83 g/100 g), carbohydrates (11.65 g/100 g), and fibers (2.49 g/100 g), supported fermentation by both strains. F-19 and BB-12 lowered pH, with F-19 showing stronger acidification, and maintained high viability (8.85–8.90 log CFU/mL). Fermentation altered sugar profiles and produced unique volatile compounds, enhancing aroma and sensory attributes. F-19 generated 2-phenylethanol, a unique flavor compound, absent in BB-12. Phenolic content initially increased but antioxidant activity decreased during storage. Betacyanin remained stable for up to 14 days. Red pitaya improved F-19 viability through the simulated GIT, while BB-12 populations significantly decreased (p < 0.05). These results suggest red pitaya pulp is a promising plant-based matrix for F-19, offering protection during digestion and highlighting its potential as a functional food with enhanced bioactive compound bioavailability and sensory attributes. KW - Pitaya KW - probiotic KW - PMA-qPCR KW - betacyanin KW - prebiotic KW - metabolome Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19843 VL - 192 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herkenhoff, Marcos Edgar A1 - Brödel, Oliver A1 - Frohme, Marcus T1 - Aroma component analysis by HS-SPME/GC–MS to characterize Lager, Ale, and sour beer styles JF - Food Research International N2 - The world of beer is a rich tapestry woven with diverse styles, each with its unique character. Lager, known for its crispness, ferments at lower temperatures, while ale, at warmer ones, boasts a wide spectrum of aromas. Belgian beers dazzle with their complexity, from fruity Trappist ales to sour lambics. German wheat beers, like hefeweizens, charm with their effervescence and fruity undertones. India Pale Ales (IPAs) showcase a hoppy burst, while sour ales tantalize with their tanginess. Craftsmanship, history, and regional ingredients intertwine in this world of brewing, offering aficionados an array of delightful experiences. Research on craft beer aromas is limited, and molecular fingerprint could be crucial. To date, there have been no studies focused on characterizing compound profiles to differentiate beer styles. The Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) method provides a rapid and solvent-free approach to volatile compound. The present study aims to characterize the aroma profile of a wide range of beers by using HS-SPME/GC–MS technique combined with multivariate data processing. A total of 120 beer samples were collected and divided into five categories: Pilsen (n = 28); Lager (n = 23); Ale (n = 32); Sour (n = 24); and Belgian Ales (n = 13). Among the Pilsen beers, 18 unique compounds were found for beers with hop extract and hops, and 2 for beers with hop extract (Octyl acetate; and alpha-Terpineol). When comparing the remaining groups to each other, Belgian beers exhibited 5 unique compounds, and Lagers had one (nonanal). Sours and Ales did not have unique compounds but shared 2 distinct compounds with the Belgian group each. We concluded that Belgian beers are the most complex in terms of various aroma-related compounds, and that it is possible to distinguish beers that use pure hops from hop extract. KW - beer KW - sour beer KW - Belgian beer KW - Ale KW - Pilsen KW - Lager Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19830 VL - 194 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geißler, René T1 - Ursachen, Folgen und Maßnahmen des Fachkräftemangels in der Kommunalverwaltung JF - Verwaltung und Management : Zeitschrift für moderne Verwaltung (VM) N2 - Der Fachkräftemangel in seinen unterschiedlichen Formen prägt seit einigen Jahren die Kommunen und gehört zu deren größten Herausforderungen. Die wissenschaftliche Befassung über Ursachen, Folgen und mögliche Handlungsansätze ist gleichwohl noch begrenzt. Der vorliegende Beitrag gewinnt auf Basis zweier Fallstudien vertiefte Einblicke in die Verwaltungspraxis. Ursachen liegen primär in der demografischen Entwicklung, Arbeitgeberkonkurrenz anderer Behörden und Entscheidungen von Land und Bund. Die gewichtigste Folge ist die Überlastung der Beschäftigten, was über Krankheitsraten und Fluktuation die Probleme verschärft. Im Bereich der Maßnahmen dominieren in den Kommunen noch operative Schritte der Personalarbeit, wie Rekrutierung. Sichtbar wird, dass bei Personalämtern und Führungskräften ein Problembewusstsein besteht, aber neue Kompetenzen notwendig werden. Auf der Ebene denkbarer Handlungsansätze gewinnt das gesamte Spektrum älterer und jüngerer Verwaltungsreformen neue Relevanz. Der Fachkräftemangel wird somit zum eigentlichen Transformationstreiber der Verwaltungen. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19823 SN - 0947-9856 VL - 30 IS - 5 SP - 227 EP - 239 PB - Nomos ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nechyporenko, Alina A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Strelchuk, Yaroslav A1 - Omelchenko, Vladyslav A1 - Gargin, Vitaliy A1 - Ishchenko, Liudmyla A1 - Alekseeva, Victoriia T1 - Galvanic Skin Response and Photoplethysmography for Stress Recognition Using Machine Learning and Wearable Sensors JF - Applied Sciences N2 - This study investigates stress recognition using galvanic skin response (GSR) and photoplethysmography (PPG) data and machine learning, with a new focus on air raid sirens as a stressor. It bridges laboratory and real-world conditions and highlights the reliability of wearable sensors in dynamic, high-stress environments such as war and conflict zones. The study involves 37 participants (20 men, 17 women), aged 20–30, who had not previously heard an air raid siren. A 70 dB “S-40 electric siren” (400–450 Hz) was delivered via headphones. The protocol included a 5 min resting period, followed by 3 min “no-stress” phase, followed by 3 min “stress” phase, and finally a 3 min recovery phase. GSR and PPG signals were recorded using Shimmer 3 GSR+ sensors on the fingers and earlobes. A single session was conducted to avoid sensitization. The workflow includes signal preprocessing to remove artifacts, feature extraction, feature selection, and application of different machine learning models to classify the “stress “and “no-stress” states. As a result, the best classification performance was shown by the k-Nearest Neighbors model, achieving 0.833 accuracy. This was achieved by using a particular combination of heart rate variability (HRV) and GSR features, which can be considered as new indicators of siren-induced stress. KW - galvanic skin response KW - machine learning KW - photoplethysmography KW - stress Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19803 VL - 14 IS - 24 PB - MDPI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Villasmunta, Francesco A1 - Steglich, Patrick A1 - Villringer, Claus A1 - Schrader, Sigurd A1 - Schenk, Harald A1 - Mai, Andreas A1 - Regehly, Martin ED - Chen, Ray T. ED - Schröder, Henning T1 - Design, fabrication, and characterization of integrated optical through-silicon waveguides for 3D photonic interconnections T2 - Optical Interconnects XXIV N2 - In the context of an ever-growing volume of data generated by established and emerging technologies, such as 5G, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, machine learning, blockchain, and virtual reality, faster communication speed is demanded by data centers and high-performance computing. Transceiver requirements surged from 100 to 400 Gb/s and beyond. In this scenario, photonics aims to enable Tb/s optical communication at energies below 1 pJ/bit. Targeting higher communication rates while maintaining a low power budget can significantly benefit from 3D photonic chip architectures. This paper presents the simulation-based design, fabrication, and characterization of a monolithically integrated optical through-silicon waveguide that facilitates the connection between different surfaces of a silicon chip. Deep reactive ion etching was employed in both the Bosch and Cryogenic variants to evaluate the effect of sidewall roughness on propagation losses. The mechanical stability of the waveguide was ensured by interrupting the annular trench with a bridging structure. The high-refractive-index contrast to air provides tight light confinement for a core size of up to 50 μm and multimode operation at 1550 nm. The morphology was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical transmission characterization was performed using relative power loss measurements. A tunable laser source was buttcoupled to a waveguide to analyze light transmission efficiency. Preliminary measurements using single-mode fiber show that the transmitted values exceeded 99% for all structures. KW - multimode photonics KW - cryogenic etching KW - ICP-DRIE KW - optical interconnects KW - silicon photonics KW - 3D chip stacking Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19759 VL - 12892 PB - Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lemieszewski, Łukasz A1 - Hannebauer, Dina A1 - Remiszewski, Grzegorz T1 - Vulnerability of Wi-Fi wireless network to signal interference JF - Journal of Engineering 360 (JoE 360) N2 - Wi-Fi networks are often susceptible to signal interference that can disrupt services, intercept sensitive data, and allow unauthorized access. Exploiting this vulnerability, attackers can launch Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI) attacks or protocol-based attacks. IEMI attacks include, but are not limited to, jamming, which involves the introduction of interference signals in the frequency band used by a given Wi-Fi network, thus disrupting its proper operation. The article presents research on different types of IEMI attacks, aimed at illustrating this type of threat to video transmission from Wi-Fi cameras and discusses methods of protection against this type of attack. The paper examines the methods of jamming the wireless network band, which are used on the distribution methods and the Sweeping Jammer methods that cyclically disrupt all available devices. Based on experiments, it has been confirmed that SOHO devices are highly susceptible to this type of simple attacks and implementing a method to minimize the effects of jamming yields poor results. The simplicity of this type of attack and the high availability of software and hardware tools on the market make the threat highly popular and still dangerous. KW - jamming KW - software-defined radio (SDR) KW - wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19742 SN - 3071-7507 VL - 1 IS - 1/24 SP - 58 EP - 65 PB - The Jacob of Paradies University ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gruber, Johannes A1 - Plener, Martin A1 - Rudolph, Christian A1 - Seiffert, Robert ED - Assmann, Tom ED - Bürklen, Anna ED - Gruber, Johannes ED - Knese, Dennis ED - Mayregger, Patrick ED - Rudolph, Christian T1 - Gewerblicher Einsatz von Lastenrädern – Vielfalt der Nutzungsmöglichkeiten T2 - Radlogistik: Grundlagen zu Logistik und Wirtschaftsverkehr mit Lasten- und Transporträdern N2 - Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die Vielfalt der Nutzungsmöglichkeiten von Lastenrädern im gewerblichen Einsatz, welche sich am stetig wachsenden Interesse von privatwirtschaftlichen und öffentlichen Organisationen an der Lastenradnutzung zeigt. Am Beispiel der rund 750 Teilnehmenden an einem deutschlandweiten Lastenrad-Testprogramm werden gewerbliche Nutzer charakterisiert. Des Weiteren bietet der Beitrag einen Vorschlag zur Segmentierung der äußerst heterogenen Anwendungsfelder, die sich nicht nur auf Logistik- und Dienstleistungsbranchen beschränken. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19737 SP - 67 EP - 88 PB - Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kollert, Christoph A1 - von Wiedner, Vanessa A1 - Rudolph, Christian ED - Canzler, Weert ED - Haus, Juliane ED - Kellermann, Robin ED - Schröder, Sabine ED - Thomsen, Carlo T1 - Potenziale und Herausforderungen des schulischen Mobilitätsmanagements in kleinen und mittleren Kommunen T2 - Gemeinsam in Bewegung: Forschung und Praxis für die Mobilitätswende : Beispiele und Erkenntnisse aus den Projekten der BMBF-Fördermaßnahmen MobilitätsWerkStadt 2025 und MobilitätsZukunftsLabor 2050 N2 - Kleinstädte und Gemeinden mit 2.000 bis 19.999 Einwohnenden stellen einen bedeutenden Anteil (circa 40 Prozent) der circa 11.000 Kommunen in Deutschland (vgl. Statistisches Bundesamt 2022) dar. Aufgrund der oft ländlichen beziehungsweise suburbanen Prägung und der Komplexität der Aufgaben des schulischen Mobilitätsmanagements (SMM) stehen kleinere Kommunen vor besonderen verkehrlichen Herausforderungen: Schulwege in ländlichen Räumen sind im Durchschnitt mit 9 Kilometern fast doppelt so lang wie in urbanen Gebieten (4 Kilometer) (vgl. Nobis & Kuhnimhof 2019: 62). Gleichzeitig wirken sich der Ausbaustandard des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs (ÖPNV) und die Dominanz des motorisierten Individualverkehrs (MIV) in ländlichen Räumen (vgl. ebd.: 47) auf die Schulmobilität aus. So sinkt die Nutzung des Umweltverbundes seit Jahren kontinuierlich (vgl. ebd.), was wiederum mit einem verminderten Bewegungsradius der Kinder einhergeht (vgl. Nobis 2019). SMM zielt darauf ab, das Mobilitätsverhalten der Schülerinnen und Schüler und ihrer Eltern zum Umweltverbund (ÖPNV, Rad- und Fußverkehr) zu verlagern, die Sicherheit im Schulumfeld zu erhöhen und somit die eigenständige Bewältigung des Schulwegs zu fördern. Dies stärkt die Selbstständigkeit der Kinder und Jugendlichen, erweitert ihren Bewegungsradius und verbessert ihre motorischen und kognitiven Fähigkeiten im Straßenverkehr (vgl. Gerike 2023; Limbourg 2010). Durch die Verlagerung von Wegstrecken der Kinder und Jugendlichen auf den Umweltverbund entlastet ein erfolgreiches SMM das Zeitbudget der Eltern und schont die Umwelt, die Gesundheit der Kinder und Jugendlichen sowie das CO2-Budget der Kommunen (vgl. Blees et al. 2018: 15 ff.). Um das volle Potenzial des SMM für die Sicherheit und Selbstständigkeit der Kinder und Jugendlichen sowie für den Klimaschutz ausschöpfen zu können, ist es entscheidend, dass SMM flächendeckend etabliert wird und alle relevanten Akteure systematisch einbezogen werden. In der Praxis lässt sich jedoch beobachten, dass die Aktivitäten im Themenfeld SMM meist nur zufällig, anlassbezogen oder gar nicht miteinander abgestimmt erfolgen (vgl. ebd.: 17). Dieser Beitrag folgt der Annahme, dass die Koordination der vielen am SMM beteiligten Akteure mit ihren spezifischen Kompetenzen kleine Kommunen fachlich und zeitlich überfordert und die flächendeckende Umsetzung unter anderem daher stagniert. Anhand von drei Beispielkommunen wurden daher die spezifischen Herausforderungen des SMMs in kleinen Kommunen untersucht, um daraus resultierende Chancen und Möglichkeiten abzuleiten. Ausgehend davon beschäftigt sich der Artikel daher mit der Frage, wie SMM in kleinen Städten und Gemeinden besser verankert werden kann. Dabei wird insbesondere auf folgende Fragestellungen Bezug genommen: Wie ordnet sich SMM in den Tätigkeitsbereich kleiner Kommunen ein? Für welche Maßnahmen und Handlungsfelder ist die Mitwirkung der Kommunalverwaltung entscheidend? Wo können weitere Akteure, wie zum Beispiel Schulsozialarbeitende oder Klimaschutzbeauftragte, zur Mitwirkung aktiviert werden oder eigenständig Impulse setzen? Welche Empfehlungen lassen sich aus den drei Beispielkommunen für andere Kommunen ableiten? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen wurden innerhalb der drei benachbarten brandenburgischen Gemeinden Eichwalde, Zeuthen und Schulzendorf diverse Maßnahmen identifiziert, die Schnittmengen mit den drei Handlungsfeldern des SMMs haben. Im Abgleich mit der gesichteten Literatur wurden die Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der Beteiligung der Akteursgruppen ausgewertet, den drei Handlungsfeldern zugeordnet und bezugnehmend auf die oben genannten Fragen ausgewertet. Der Fokus lag dabei explizit auf der Handlungsebene kleiner Städte und Gemeinden, nicht auf der Betrachtungsebene des Landkreises oder des Landes. Die untersuchten Gemeinden befinden sich dabei im Untersuchungsraum und Wirkungsbereich des NUDAFA-Reallabors für interkommunale Radverkehrsförderung. Das NUDAFA-Reallabor ist ein vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) gefördertes, gemeinsames Forschungsprojekt der TH Wildau, der TU Berlin, von FixMyCity und sechs Partnerkommunen in Brandenburg mit dem Ziel, die Hemmnisse und Potenziale der Radverkehrsförderung in kleinen Kommunen und Chancen der interkommunalen Zusammenarbeit zu untersuchen. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19725 UR - https://www.zukunft-nachhaltige-mobilitaet.de/sammelband/ SP - 84 EP - 93 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dorai Swamy Reddy, Keerthi A1 - Pérez, Eduardo A1 - Baroni, Andrea A1 - Kalishettyhalli Mahadevaiah, Mamathamba A1 - Marschmeyer, Steffen A1 - Fraschke, Mirko A1 - Lisker, Marco A1 - Wenger, Christian A1 - Mai, Andreas T1 - Optimization of technology processes for enhanced CMOS-integrated 1T-1R RRAM device performance JF - The European Physical Journal B : Condensed Matter and Complex Systems N2 - Implementing artificial synapses that emulate the synaptic behavior observed in the brain is one of the most critical requirements for neuromorphic computing. Resistive random-access memories (RRAM) have been proposed as a candidate for artificial synaptic devices. For this applicability, RRAM device performance depends on the technology used to fabricate the metal–insulator–metal (MIM) stack and the technology chosen for the selector device. To analyze these dependencies, the integrated RRAM devices in a 4k-bit array are studied on a 200 mm wafer scale in this work. The RRAM devices are integrated into two different CMOS transistor technologies of IHP, namely 250 nm and 130 nm and the devices are compared in terms of their pristine state current. The devices in 130 nm technology have shown lower number of high pristine state current devices per die in comparison to the 250 nm technology. For the 130 nm technology, the forming voltage is reduced due to the decrease of HfO₂ dielectric thickness from 8 nm to 5 nm. Additionally, 5% Al-doped 4 nm HfO₂ dielectric displayed a similar reduction in forming voltage and a lower variation in the values. Finally, the multi-level switching between the dielectric layers in 250 nm and 130 nm technologies are compared, where 130 nm showed a more significant number of conductance levels of seven compared to only four levels observed in 250 nm technology. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19701 VL - 97 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köthe, Alexander A1 - Guske, Oliver A1 - Martinen, Ivan A1 - Hopf, Janik A1 - Worrmann, Paul T1 - Development and Validation of an Automatic Waypoint Navigation Control System for Watercrafts JF - IFAC-PapersOnLine N2 - This paper presents the development and testing of an automatic control system for waypoint navigation in a solar boat, initially designed for manual operation. It covers the boat's modifications for automation, system identification through step response experiments, and control strategy implementation. The system includes a Base Controller for yaw rate and speed as well as a subsequent Waypoint Path Controller for navigation. Utilizing a nominal dynamic model of the boat, the Base Controller's design emphasizes robustness against parameter uncertainties, while the Waypoint Path Controller follows a conventional approach. The effectiveness of the system is validated with real driving tests. KW - control design KW - identification KW - marine system KW - mechatronic system KW - modeling Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19673 VL - 58 IS - 25 SP - 174 EP - 179 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bilous, Nataliya A1 - Malko, Vladyslav A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Nechyporenko, Alina T1 - Comparison of CNN-Based Architectures for Detection of Different Object Classes JF - AI N2 - (1) Background: Detecting people and technical objects in various situations, such as natural disasters and warfare, is critical to search and rescue operations and the safety of civilians. A fast and accurate detection of people and equipment can significantly increase the effectiveness of search and rescue missions and provide timely assistance to people. Computer vision and deep learning technologies play a key role in detecting the required objects due to their ability to analyze big volumes of visual data in real-time. (2) Methods: The performance of the neural networks such as You Only Look Once (YOLO) v4-v8, Faster R-CNN, Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD), and EfficientDet has been analyzed using COCO2017, SARD, SeaDronesSee, and VisDrone2019 datasets. The main metrics for comparison were mAP, Precision, Recall, F1-Score, and the ability of the neural network to work in real-time. (3) Results: The most important metrics for evaluating the efficiency and performance of models for a given task are accuracy (mAP), F1-Score, and processing speed (FPS). These metrics allow us to evaluate both the accuracy of object recognition and the ability to use the models in real-world environments where high processing speed is important. (4) Conclusion: Although different neural networks perform better on certain types of metrics, YOLO outperforms them on all metrics, showing the best results of mAP-0.88, F1-0.88, and FPS-48, so the focus was on these models. KW - EfficientDet KW - SSD KW - YOLO KW - deep learning KW - neural network KW - object detection Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19634 VL - 5 IS - 4 SP - 2300 EP - 2320 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Shuang A1 - Yue, Zhao A1 - Zhu, Dingcheng A1 - Harberts, Jann A1 - Blick, Robert H. A1 - Zierold, Robert A1 - Lisdat, Fred A1 - Parak, Wolfgang J. T1 - Quantum Dot/TiO2 Nanocomposite-Based Photoelectrochemical Sensor for Enhanced H2O2 Detection Applied for Cell Monitoring and Visualization JF - Small N2 - This work exploits the possibility of using CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD)-electrodes to monitor the metabolism of living cells based on photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurements. To realize that, the PEC setup is improved with respect to an enhanced photocurrent signal, better stability, and an increased signal-to-noise ratio, but also for a better biocompatibility of the sensor surface on which cells have been grown. To achieve this, a QD-TiO2 heterojunction is introduced with the help of atomic layer deposition (ALD). The heterojunction reduces the charge carrier recombination inside the semiconductor nanoparticles and improves the drift behavior. The PEC performance is carefully analyzed by adjusting the TiO2 thickness and combining this strategy with multilayer immobilizations of QDs. The optimal thickness of this coating is ≈5 nm; here, photocurrent generation can be enhanced significantly (e.g., for a single QD layer electrode by more than one order of magnitude at 0 V vs Ag/AgCl). The resulting optimized electrode is used for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensing with a good sensitivity down to µmolar concentrations, reusability, stability, response rate, and repeatability. Finally, the sensing system is applied to monitor the activity of cells directly grown on top of the electrode surface. KW - biocompatible interface with atomic layer deposition KW - biosensor KW - detection of cellular metabolism KW - light addressable potentiometric sensor KW - photocurrent measurements Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19642 VL - 20 IS - 45 PB - Wiley ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Reshetnik, Viktor A1 - Muryzina, Irina A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Alekseeva, Victoriia A1 - Dzyza, Alla A1 - Nechyporenko, Alina ED - Chumachenko, Dmytro ED - Golland, Polina ED - Yakovlev, Sergiy T1 - Uncertainty Estimation Method for Determining Bone Density in Patients with Infiltrating Intraductal Carcinoma Undergoing Anti-Cancer Therapy T2 - Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop of IT-professionals on Artificial Intelligence (ProfIT AI 2024) 2024, Cambridge, MA, USA, September 25-27, 2024 N2 - Identification of a bone density is crucial in all branches of medicine. Assessing bone density is a labor-intensive process. Bone density is quite unstable and depends on many factors, both physiological (aging, hormonal balance) and pathological (medication use, various underlying conditions). The aim of our study is to determine bone density in patients with malignant breast tumors undergoing anti-cancer therapy. Material and Methods. The study included 50 women aged 60-70 years who were diagnosed with infiltrating intraductal carcinoma. According to established protocols, MSCT is recommended for this category of women at intervals of once every six months. The first MSCT scan was performed immediately after the diagnosis was made, before the start of treatment, and the second scan was conducted six months later. Results. The maximum radiological density was 75.8954±37.9477 Hu in the group of women who had been receiving treatment for six months, compared to 93.9388±46.9694 Hu in the group of patients who did not take the drug. Meanwhile, the minimum density showed a slight increase from 29.7295±14.8647 Hu to 38.6919±19.3460 Hu, which can be attributed to the compensatory mechanisms of the body. Conclusions. In the course of this study, bone density in patients with infiltrating intraductal carcinoma undergoing anti-cancer therapy was determined using uncertainty estimation. It was found that after six months, the first to respond to changes in density was the maximum bone density. KW - infiltrarive intraductal adenocarcinoma KW - multislice computer tomography KW - radiological bone density Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19628 UR - https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3777/short6.pdf IS - 3777 SP - 222 EP - 228 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nechyporenko, Alina A1 - Reshetnik, Viktor A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Alekseeva, Victoriia A1 - Lupyr, Andrii A1 - Gargin, Vitaliy ED - Chumachenko, Dmytro ED - Golland, Polina ED - Yakovlev, Sergiy T1 - Evaluation of Bone Radiodensity in Smokers T2 - Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop of IT-professionals on Artificial Intelligence (ProfIT AI 2024) 2024, Cambridge, MA, USA, September 25-27, 2024 N2 - One of the most prevalent harmful habits that affect people daily is smoking. The aim of our study was to investigate changes in the bone density of the human paranasal sinuses under the influence of smoking using uncertainty calculation. Material and Methods. The study involved 150 male and female individuals aged 20-40 years, which helps to exclude other factors that could influence the reduction in bone radiodensity (e.g., menopause in women, age-related changes, etc.). The participants were divided into three groups based on the duration of their smoking habits. Results. Smoking has almost no effect on the maximum bone density. All groups show nearly identical values. In the first group, consisting of individuals who smoked for up to 5 years, the maximum density is 75.22 ± 37.61 Hu. In the second group, those who smoked for up to 10 years have a density of 84.22 ± 42.11 Hu, while in the third control group, the density is 74.29 ± 37.15 Hu. On the other hand, smoking has a greater impact on the minimum radiological bone density of the upper wall of the maxillary sinus. The lowest values are found in the group of individuals who smoked for 10 or more years, with a minimum density of 23.86 ± 11.93 Hu. For those who smoked for up to 5 years, the radiological bone density was 52.65 ± 26.32 Hu. In the control group, the density values were slightly higher than those of individuals who smoked for up to 5 years, with the highest values being 58.12 ± 29.06 Hu. Conclusion. The study investigated changes in the bone density of the human paranasal sinuses under the influence of smoking, utilizing uncertainty calculation. It was found that the most sensitive indicator to nicotine exposure is the minimum radiological density, which can significantly increase the risk of developing complications. Specifically, the lowest radiological density was observed in the group of individuals who smoked for 10 years or more, with a value of 23.86 ± 11.93 Hu. KW - bone radiodensity KW - computer tomography KW - paranasal sinus KW - uncertainty Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19616 UR - https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3777/short8.pdf IS - 3777 SP - 238 EP - 244 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seeliger, Frank A1 - Litt, Stefan T1 - Mehr Geschichte geht nicht BT - Die neue und wegweisende Nationalbibliothek Israels JF - BuB : Forum Bibliothek und Information N2 - Es fällt schwer, den Blick auch für anderes zu haben, schaut man in die militärisch maximal aufgeladenen Regionen der Ukraine oder nach Israel und den gesamten Nahen Osten. Dennoch fallen in die Zeit nach dem 7. Oktober 2023 zwei keinesfalls unbedeutende bauliche Neugründungen von Bibliotheken, die ihresgleichen suchen. Über die sehr gut angenommene Nationalbibliothek in El Salvador wurde im BuB-Juliheft 2024 (S. 396-400) berichtet. In die gleiche Zeitspanne fällt die stille, halboffizielle Eröffnung der neuen Nationalbibliothek Israels (The National Library of Israel, NLI) in Jerusalem am 29. Oktober 2023. Im Brückenbau nennt man es den ersten Rammschlag, wenn die Tiefgründung ihren Anfang nimmt. Dieser liegt für die NLI einige Jahre zurück und mehr als ein ganzes Jahr ist nun seit der Eröffnung vergangen – hierzulande kaum bemerkt. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19577 VL - 76 IS - 11 SP - 578 EP - 583 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herkenhoff, Marcos Edgar A1 - Brödel, Oliver A1 - Frohme, Marcus T1 - Hops across Continents: Exploring How Terroir Transforms the Aromatic Profiles of Five Hop (Humulus lupulus) Varieties Grown in Their Countries of Origin and in Brazil JF - Plants N2 - Humulus lupulus, or hops, is a vital ingredient in brewing, contributing bitterness, flavor, and aroma. The female plants produce strobiles rich in essential oils and acids, along with bioactive compounds like polyphenols, humulene, and myrcene, which offer health benefits. This study examined the aromatic profiles of five hop varieties grown in Brazil versus their countries of origin. Fifty grams of pelletized hops from each strain were collected and analyzed using HS-SPME/GC-MS to identify volatile compounds, followed by statistical analysis with PLS-DA and ANOVA. The study identified 330 volatile compounds and found significant aromatic differences among hops from different regions. For instance, H. Mittelfrüher grown in Brazil has a fruity and herbaceous profile, while the German-grown variety is more herbal and spicy. Similar variations were noted in the Magnum, Nugget, Saaz, and Sorachi Ace varieties. The findings underscore the impact of terroir on hop aromatic profiles, with Brazilian-grown hops displaying distinct profiles compared to their counterparts from their countries of origin, including variations in aromatic notes and α-acid content. KW - HS-SPME/GC-MS KW - Humulus lupulus KW - aromatic profile KW - terroir impact KW - volatile compounds Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19470 VL - 13 IS - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radivoievych, Aleksandar A1 - Schnepel, Sophia A1 - Prylutska, Svitlana A1 - Ritter, Uwe A1 - Zolk, Oliver A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Grebinyk, Anna T1 - From 2D to 3D In Vitro World: Sonodynamically-Induced Prooxidant Proapoptotic Effects of C60-Berberine Nanocomplex on Cancer Cells JF - Cancers N2 - Recently, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has emerged as a promising non-invasive approach for treating cancer by activating sensitizers with ultrasound (US). In this context, we investigated C60 fullerene (C60) as a nanocarrier for the promising drug Berberine (Ber)—both potential aromatic sonosensitizers. The preferential mitochondrial accumulation of C60 and the proapoptotic effects of Ber also make the C60-Berberine nanocomplex (C60-Ber) a good candidate for direct induction of the intrinsic apoptotic cell death under US action. The in vitro research on C60-Ber can provide insights into novel, non-invasive cancer treatments. These findings lead to the development of targeted therapies with reduced side effects, inspire interdisciplinary collaboration, and open new avenues for drug delivery and cancer therapy research. KW - berberine KW - C60 fullerene KW - apoptosis KW - sonodynamic therapy KW - ultrasound Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19438 VL - 16 IS - 18 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balcik, Sinem Ahsen A1 - Ernst, Leonie A1 - Seeliger, Frank T1 - Bibliotheken und KI: in den Startlöchern mit Plan oder nur vereinzelt unterwegs? JF - B.I.T. online N2 - Schon vor dem Meisterstück ChatGPT von OpenAI im November 2022 sammelten Bibliotheken in Deutschland auf ganz unterschiedliche Weise Erfahrungen beim Einsatz von Technologien, welche der sogenannten Künstlichen Intelligenz zuzurechnen sind. Ob auf Konferenzen, in Publikationen oder als Beschreibung im Internet, die vielen Aktivitäten sind publik, auch weil das Thema en vogue ist. Bezogen auf die inhaltliche Erschließung aktuell mit dem finnischen Open-Source-Tool annif beginnt der Reigen an der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek und ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, bezogen auf Bild- und Filmauswertung an der TIB Hannover mit dem AV-Portal und der Plattform iArts, setzt sich fort mit der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek eigenen Bavarikon-Lösung und der reichhaltigen Fotosammlung vom stern-Archiv samit der damit angebotenen Bildähnlichkeitssuche. Weitere Beispiele an Projekten und Hilfestellungen lassen sich aufzeigen, wie zur Layout- und Strukturanalyse historischer Zeitungen bis hin zur Qualitätssicherung beim Einsatz von Optical Character Recognition (OCR) an der Berliner Staatsbibliothek, im Kontext von Digital Humanities an der HU Berlin mit Quidex, im Zusammenhang mit Forschungsdaten der ORKG von der TIB Hannover, ähnlich Geoestimation Bildmaterial topographisch zuordnet etc. Große und leistungsstarke Bibliotheken mit teils eigenen Forschungs- und Entwicklungskapazitäten können bereits auf umfangreiches, teils zehnjähriges Erfahrungswissen zurückgreifen. Seit 2023 bieten zahlreiche Hochschul- und Universitätsbibliotheken zudem Unterstützung bei KI-Tools für Recherchen nach Publikationen, Schreibwerkstätten oder zu Analyse von pdf-Dokumenten ihren Zielgruppen an. Mit dem VÖBB in Berlin startete die erste Öffentliche Bibliothek, ihre Katalog- und Metadaten seit Mitte 2024 über einen Chatbot ‘erfahrbar’ zu machen. Erste informelle Arbeitsgruppen fanden sich zusammen, wie z.B. beim DINI oder in Bibliotheksverbünden. Zentralste Anlaufstelle in der Dokumentation zu KI-Ausführungen ist bislang das Bibliotheksportal, die BiblioCon jährlich verlässliche Bühne, für die Präsentation und Diskussion anliegender Themen. Dennoch ist man im Bereich der Hochschul- und Universitätsbibliotheken weit entfernt von einer zentral orchestrierten Aufstellung der Informationseinrichtungen hierzulande zu KI-Technologien, einer Entwicklung, die sich ohnehin anschickt, durchgreifend und nachhaltig Arbeitsprozesse und die Informationslandschaft zu verändern. Stellenweise werden Aspekte zu KI in Strategieprozessen tangiert. Erwähnt seien diese für die Berliner Staatsbibliothek, den Bibliotheksverbund KOBV, die Sektion IV des Deutschen Bibliotheksverbandes, an der UB der FU Berlin etc. Zwei im curricularen Kontext entstandene Arbeiten aus Darmstadt von Frau Balcik und aus München/Berlin von Frau Ernst widmen sich dem Status quo mit qualitativen und quantitativen Ansätzen, und können eine Anregung sein. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19486 SN - 2193-4193 VL - 27 IS - 5 SP - 489 EP - 492 ER - TY - THES A1 - Rieper, Lukas T1 - Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen Überholabständen von Kraftfahrzeugen zu Radfahrenden und Fahrradinfrastrukturmerkmalen anhand von OpenBikeSensor- und OpenStreetMap-Daten aus Berlin und Brandenburg T1 - Investigation of the relationship between overtaking distances of motor vehicles to cyclists and bicycle infrastucture characteristics using OpenBikeSensor and OpenStreetMap data from Berlin and Brandenburg N2 - Sowohl das Bundesverkehrsministerium als auch das Verkehrsministerium Brandenburgs haben sich das Ziel gesetzt, den Anteil des Radverkehrs von 2017 bis 2030 zu verdoppeln. Ein wichtiger Faktor bei der Wahl des Fahrrads als Verkehrsmittel ist die subjektive Sicherheit. Diese wird stark beeinflusst durch Überholvorgänge von Kraftfahrzeugen. Seit 2020 ist in der Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung ein Mindestabstand von 1,50 m festgesetzt, den Kraftfahrzeuge innerorts beim Überholen von Radfahrenden einhalten müssen. In Forschungsarbeiten zum Überholverhalten zeigte sich, dass dieser Abstand häufig unterschritten wird und dass die Infrastruktur einen Einfluss auf den Überholabstand hat. Mit dem Überholabstandsmessgerät „OpenBikeSensor“ wurden in den letzten Jahren über 270.000 Überholvorgänge erfasst. Um die Daten auszuwerten zu können, müssen die Informationen zur Infrastruktur am Ort des Überholvorgangs aus einer anderen Quelle gewonnen werden. Ziel dieser Arbeit war herauszufinden, inwieweit die ebenfalls frei verfügbaren Daten aus der OpenStreetMap dafür geeignet sind. Dafür wurde einerseits eine Recherche im OpenStreetMap-Wiki durchgeführt, in welchem dokumentiert ist, wie Objekte zu erfassen sind. Andererseits wurden die für Berlin und Brandenburg verfügbaren Daten aus OpenBikeSensoren und der OpenStreetMap miteinander verknüpft und ausgewertet. Um die Güte von Auswertungsergebnissen einschätzen zu können, wurden sechs Analysen aus anderen Forschungsarbeiten nachvollzogen. Es zeigte sich, dass erreichbare Ergebnisse eine gute Vergleichbarkeit mit den Ergebnissen anderer Forschungen aufweisen, wenn eine hohe Anzahl von Überholvorgängen und eine detaillierte Beschreibung der untersuchten Infrastruktur vorliegen, und dass die kombinierten Daten weitreichende Analysen ermöglichen können. Die wesentliche Einschränkung liegt darin, dass für viele Straßen noch keine ausreichende Beschreibung in der OpenStreetMap verfügbar ist. Eine Tendenz zur Zunahme dieser Informationen war erkennbar. N2 - Both the German and the Brandenburg Ministry of Transport have set themselves the goal of doubling the share of bicycle traffic from 2017 to 2030. An important factor in choosing the bicycle as mode of transport is the perceived safety, which is highly affected by being overtaken by motorised vehicles. Since 2020, the German road traffic regulations have stipulated a lateral passing distance of a minimum of 1.50 m that motorists must maintain when overtaking cyclists. Studies showed that this is often not adhered to, and that infrastructure design has an impact on the lateral passing distance. With OpenBikeSensors – a device to measure lateral passing distances – more than 270,000 overtaking events have been measured in the last few years. In order to analyse this data, information on the infrastructure at the place of the overtaking event has to be obtained from an additional source. The goal of this study was to find out to what extent the likewise freely available OpenStreetMap-Data is suitable for this. On the one hand this was attained by conducting research on the OpenStreetMap-Wiki which is the place where the rules for mapping are documented. On the other hand, the available OpenStreetMap- and OpenBikeSensor-Data for Berlin and Brandenburg were linked and analysed. In order to assess the quality of possible research outcomes six analysis from other studies were reconstructed. It was found that the results achieved show a good accordance with the results of other studies if a high number of events could be used, and that the combination of the two data sets can allow a wide range of analysis. The usability of the OpenStreetMap, though, is limited by the fact that many roads are still lacking detailed information on some aspects of the infrastructure – a tendency to an increase in information density could be detected. KW - Radverkehr KW - Überholabstand KW - OpenBikeSensor KW - OpenStreetMap Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19466 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rykova, Eugenia A1 - Walther, Mathias ED - of Hawai’i at Manoa, University T1 - AphaDIGITAL – Digital Speech Therapy Solution for Aphasia Patients with Automatic Feedback Provided by a Virtual Assistant T2 - Proceedings of the 57th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences N2 - This paper introduces aphaDIGITAL – a mobile application for speech and language therapy (SLT) support of German-speaking people with aphasia. The app includes automatic speech recognition and text analysis components, which allows giving detailed feedback to the users on different types of errors. Furthermore, the exercises are accompanied by an avatar-based SLT assistant, which is created for this specific purpose. The user performs the exercises, individually configured for her by the SLT practitioner, on a mobile device. Data collection and processing are carried out on the server. KW - automatic speech recognition KW - digital health KW - embodied conversational agent KW - language technology KW - speech and language therapy Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19453 SN - 978-0-9981331-7-1 SP - 3385 EP - 3394 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heuer, Joseline A1 - Krenz-Baath, René A1 - Obermaisser, Roman T1 - Human-heart-model for hardware-in-the-loop testing of pacemakers JF - Computers in Biology and Medicine N2 - To guarantee the safety of medical devices, including embedded systems, it is essential to consider both electronic components and the natural environment during validation and verification. In contrast to prior research, we present a hardware-in-the-loop environment that connects a real medical system to a biological model in real time for validation, including the modeling of the mechanical component of the heart valves in addition to the modeling of the electrical conduction and electrical stimulation of the heart chambers. Our model accounts for the dynamic adaptation of the temporal processes in the heart chambers to the pacing frequency of the individual chambers as a function of the action potential. This study investigates two additional risk factors affecting the heart under different conditions: pacemaker syndrome and electrical stimulation during the vulnerable phase. Both can be life-threatening to the patient if left untreated. In implementing our concept on a physical pacemaker connected to our software-based model of the heart, we discovered that the test pacemaker was unable to generate the required heart rate in three of the scenarios we tested. Additionally, our tests revealed occurrences of pacemaker syndrome and stimulation in the vulnerable phase. KW - human-heart-model KW - hardware-in-the-loop KW - pacemaker Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19423 SN - 0010-4825 VL - 180 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Liebchen, Christian A1 - Türk, Christoph A1 - Vornhusen, Benedikt T1 - An Integer Programming Model to Assign Train Drivers to Good Positions in Basic Turni N2 - We are reporting on a project on duty rostering of a train operating company in Germany. There, in the past, rostering took place on a purely individual basis. As the goal of the project, the train drivers should work according to a set of 20 essentially fixed basic turni. These plans took into effect from January 2024 on. In this extended abstract, we are focusing on a specific task that had to be resolved within the transition process. In particular, the fixed turni are intended to repeat periodically, most of them after 17 weeks. In particular, for that one turnus is equipped with train drivers in a balanced way, 17 employees have to be assigned to this turnus, each of them to one of the 17 different weeks of the turnus to start. To cover each day of the week, the weeks of the turnus typically differ in their number of working days. Since the holidays of the train drivers had been already planned in advance, depending on the starting week, during the entire year, a smaller or larger number of working days of the turnus could be erased by the individual holidays. In order to preserve as many working days as necessary, a straightforward mixed-integer linear optimization problem has been designed and solved, to decide which train driver should start to work in which week of the turnus. The solution of this optimization run has been finally applied in practice. KW - crew scheduling KW - driver rostering KW - turni KW - change project Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19354 ER - TY - THES A1 - Nierich, Toni T1 - Protektionselemente an geschützten Radfahrstreifen - Eine Untersuchung zur Eignung verschiedener Ausführungen für den flächendeckenden Einsatz auf städtischen Hauptverkehrsstraßen N2 - Die Führung des Radverkehrs auf Hauptverkehrsstraßen ist unter anderem aufgrund der verkehrlichen Verhältnisse mit einem hohen Anspruch an Sicherheit und Komfort der Radfahrenden verbunden. Herkömmliche Radfahrstreifen um eine physische Trennung zu erweitern, kann jene Anforderungen adressieren und somit einen bedeutsamen Bestandteil zur Förderung des städtischen Radverkehrs bilden. Die Wahl des Elements zur Trennung von Kfz- und Radverkehr ist Gegenstand der Verkehrsplanung und unterliegt rigiden technischen und situationsabhängigen Ansprüchen. Derzeit existiert jedoch weder eine Vorgabe, wie diese physische Trennung auszubilden ist, noch liegen Anhaltspunkte vor, nach denen die Wahl des Protektionselements getroffen werden kann. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit besteht darin, die Anforderungen an Protektionselemente zu identifizieren und auf dieser Grundlage gängige Ausführungen der Protektion hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung für den Einsatz an geschützten Radfahrstreifen zu bewerten. Ein weiterer Bestandteil der Studie umfasst die Analyse der Auswirkungen städtebaulicher und verkehrlicher Rahmenbedingungen eines Streckenabschnittes auf die Anforderungen an Protektionselemente. Abschließend werden Handlungsempfehlungen für die Planung geschützter Radfahrstreifen formuliert. Es ergibt sich folgende leitende Forschungsfrage: Welche Ausführungen von Protektionselementen sind für den flächendeckenden Einsatz an geschützten Radfahrstreifen im städtischen Raum geeignet? Zur Beantwortung der leitenden Forschungsfrage werden folgende sekundäre Forschungsfragen formuliert: Welche Anforderungen werden an Protektionselemente gestellt und wie können diese Anforderungen erfüllt werden? Inwiefern beeinflussen die Rahmenbedingungen eines Streckenabschnitts die Anforderungen an Protektionselemente? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen wird auf eine Kombination qualitativer Forschungsmethoden zurückgegriffen. Durch Interviews mit Expertinnen und Experten werden Anforderungen an Protektionselemente erhoben. Um Auswirkungen des Betriebs aufzunehmen, werden bereits bestehende Ausführungen von Protektionen in Berlin begutachtet und analysiert. Auf Grundlage der Eigenschaften verschiedener Protektionsarten werden ausgewählte Ausführungen und Gruppen von Protektionselementen hinsichtlich der Erfüllung der zuvor definierten Anforderungen bewertet. Diese Bewertung, die Definition der Anforderungen sowie die Analyse des Einflusses straßenraumspezifischer Merkmale städtischer Hauptverkehrsstraßen bilden die Grundlage für die spätere Formulierung von Handlungsbedarfen und -empfehlungen für Forschung, Entwicklung und Planung. Die Untersuchung hat gezeigt, dass unterschiedliche, teilwiese konträre Anforderungen an Protektionselemente gestellt werden, die wiederum partiell erheblich von den Rahmenbedingungen eines Streckenabschnittes abhängig sind. Eine zentrale Anforderung an die Protektion ist eine hohe Widerstandsfähigkeit der Elemente gegen mechanische Einwirkungen. Diese Bedingung führt dazu, dass fragile Elemente, vornehmlich aus Kunststoff (bspw. Leitbaken und flexible Sperrpfosten) nicht für den flächendeckenden Einsatz an geschützten Radfahrstreifen geeignet sind. Flache, besonders widerstandsfähige Konstruktionen (z.B. Betonbord) sind am ehesten geeignet. Dabei haben die Merkmale eines Streckenabschnittes Einfluss auf die Anforderungen und somit insbesondere auf die geometrische Ausführung der Elemente. Die Aufteilung des Straßenraumes, die Nutzungsstrukturen der angrenzenden Flächen oder auch die Geschwindigkeiten und Verkehrsstärken des Kfz-Verkehrs beeinflussen die Relevanz mancher Anforderungen. Betonborde, welche durch ihre Geometrie die vorherrschenden Rahmenbedingungen eines Streckenabschnittes erfüllen und punktuell durch Elemente mit ergänzenden Eigenschaften, wie massive Sperrpfosten, kombiniert werden, sind für den flächendeckenden Einsatz an geschützten Radfahrstreifen am ehesten geeignet. Für die Verkehrsplanung wird empfohlen, vermehrt auf eine solche Kombination von Elementen zurückzugreifen. Die Einflüsse der Merkmale städtischer Hauptverkehrsstraßen sind dabei zu beachten. Deutlich wird auch, dass es kein ideales Element gibt, da mehrere Anforderungen in Konflikt miteinander stehen. Daher bestehen zentrale Handlungsbedarfe in der Weiterentwicklung der hier vorgenommenen Untersuchung, der Erforschung von Auswirkungen verschiedener Konstruktionen auf das Verkehrsverhalten und letztendlich in der Entwicklung von Elementen, welche die Anforderungen in Abhängigkeit der Merkmale eines Streckenabschnittes in einem angemessenen Maße erfüllen. KW - Protektionselemente KW - geschützte Radfahrstreifen Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19335 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prell, Bastian A1 - Reiff-Stephan, Jörg T1 - A Use Case for Digital Tools in Crafts: Simulation and Virtual Reality for Carpentries JF - Simulation Notes Europe N2 - This paper presents an integrated approach to explore human factors in the craft sector. The embedded use case consists of craft workshops being 3D-modelled and simulated so that different scheduling rules can be deployed. The connected VR visualization allows craft professionals to experience scheduling rules and their impact on different performance measurements in an environ-ment intuitively resembling their actual workshops. The lessons learned from the simulation modelling are collected and presented. A modular approach appears to be beneficial for simulation modelling, offering flexibility and pragmatism but detail when needed. Apart from this anecdotal evidence, the study is accompanied by interviews. These are analyzed based on abduction grounded theory which combines a strong focus on the actual corpus of qualitative data but considers theoretical foundations, when appropriate. This paper presents the study design, and how it interties with the research approach and the use case of simulation and virtual reality for carpentries. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19326 SN - 2305-9974 VL - 33 IS - 4 SP - 191 EP - 198 ER - TY - BOOK ED - Assmann, Tom ED - Bürklen, Anna ED - Gruber, Johannes ED - Knese, Dennis ED - Mayregger, Patrick ED - Rudolph, Christian T1 - Radlogistik: Grundlagen zu Logistik und Wirtschaftsverkehr mit Lasten- und Transporträdern N2 - Aus den Straßen europäischer Städte sind sie kaum noch wegzudenken: Lasten- und Transporträder. Im Personenverkehr sind sie für Einkäufe und Kindertransporte bereits Standard, ebenso im Kuriersegment sowie der Paketzustellung. Besonders in der Logistik und im Wirtschaftsverkehr liegt noch ein sehr breit gefächertes und ausdifferenziertes Einsatzpotenzial. Die Renaissance des Lastenrads als Transportmittel nimmt auch im gewerblichen Sektor an Bedeutung zu. Das Open Access-Buch bietet in dieser Form erstmals systematisch aufbereitetes Wissen für Praktiker in Wirtschaft, Politik und Verwaltung sowie für Studierende in den Bereichen Logistik und Verkehrsplanung. Zu den einzelnen Aspekten der Radlogistik (u. a. Fahrzeuge und Technik, gewerblicher Einsatz, logistischer Einsatz, Planung, Infrastrukturen, intermodale Einbindung, Best-Practice-Beispiele, Entwicklungstrends) haben national renommierte Wissenschaftler:innen Beiträge verfasst. Dieses Buch bündelt den aktuellen Wissensstand auf Basis von Forschungsergebnissen und stellt ihn kompakt und übersichtlich dar. KW - Güterverkehr KW - Lastenrad KW - Letzte Meile KW - Logistik KW - Logistikplanung KW - Verkehr KW - Verkehrsplanung KW - Wirtschaftsverkehr Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19318 SN - 978-3-658-44449-5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Göbel, Gero A1 - Müller, Florian A1 - Talke, Anja A1 - Ahnert, Uwe A1 - Lisdat, Fred T1 - Qualitative and quantitative protease activity tests based on protein degradation in three-dimensional structures JF - Bioelectrochemistry N2 - The pattern of the activity of proteases is related to distinct physiological states of living organisms. Often activity changes of a certain protease can be assigned to a specific disease. Hence, they are useful biomarkers and a simple and fast determination method of their activity could be a valuable tool for the efficient monitoring of numerous diseases. Here, two different methods for the qualitative and quantitative determination of protease activity are demonstrated using the model system of proteinase K. The first test system is based on a protein-modified and colored 3D silica structure that changes color when exposed to the enzyme. This method has also been used for the detection of matrix metallo-protease 2 (MMP2) with gelatine as protease substrate on the plates. The second detection system uses the decrease in the voltammetric signal of a cytochrome c/DNA multilayer electrode after incubation with a protease to quantitatively determine its proteolytic activity. While activities down to 0.15 U/ml can be detected with the first method, the second one provides detection limits of about 0.03 U/ml (for proteinase K.) The functionality of both systems can be demonstrated and ways for further enhancement of sensitivity have been elucidated. KW - multilayer electrode KW - protease activity KW - proteinase K KW - silica gel Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19294 SN - 1567-5394 VL - 160 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seeliger, Frank A1 - Bartel, Martina A1 - Kobs, Michael A1 - Oschlies Pineda, Isabel A1 - Wiech, Susanne T1 - Ein modernes Zentrum für Bildung und Kultur BT - BINAES – Die neue Nationalbibliothek von El Salvador JF - BuB : Forum Bibliothek und Information N2 - Lange Zeit galt der historische Stadtkern San Salvadors – Hauptstadt des kleinen mittelamerikanischen Landes El Salvador – als hektisch bis gefährlich, und damit insgesamt als wenig attraktiv zum Schlendern und Durchführen von Gästen und Touristen. Hemdsärmelig schaffte der medienwirksame Präsident Nayib Bukele nicht nur eine Aufbruchstimmung insgesamt, sondern gleichfalls einen Neuanfang, unter anderem mit dem Neubau einer Nationalbibliothek. Er entschied sich bewusst für die Investition in eine solche leuchtturmartige Informationseinrichtung. Ausschließlich von China finanziert, verwandelte sich anfängliche Skepsis in große Begeisterung. Die Menschen nehmen das Angebot in Scharen rund um die Uhr an. Sie wollen Zugang erhalten in eine Welt, die es vordem in Mittelamerika nicht gegeben hat und ihresgleichen sucht. Diese öffentliche Bibliothek weiß mit ihrer Architektur, dem Service und der Medienausrichtung zu begeistern, was anzuhalten scheint, blickt man auf den nicht abreißenden Zuspruch, den der library turn nach sich zieht. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19285 VL - 76 IS - 07 SP - 396 EP - 400 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kallabis, Conrad A1 - Beyerlein, Peter A1 - Lisdat, Fred T1 - Quantitative determination of dopamine in the presence of interfering substances supported by machine learning tools JF - Bioelectrochemistry N2 - In the field of neuroscience as well as in the clinical setting, the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) is an analyte which is important for research as well as medical purposes. There are plenty of methods available to measure dopamine quantitatively, with voltammetric ones such as differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) being among the most convenient and simple ones. However, dopamine often occurs, either naturally or because of the requirements of involved enzymatic systems, alongside substances that can influence the signal it produces upon electrochemical conversion. An example for such substances is the magnesium ion, which itself is not electrochemically active in the potential range needed for DA oxidation, but influences the dopamine signal. We have characterized the properties of DPV signals subject to the interaction between DA and Mg2+ and show that, although these properties are changing in a nonlinear fashion when both concentrations are varying, relatively simple linear mathematical models can be used to determine dopamine concentrations quantitatively in the presence of magnesium ions. The focus of this study is thus, the mathematical treatment of experimental data in order to overcome an analytical problem and not the investigation of the chemical background of DA-Mg2+ interaction. KW - dopamine KW - voltammetric detection KW - interference KW - magnesium ion KW - multiple linear regression KW - Bayesian linear regression KW - multivariate calibration models Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19277 SN - 1567-5394 VL - 157 IS - 108667 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lopes Martínez, Igor A1 - Cuesta Santos, Armando A1 - Vilalta Alonso, José A1 - Sonia Fleitas Triana, María A1 - Delgado Fernández, Tatiana A1 - Neumann, Gaby A1 - Cruz Ruíz, Alegna T1 - Creating capacities: towards industry 5.0 in the training of industrial engineers T1 - Creando capacidades: hacia la industria 5.0 en la formación de ingenieros industriales JF - Revista Cubana de Administración Pública y Empresarial N2 - The objective of this paper, based on the characterization of Industry 5.0 and its implicit Education 5.0, is to deal with experiences with industrial engineers in training, in the Cuban university context, associated with the competencies to be developed in the process of "active learning", in the transition towards an industry 5.0 in Cuba. This Education 5.0 implies two aspects of competences: those of high cognition of technologies or work processes and those of organizational management. They will be developed through Education 5.0 associated with the enabling technologies of that evolved Industry 4.0 or 5.0. Observation was used as a method, covering both documentary analysis and the participant made by teachers and students in "active learning". As results of the investigation, the characteristics of this Industry with its Education 5.0 and the peculiarities that are evident in the training of industrial engineers are expressed. N2 - El objetivo del artículo, partiendo de la caracterización de la Industria 5.0 y su implícita Educación 5.0, es tratar experiencias con ingenieros industriales en formación, en el contexto universitario cubano, asociado a las competencias a desarrollar en el proceso de “aprendizaje activo”, en el tránsito hacia una industria 5.0 en Cuba. Esa Educación 5.0 implica dos vertientes de competencias: las de alta cognición de tecnologías o procesos de trabajo y las de gestión organizacional. Las mismas se desarrollarán mediante la Educación 5.0 asociadas a las tecnologías habilitadoras de esa Industria 4.0 evolucionada o 5.0. Como método se utilizó la observación, abarcando tanto el análisis documental como la participante hecha por profesores y estudiantes en el “aprendizaje activo”. Como resultados de la investigación se expresan las características de esa Industria con su Educación 5.0 y las peculiaridades que se evidencian en la formación de ingenieros industriales. KW - Industry 5.0 KW - job skills KW - active learning Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19261 UR - https://apye.esceg.cu/index.php/apye/article/view/230 VL - 6 IS - 2 ER -