TY - JOUR A1 - Karakuş, Mehmet A1 - Nasereddin, Abed A1 - Onay, Hüseyin A1 - Karaca, Emin A1 - Özkeklikçi, Ahmet A1 - Jaffe, Charles L. A1 - Kuhls, Katrin A1 - Özbilgin, Ahmet A1 - Ertabaklar, Hatice A1 - Demir, Samiye A1 - Özbel, Yusuf A1 - Töz, Seray T1 - Epidemiological analysis of Leishmania tropica strains and giemsa-stained smears from Syrian and Turkish leishmaniasis patients using multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) JF - PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases N2 - Turkey is located in an important geographical location, in terms of the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases, linking Asia and Europe. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the endemic diseases in a Turkey and according to the Ministry Health of Turkey, 45% of CL patients originate from Şanlıurfa province located in southeastern Turkey. Herein, the epidemiological status of CL, caused by L. tropica, in Turkey was examined using multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) of strains obtained from Turkish and Syrian patients. A total of 38 cryopreserved strains and 20 Giemsa-stained smears were included in the present study. MLMT was performed using 12 highly specific microsatellite markers. Delta K (ΔK) calculation and Bayesian statistics were used to determine the population structure. Three main populations (POP A, B and C) were identified and further examination revealed the presence of three subpopulations for POP B and C. Combined analysis was performed using the data of previously typed L. tropica strains and Mediterranean and Şanlıurfa populations were identified. This finding suggests that the epidemiological status of L. tropica is more complicated than expected when compared to previous studies. A new population, comprised of Syrian L. tropica samples, was reported for the first time in Turkey, and the data presented here will provide new epidemiological information for further studies. Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-9313 SN - 1935-2735 VL - 11 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerhard, Christoph A1 - Stappenbeck, Marco T1 - Impact of the Polishing Suspension Concentration on Laser Damage of Classically Manufactured and Plasma Post-Processed Zinc Crown Glass Surfaces JF - Applied Sciences N2 - The laser-induced damage threshold of optics is an issue of essential importance in high-power laser applications. However, the complex and partially interacting mechanisms as well as the underlying reasons for laser damage of glass surfaces are not yet fully understood. The aim of the present work is to contribute to a better understanding of such damage mechanisms by providing original results on the impact of classical glass surface machining on the laser-induced damage threshold. For this purpose, glass samples were prepared with well-defined process conditions in terms of the used lapping and polishing agents and suspensions. Further, the samples were post-processed by atmospheric pressure plasma for precision cleaning. The laser-induced damage threshold and surface contamination by residues from the manufacturing process were determined before and after plasma post-processing. It is shown that the polishing suspension concentration has a certain impact on the laser-induced damage threshold and surface contamination by residues from used working materials. The highest damage threshold of 15.2 J/cm² is found for the lowest surface contamination by carbon which occurs in the case of the highest polishing suspension concentration. After plasma treatment for merely 60 s, this value was increased to 20.3 J/cm² due to the removal of surface-adherent carbon. The results thus imply that the laser-induced damage threshold can notably be increased by first choosing appropriate process parameters during classical manufacturing and second plasma post-processing for surface finishing. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-10556 SN - 2076-3417 VL - 8 IS - 9 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dimitrov, Kiril A1 - Herzog, Michael A1 - Nenkova, Sanchi T1 - Fe3O4 Modification of Microcrystalline Cellulose for Composite Materials JF - American Journal of Chemistry N2 - A new synthesis method for producing cellulose ferrite micro- and nano- composites was developed and new material properties were studied. Microcrystalline cellulose was modified with a mixture of Fe+2/Fe+3 to produce surface bonded nanoparticles magnetite (Fe3O4). Optimal conditions were determined. Microsized hematite (Fe2O3) was mixed with microcrystalline cellulose and used as a reference. The magnetite modified microcrystalline cellulose and hematite filled microcrystalline cellulose were used together with polyurethane prepolymer. New composite crosslinked conductivity materials based on the magnetite modified microcrystalline or hematite filled microcrystalline cellulose and polyurethane were developed. Morphology, crystalline properties, water absorption and electro conductivity of these materials were characterized. The physical properties of these materials were characterized by different analytical methods: SEM, XRD, water absorption and electrical resistance. KW - microcrystalline cellulose KW - magnetite KW - SEM KW - XRD Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-9651 SN - 2165-8781 VL - 3 IS - 5 SP - 140 EP - 147 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meier, Richard A1 - Graw, Stefan A1 - Beyerlein, Peter A1 - Koestler, Devin A1 - Molina, Julian R. A1 - Chien, Jeremy T1 - digit—a tool for detection and identification of genomic interchromosomal translocations JF - Nucleic Acids Research N2 - Structural variations (SVs) in genomic DNA can have profound effects on the evolution of living organisms, on phenotypic variations and on disease processes. A critical step in discovering the full extent of structural variations is the development of tools to characterize these variations accurately in next generation sequencing data. Toward this goal, we developed a software pipeline named digit that implements a novel measure of mapping ambiguity to discover interchromosomal SVs from mate-pair and pair-end sequencing data. The workflow robustly handles the high numbers of artifacts present in mate-pair sequencing and reduces the false positive rate while maintaining sensitivity. In the simulated data set, our workflow recovered 96% of simulated SVs. It generates a self-updating library of common translocations and allows for the investigation of patient- or group-specific events, making it suitable for discovering and cataloging chromosomal translocations associated with specific groups, traits, diseases or population structures. Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-9697 SN - 1362-4962 VL - 45 IS - 9 SP - e72 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kinuthia, Chuaga A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Brödel, Oliver A1 - Mugendi, Beatrice T1 - LCMS Analysis of Biochemical Composition in Different Kenyan Coffee Classifications JF - Food Science and Quality Management N2 - Kenyan coffee is classified by defects after grading by the ‘Devonshire method.’ The method involves classification of the coffee beans into different classes based on the raw and roasted coffees and cup quality, with class one being the best and ten the poorest. In this study, the relationship between classification of the coffee and the content of sucrose, trigonelline, caffeine and chlorogenic acids was determined by simultaneous LC-MS analysis. By using the sensory variables the class 3 coffee portrayed the best quality, followed by class 4 and 5 which were placed further distinctively from the other classes (6, 7, 8 and 9). The class 3 coffee had a high percent of non-defective beans with 94.31% and class 9 had a high defect count at 79.53% hence the defective beans increased with decrease in coffee class. The caffeine concentration in green coffee for class 3 coffee was significantly different from the rest of the coffees at 1.23 ± 0.00g/100g. A higher content of trigonelline levels was observed as the quality of the green coffee decreased in classes 6, 7 and 8. The highest level of sucrose in green coffee beans was observed in class 3 coffee and the lowest in the class 9. Lower content of chlorogenic acids were observed among the high quality coffees i.e. class 3, 4 and 5 with class 3 having the lowest while a higher content was observed among the lower quality coffees i.e. classes 6, 7 and 9 with class 6 having a higher content was it significantly different in class 6 compared to 7 and 9?. Quantities of different chemical components among the classes are clear indicators that the classification method used on the Kenyan coffees brings out the differences in coffee quality based on the analysis of the green and the roasted coffees. KW - biochemical composition KW - coffee classification KW - LCMS Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-10185 UR - https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/FSQM/article/view/39645/40765 SN - 2225-0557 VL - 69 SP - 44 EP - 52 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maier, Petra A1 - Clausius, Benjamin A1 - Richter, Asta A1 - Bittner, Benjamin A1 - Hort, Norbert A1 - Menze, Roman T1 - Crack Propagation in As-Extruded and Heat-Treated Mg-Dy-Nd-Zn-Zr Alloy Explained by the Effect of LPSO Structures and Their Micro- and Nanohardness JF - Materials N2 - The investigation of the crack propagation in as-extruded and heat-treated Mg-Dy-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy with a focus on the interaction of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structures is the aim of this study. Solution heat treatment on a hot extruded Mg-Dy-Nd-Zn-Zr (RESOLOY®) was done to change the initial fine-grained microstructure, consisting of grain boundary blocky LPSO and lamellar LPSO structures within the matrix, into coarser grains of less lamellar and blocky LPSO phases. C-ring compression tests in Ringer solution were used to cause a fracture. Crack initiation and propagation is influenced by twin boundaries and LPSO lamellae. The blocky LPSO phases also clearly hinder crack growth, by increasing the energy to pass either through the phase or along its interface. The microstructural features were characterized by micro- and nanohardness as well as the amount and location of LPSO phases in dependence on the heat treatment condition. By applying nanoindentation, blocky LPSO phases show a higher hardness than the grains with or without lamellar LPSO phases and their hardness decreases with heat treatment time. On the other hand, the matrix increases in hardness by solid solution strengthening. The microstructure consisting of a good balance of grain size, matrix and blocky LPSO phases and twins shows the highest fracture energy. KW - magnesium KW - Mg-Dy-Nd-Zn-Zr KW - RESOLOY® KW - LPSO phases KW - crack propagation KW - hardness KW - nanoindentation Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-14194 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 14 IS - 13 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grebinyk, Anna A1 - Prylutska, Svitlana A1 - Grebinyk, Sergii A1 - Evstigneev, Maxim A1 - Krysiuk, Iryna A1 - Skaterna, Tetiana A1 - Horak, Iryna A1 - Sun, Yanfang A1 - Drobot, Liudmyla A1 - Matyshevska, Olga A1 - Prylutskyy, Yuriy A1 - Ritter, Uwe A1 - Frohme, Marcus T1 - Antitumor efficiency of the natural alkaloid berberine complexed with C60 fullerene in Lewis lung carcinoma in vitro and in vivo JF - Cancer Nanotechnology N2 - Background Berberine (Ber) is a herbal alkaloid with pharmacological activity in general and a high anticancer potency in particular. However, due to its low bioavailability, the difficulty in reaching a target and choosing the right dose, there is a need to improve approaches of Ber use in anticancer therapy. In this study, Ber, noncovalently bound to a carbon nanostructure C60 fullerene (C60) at various molar ratios of the components, was explored against Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). Methods C60–Ber noncovalent nanocomplexes were synthesized in 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1 molar ratios. Ber release from the nanocomplexes was studied after prolonged incubation at different pH with the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of free Ber content. Biological effects of the free and C60-complaxated Ber were studied in vitro towards LLC cells with phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, MTT reduction, caspase activity and wound closure assays. The treatment with C60–Ber nanocomplex was evaluated in vivo with the LLC-tumored C57Bl mice. The mice body weight, tumor size, tumor weight and tumor weight index were assessed for four groups, treated with saline, 15 mg C60/kg, 7.5 mg Ber/kg or 2:1 C60-Ber nanocomplex (15 mg C60/kg, 7.5 mg Ber/kg). Results Ber release from C60–Ber nanocomplexes was promoted with medium acidification. LLC cells treatment with C60–Ber nanocomplexes was followed by enhanced Ber intracellular uptake as compared to free Ber. The cytotoxicity of the studied agents followed the order: free Ber < 1:2 < 1:1 < 2:1 C60–Ber nanocomplex. The potency of cytotoxic effect of 2:1 C60–Ber nanocomplex was confirmed by 21.3-fold decrease of IC50 value (0.8 ± 0.3 µM) compared to IC50 for free Ber (17 ± 2 µM). C60–Ber nanocomplexes induced caspase 3/7 activation and suppressed the migration activity of LLC cells. The therapeutic potency of 2:1 C60–Ber nanocomplex was confirmed in a mouse model of LLC. The tumor growth in the group treated with 2:1 C60–Ber nanocomplex is suppressed by approximately 50% at the end of experiment, while in the tumor-bearing group treated with free Ber no therapeutic effect was detected. Conclusions This study indicates that complexation of natural alkaloid Ber with C60 may be a novel therapeutic strategy against lung carcinoma. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-14749 SN - 1868-6966 VL - 12 SP - 24 PB - BioMed Central ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goldenberg, Leonid A1 - Köhler, Mathias A1 - Dreyer, Christian T1 - SiO2 Nanoparticles-Acrylate Formulations for Core and Cladding in Planar Optical Waveguides JF - Nanomaterials N2 - A combination of acrylate formulations and SiO2 nanoparticles is investigated with the aim to improve the optical properties of low-refractive index polymers that are used for the fabrication of planar optical waveguides. A decrease in refractive index and also in the thermo-optic coefficient of nanocomposite materials is clearly demonstrated, while some formulations exhibit an increase in the glass transition temperature. The possibility of using these nanocomposite materials to fabricate waveguiding layers with low optical propagation losses at telecommunication wavelengths around 1550 nm is also shown. The nanomaterials can be applied in optical microchips on polymer platforms. KW - fluorinated acrylate KW - silica nanoparticle KW - nanocomposite KW - thermo-optic coefficient KW - optical propagation loss Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-14057 SN - 2079-4991 VL - 11 IS - 5 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grytsenko, Kostyantyn A1 - Ksianzou, Viachaslau A1 - Kolomzarov, Yurii A1 - Lytvyn, Peter A1 - Dietzel, Birgit A1 - Schrader, Sigurd T1 - Fluoropolymer Film Formation by Electron Activated Vacuum Deposition JF - Surfaces N2 - Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyhexafluoropropylene (PHFP) and polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) were heated to their decomposition temperature in a high vacuum. The emitted fragments passed an electron cloud, condensed on a substrate and formed fluoropolymer film. Growth rate of PTFE and PHFP films increased up to a factor five in the presence of the electron cloud. Mass spectrometry revealed changes in the mass spectra of fragments generated by thermal decomposition only and formed under electron activation. The observed changes were different for each fluoropolymer. Infrared spectroscopy (IRS) showed that the structure of the films was close to the structure of the bulk polymers. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has revealed different morphologies of PTFE, PHFP and PCTFE films, suggesting a Volmer–Weber growth mechanism for PTFE and PHFP but a Frank-van der Merwe one for PCTFE. All films were smooth at nanoscale and transparent from ultraviolet to near-infrared region. Additional radio frequency (RF) plasma ignited in the emitted fragments at a low pressure increased mechanical characteristics of the films without losing their optical transparency and smoothness. KW - fluoropolymer thin film KW - vacuum deposition KW - polymerization KW - plasma KW - surface Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-13786 SN - 2571-9637 VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 66 EP - 80 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oehlers, Milena A1 - Fabian, Benjamin T1 - Graph Metrics for Network Robustness—A Survey JF - Mathematics N2 - Research on the robustness of networks, and in particular the Internet, has gained critical importance in recent decades because more and more individuals, societies and firms rely on this global network infrastructure for communication, knowledge transfer, business processes and e-commerce. In particular, modeling the structure of the Internet has inspired several novel graph metrics for assessing important topological robustness features of large complex networks. This survey provides a comparative overview of these metrics, presents their strengths and limitations for analyzing the robustness of the Internet topology, and outlines a conceptual tool set in order to facilitate their future adoption by Internet research and practice but also other areas of network science. KW - network science KW - Internet KW - graph KW - robustness KW - metric Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-13954 SN - 2227-7390 VL - 9 IS - 8 PB - MDPI ER -