TY - JOUR A1 - Omar, Noorsharmimi A1 - Loh, Qiuting A1 - Tye, Gee Jun A1 - Choong, Yee Siew A1 - Noordin, Rahmah A1 - Glökler, Jörn A1 - Lim, Theam Soon T1 - Development of an Antigen-DNAzyme Based Probe for a Direct Antibody-Antigen Assay Using the Intrinsic DNAzyme Activity of a Daunomycin Aptamer JF - Sensors N2 - G-Quadruplex (G-4) structures are formed when G-rich DNA sequences fold into intra- or intermolecular four-stranded structures in the presence of metal ions. G-4-hemin complexes are often effective peroxidase-mimicking DNAzymes that are applied in many detection systems. This work reports the application of a G-rich daunomycin-specific aptamer for the development of an antibody-antigen detection assay. We investigated the ability of the daunomycin aptamer to efficiently catalyze the hemin-dependent peroxidase activity independent of daunomycin. A reporter probe consisting of biotinylated antigen and daunomycin aptamer coupled to streptavidin gold nanoparticles was successfully used to generate a colorimetric readout. In conclusion, the daunomycin aptamer can function as a robust alternative DNAzyme for the development of colorimetric assays. KW - G-quadruplex KW - DNAzyme KW - gold nanoparticle KW - antibody Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6267 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 346 EP - 355 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Enders, Peter T1 - Historical Prospective: Boltzmann’s versus Planck’s State Counting—Why Boltzmann Did Not Arrive at Planck’s Distribution Law JF - Journal of Thermodynamics N2 - Why does Planck (1900), referring to Boltzmann’s 1877 probabilistic treatment, obtain his quantum distribution function while Boltzmann did not? To answer this question, both treatments are compared on the basis of Boltzmann’s 1868 three-level scheme (configuration—occupation—occupancy). Some calculations by Planck (1900, 1901, and 1913) and Einstein (1907) are also sketched. For obtaining a quantum distribution, it is crucial to stick with a discrete energy spectrum and to make the limit transitions to infinity at the right place. For correct state counting, the concept of interchangeability of particles is superior to that of indistinguishability. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6281 SN - 1687-9252 VL - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Belinsky, Martin G. A1 - Rink, Lori A1 - Cai, Kathy Q. A1 - Capuzzi, Stephen J. A1 - Hoang, Yen A1 - Chien, Jeremy A1 - Godwin, Andrew K. A1 - von Mehren, Margaret T1 - Somatic loss of function mutations in neurofibromin 1 and MYC associated factor X genes identified by exome-wide sequencing in a wild-type GIST case JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Approximately 10–15 % of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) lack gain of function mutations in the KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) genes. An alternate mechanism of oncogenesis through loss of function of the succinate-dehydrogenase (SDH) enzyme complex has been identified for a subset of these “wild type” GISTs. KW - gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) KW - wild type KW - KIT KW - PDGFRA KW - succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) KW - NF1 KW - MAX Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6292 SN - 1471-2407 VL - 15 IS - 887 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Munchel, Sarah A1 - Hoang, Yen A1 - Yue, Zhao A1 - Cottrell, Joseph A1 - Klotzle, Brandy A1 - Godwin, Andrew K. A1 - Koestler, Devin A1 - Beyerlein, Peter A1 - Fan, Jian-Bing A1 - Bibikova, Marina A1 - Chien, Jeremy T1 - Targeted or whole genome sequencing of formalin fixed tissue samples: potential applications in cancer genomics JF - Oncotarget N2 - Current genomic studies are limited by the poor availability of fresh-frozen tissue samples. Although formalin-fixed diagnostic samples are in abundance, they are seldom used in current genomic studies because of the concern of formalin-fixation artifacts. Better characterization of these artifacts will allow the use of archived clinical specimens in translational and clinical research studies. To provide a systematic analysis of formalin-fixation artifacts on Illumina sequencing, we generated 26 DNA sequencing data sets from 13 pairs of matched formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and fresh-frozen (FF) tissue samples. The results indicate high rate of concordant calls between matched FF/FFPE pairs at reference and variant positions in three commonly used sequencing approaches (whole genome, whole exome, and targeted exon sequencing). Global mismatch rates and C·G > T·A substitutions were comparable between matched FF/FFPE samples, and discordant rates were low (<0.26%) in all samples. Finally, low-pass whole genome sequencing produces similar pattern of copy number alterations between FF/FFPE pairs. The results from our studies suggest the potential use of diagnostic FFPE samples for cancer genomic studies to characterize and catalog variations in cancer genomes. KW - cancer genomics KW - FFPE DNA KW - whole exome sequencing KW - whole genome sequencing KW - copy number alteration Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6307 SN - 1949-2553 VL - 6 IS - 28 SP - 25943 EP - 25961 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Graw, Stefan A1 - Meier, Richard A1 - Minn, Kay A1 - Bloomer, Clark A1 - Godwin, Andrew K. A1 - Fridley, Brooke A1 - Vlad, Anda A1 - Beyerlein, Peter A1 - Chien, Jeremy T1 - Robust gene expression and mutation analyses of RNA-sequencing of formalin-fixed diagnostic tumor samples JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Current genomic studies are limited by the availability of fresh tissue samples. Here, we show that Illumina RNA sequencing of formalin-fixed diagnostic tumor samples produces gene expression that is strongly correlated with matched frozen tumor samples (r > 0.89). In addition, sequence variations identified from FFPE RNA show 99.67% concordance with that from exome sequencing of matched frozen tumor samples. Because FFPE is a routine diagnostic sample preparation, the feasibility results reported here will facilitate the setup of large-scale research and clinical studies in medical genomics that are currently limited by the availability of fresh frozen samples. Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6319 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kipkorir, R. A1 - Muhoho, S. A1 - Muliro, P. A1 - Mugendi, Beatrice A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Brödel, Oliver T1 - Effects of Coffee Processing Technologies on Aroma Profiles and Sensory Quality of Ruiru 11 and SL 28 Kenyan Coffee Varieties JF - Asian Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences N2 - The study aimed at comparing the effects of three coffee processing methods on aroma profiles and sensory quality of Ruiru 11 and SL 28 coffee varieties. The processing methods varied on stages of processing and method of mucilage removal. The green coffee beans obtained from the three processing methods were graded and roasted, ground and analyzed for the aroma profiles and sensory quality. Headspace Solid phase Microextraction fibre (SPME) technique were used for the extraction of aroma compounds from coffee samples and characterization of the compounds with use of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sensory quality were analyzed by an expert panelist. Various volatile aroma compounds were identified in roasted coffee and classified into their chemical classes involving furans, ketones, pyrazines ketones pyridines, pyrroles and acids. The intensity of aroma compounds were compared in terms of their peak areas and variations were noted between the processing methods with the ecopulper showing higher levels of pyrazines such as 2-methylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, and wet pulper showing higher levels of furans such as furfuryl formate and furfuryl alcohol, acetate. The hand pulper was high in the level of acids and esters such as acetic acid and propanoic acid, ethyl ester. Similar aroma compounds were identified in headspace of Ruiru 11 and SL 28 and there were variations in the intensities of aroma groups such as pyrroles and pyridines. It was concluded that the eco-pulper and hand pulper methods gives better aroma quality than the wet pulper while SL 28 variety gives higher sensory quality than Ruiru 11. KW - coffee KW - processing KW - aroma KW - sensory quality Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6482 UR - https://ajouronline.com/index.php/AJAFS/article/view/2551 SN - 2321-1571 VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 178 EP - 188 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wegerich, F. A1 - Turano, Paola A1 - Allegrozzi, Marco A1 - Möhwald, H. A1 - Lisdat, Fred T1 - Superoxide Biosensing with Engineered Cytochrome c JF - Procedia Chemistry N2 - Several mutation positions have been chosen for introducing positively charged lysines in human cytochrome c (cyt c) with the aim of increasing the reaction rate with superoxide radicals (SO) and thus, the sensitivity of an electrochemical cyt c based SO biosensor. The impact of the mutations on structural and redox properties as well as on the reaction rate with SO are verified. Four mutants show a higher reaction rate with the radical compared to the wild type. These mutants are used for the construction of SO sensors based on thiol-modified gold electrodes and covalently fixed proteins. The E66K mutant electrode has a clearly higher sensitivity in comparison to the wildtype based sensor. KW - biosensor KW - cytochrome c KW - superoxide KW - protein engineering Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6523 SN - 1876-6196 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 1287 EP - 1290 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haider, Christian A1 - Aschauer, Gerald J. A1 - Schmidt, Conrad T1 - IT Based Attempt to Evaluate and Promote Intermodal Transport Solutions in Central and Southeast Europe JF - Transportation Research Procedia N2 - The transport sector is one of the main emitters of greenhouse gas emissions. The awareness about this is increasing because of heightened environmental sensitivity among customers, politicians and the media. Studies dealing with sustainability in logistics have been inducted to show that companies around the world are keen to promote “green solutions” through the management of logistics. From now, it is difficult to gauge how far these efforts reflect true desire to help the environment as opposed to enhance public relations. The paper addresses an IT based attempt to evaluate and promote intermodal transport procedures in the corridor of Central and Southeast Europe. Through the assessment of the relative importance of intermodal transport nodes the described tool is a useful instrument to demonstrate the most important advantages for environmental friendly transport solutions. In combination with accessibility as well as network scenario attempts stakeholders have full information available when preparing several transport plans due to transparent strengths of rail and inland waterway transports. KW - sustainability KW - web-based routing tool KW - intermodal transport KW - knowledge sharing Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6535 SN - 2352-1465 VL - 3 SP - 641 EP - 650 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaltdorf, Kristin Verena A1 - Schulze, Katja A1 - Helmprobst, Frederik A1 - Kollmannsberger, Philip A1 - Dandekar, Thomas A1 - Stigloher, Christian T1 - FIJI Macro 3D ART VeSElecT: 3D Automated Reconstruction Tool for Vesicle Structures of Electron Tomograms JF - PLoS Computational Biology N2 - Automatic image reconstruction is critical to cope with steadily increasing data from advanced microscopy. We describe here the Fiji macro 3D ART VeSElecT which we developed to study synaptic vesicles in electron tomograms. We apply this tool to quantify vesicle properties (i) in embryonic Danio rerio 4 and 8 days past fertilization (dpf) and (ii) to compare Caenorhabditis elegans N2 neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) wild-type and its septin mutant (unc-59(e261)). We demonstrate development-specific and mutant-specific changes in synaptic vesicle pools in both models. We confirm the functionality of our macro by applying our 3D ART VeSElecT on zebrafish NMJ showing smaller vesicles in 8 dpf embryos then 4 dpf, which was validated by manual reconstruction of the vesicle pool. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of C. elegans septin mutant unc-59(e261) on vesicle pool formation and vesicle size. Automated vesicle registration and characterization was implemented in Fiji as two macros (registration and measurement). This flexible arrangement allows in particular reducing false positives by an optional manual revision step. Preprocessing and contrast enhancement work on image-stacks of 1nm/pixel in x and y direction. Semi-automated cell selection was integrated. 3D ART VeSElecT removes interfering components, detects vesicles by 3D segmentation and calculates vesicle volume and diameter (spherical approximation, inner/outer diameter). Results are collected in color using the RoiManager plugin including the possibility of manual removal of non-matching confounder vesicles. Detailed evaluation considered performance (detected vesicles) and specificity (true vesicles) as well as precision and recall. We furthermore show gain in segmentation and morphological filtering compared to learning based methods and a large time gain compared to manual segmentation. 3D ART VeSElecT shows small error rates and its speed gain can be up to 68 times faster in comparison to manual annotation. Both automatic and semi-automatic modes are explained including a tutorial. Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-9218 SN - 1553-7358 VL - 13 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulze, Sven A1 - Wehrhold, Michel A1 - Hille, Carsten T1 - Femtosecond-Pulsed Laser Written and Etched Fiber Bragg Gratings for Fiber-Optical Biosensing JF - Sensors N2 - We present the development of a label-free, highly sensitive fiber-optical biosensor for online detection and quantification of biomolecules. Here, the advantages of etched fiber Bragg gratings (eFBG) were used, since they induce a narrowband Bragg wavelength peak in the reflection operation mode. The gratings were fabricated point-by-point via a nonlinear absorption process of a highly focused femtosecond-pulsed laser, without the need of prior coating removal or specific fiber doping. The sensitivity of the Bragg wavelength peak to the surrounding refractive index (SRI), as needed for biochemical sensing, was realized by fiber cladding removal using hydrofluoric acid etching. For evaluation of biosensing capabilities, eFBG fibers were biofunctionalized with a single-stranded DNA aptamer specific for binding the C-reactive protein (CRP). Thus, the CRP-sensitive eFBG fiber-optical biosensor showed a very low limit of detection of 0.82 pg/L, with a dynamic range of CRP detection from approximately 0.8 pg/L to 1.2 µg/L. The biosensor showed a high specificity to CRP even in the presence of interfering substances. These results suggest that the proposed biosensor is capable for quantification of CRP from trace amounts of clinical samples. In addition, the adaption of this eFBG fiber-optical biosensor for detection of other relevant analytes can be easily realized. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-10570 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 18 IS - 9 SP - 1 EP - 20 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bruun, Kristina A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd A1 - Hille, Carsten T1 - Benefits of Combined Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy for Biomedical Studies Demonstrated by Using a Liposome Model System JF - Biophysica N2 - Drug delivery systems play a pivotal role in targeted pharmaceutical transport and controlled release at specific sites. Liposomes, commonly used as drug carriers, constitute a fundamental part of these systems. Moreover, the drug–liposome model serves as a robust platform for investigating interaction processes at both cellular and molecular levels. To advance our understanding of drug carrier uptake mechanisms, we employed fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), leveraging the unique benefits of two-photon (2P) excitation. Our approach utilized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) as a simplified model system for cell membranes, labelled with the amphiphilic fluorescent dye 3,3′-dioctadecyloxa-carbocyanine (DiOC18(3)). Additionally, large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) functioned as a drug carrier system, incorporating the spectrally distinct fluorescent sulforhodamine 101 (SRh101) as a surrogate drug. The investigation emphasized the diverse interactions between GUVs and LUVs based on the charged lipids employed. We examined the exchange kinetics and structural alterations of liposome carriers during the uptake process. Our study underscores the significance of employing 2P excitation in conjunction with FLIM and FCS. This powerful combination offers a valuable methodological approach for studying liposome interactions, positioning them as an exceptionally versatile model system with a distinct technical advantage. KW - drug delivery KW - fluorescence correlation spectroscopy KW - fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy KW - liposome KW - membrane interaction Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19189 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 207 EP - 227 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Youjun A1 - Sampathkumar, Arun A1 - Kerber, Sandra Mae-Lin A1 - Swart, Corné A1 - Hille, Carsten A1 - Seerangan, Kumar A1 - Graf, Alexander A1 - Sweetlove, Lee A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. T1 - A moonlighting role for enzymes of glycolysis in the co-localization of mitochondria and chloroplasts JF - Nature Communications N2 - Glycolysis is one of the primordial pathways of metabolism, playing a pivotal role in energy metabolism and biosynthesis. Glycolytic enzymes are known to form transient multi-enzyme assemblies. Here we examine the wider protein-protein interactions of plant glycolytic enzymes and reveal a moonlighting role for specific glycolytic enzymes in mediating the co-localization of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Knockout mutation of phosphoglycerate mutase or enolase resulted in a significantly reduced association of the two organelles. We provide evidence that phosphoglycerate mutase and enolase form a substrate-channelling metabolon which is part of a larger complex of proteins including pyruvate kinase. These results alongside a range of genetic complementation experiments are discussed in the context of our current understanding of chloroplast-mitochondrial interactions within photosynthetic eukaryotes. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-14812 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 11 SP - 4509 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bruun, Kristina A1 - Hille, Carsten T1 - Study on intracellular delivery of liposome encapsulated quantum dots using advanced fluorescence microscopy JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Quantum dots increasingly gain popularity for in vivo applications. However, their delivery and accumulation into cells can be challenging and there is still lack of detailed information. Thereby, the application of advanced fluorescence techniques can expand the portfolio of useful parameters for a more comprehensive evaluation. Here, we encapsulated hydrophilic quantum dots into liposomes for studying cellular uptake of these so-called lipodots into living cells. First, we investigated photophysical properties of free quantum dots and lipodots observing changes in the fluorescence decay time and translational diffusion behaviour. In comparison to empty liposomes, lipodots exhibited an altered zeta potential, whereas their hydrodynamic size did not change. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), both combined with two-photon excitation (2P), were used to investigate the interaction behaviour of lipodots with an insect epithelial tissue. In contrast to the application of free quantum dots, their successful delivery into the cytosol of salivary gland duct cells could be observed when applying lipodots. Lipodots with different lipid compositions and surface charges did not result in considerable differences in the intracellular labelling pattern, luminescence decay time and diffusion behaviour. However, quantum dot degradation after intracellular accumulation could be assumed from reduced luminescence decay times and blue-shifted luminescence signals. In addition to single diffusing quantum dots, possible intracellular clustering of quantum dots could be assumed from increased diffusion times. Thus, by using a simple and manageable liposome carrier system, 2P-FLIM and 2P-FCS recording protocols could be tested, which are promising for investigating the fate of quantum dots during cellular interaction. Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-12476 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 9 SP - 10504 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Günther, Erika A1 - Klauß, André A1 - Toro-Nahuelpan, Mauricio A1 - Schüler, Dirk A1 - Hille, Carsten A1 - Faivre, Damien T1 - The in vivo mechanics of the magnetotactic backbone as revealed by correlative FLIM-FRET and STED microscopy JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Protein interaction and protein imaging strongly benefit from the advancements in time-resolved and superresolution fluorescence microscopic techniques. However, the techniques were typically applied separately and ex vivo because of technical challenges and the absence of suitable fluorescent protein pairs. Here, we show correlative in vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy Förster resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET) and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy to unravel protein mechanics and structure in living cells. We use magnetotactic bacteria as a model system where two proteins, MamJ and MamK, are used to assemble magnetic particles called magnetosomes. The filament polymerizes out of MamK and the magnetosomes are connected via the linker MamJ. Our system reveals that bacterial filamentous structures are more fragile than the connection of biomineralized particles to this filament. More importantly, we anticipate the technique to find wide applicability for the study and quantification of biological processes in living cells and at high resolution. Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-14802 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Praia, Ana Beatriz A1 - Herkenhoff, Marcos Edgar A1 - Brödel, Oliver A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Saad, Susana Marta Isay T1 - Sour Beer with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei F19: Feasibility and Influence of Supplementation with Spondias mombin L. Juice and/or By-Product JF - Foods N2 - This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic strain Lacticaseibacillus (L.) paracasei subsp. paracasei F19 (F19) with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae US-05 (US-05), using Spondias mombin L. (‘taperebá’ or ‘cajá’) juice and by-product, in four sour-type beer formulations: control, with bagasse, juice, and juice and bagasse. The viability of F19 was evaluated by pour-plating and PMA-qPCR. Fermentability, in addition to physicochemical and sensory parameters, and aroma and flavor, were evaluated during brewery by using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). F19 was successful in fermenting bagasse in a MRS medium (9.28 log CFU/mL in 24 h) but had a low viability in hopped wort, growing better in formulations without bagasse or juice. No difference between formulations was observed regarding sensory acceptability, and the HS-SPME/GC-MS revealed different flavors and aroma compounds. In conclusion, the production of a potential probiotic sour beer with F19 and US-05 is feasible regarding probiotic viability. However, S. mombin, as juice or bagasse, threatened probiotic survival. Different flavors and aroma compounds were detected, whereas no difference between formulations was found regarding sensory acceptability. The moderate alcohol content achieved is important for bacterial survival and for the development of a probiotic beer with health claims. KW - sour beer KW - probiotics KW - co-fermentation KW - fruit by-product Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16852 SN - 2304-8158 VL - 11 IS - 24 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radivoievych, Aleksandar A1 - Kolp, Benjamin A1 - Grebinyk, Sergii A1 - Prylutska, Svitlana A1 - Ritter, Uwe A1 - Zolk, Oliver A1 - Glökler, Jörn A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Grebinyk, Anna T1 - Silent Death by Sound: C60 Fullerene Sonodynamic Treatment of Cancer Cells JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - The acoustic pressure waves of ultrasound (US) not only penetrate biological tissues deeper than light, but they also generate light emission, termed sonoluminescence. This promoted the idea of its use as an alternative energy source for photosensitizer excitation. Pristine C60 fullerene (C60), an excellent photosensitizer, was explored in the frame of cancer sonodynamic therapy (SDT). For that purpose, we analyzed C60 effects on human cervix carcinoma HeLa cells in combination with a low-intensity US treatment. The time-dependent accumulation of C60 in HeLa cells reached its maximum at 24 h (800 ± 66 ng/106 cells). Half of extranuclear C60 is localized within mitochondria. The efficiency of the C60 nanostructure’s sonoexcitation with 1 MHz US was tested with cell-based assays. A significant proapoptotic sonotoxic effect of C60 was found for HeLa cells. C60′s ability to induce apoptosis of carcinoma cells after sonoexcitation with US provides a promising novel approach for cancer treatment. KW - ultrasound KW - C60 fullerene KW - sonodynamic therapy KW - HeLa cells KW - apoptosis Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16877 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 24 IS - 2 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rykova, Eugenia A1 - Stieben, Christine A1 - Dostovalova, Olga A1 - Wieker, Horst T1 - Connected Driving in German-Speaking Social Media JF - Social Sciences N2 - Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have been steadily becoming part of our reality. For their successful integration, studying and understanding public opinions and acceptance is important. Social media platforms offer an extensive opportunity for opinion mining. While there have been studies on people’s attitudes towards automated driving, another important ITS concept—connected driving—has received little to no attention. In the current study, data on how connected driving is represented and perceived were collected from German(-speaking) Reddit and Twitter. In relevant Reddit entries, the necessity of communication between vehicles was discussed almost exclusively in the context of automated driving. On Twitter, mostly shared news and information on the topic are presented, while the number of personal opinions is low. The most concerning subtopic seems to be cybersecurity, which reflects a general trend of data protection issues discussed in society. KW - ITS KW - intelligent transportation system KW - connected driving KW - autonomous driving KW - social media KW - Twitter KW - Reddit Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16969 SN - 2076-0760 VL - 12 IS - 1 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Villringer, Claus A1 - Steglich, Patrick A1 - Pulwer, Silvio A1 - Schrader, Sigurd A1 - Laufer, Jan T1 - Electro-optical properties of doped polymers with high transparency in the visible wavelength range JF - Optical Materials Express N2 - The electro-optical (EO) properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) and the photopolymer poly(vinyl cinnamate) doped with varying concentrations of the EO chromophore 2-Methyl-4-nitroaniline were measured. The EO polymers were embedded in Fabry-Pérot etalons for the simultaneous determination of the Pockels and Kerr coefficients from measurements of the fringe shift induced by an external electric field. It was found that the host polymer has a significant impact on the EO performance and that the undoped host polymers exhibit a significant Pockels effect. Moreover, the Kerr effect provides a substantial contribution of 27% to the total change of the refractive index at relatively high electric field strengths of E = 91.2 MV m−1. KW - Bragg reflector KW - fiber optic coupler KW - refractive index KW - spatial light modulator KW - transparency KW - tunable filter Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15480 VL - 11 IS - 11 SP - 3801 EP - 3811 PB - Optica Publishing Group ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roos, Andreas Hult A1 - Hoque, Ziaul A1 - Klimešová, Eva A1 - Ben Ltaief, Ltaief A1 - Medina, Cristian A1 - Jurkovič, Matej A1 - Albrecht, Martin A1 - Finke, Ondřej A1 - Hort, Ondřej A1 - Nejdl, Jaroslav A1 - Mudrich, Marcel A1 - Andreasson, Jakob A1 - Krikunova, Maria T1 - Electron correlation dynamics in atomic Kr excited by XUV pulses and controlled by NIR laser pulses of variable intensity JF - New Journal of Physics N2 - We have investigated the possibility to track and control correlation dynamics of valence electrons in krypton (Kr) initiated by the absorption of one extreme ultraviolet (XUV) photon. In this investigation, pump-probe experiments have been performed where monochromatized single high-harmonics at photon energies 29.6, 32.8, and 35.9 eV have been used as pump to populate different intermediate excited states. A temporally delayed near-infrared (NIR) pulse probes the population of various decay channels via the detection of Kr²⁺ ion yields and its transient profiles. We observe that by varying the NIR pulse intensity within a range from 0.3 x 10¹³ to 2.6 x 10¹³ W cm⁻², the shape of the Kr²+ transient profile changes significantly. We show that by varying the intensity of the NIR pulse, it is possible—(i) to control the ratio between sequential and non-sequential double ionization of Kr; (ii) to selectively probe quantum beating oscillations between Kr+* satellite states that are coherently excited within the bandwidth of the XUV pulse; and (iii) to specifically probe the relaxation dynamics of doubly excited (Kr**) decay channels. Our studies show that the contribution of different ionization and decay channels (i)–(iii) can be altered by the NIR pulse intensity, thus demonstrating an efficient way to control the ionization dynamics in rare gas atoms. KW - electron correlation KW - control ionization dynamics KW - krypton satellite states KW - XUV/NIR pump-probe KW - HHG KW - quantum beating oscillation KW - doubly excited states Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16987 VL - 25 PB - Institute of Physics Publishing (IOP) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - König, Hannes J. A1 - Kiffner, Christian A1 - Kuhls, Katrin A1 - Uthes, Sandra A1 - Harms, Verena A1 - Wieland, Ralf T1 - Planning for wolf-livestock coexistence: landscape context predicts livestock depredation risk in agricultural landscapes JF - animal N2 - Extensive pastoral livestock systems in Central Europe provide multiple ecosystem services and support biodiversity in agricultural landscapes but their viability is challenged by livestock depredation (LD) associated with the recovery of wolf populations. Variation in the spatial distribution of LD depends on a suite of factors, most of which are unavailable at the appropriate scales. To assess if LD patterns can be predicted sufficiently with land use data alone at the scale of one federal state in Germany, we employed a machine-learning-supported resource selection approach. The model used LD monitoring data, and publicly available land use data to describe the landscape configuration at LD and control sites (resolution 4 km * 4 km). We used SHapley Additive exPlanations to assess the importance and effects of landscape configuration and cross-validation to evaluate the model performance. Our model predicted the spatial distribution of LD events with a mean accuracy of 74%. The most influential land use features included grassland, farmland and forest. The risk of livestock depredation was high if these three landscape features co-occurred with a specific proportion. A high share of grassland, combined with a moderate proportion of forest and farmland, increased LD risk. We then used the model to predict the LD risk in five regions; the resulting risk maps showed high congruence with observed LD events. While of correlative nature and lacking specific information on wolf and livestock distribution and husbandry practices, our pragmatic modelling approach can guide spatial prioritisation of damage prevention or mitigation practices to improve livestock-wolf coexistence in agricultural landscapes. KW - decision support KW - grazing-based livestock KW - human-wildlife coexistence KW - machine learning KW - risk map Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-17032 SN - 1751-7311 VL - 17 IS - 3 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Falk, Constantin A1 - El Ghayed, Tarek A1 - van de Sand, Ron A1 - Reiff-Stephan, Jörg T1 - A Data-Driven Approach Towards the Application of Reinforcement Learning Based HVAC Control JF - Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences N2 - Refrigeration applications consume a significant share of total electricity demand, with a high indirect impact on global warming through greenhouse gas emissions. Modern technology can help reduce the high power consumption and optimize the cooling control. This paper presents a case study of machine-learning for controlling a commercial refrigeration system. In particular, an approach to reinforcement learning is implemented, trained and validated utilizing a model of a real chiller plant. The reinforcement-learning controller learns to operate the plant based on its interactions with the modeled environment. The validation demonstrates the functionality of the approach, saving around 7% of the energy demand of the reference control. Limitations of the approach were identified in the discretization of the real environment and further model-based simplifications and should be addressed in future research. KW - refrigeration system KW - reinforcement learning KW - optimized control KW - Q-learning Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-17066 SN - 2714-4704 VL - 5 IS - 1 PB - Department of Physics, Federal University Lafia Nasarawa State, Nigeria ; Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alekseeva, Victoriia A1 - Nechyporenko, Alina A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Gargin, Vitaliy A1 - Meniailov, Ievgen A1 - Chumachenko, Dmytro T1 - Intelligent Decision Support System for Differential Diagnosis of Chronic Odontogenic Rhinosinusitis Based on U-Net Segmentation JF - Electronics N2 - The share of chronic odontogenic rhinosinusitis is 40% among all chronic rhinosinusitis. Using automated information systems for differential diagnosis will improve the efficiency of decision-making by doctors in diagnosing chronic odontogenic rhinosinusitis. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an intelligent decision support system for the differential diagnosis of chronic odontogenic rhinosinusitis based on computer vision methods. A dataset was collected and processed, including 162 MSCT images. A deep learning model for image segmentation was developed. A 23 convolutional layer U-Net network architecture has been used for the segmentation of multi-spiral computed tomography (MSCT) data with odontogenic maxillary sinusitis. The proposed model is implemented in such a way that each pair of repeated 3 × 3 convolutions layers is followed by an Exponential Linear Unit instead of a Rectified Linear Unit as an activation function. The model showed an accuracy of 90.09%. To develop a decision support system, an intelligent chatbot allows the user to conduct an automated patient survey and collect patient examination data from several doctors of various profiles. The intelligent information system proposed in this study made it possible to combine an image processing model with a patient interview and examination data, improving physician decision-making efficiency in the differential diagnosis of Chronic Odontogenic Rhinosinusitis. The proposed solution is the first comprehensive solution in this area. KW - CT data KW - deep learning KW - image segmentation KW - U-Net KW - decision support system KW - chronic odontogenic rhinosinusitis KW - machine learning KW - artificial intelligence Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-17088 SN - 2079-9292 VL - 12 IS - 5 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Henning, Thorsten A1 - Wagner, Philipp A1 - Gedat, Egbert A1 - Kochlik, Bastian A1 - Kusch, Paula A1 - Sowoidnich, Kay A1 - Vastag, Marko A1 - Gleim, Jeannine A1 - Braune, Marcel A1 - Maiwald, Martin A1 - Sumpf, Bernd A1 - Grune, Tilman A1 - Weber, Daniela T1 - Evaluation of Modern Approaches for the Assessment of Dietary Carotenoids as Markers for Fruit and Vegetable Consumption JF - Nutrients N2 - The assessment of dietary carotenoids via blood measurements has been widely used as a marker for fruit and vegetable consumption. In the present study, modern, non-invasive approaches to assess dietary carotenoids, such as skin measurements and an app-based short dietary record (ASDR), were compared with conventional methods such as plasma status and handwritten 3-day dietary records. In an 8-week observational study, 21 healthy participants aged 50–65 years recorded their daily consumption of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables via a specially developed ASDR. Anthropometry, blood samplings and assessment of skin carotenoids via Raman and reflection spectroscopy were performed at baseline, after four weeks and at the end of the study. App-based intake data showed good correlations with plasma α-carotene (r = 0.74, p < 0.0001), β-carotene (r = 0.71, p < 0.0001), and total plasma carotenoids (r = 0.65, p < 0.0001); weak correlations with plasma lutein/zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin (both r = 0.34, p < 0.05); and no correlation with plasma lycopene. Skin measurements via reflection and Raman spectroscopy correlated well with total plasma carotenoids (r = 0.81 and 0.72, respectively; both p < 0.0001), α-carotene (r = 0.75–0.62, p < 0.0001), and β-carotene (r = 0.79–0.71, p < 0.0001); moderately with plasma lutein/zeaxanthin (both r = 0.51, p < 0.0001); weakly with plasma β-cryptoxanthin (r = 0.40–0.31, p < 0.05); and showed no correlation with plasma lycopene. Skin measurements could provide a more convenient and noninvasive approach of estimating a person’s fruit and vegetable consumption compared to traditional methods, especially in studies that do not intend blood sampling. ASDR records might function as a suitable, convenient tool for dietary assessment in nutritional intervention studies. KW - carotenoid KW - vitamin KW - e-health KW - app KW - dietary record KW - blood KW - skin measurement KW - spectroscopy KW - Raman Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-17280 SN - 2072-6643 VL - 15 IS - 7 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Langenberg, Anna A1 - Ma, Shih-Chi A1 - Ermakova, Tatiana A1 - Fabian, Benjamin T1 - Formal Group Fairness and Accuracy in Automated Decision Making JF - Mathematics N2 - Most research on fairness in Machine Learning assumes the relationship between fairness and accuracy to be a trade-off, with an increase in fairness leading to an unavoidable loss of accuracy. In this study, several approaches for fair Machine Learning are studied to experimentally analyze the relationship between accuracy and group fairness. The results indicated that group fairness and accuracy may even benefit each other, which emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate measures for performance evaluation. This work provides a foundation for further studies on the adequate objectives of Machine Learning in the context of fair automated decision making. KW - AI KW - machine learning KW - automated decision making KW - algorithmic bias KW - metric KW - group fairness KW - artificial intelligence Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-17323 SN - 2227-7390 VL - 11 IS - 8 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chumachenko, Dmytro A1 - Butkevych, Mykola A1 - Lode, Daniel A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Schmailzl, Kurt J. G. A1 - Nechyporenko, Alina T1 - Machine Learning Methods in Predicting Patients with Suspected Myocardial Infarction Based on Short-Time HRV Data JF - Sensors N2 - Diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases is an urgent task because they are the main cause of death for 32% of the world’s population. Particularly relevant are automated diagnostics using machine learning methods in the digitalization of healthcare and introduction of personalized medicine in healthcare institutions, including at the individual level when designing smart houses. Therefore, this study aims to analyze short 10-s electrocardiogram measurements taken from 12 leads. In addition, the task is to classify patients with suspected myocardial infarction using machine learning methods. We have developed four models based on the k-nearest neighbor classifier, radial basis function, decision tree, and random forest to do this. An analysis of time parameters showed that the most significant parameters for diagnosing myocardial infraction are SDNN, BPM, and IBI. An experimental investigation was conducted on the data of the open PTB-XL dataset for patients with suspected myocardial infarction. The results showed that, according to the parameters of the short ECG, it is possible to classify patients with a suspected myocardial infraction as sick and healthy with high accuracy. The optimized Random Forest model showed the best performance with an accuracy of 99.63%, and a root mean absolute error is less than 0.004. The proposed novel approach can be used for patients who do not have other indicators of heart attacks. KW - myocardial infraction KW - heart rate variability KW - 10-second heart rate variability KW - diagnostics KW - machine learning KW - k-nearest neighbor classifier KW - radial basis function KW - decision tree KW - random forest Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16521 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 IS - 18 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mai, Andreas A1 - Mai, Christian A1 - Steglich, Patrick T1 - From Lab-on-chip to Lab-in-App: Challenges towards silicon photonic biosensors product developments JF - Results in Optics N2 - This work presents and evaluates different approaches of integrated optical sensors based on photonic integrated circuit (PIC) technologies for refractive index sensing. Bottlenecks in the fabrication flow towards an applicable system are discussed that hinder a cost-effective mass-production for disposable sensor chips. As sensor device, a waveguide coupled micro-ring based approach is chosen which is manufactured in an 8” wafer level process. We will show that the co-integration with a reproducible, scalable and low-cost microfluidic interface is the main challenge which needs to be overcome for future application of silicon technology based PIC sensor chips. KW - silicon photonic sensor KW - integrated optical sensor KW - photonic integrated circuit KW - optical ring resonator KW - photonic biosensor KW - refractive index sensing KW - interchangeable sensor chip Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16687 SN - 2666-9501 VL - 9 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grebinyk, Anna A1 - Prylutska, Svitlana A1 - Grebinyk, Sergii A1 - Ponomarenko, Stanislav A1 - Virych, Pavlo A1 - Chumachenko, Vasyl A1 - Kutsevol, Nataliya A1 - Prylutskyy, Yuriy A1 - Ritter, Uwe A1 - Frohme, Marcus T1 - Drug delivery with a pH-sensitive star-like dextran-graft polyacrylamide copolymer JF - Nanoscale Advances N2 - The development of precision cancer medicine relies on novel formulation strategies for targeted drug delivery to increase the therapeutic outcome. Biocompatible polymer nanoparticles, namely dextran-graft-polyacrylamide (D-g-PAA) copolymers, represent one of the innovative non-invasive approaches for drug delivery applications in cancer therapy. In this study, the star-like D-g-PAA copolymer in anionic form (D-g-PAAan) was developed for pH-triggered targeted drug delivery of the common chemotherapeutic drugs – doxorubicin (Dox) and cisplatin (Cis). The initial D-g-PAA copolymer was synthesized by the radical graft polymerization method, and then alkaline-hydrolyzed to get this polymer in anionic form for further use for drug encapsulation. The acidification of the buffer promoted the release of loaded drugs. D-g-PAAan nanoparticles increased the toxic potential of the drugs against human and mouse lung carcinoma cells (A549 and LLC), but not against normal human lung cells (HEL299). The drug-loaded D-g-PAAan-nanoparticles promoted further oxidative stress and apoptosis induction in LLC cells. D-g-PAAan-nanoparticles improved Dox accumulation and drugs’ toxicity in a 3D LLC multi-cellular spheroid model. The data obtained indicate that the strategy of chemotherapeutic drug encapsulation within the branched D-g-PAAan nanoparticle allows not only to realize pH-triggered drug release but also to potentiate its cytotoxic, prooxidant and proapoptotic effects against lung carcinoma cells. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16749 VL - 4 IS - 23 SP - 5077 EP - 5088 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hagen, Dirk J. A1 - Yoon, Jiho A1 - Zhang, Haojie A1 - Kalkofen, Bodo A1 - Silinskas, Mindaugas A1 - Börrnert, Felix A1 - Han, Hyeon A1 - Parkin, Stuart S. P. T1 - Atomic Layer Deposition of the Conductive Delafossite PtCoO2 JF - Advanced Materials Interfaces N2 - The first atomic layer deposition process for a ternary oxide is reported, which contains a metal of the platinum group, the delafossite PtCoO2. The deposition with the precursors trimethyl-Pt-methylcyclopentadienyl, Co-bis(N-t-butyl-N′-ethylpropanimidamidate), and oxygen plasma results in a process with a nearly constant growth rate and stoichiometric composition over a wide temperature window from 100 to 320 °C. Annealing of the as-deposited amorphous films in an oxygen atmosphere in a temperature window from 700 to 800 °C leads to the formation of the delafossite phase. Very thin films show a pronounced preferred orientation with the Pt sheets being almost parallel to the substrate surface while arbitrary orientation is observed for thicker films. The conformal coating of narrow trenches highlights the potential of this atomic-layer-deposition process. Moreover, heterostructures with magnetic films are fabricated to demonstrate the potential of PtCoO2 for spintronic applications. KW - ALD KW - atomic layer deposition KW - conductive oxide KW - delafossite KW - PtCoO2 topological material Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16076 VL - 9 IS - 12 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steglich, Patrick A1 - Schasfoort, Richard B. M. T1 - Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRi) and Photonic Integrated Circuits (PIC) for COVID-19 Severity Monitoring JF - COVID N2 - Direct optical detection methods such as surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) and photonic-integrated-circuits (PIC)-based biosensors provide a fast label-free detection of COVID-19 antibodies in real-time. Each technology, i.e., SPRi and PIC, has advantages and disadvantages in terms of throughput, miniaturization, multiplexing, system integration, and cost-effective mass production. However, both technologies share similarities in terms of sensing mechanism and both can be used as high-content diagnostics at or near to point of care, where the analyte is not just quantified but comprehensively characterized. This is significant because recent results suggest that not only the antibody concentration of the three isotypes IgM, IgG, and IgA but also the strength of binding (affinity) gives an indication of potential COVID-19 severity. COVID-19 patients with high titers of low affinity antibodies are associated with disease severity. In this perspective, we provide some insights into how SPR and PIC technologies can be effectively combined and complementarily used for a comprehensive COVID-19 severity monitoring. This opens a route toward an immediate therapy decision to provide patients a treatment in an early stage of the infection, which could drastically lowers the risk of a severe disease course. KW - COVID-19 KW - surface plasmon resonance KW - photonic integrated circuit KW - direct optical detection KW - COVID-19 antibody KW - COVID-19 severity KW - pandemic surveillance KW - immunity monitoring Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16004 SN - 2673-8112 VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - 389 EP - 397 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steglich, Patrick A1 - Lecci, Giulia A1 - Mai, Andreas T1 - Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Spectroscopy and Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC) Biosensors: A Comparative Review JF - Sensors N2 - Label-free direct-optical biosensors such as surface-plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy has become a gold standard in biochemical analytics in centralized laboratories. Biosensors based on photonic integrated circuits (PIC) are based on the same physical sensing mechanism: evanescent field sensing. PIC-based biosensors can play an important role in healthcare, especially for point-of-care diagnostics, if challenges for a transfer from research laboratory to industrial applications can be overcome. Research is at this threshold, which presents a great opportunity for innovative on-site analyses in the health and environmental sectors. A deeper understanding of the innovative PIC technology is possible by comparing it with the well-established SPR spectroscopy. In this work, we shortly introduce both technologies and reveal similarities and differences. Further, we review some latest advances and compare both technologies in terms of surface functionalization and sensor performance. KW - surface plasmon resonance KW - photonic integrated circuit KW - biosensor KW - surface functionalization KW - label-free detection Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16018 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 IS - 8 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lindner, Niels A1 - Liebchen, Christian T1 - Timetable merging for the Periodic Event Scheduling Problem JF - EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics N2 - We propose a new mixed integer programming based heuristic for computing new benchmark primal solutions for instances of the PESPlib. The PESPlib is a collection of instances for the Periodic Event Scheduling Problem (PESP), comprising periodic timetabling problems inspired by real-world railway timetabling settings, and attracting several international research teams during the last years. We describe two strategies to merge a set of good periodic timetables. These make use of the instance structure and minimum weight cycle bases, finally leading to restricted mixed integer programming formulations with tighter variable bounds. Implementing this timetable merging approach in a concurrent solver, we improve the objective values of the best known solutions for the smallest and largest PESPlib instances by 1.7 and 4.3 percent, respectively. KW - periodic event scheduling problem KW - periodic timetabling KW - railway timetabling KW - PESPlib KW - benchmark solution KW - mixed-integer programming Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16054 SN - 2192-4376 VL - 11 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Rocchis, Vincenzo A1 - Roitsch, Thomas A1 - Franken, Philipp ED - Strobel, Gary A. T1 - Extracellular Glycolytic Activities in Root Endophytic Serendipitaceae and Their Regulation by Plant Sugars JF - Microorganisms N2 - Endophytic fungi that colonize the plant root live in an environment with relative high concentrations of different sugars. Analyses of genome sequences indicate that such endophytes can secrete carbohydrate-related enzymes to compete for these sugars with the surrounding plant cells. We hypothesized that typical plant sugars can be used as carbon source by root endophytes and that these sugars also serve as signals to induce the expression and secretion of glycolytic enzymes. The plant-growth-promoting endophytes Serendipita indica and Serendipita herbamans were selected to first determine which sugars promote their growth and biomass formation. Secondly, particular sugars were added to liquid cultures of the fungi to induce intracellular and extracellular enzymatic activities which were measured in mycelia and culture supernatants. The results showed that both fungi cannot feed on melibiose and lactose, but instead use glucose, fructose, sucrose, mannose, arabinose, galactose and xylose as carbohydrate sources. These sugars regulated the cytoplasmic activity of glycolytic enzymes and also their secretion. The levels of induction or repression depended on the type of sugars added to the cultures and differed between the two fungi. Since no conventional signal peptide could be detected in most of the genome sequences encoding the glycolytic enzymes, a non-conventional protein secretory pathway is assumed. The results of the study suggest that root endophytic fungi translocate glycolytic activities into the root, and this process is regulated by the availability of particular plant sugars. KW - endophytic fungi KW - sugar metabolism KW - glycolysis Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15774 SN - 2076-2607 VL - 10 IS - 2 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pfeil, Juliane A1 - Nechyporenko, Alina A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Hufert, Frank T. A1 - Schulze, Katja T1 - Examination of blood samples using deep learning and mobile microscopy JF - BMC Bioinformatics N2 - Microscopic examination of human blood samples is an excellent opportunity to assess general health status and diagnose diseases. Conventional blood tests are performed in medical laboratories by specialized professionals and are time and labor intensive. The development of a point-of-care system based on a mobile microscope and powerful algorithms would be beneficial for providing care directly at the patient's bedside. For this purpose human blood samples were visualized using a low-cost mobile microscope, an ocular camera and a smartphone. Training and optimisation of different deep learning methods for instance segmentation are used to detect and count the different blood cells. The accuracy of the results is assessed using quantitative and qualitative evaluation standards. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15802 SN - 1471-2105 VL - 23 PB - BioMed Central ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauer, Joachim A1 - Fursenko, Oksana A1 - Heinrich, Friedhelm A1 - Gutke, Marko A1 - Kornejew, Eckhart A1 - Brödel, Oliver A1 - Dietzel, Birgit A1 - Kaltenbach, Alexander A1 - Burkhardt, Martin A1 - Edling, Matthias A1 - Steglich, Patrick A1 - Herzog, Michael A1 - Schrader, Sigurd T1 - Determination of optical constants and scattering properties of transparent polymers for use in optoelectronics JF - Optical Materials Express N2 - Knowledge of optical constants, i.e. refractive index n and extinction coefficient k, and light scattering properties of optical polymers are required to optimize micro-optics for light-emitting diodes in terms of efficiency, color properties and light distribution. We present here a model-based diagnostic approach to determine the optical properties of polymers, which should be particularly useful in the development of plastics for optical applications. Optical constants and scattering coefficients were obtained from transmission and reflection measurements in a wavelength range from UV to NIR taking into account scattering effects due to rough surfaces and volume inhomogeneity. Based on the models for the dielectric function, the molecular optical transition energies Eg, critical point energies, Urbach energies and exciton transition energies were determined. Rayleigh and Mie scattering model and van de Hulst's anomalous diffraction theory were applied to characterize scattering due to volume inhomogeneities. Scalar diffraction theory was applied to account for surface roughness scattering. Atomic force microscopy with nanomechanical characterization was used to characterize domains in size and shape and to assign optical scattering to a suitable morphological model. The combined optical and mechanical characterization help to improve the qualification of new polymer materials for optical applications. KW - diffraction theory KW - light property KW - optical constant KW - optical material KW - optical property KW - scattering theory Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15666 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 204 EP - 224 PB - Optica Publishing Group ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Drost, Martin A1 - Marschmeyer, Steffen A1 - Fraschke, Mirko A1 - Fursenko, Oksana A1 - Bärwolf, Florian A1 - Costina, Ioan A1 - Kalishettyhalli Mahadevaiah, Mamathamba A1 - Lisker, Marco T1 - Etch mechanism of an Al₂O₃ hard mask in the Bosch process JF - Micro and Nano Engineering N2 - The etching of high aspect ratio structures in silicon via the Bosch process is essential in modern technologies such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and through‑silicon vias (TSV) fabrication. The process can be very demanding on the mask selectivity due to long etching times, and it has been shown that an Al2O3 hard mask is very suitable in this regard, as it offers significantly higher selectivity compared to the conventional SiO2 or resist masks. In this work, we employ a combination of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiling to scrutinize the Al2O3 mask etching mechanism and therefore the origin of the extraordinary high selectivity. We demonstrate that by increasing the passivation step time, a thicker fluorocarbon polymer layer is formed on the Al2O3, and Al2O3 is then removed with a minuscule average etch rate of 0.01 nm/min. XPS depth profiling reveals that during Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) using the Bosch process, an AlFx layer is formed between the polymer and Al2O3. As AlFx is non-volatile, it requires sputtering to be removed. If the polymer layer is thick enough to attenuate the incoming ions such that their energy is not sufficient to lead to desorption of AlFx, such as when using a longer passivation time, the mask is not eroded. By investigating the surface after different amounts of DRIE cycles, we also obtained information about the formation rate of AlFx and the changes in the Al2O3 and polymer thicknesses over the course of a DRIE process. These findings further expand the knowledge of DRIE and can help process engineers to tailor the processes accordingly. KW - Bosch process KW - deep reactive ion etching KW - aluminum oxide Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15678 SN - 2590-0072 VL - 14 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinsohn, Natascha Katharina A1 - Niedl, Robert Raimund A1 - Anielski, Alexander A1 - Lisdat, Fred A1 - Beta, Carsten T1 - Electrophoretic µPAD for Purification and Analysis of DNA Samples JF - Biosensors N2 - In this work, the fabrication and characterization of a simple, inexpensive, and effective microfluidic paper analytic device (µPAD) for monitoring DNA samples is reported. The glass microfiber-based chip has been fabricated by a new wax-based transfer-printing technique and an electrode printing process. It is capable of moving DNA effectively in a time-dependent fashion. The nucleic acid sample is not damaged by this process and is accumulated in front of the anode, but not directly on the electrode. Thus, further DNA processing is feasible. The system allows the DNA to be purified by separating it from other components in sample mixtures such as proteins. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that DNA can be moved through several layers of the glass fiber material. This proof of concept will provide the basis for the development of rapid test systems, e.g., for the detection of pathogens in water samples. KW - microfluidic paper analytic device (µPAD) KW - patterning glass microfiber KW - fiber-electrophoresis chip KW - DNA KW - imprinted electrodes KW - cross layer chip KW - polymerase chain reaction (PCR) KW - purification Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15763 SN - 2079-6374 VL - 12 IS - 2 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kirchner, Thomas A1 - Villringer, Claus A1 - Laufer, Jan T1 - Evaluation of ultrasound sensors for transcranial photoacoustic sensing and imaging JF - Photoacoustics N2 - Photoacoustic imaging through skull bone causes strong attenuation and distortion of the acoustic wavefront, which diminishes image contrast and resolution. As a result, transcranial photoacoustic measurements in humans have been challenging to demonstrate. In this study, we investigated the acoustic transmission through the human skull to design an ultrasound sensor suitable for transcranial PA imaging and sensing. We measured the frequency dependent losses of human cranial bones ex vivo, compared the performance of a range of piezoelectric and optical ultrasound sensors, and imaged skull phantoms using a PA tomograph based on a planar Fabry–Perot sensor. All transcranial photoacoustic measurements show the typical effects of frequency and thickness dependent attenuation and aberration associated with acoustic propagation through bone. The performance of plano-concave optical resonator ultrasound sensors was found to be highly suitable for transcranial photoacoustic measurements. KW - transcranial KW - ultrasound sensor KW - photoacoustic KW - optoacoustic KW - Fabry-Perot Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-17993 SN - 2213-5979 VL - 33 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - D'Elia, Domenica A1 - Truu, Jaak A1 - Lahti, Leo A1 - Berland, Magali A1 - Papoutsoglou, Georgios A1 - Ceci, Michelangelo A1 - Zomer, Aldert A1 - Lopes, Marta B. A1 - Ibrahimi, Eliana A1 - Gruca, Aleksandra A1 - Nechyporenko, Alina A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Klammsteiner, Thomas A1 - Carrillo de Santa Pau, Enrique A1 - Marcos-Zambrano, Laura Judith A1 - Hron, Karel A1 - Pio, Gianvito A1 - Simeon, Andrea A1 - Suharoschi, Ramona A1 - Moreno-Indias, Isabel A1 - Temko, Andriy A1 - Nedyalkova, Miroslava A1 - Apostol, Elena-Simona A1 - Truică, Ciprian-Octavian A1 - Shigdel, Rajesh A1 - Telalović, Jasminka Hasić A1 - Bongcam-Rudloff, Erik A1 - Przymus, Piotr A1 - Jordamović, Naida Babić A1 - Falquet, Laurent A1 - Tarazona, Sonia A1 - Sampri, Alexia A1 - Isola, Gaetano A1 - Pérez-Serrano, David A1 - Trajkovik, Vladimir A1 - Klucar, Lubos A1 - Loncar-Turukalo, Tatjana A1 - Havulinna, Aki S. A1 - Jansen, Christian A1 - Bertelsen, Randi J. A1 - Claesson, Marcus Joakim T1 - Advancing microbiome research with machine learning: key findings from the ML4Microbiome COST action JF - Frontiers in Microbiology N2 - The rapid development of machine learning (ML) techniques has opened up the data-dense field of microbiome research for novel therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic applications targeting a wide range of disorders, which could substantially improve healthcare practices in the era of precision medicine. However, several challenges must be addressed to exploit the benefits of ML in this field fully. In particular, there is a need to establish “gold standard” protocols for conducting ML analysis experiments and improve interactions between microbiome researchers and ML experts. The Machine Learning Techniques in Human Microbiome Studies (ML4Microbiome) COST Action CA18131 is a European network established in 2019 to promote collaboration between discovery-oriented microbiome researchers and data-driven ML experts to optimize and standardize ML approaches for microbiome analysis. This perspective paper presents the key achievements of ML4Microbiome, which include identifying predictive and discriminatory ‘omics’ features, improving repeatability and comparability, developing automation procedures, and defining priority areas for the novel development of ML methods targeting the microbiome. The insights gained from ML4Microbiome will help to maximize the potential of ML in microbiome research and pave the way for new and improved healthcare practices. KW - microbiome KW - machine learning KW - artificial intelligence KW - standard KW - best practice Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-18004 SN - 1664-302X VL - 14 PB - Frontiers ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Masing, Berenike A1 - Lindner, Niels A1 - Liebchen, Christian T1 - Integrating Line Planning for Construction Sites into Periodic Timetabling via Track Choice T2 - 23rd Symposium on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2023) N2 - We consider maintenance sites for urban rail systems, where unavailable tracks typically require changes to the regular timetable, and often even to the line plan. In this paper, we present an integrated mixed-integer linear optimization model to compute an optimal line plan that makes best use of the available tracks, together with a periodic timetable, including its detailed routing on the tracks within the stations. The key component is a flexible, turn-sensitive event-activity network that allows to integrate line planning and train routing using a track choice extension of the Periodic Event Scheduling Problem (PESP). Major goals are to maintain as much of the regular service as possible, and to keep the necessary changes rather local. Moreover, we present computational results on real construction site scenarios on the S-Bahn Berlin network. We demonstrate that this integrated problem is indeed solvable on practically relevant instances. KW - periodic timetabling KW - line planning KW - track choice KW - mixed-integer programming KW - construction site KW - railway rescheduling Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-17916 SN - 978-3-95977-302-7 SN - 2190-6807 VL - 115 SP - 5:1 EP - 5:15 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Loos, Eugène A1 - Gröpler, Johanna A1 - Goudeau, Marie-Louise Sophie T1 - Using ChatGPT in Education: Human Reflection on ChatGPT’s Self-Reflection JF - Societies N2 - ChatGPT is a fascinating AI text generator tool. It is a language model developed by OpenAI, a research and deployment company with the mission, according to OpenAI’s website: “to ensure that artificial general intelligence benefits all of humanity”. ChatGPT is able to generate human-like texts. But how does it work? What about the quality of the texts it provides? And is it capable of being self-reflective? Information sources must be efficient, effective and reliable in education, in order to enhance students’ learning process. For this reason, we started a dialogue with ChatGPT-3 while using, among others, a SWOT analysis it generated about its own functioning in an educational setting. This enabled us, as human authors, to analyze the extent to which this AI system is able to practice self-reflection. Finally, the paper sketches implications for education and future research. KW - ChatGPT KW - AI KW - text generating KW - education KW - SWOT analysis KW - self-reflection KW - hallucination KW - artificial intelligence Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-17966 SN - 2075-4698 VL - 13 IS - 8 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Walter, Andreas A1 - Kubica, Stefan A1 - Rocco, Vittorio T1 - Optimized fuel values for emission reduction JF - IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science N2 - Aviation is an integral and vital part of modern society. The growth over the last decades has consequences for greenhouse gas emissions and reducing this through efficiency within the same framework is difficult. Precision flight planning is crucial for reliably and optimized real environment aircraft operation. The presented study gives an overview of the status of the legal requirements for flight planning under the current fuel requirements of the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the emerging opportunities for fuel savings. As part of the larger study, planned and actual fuel figures of an international cargo airline were statistically analyzed. The overall analysis showed that there was no significant deviation between planned and consumed fuel. Based on the results, an adjustment of the planned alternative fuel quantity can be considered within the framework of an individual fuel plan. The possible savings potential using the example of Destination Alternate Airport fuel is presented. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-18148 SN - 1755-1315 N1 - 4th International Conference on Sustainable Futures: Environmental, Technological, Social and Economic Matters (ICSF-2023) 22/05/2023 - 26/05/2023 Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine VL - 1254 PB - Institute of Physics Publishing (IOP) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radivoievych, Aleksandar A1 - Prylutska, Svitlana A1 - Zolk, Oliver A1 - Ritter, Uwe A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Grebinyk, Anna T1 - Comparison of Sonodynamic Treatment Set-Ups for Cancer Cells with Organic Sonosensitizers and Nanosonosensitizers JF - Pharmaceutics N2 - Cancer sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is the therapeutic strategy of a high-frequency ultrasound (US) combined with a special sonosensitizer that becomes cytotoxic upon US exposure. The growing number of newly discovered sonosensitizers and custom US in vitro treatment solutions push the SDT field into a need for systemic studies and reproducible in vitro experimental set-ups. In the current research, we aimed to compare two of the most used and suitable SDT in vitro set-ups—“sealed well” and “transducer in well”—in one systematic study. We assessed US pressure, intensity, and temperature distribution in wells under US irradiation. Treatment efficacy was evaluated for both set-ups towards cancer cell lines of different origins, treated with two promising sonosensitizer candidates—carbon nanoparticle C60 fullerene (C60) and herbal alkaloid berberine. C60 was found to exhibit higher sonotoxicity toward cancer cells than berberine. The higher efficacy of sonodynamic treatment with a “transducer in well” set-up than a “sealed well” set-up underlined its promising application for SDT in vitro studies. The “transducer in well” set-up is recommended for in vitro US treatment investigations based on its US-field homogeneity and pronounced cellular effects. Moreover, SDT with C60 and berberine could be exploited as a promising combinative approach for cancer treatment. KW - ultrasound KW - C60 fullerene KW - berberine KW - sonodynamic therapy KW - apoptosis Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-18223 SN - 1999-4923 VL - 15 IS - 11 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jurkovičová, Lucie A1 - Ben Ltaief, Ltaief A1 - Roos, Andreas Hult A1 - Hort, Ondřej A1 - Finke, Ondřej A1 - Albrecht, Martin A1 - Hoque, Ziaul A1 - Klimešová, Eva A1 - Sundaralingam, Akgash A1 - Antipenkov, Roman A1 - Grenfell, Annika A1 - Špaček, Alexandr A1 - Szuba, Wojciech A1 - Krikunova, Maria A1 - Mudrich, Marcel A1 - Nejdl, Jaroslav A1 - Andreasson, Jakob T1 - Bright continuously tunable vacuum ultraviolet source for ultrafast spectroscopy JF - Communications Physics N2 - Ultrafast electron dynamics drive phenomena such as photochemical reactions, catalysis, and light harvesting. To capture such dynamics in real-time, femtosecond to attosecond light sources are extensively used. However, an exact match between the excitation photon energy and a characteristic resonance is crucial. High-harmonic generation sources are advantageous in terms of pulse duration but limited in spectral tunability in the vacuum ultraviolet range. Here, we present a monochromatic femtosecond source continuously tunable around 21eV photon energy utilizing the second harmonic of an optical parametric chirped pulse amplification laser system to drive high-harmonic generation. The unique tunability of the source is verified in an experiment probing the interatomic Coulombic decay in doped He nanodroplets across the He absorption bands. Moreover, we achieved intensities sufficient for driving collective processes in multiply excited helium nanodroplets, which have been previously observed only at free electron lasers. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-18462 SN - 2399-3650 VL - 7 PB - Nature Publishing Group ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Medina, Cristian A1 - Lægdsmand, Asbjørn Ørnemark A1 - Ben Ltaief, Ltaief A1 - Hoque, Ziaul A1 - Roos, Andreas Hult A1 - Jurkovičová, Lucie A1 - Hort, Ondřej A1 - Finke, Ondřej A1 - Albrecht, Martin A1 - Nejdl, Jaroslav A1 - Stienkemeier, Frank A1 - Andreasson, Jakob A1 - Klimešová, Eva A1 - Krikunova, Maria A1 - Heidenreich, Andreas A1 - Mudrich, Marcel T1 - Long-lasting XUV activation of helium nanodroplets for avalanche ionization JF - New Journal of Physics N2 - We study the dynamics of avalanche ionization of pure helium nanodroplets activated by a weak extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulse and driven by an intense near-infrared (NIR) pulse. In addition to a transient enhancement of ignition of a nanoplasma at short delay times ${\sim}200$ fs, long-term activation of the nanodroplets lasting up to a few nanoseconds is observed. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the short-term activation is caused by the injection of seed electrons into the droplets by XUV photoemission. Long-term activation appears due to electrons remaining loosely bound to photoions which form stable 'snowball' structures in the droplets. Thus, we show that XUV irradiation can induce long-lasting changes of the strong-field optical properties of nanoparticles, potentially opening new routes to controlling avalanche-ionization phenomena in nanostructures and condensed-phase systems. KW - nanoplasma KW - helium nanodroplet KW - pump–probe spectroscopy KW - avalanche ionization KW - high-harmonic generation KW - extreme ultraviolet Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-17701 VL - 25 PB - Institute of Physics (IOP) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schilling, Vincent A1 - Beyerlein, Peter A1 - Chien, Jeremy T1 - A Bioinformatics Analysis of Ovarian Cancer Data Using Machine Learning JF - Algorithms N2 - The identification of biomarkers is crucial for cancer diagnosis, understanding the underlying biological mechanisms, and developing targeted therapies. In this study, we propose a machine learning approach to predict ovarian cancer patients’ outcomes and platinum resistance status using publicly available gene expression data. Six classical machine-learning algorithms are compared on their predictive performance. Those with the highest score are analyzed by their feature importance using the SHAP algorithm. We were able to select multiple genes that correlated with the outcome and platinum resistance status of the patients and validated those using Kaplan–Meier plots. In comparison to similar approaches, the performance of the models was higher, and different genes using feature importance analysis were identified. The most promising identified genes that could be used as biomarkers are TMEFF2, ACSM3, SLC4A1, and ALDH4A1. KW - ovarian cancer KW - machine learning KW - SHAP KW - diagnostic biomarker KW - platinum resistance Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-17751 VL - 16 IS - 7 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prylutska, Svitlana A1 - Grebinyk, Anna A1 - Ponomarenko, Stanislav A1 - Gövem, Defne A1 - Chumachenko, Vasyl A1 - Kutsevol, Nataliya A1 - Petrovsky, Mykola A1 - Ritter, Uwe A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Piosik, Jacek A1 - Prylutskyy, Yuriy T1 - Toxicity of Water-Soluble D-g-PNIPAM Polymers in a Complex with Chemotherapy Drugs and Mechanism of Their Action In Vitro JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - The application of a biocompatible polymer nanocarrier can provide target delivery to tumor tissues, improved pharmacokinetics, controlled drug release, etc. Therefore, the proposed strategy was to use the water-soluble star-like copolymers with a Dextran core and Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) grafts (D-g-PNIPAM) for conjugation with the widely used chemotherapy drugs in oncology–Cisplatin (Cis-Pt) and Doxorubicin (Dox). The molecular characteristics of the copolymer were received using size-exclusion chromatography. The physicochemical characterization of the D-g-PNIPAM-Cis-Pt (or Dox) nanosystem was conducted using dynamic light scattering and FTIR spectroscopy. Using traditional biochemical methods, a comparative analysis of the enhancement of the cytotoxic effect of free Cis-Pt and Dox in combination with D-g-PNIPAM copolymers was performed in cancer cells of the Lewis lung carcinoma line, which are both sensitive and resistant to Dox; in addition, the mechanism of their action in vitro was evaluated. KW - star-like copolymer KW - drug KW - Lewis lung carcinoma KW - cytotoxicity Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-18790 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 25 IS - 5 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fernholz, Yannick A1 - Ermakova, Tatiana A1 - Fabian, Benjamin A1 - Buxmann, Peter T1 - User-driven prioritization of ethical principles for artificial intelligence systems JF - Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans N2 - Despite the progress of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its contribution to the advancement of human society, the prioritization of ethical principles from the viewpoint of its users has not yet received much attention and empirical investigations. This is important to develop appropriate safeguards and increase the acceptance of AI-mediated technologies among all members of society. In this research, we collected, integrated, and prioritized ethical principles for AI systems with respect to their relevance in different real-life application scenarios. First, an overview of ethical principles for AI was systematically derived from various academic and non-academic sources. Our results clearly show that transparency, justice and fairness, non-maleficence, responsibility, and privacy are most frequently mentioned in this corpus of documents. Next, an empirical survey to systematically identify users’ priorities was designed and conducted in the context of selected scenarios: AI-mediated recruitment (human resources), predictive policing, autonomous vehicles, and hospital robots. We anticipate that the resulting ranking can serve as a valuable basis for formulating requirements for AI-mediated solutions and creating AI algorithms that prioritize user’s needs. Our target audience includes everyone who will be affected by AI systems, e.g., policy makers, algorithm developers, and system managers as our ranking clearly depicts user’s awareness regarding AI ethics. KW - artificial intelligence KW - ethics KW - ethical guidelines KW - trustworthy AI KW - requirements prioritization Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-18509 SN - 2949-8821 VL - 2 IS - 1 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grytsenko, Kostyantyn A1 - Kolomzarov, Yurii A1 - Lytvyn, Peter A1 - Kondratenko, Olga A1 - Sopinskyy, Mykola A1 - Lebedyeva, Iryna A1 - Niemczyk, Agata A1 - Baranowska, Jolanta A1 - Moszyński, Dariusz A1 - Villringer, Claus A1 - Schrader, Sigurd T1 - Optical and Mechanical Properties of Thin PTFE Films, Deposited from a Gas Phase JF - Macromolecular Materials and Engineering N2 - Thin polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films are produced by deposition from a gas phase by two methods: electron-enhanced vacuum deposition (EVD) and EVD + low-temperature plasma (LTP). Structure, morphology, and composition of the films are studied by IR spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. They are close to the structure of bulk PTFE. The roughness of the films’ surface is changed with gas pressure and LTP power variations. Films are transparent from UV to near-infrared regions. Refractive and extinction indices and their anisotropy are measured by spectral ellipsometry. They are tuned by variations of deposition conditions. Hardness and Young modulus of the films are increased if EVD + low power LTP is used for film deposition. Use of EVD + LTP also increases thermal stability of the films. Contact angle of the films corresponds to the bulk PTFE. The PTFE molecules oriented are preferentially in perpendicular direction to the substrate surface. KW - deposition in vacuum KW - multiphase structure formation KW - optical property KW - plasma KW - polytetrafluoroethylene thin film Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-17587 VL - 308 IS - 6 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dhiman, Rachit A1 - Miteff, Sofia A1 - Wang, Yuancheng A1 - Ma, Shih-Chi A1 - Amirikas, Ramila A1 - Fabian, Benjamin T1 - Artificial Intelligence and Sustainability—A Review JF - Analytics N2 - In recent decades, artificial intelligence has undergone transformative advancements, reshaping diverse sectors such as healthcare, transport, agriculture, energy, and the media. Despite the enthusiasm surrounding AI’s potential, concerns persist about its potential negative impacts, including substantial energy consumption and ethical challenges. This paper critically reviews the evolving landscape of AI sustainability, addressing economic, social, and environmental dimensions. The literature is systematically categorized into “Sustainability of AI” and “AI for Sustainability”, revealing a balanced perspective between the two. The study also identifies a notable trend towards holistic approaches, with a surge in publications and empirical studies since 2019, signaling the field’s maturity. Future research directions emphasize delving into the relatively under-explored economic dimension, aligning with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and addressing stakeholders’ influence. KW - artificial intelligence KW - AI KW - sustainability KW - systematic mapping study Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-18651 SN - 2813-2203 VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 140 EP - 164 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gavrylenko, Svitlana A1 - Poltoratskyi, Vadym A1 - Nechyporenko, Alina T1 - Intrusion Detection Model Based on Improved Transformer JF - Advanced Information Systems N2 - The object of the study is the process of identifying the state of a computer network. The subject of the study are the methods of identifying the state of computer networks. The purpose of the paper is to improve the efficacy of intrusion detection in computer networks by developing a method based on transformer models. The results obtained. The work analyzes traditional machine learning algorithms, deep learning methods and considers the advantages of using transformer models. A method for detecting intrusions in computer networks is proposed. This method differs from known approaches by utilizing the Vision Transformer for Small-size Datasets (ViTSD) deep learning algorithm. The method incorporates procedures to reduce the correlation of input data and transform data into a specific format required for model operations. The developed methods are implemented using Python and the GOOGLE COLAB cloud service with Jupyter Notebook. Conclusions. Experiments confirmed the efficiency of the proposed method. The use of the developed method based on the ViTSD algorithm and the data preprocessing procedure increases the model's accuracy to 98.7%. This makes it possible to recommend it for practical use, in order to improve the accuracy of identifying the state of a computer system. KW - data preprocessing KW - machine learning KW - neural network KW - RNN KW - SVM KW - KNN KW - transformer model KW - vision transformer Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-18750 SN - 2522-9052 VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 94 EP - 99 PB - National Technical University Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute ER -