TY - JOUR A1 - Kinuthia, Chuaga A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Brödel, Oliver A1 - Mugendi, Beatrice T1 - LCMS Analysis of Biochemical Composition in Different Kenyan Coffee Classifications JF - Food Science and Quality Management N2 - Kenyan coffee is classified by defects after grading by the ‘Devonshire method.’ The method involves classification of the coffee beans into different classes based on the raw and roasted coffees and cup quality, with class one being the best and ten the poorest. In this study, the relationship between classification of the coffee and the content of sucrose, trigonelline, caffeine and chlorogenic acids was determined by simultaneous LC-MS analysis. By using the sensory variables the class 3 coffee portrayed the best quality, followed by class 4 and 5 which were placed further distinctively from the other classes (6, 7, 8 and 9). The class 3 coffee had a high percent of non-defective beans with 94.31% and class 9 had a high defect count at 79.53% hence the defective beans increased with decrease in coffee class. The caffeine concentration in green coffee for class 3 coffee was significantly different from the rest of the coffees at 1.23 ± 0.00g/100g. A higher content of trigonelline levels was observed as the quality of the green coffee decreased in classes 6, 7 and 8. The highest level of sucrose in green coffee beans was observed in class 3 coffee and the lowest in the class 9. Lower content of chlorogenic acids were observed among the high quality coffees i.e. class 3, 4 and 5 with class 3 having the lowest while a higher content was observed among the lower quality coffees i.e. classes 6, 7 and 9 with class 6 having a higher content was it significantly different in class 6 compared to 7 and 9?. Quantities of different chemical components among the classes are clear indicators that the classification method used on the Kenyan coffees brings out the differences in coffee quality based on the analysis of the green and the roasted coffees. KW - biochemical composition KW - coffee classification KW - LCMS Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-10185 UR - http://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/FSQM/article/view/39645 SN - 2225-0557 VL - 69 SP - 44 EP - 52 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prylutska, Svitlana A1 - Grynyuk, I. A1 - Grebinyk, Anna A1 - Hurmach, V. A1 - Shatrava, Iu. A1 - Sliva, T. A1 - Amirkhanov, V. A1 - Prylutskyy, Yuriy A1 - Matyshevska, Olga A1 - Slobodyanik, M. A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Ritter, Uwe T1 - Cytotoxic Effects of Dimorfolido-N-Trichloroacetylphosphorylamide and Dimorfolido-N-Benzoylphosphorylamide in Combination with C60 Fullerene on Leukemic Cells and Docking Study of Their Interaction with DNA JF - Nanoscale Research Letters N2 - Dimorfolido-N-trichloroacetylphosphorylamide (HL1) and dimorfolido-N-benzoylphosphorylamide (HL2) as representatives of carbacylamidophosphates were synthesized and identified by the methods of IR, 1H, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. In vitro HL1 and HL2 at 1 mM concentration caused cell specific and time-dependent decrease of leukemic cell viability. Compounds caused the similar gradual decrease of Jurkat cells viability at 72 h (by 35%). HL1 had earlier and more profound toxic effect as compared to HL2 regardless on leukemic cell line. Viability of Molt-16 and CCRF-CEM cells under the action of HL1 was decreased at 24 h (by 32 and 45%, respectively) with no substantial further reducing up to 72 h. Toxic effect of HL2 was detected only at 72 h of incubation of Jurkat and Molt-16 cells (cell viability was decreased by 40 and 45%, respectively). It was shown that C60 fullerene enhanced the toxic effect of HL2 on leukemic cells. Viability of Jurkat and CCRF-CEM cells at combined action of C60 fullerene and HL2 was decreased at 72 h (by 20 and 24%, respectively) in comparison with the effect of HL2 taken separately. In silico study showed that HL1 and HL2 can interact with DNA and form complexes with DNA both separately and in combination with C60 fullerene. More stable complexes are formed when DNA interacts with HL1 or C60 + HL2 structure. Strong stacking interactions can be formed between HL2 and C60 fullerene. Differences in the types of identified bonds and ways of binding can determine distinction in cytotoxic effects of studied compounds. KW - dimorfolido-N-trichloroacetylphosphorylamide KW - dimorfolido-N-benzoylphosphorylamide KW - C60 fullerene KW - leukemic cell KW - DNA KW - computer modeling Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-9273 SN - 1556-276X VL - 12 IS - 124 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radke, Lars A1 - Sandig, Grit A1 - Lubitz, Annika A1 - Schließer, Ulrike A1 - von Horsten, Hans Henning A1 - Blanchard, Véronique A1 - Keil, Karolin A1 - Sandig, Volker A1 - Giese, Christoph A1 - Hummel, Michael A1 - Hinderlich, Stephan A1 - Frohme, Marcus T1 - In Vitro Evaluation of Glycoengineered RSV-F in the Human Artificial Lymph Node Reactor JF - Bioengineering N2 - Subunit vaccines often require adjuvants to elicit sustained immune activity. Here, a method is described to evaluate the efficacy of single vaccine candidates in the preclinical stage based on cytokine and gene expression analysis. As a model, the recombinant human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein (RSV-F) was produced in CHO cells. For comparison, wild-type and glycoengineered, afucosylated RSV-F were established. Both glycoprotein vaccines were tested in a commercial Human Artificial Lymph Node in vitro model (HuALN®). The analysis of six key cytokines in cell culture supernatants showed well-balanced immune responses for the afucosylated RSV-F, while immune response of wild-type RSV-F was more Th1 accentuated. In particular, stronger and specific secretion of interleukin-4 after each round of re-stimulation underlined higher potency and efficacy of the afucosylated vaccine candidate. Comprehensive gene expression analysis by nCounter gene expression assay confirmed the stronger onset of the immunologic reaction in stimulation experiments with the afucosylated vaccine in comparison to wild-type RSV-F and particularly revealed prominent activation of Th17 related genes, innate immunity, and comprehensive activation of humoral immunity. We, therefore, show that our method is suited to distinguish the potency of two vaccine candidates with minor structural differences. KW - glycoengineering KW - fucosylation KW - RSV KW - F-protein KW - NanoString Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-9831 SN - 2306-5354 VL - 4 IS - 3 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wettstein, Christoph A1 - Kano, Kenji A1 - Schäfer, Daniel A1 - Wollenberger, Ulla A1 - Lisdat, Fred T1 - Die Flavin-abhängige Fruktosedehydrogenase und Cytochrom c: Elektronentransfer und Sensorstrategien T2 - Wissenschaftliche Beiträge 2017 N2 - Die hier durchgeführten Untersuchungen ermöglichen ein besseres Verständnis der Elektronentransferprozesse zwischen der Flavin-abhängigen Fruktosedehydrogenase (FDH) und dem Redoxprotein Cytochrom c (Cyt c). Dies liefert im Hinblick auf sensorische Anwendungen wichtige Erkenntnisse für vorteilhafte Sensorarchitekturen und deren Messbedingungen. Es wurden zwei unterschiedliche pH-Optima für die Redoxreaktion der beiden Proteine untereinander entdeckt. Die Reaktion wurde im Weiteren mit Elektroden kombiniert und so eine Fruktose-abhängige Stromantwort detektiert. Darüber hinaus konnten definierte dreidimensionale Sensorarchitekturen der beiden Proteine, mit Hilfe von DNA als zusätzlichen biologischen Baustein erzeugt und für die Sensorik genutzt werden. N2 - With regard to sensor application, flavin-dependent fructose dehydrogenase (FDH) and the redox protein cytochrome c (cyt c) were examined for a better understanding of electron transfer (ET) pathways. First, two different pH optima could be determined for the reaction of both proteins. A fructose-dependent signal can be achieved on a cyt c electrode with adsorbed FDH as well as with the enzyme in solution. Furthermore, fructose sensors could be produced using a defined arrangement of cyt c and FDH by the layer-by-layer technique with DNA as a second building block. Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-9379 SN - 0949-8214 VL - 21 SP - 13 EP - 21 ER -