TY - JOUR A1 - Grebinyk, Anna A1 - Prylutska, Svitlana A1 - Grebinyk, Sergii A1 - Prylutskyy, Yuriy A1 - Ritter, Uwe A1 - Matyshevska, Olga A1 - Dandekar, Thomas A1 - Frohme, Marcus T1 - Complexation with C60 Fullerene Increases Doxorubicin Efficiency against Leukemic Cells In Vitro JF - Nanoscale Research Letters N2 - Conventional anticancer chemotherapy is limited because of severe side effects as well as a quickly evolving multidrug resistance of the tumor cells. To address this problem, we have explored a C60 fullerene-based nanosized system as a carrier for anticancer drugs for an optimized drug delivery to leukemic cells. Here, we studied the physicochemical properties and anticancer activity of C60 fullerene noncovalent complexes with the commonly used anticancer drug doxorubicin. C60-Doxorubicin complexes in a ratio 1:1 and 2:1 were characterized with UV/Vis spectrometry, dynamic light scattering, and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The obtained analytical data indicated that the 140-nm complexes were stable and could be used for biological applications. In leukemic cell lines (CCRF-CEM, Jurkat, THP1 and Molt-16), the nanocomplexes revealed ≤ 3.5 higher cytotoxic potential in comparison with the free drug in a range of nanomolar concentrations. Also, the intracellular drug’s level evidenced C60 fullerene considerable nanocarrier function. The results of this study indicated that C60 fullerene-based delivery nanocomplexes had a potential value for optimization of doxorubicin efficiency against leukemic cells. KW - C60 fullerene KW - doxorubicin KW - noncovalent complex KW - leukemic cell KW - cytotoxicity KW - accumulation Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-10966 SN - 1556-276X N1 - Das Dokument wurde zurückgezogen. Die korrigierte Version ist unter dem folgenden Link zu finden: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-11415 VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grebinyk, Anna A1 - Prylutska, Svitlana A1 - Grebinyk, Sergii A1 - Prylutskyy, Yuriy A1 - Ritter, Uwe A1 - Matyshevska, Olga A1 - Dandekar, Thomas A1 - Frohme, Marcus T1 - Complexation with C60 Fullerene Increases Doxorubicin Efficiency against Leukemic Cells In Vitro JF - Nanoscale Research Letters N2 - Conventional anticancer chemotherapy is limited because of severe side effects as well as a quickly evolving multidrug resistance of the tumor cells. To address this problem, we have explored a C60 fullerene-based nanosized system as a carrier for anticancer drugs for an optimized drug delivery to leukemic cells. Here, we studied the physicochemical properties and anticancer activity of C60 fullerene noncovalent complexes with the commonly used anticancer drug doxorubicin. C60-Doxorubicin complexes in a ratio 1:1 and 2:1 were characterized with UV/Vis spectrometry, dynamic light scattering, and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The obtained analytical data indicated that the 140-nm complexes were stable and could be used for biological applications. In leukemic cell lines (CCRF-CEM, Jurkat, THP1 and Molt-16), the nanocomplexes revealed ≤ 3.5 higher cytotoxic potential in comparison with the free drug in a range of nanomolar concentrations. Also, the intracellular drug’s level evidenced C60 fullerene considerable nanocarrier function. The results of this study indicated that C60 fullerene-based delivery nanocomplexes had a potential value for optimization of doxorubicin efficiency against leukemic cells. KW - C60 fullerene KW - doxorubicin KW - noncovalent complex KW - leukemic cell KW - cytotoxicity KW - accumulation Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-11415 SN - 1556-276X VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ida, Jeunice A1 - Chan, Soo Khim A1 - Glökler, Jörn A1 - Lim, Yee Ying A1 - Choong, Yee Siew A1 - Lim, Theam Soon T1 - G-Quadruplexes as An Alternative Recognition Element in Disease-Related Target Sensing JF - Molecules N2 - G-quadruplexes are made up of guanine-rich RNA and DNA sequences capable of forming noncanonical nucleic acid secondary structures. The base-specific sterical configuration of G-quadruplexes allows the stacked G-tetrads to bind certain planar molecules like hemin (iron (III)-protoporphyrin IX) to regulate enzymatic-like functions such as peroxidase-mimicking activity, hence the use of the term DNAzyme/RNAzyme. This ability has been widely touted as a suitable substitute to conventional enzymatic reporter systems in diagnostics. This review will provide a brief overview of the G-quadruplex architecture as well as the many forms of reporter systems ranging from absorbance to luminescence readouts in various platforms. Furthermore, some challenges and improvements that have been introduced to improve the application of G-quadruplex in diagnostics will be highlighted. As the field of diagnostics has evolved to apply different detection systems, the need for alternative reporter systems such as G-quadruplexes is also paramount. KW - G-quadruplex KW - DNAzyme KW - colorimetric KW - fluorescence KW - luminescence KW - diagnostics Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-11438 SN - 1420-3049 VL - 24 IS - 6 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rösch, Olga ED - Rösch, Olga T1 - Deutsche und russische Spiegelbilder T2 - Deutsche und russische Spiegelbilder : Was halten, was erwarten wir voneinander? N2 - „Deutsche und russische Spiegelbilder – eine Reflexion“, in: Publikation des Deutsch-Russischen Forums e.V. zu den 10. Potsdamer Begegnungen: „Deutsche und russische Spiegelbilder. Was halten, was erwarten wir voneinander?“ Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-12177 SP - 91 EP - 96 PB - Dt.-Russ. Forum CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rösch, Olga ED - Rösch, Olga T1 - Neue Identität Polens T2 - Identitäten und interkulturelle Verständigung im Wirtschaftsleben N2 - Eine neue Selbstdefinition Polens in einem veränderten gesellschaftlich-politischen Kontext der erweiterten Europäischen Union, ist eine schlüssige Folge nach den grundlegenden Transformationen der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte in Osteuropa. Die im Land vorherrschende Aufbruchstimmung steht im Einklang mit einem gewachsenen Selbstvertrauen der Polen, was sich u.a. auch in einer nach außen neuen Darstellung der eigenen Identität äußert. Allerdings scheint der Wahrnehmung dieses Wandels auf der deutschen Seite etwas Zwiespältiges anzuhaften. Der Beitritt Polens zur EU hat hierzulande in der Tat ein neues bzw. anderes Interesse für den östlichen Nachbarn geweckt: Polen - als ein Kooperationspartner in politisch ruhigen Zeiten, ein Partner, der einen ganz besonderen Wert darauf legt, in jeder Hinsicht als Gleichberechtigter behandelt zu werden. Das Gebot der Symmetrie in der Kommunikation ist zwar für alle Teilnehmer als Ideal erstrebenswert. Die Realität in der Geschäftskommunikation, vor allem im Wirtschaftsbereich, entspricht verständlicherweise diesem Denkbild noch nicht. Was die deutsch-polnische Kooperation betrifft, so können wir leider nicht sagen, daß die Beziehung so unbeschwert ist wie z.B. zu Portugal oder traditionell so gut funktioniert wie z.B. zu Ungarn. Die Tragödien des 20. Jahrhunderts haben das heutige Selbstverständnis der Deutschen und der Polen nachhaltig geprägt. Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-12186 SN - 3-932231-10-4 SP - 56 EP - 62 PB - SSIP CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rösch, Olga A1 - von Hoerschelmann, Axel ED - Rösch, Olga T1 - Über kulturelle Grenzen – Nachdenken vor der EU-Erweiterung T2 - Osterweiterung der Europäischen Union und kulturelle Grenzen : zur Ausgangslage N2 - In den gesellschaftspolitischen wie akademischen Debatten über Globalisierung ist oft von der zunehmenden Bedeutungslosigkeit der Grenzen von Nationalstaaten die Rede. Diese Feststellung erscheint aus der (welt)- wirtschaftlichen Perspektive auch manifest. Die neuen Informationstechnologien und globalisierten Wirtschaftstätigkeiten führten in den letzten Jahrzehnten dazu, dass – in Worten von Ralf Dahrendorf – „Grenzen fielen, Grenzen der Zeit und des Raumes“. Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-12206 SN - 3-936527-06-7 SP - 8 EP - 18 PB - Verl. News und Media CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rösch, Olga T1 - Anredeformen im Russischen: soziale Domänen und soziale Bedeutungen JF - Fremdsprachenunterricht : fsu ; die Zeitschrift für das Lehren und Lernen fremder Sprachen N2 - Die Vermittlung der fremdkulturellen Kompetenz ist ein integraler Bestandteil des kommunikativen Fremdsprachenunterrichts. Sie beginnt bereits mit dem Erlernen der in der Zielsprache vorhandenen Begrüßungs- und Anredeformen, in denen sich teilweise die Spezifik einer Kultur (Mentalität, soziale Hierarchien, verhaltensbestimmende Wertesysteme, durch Religion geprägte Traditionen) sprachlich manifestiert. Das Anredeverhalten in verschiedenen Sprechergemeinschaften wird von Linguisten und Kommunikationswissenschaftlern vielfach zum Untersuchungsgegenstand gemacht. Die Beschäftigung mit dem Phänomen der Andere und des Begrüßungsrituals der Zielsprache ist aus sprach- und kulturkontrastiver Sicht auch für den Fremdsprachenunterricht von nicht zu unterschätzender Bedeutung. Y1 - 1996 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-12248 SN - 0016-0989 VL - 4 SP - 292 EP - 296 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rösch, Olga ED - Rösch, Olga T1 - Deutsch-Deutsch-Deutsches : Rußlanddeutsche in Berlin T2 - Deutsch in Osteuropa : ein Tagungsbericht N2 - Die vereinigte, aber noch nicht völlig geinte Berlin ist neben den Problemen des deutsch-deutschen Zusammenwachsens auch mit der Integration eines bemerkbaren Migrantenstroms konfrontiert. Einen nicht geringen Teil der neuen Zuwanderer machen die in der Stadt vor kurzem noch wenig bekannten Rußlanddeutschen aus. Ihre wunschgemäße Zuordnung zum deutschen Kulturkreis ist für einen erheblichen Teil der Berliner problematisch, denn vor allem die sprachlichen Differenzen bis Defizite bei Aussiedlern in bezug auf das Hochdeutsche indizieren, daß es andere, also "fremde" Deutsche sind. Den Aussiedlern fällt es ihrerseits nicht leicht, sich sowohl in der Varietäten des Deutschen als auch in den beiden deutschen Identitäten zurechtzufinden und dabei mit dem Wandlungen ihrer eigenen deutschen - ethnischen, kulturellen und sprachlichen - Selbsverständnissen klarzukommen. Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-12257 SP - 43 EP - 68 PB - PHVT, Provinciale Hogeschool voor Vertalers en Tolken CY - Gent ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rösch, Olga ED - Rösch, Olga T1 - Gibt es ein Medium im Deutschen der Gegenwart? T2 - Neue Fragen der Linguistik N2 - Das deutsche verbale Genussystem ist in der Grammatikschreibung zweigliedrig. Den grammatischen Verbformen Aktiv und Passiv werden entsprechend aktivische und passivische Bedeutungen zugeordnet, und somit gelten die semantischen Kategorien Aktiv und Passiv im Gegenwartdeutsch als grammatikalisiert. Der semantischen Kategorie Medium entsprechen im Deutschen keine grammatischen Formparadigmen. Aber auch die Darstellungen des semantischen Begriffes Medium selbst werden in der Literatur eher universalgrammatisch und im engeren Sinne sogar universalsemantisch als einzelsprachlich verstanden. In meiner Untersuchung geht es jedoch nicht primär um das Verständnis des Mediums, sondern um das Verständnis einer bestimmten Konstruktion, die einige Berührungspunkte mit dem früheren Medium aufweist. Die Rede ist von einer formal gekennzeichneten Klasse der Funktionsverbgefüge (FVG), die vielfach als passivische bzw. passivwertige (pw) FVG bezeichnet werden. Y1 - 1991 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-12265 SN - 3-484-30270-4 SP - 253 EP - 261 PB - Niemeyer CY - Tübingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hornemann, Andrea A1 - Sinning, Denise A1 - Cortes, Sofia A1 - Campino, Lenea A1 - Emmer, Peggy A1 - Kuhls, Katrin A1 - Ulm, Gerhard A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Beckhoff, Burkhard T1 - A pilot study on fingerprinting Leishmania species from the Old World using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy JF - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry N2 - Leishmania species are protozoan parasites and the causative agents of leishmaniasis, a vector borne disease that imposes a large health burden on individuals living mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. Different Leishmania species are responsible for the distinct clinical patterns, such as cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis, with the latter being potentially fatal if left untreated. For this reason, it is important to perform correct species identification and differentiation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is an analytical spectroscopic technique increasingly being used as a potential tool for identification of microorganisms for diagnostic purposes. By employing mid-infrared (MIR) spectral data, it is not only possible to assess the chemical structures but also to achieve differentiation supported by multivariate statistic analysis. This work comprises a pilot study on differentiation of Leishmania species of the Old World (L. major, L. tropica, L. infantum, and L. donovani) as well as hybrids of distinct species by using vibrational spectroscopic fingerprints. Films of intact Leishmania parasites and their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were characterized comparatively with respect to their biochemical nature and MIR spectral patterns. The strains’ hyperspectral datasets were multivariately examined by means of variance-based principal components analysis (PCA) and distance-based hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). With the implementation of MIR spectral datasets we show that a phenotypic differentiation of Leishmania at species and intra-species level is feasible. Thus, FTIR spectroscopy can be further exploited for building up spectral databases of Leishmania parasites in view of high-throughput analysis of clinical specimens. KW - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy KW - hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) KW - principal components analysis (PCA) KW - Leishmania KW - DNA KW - multivariate differentiation Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-10080 SN - 1432-1130 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lux, Helge A1 - Edling, Matthias A1 - Siemroth, Peter A1 - Schrader, Sigurd T1 - Fast and Cost-Effective Synthesis of High-Quality Graphene on Copper Foils Using High-Current Arc Evaporation JF - Materials N2 - In this paper, we present an innovative and ultra-fast process for the deposition of high-quality graphene on different metal foils and thin metal films. The graphene layer can be homogeneously deposited in only 30 s process time. Due to the weak adhesion to the substrate material, the monolayer graphene is easy to transfer using the established processes. For the production, we use magnetic filtered high-current arc evaporation (Φ-HCA) with a solid, graphitic carbon source. This ultra-fast growth process can pave the way towards a cost-effective graphene synthesis for the mass production e.g., in a roll-to-roll process, avoiding time consuming established processes. KW - graphene KW - PVD KW - arc evaporation KW - copper KW - transfer KW - Φ-HCA Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-10359 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 11 IS - 5 SP - 1 EP - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grebinyk, Anna A1 - Grebinyk, Sergii A1 - Prylutska, Svitlana A1 - Ritter, Uwe A1 - Matyshevska, Olga A1 - Dandekar, Thomas A1 - Frohme, Marcus T1 - HPLC-ESI-MS method for C60 fullerene mitochondrial content quantification JF - Data in Brief N2 - The presented dataset describes the quantification of carbon nanoparticle C60 fullerene accumulated in mitochondria of human leukemic cells treated with nanostructure. Firstly, the high performance liquid chromatography–electro spray ionization–mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) method was developed for quantitative analysis of pristine C60 fullerene. Then, human leukemic cells were incubated with C60 fullerene, homogenized and subjected to the differential centrifugation to retrieve mitochondrial fraction. The C60 fullerene content was quantified by HPLC-ESI-MS in extracts of cellular fractions. This data article refers to the research article “C60 Fullerene Accumulation in Human Leukemic Cells and Perspectives of LED-mediated Photodynamic Therapy” by Grebinyk et al. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-10368 SN - 2352-3409 VL - 19 SP - 2047 EP - 2052 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rösch, Olga A1 - Tolkiehn, Günter-Ulrich T1 - Zum Diskurs über die Sprache in der Wissenschaftskommunikation JF - Die neue Hochschule : DNH N2 - Der Diskurs über die Wissenschaftssprache darf nicht von außerwissenschaftlichen Interessen bestimmt werden. Er muss in den Bereich der Wissenschaft zurückgeholt und dort freiheitlich mit wissenschaftlicher Rationalität geführt werden. KW - Sprache KW - Lehrsprache KW - Wissenschaftssprache KW - Wissenschaftsfreiheit KW - Technologietransfer Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-10465 SN - 0340-448X IS - 4 SP - 26 EP - 29 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischbach, Jens A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Glökler, Jörn T1 - Hinge-initiated Primer-dependent Amplification of Nucleic Acids (HIP) – A New Versatile Isothermal Amplification Method JF - Scientific Reports N2 - The growing demand for cost-effective nucleic acid detection assays leads to an increasing number of different isothermal amplification reaction methods. However, all of the most efficient methods suffer from highly complex assay conditions due to the use of complicated primer sets and/or auxiliary enzymes. The present study describes the application of a new linker moiety that can be incorporated between a primer and a secondary target binding site which can act both as a block to polymerase extension as well as a hinge for refolding. This novel “hinge-primer” approach results in an efficient regeneration of the primer binding site and thus improves the strand-displacement and amplification process under isothermal conditions. Our investigations revealed that the reaction with forward and reverse hinge-primer including an abasic site is very efficient. The assay complexity can be reduced by combining the hinge-primer with a corresponding linear primer. Furthermore, the reaction speed can be increased by reducing the length of the amplified target sequence. We tested the sensitivity down to 104 copies and found a linear correlation between reaction time and input copy number. Our approach overcomes the usually cumbersome primer-design and extends the range of isothermal amplification methods using a polymerase with strand-displacement activity. KW - DNA synthesis KW - pathogen Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-9824 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 7 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Marc, Goerigk A1 - Liebchen, Christian ED - D'Angelo, Gianlorenzo ED - Dollevoet, Twan T1 - An Improved Algorithm for the Periodic Timetabling Problem T2 - 17th Workshop on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2017) N2 - We consider the computation of periodic timetables, which is a key task in the service design process of public transportation companies. We propose a new approach for solving the periodic timetable optimisation problem. It consists of a (partially) heuristic network aggregation to reduce the problem size and make it accessible to standard mixed-integer programming (MIP) solvers. We alternate the invocation of a MIP solver with the well-known problem specific modulo network simplex heuristic (ModSim). This iterative approach helps the ModSim-method to overcome local minima efficiently, and provides the MIP solver with better initial solutions. Our computational experiments are based on the 16 railway instances of the PESPlib, which is the only currently available collection of periodic event scheduling problem instances. For each of these instances, we are able to reduce the objective values of previously best known solutions by at least 10.0%, and up to 22.8% with our iterative combined method. KW - periodic timetabling KW - railway optimisation KW - modulo network simplex KW - periodic event scheduling problem Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-9899 SN - 978-3-95977-042-2 SP - 12:1 EP - 12:14 PB - Schloss Dagstuhl / Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik CY - Dagstuhl ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Karakuş, Mehmet A1 - Nasereddin, Abed A1 - Onay, Hüseyin A1 - Karaca, Emin A1 - Özkeklikçi, Ahmet A1 - Jaffe, Charles L. A1 - Kuhls, Katrin A1 - Özbilgin, Ahmet A1 - Ertabaklar, Hatice A1 - Demir, Samiye A1 - Özbel, Yusuf A1 - Töz, Seray T1 - Epidemiological analysis of Leishmania tropica strains and giemsa-stained smears from Syrian and Turkish leishmaniasis patients using multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) JF - PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases N2 - Turkey is located in an important geographical location, in terms of the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases, linking Asia and Europe. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the endemic diseases in a Turkey and according to the Ministry Health of Turkey, 45% of CL patients originate from Şanlıurfa province located in southeastern Turkey. Herein, the epidemiological status of CL, caused by L. tropica, in Turkey was examined using multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) of strains obtained from Turkish and Syrian patients. A total of 38 cryopreserved strains and 20 Giemsa-stained smears were included in the present study. MLMT was performed using 12 highly specific microsatellite markers. Delta K (ΔK) calculation and Bayesian statistics were used to determine the population structure. Three main populations (POP A, B and C) were identified and further examination revealed the presence of three subpopulations for POP B and C. Combined analysis was performed using the data of previously typed L. tropica strains and Mediterranean and Şanlıurfa populations were identified. This finding suggests that the epidemiological status of L. tropica is more complicated than expected when compared to previous studies. A new population, comprised of Syrian L. tropica samples, was reported for the first time in Turkey, and the data presented here will provide new epidemiological information for further studies. Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-9313 SN - 1935-2735 VL - 11 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pfeil, Juliane A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Schulze, Katja T1 - Mobile microscopy for the examination of blood samples JF - EMBnet.journal N2 - The analysis of blood is one of the best possibilities to diagnose and control diseases and deficiency symptoms. Common blood tests that are performed in medical laboratories are time-consuming and work-intensive. In under-developed areas, there is often also a lack of specialised staff and facilities. The development of a mobile microscopic system that contains an automated image analysis and that can be used via a smartphone, could represent a valuable help to improve the diagnostic care, especially in those areas. it aims to enable a very fast, cheap, location- and knowledge-independent application for many use cases. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-10509 SN - 2226-6089 VL - 23 SP - e904 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerhard, Christoph A1 - Gimpel, Thomas A1 - Tasche, Daniel A1 - Koch, Jennifer A1 - Brückner, Stephan A1 - Flachenecker, Günter A1 - Wieneke, Stephan A1 - Schade, Wolfgang A1 - Viöl, Wolfgang T1 - Atmospheric pressure plasma-assisted femtosecond laser engraving of aluminium JF - Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics N2 - In this contribution, we report on the impact of direct dielectric barrier discharge argon plasma at atmospheric pressure on femtosecond laser engraving of aluminium. It is shown that the assisting plasma strongly affects the surface geometry and formation of spikes of both laser-engraved single lines and patterns of adjacent lines with an appropriate overlap. Further, it was observed that the overall ablation depth is significantly increased in case of large-scale patterning whereas no notable differences in ablation depth are found for single lines. Several possible mechanisms and underlying effects of this behaviour are suggested. The increase in ablation depth is supposed to be due to a plasma-induced removal of debris particles from the cutting point via charging and oxidation as supported by EDX analysis of the re-solidified debris. Furthermore, the impact of a higher degree of surface wrinkling as well as direct interactions of plasma species with the aluminium surface on the ablation process are discussed. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-10521 SN - 1361-6463 VL - 51 SP - 1 EP - 7 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Borndörfer, Ralf A1 - Karbstein, Marika A1 - Liebchen, Christian A1 - Lindner, Niels ED - Borndörfer, Ralf ED - Storandt, Sabine T1 - A Simple Way to Compute the Number of Vehicles That Are Required to Operate a Periodic Timetable T2 - 18th Workshop on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2018) N2 - We consider the following planning problem in public transportation: Given a periodic timetable, how many vehicles are required to operate it? In [Julius Paetzold et al., 2017], for this sequential approach, it is proposed to first expand the periodic timetable over time, and then answer the above question by solving a flow-based aperiodic optimization problem. In this contribution we propose to keep the compact periodic representation of the timetable and simply solve a particular perfect matching problem. For practical networks, it is very much likely that the matching problem decomposes into several connected components. Our key observation is that there is no need to change any turnaround decision for the vehicles of a line during the day, as long as the timetable stays exactly the same. KW - vehicle scheduling KW - periodic timetabling KW - bipartite matching Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-10549 SN - 978-3-95977-096-5 SP - 16:1 EP - 16:15 PB - Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik GmbH CY - Wadern ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerhard, Christoph A1 - Stappenbeck, Marco T1 - Impact of the Polishing Suspension Concentration on Laser Damage of Classically Manufactured and Plasma Post-Processed Zinc Crown Glass Surfaces JF - Applied Sciences N2 - The laser-induced damage threshold of optics is an issue of essential importance in high-power laser applications. However, the complex and partially interacting mechanisms as well as the underlying reasons for laser damage of glass surfaces are not yet fully understood. The aim of the present work is to contribute to a better understanding of such damage mechanisms by providing original results on the impact of classical glass surface machining on the laser-induced damage threshold. For this purpose, glass samples were prepared with well-defined process conditions in terms of the used lapping and polishing agents and suspensions. Further, the samples were post-processed by atmospheric pressure plasma for precision cleaning. The laser-induced damage threshold and surface contamination by residues from the manufacturing process were determined before and after plasma post-processing. It is shown that the polishing suspension concentration has a certain impact on the laser-induced damage threshold and surface contamination by residues from used working materials. The highest damage threshold of 15.2 J/cm² is found for the lowest surface contamination by carbon which occurs in the case of the highest polishing suspension concentration. After plasma treatment for merely 60 s, this value was increased to 20.3 J/cm² due to the removal of surface-adherent carbon. The results thus imply that the laser-induced damage threshold can notably be increased by first choosing appropriate process parameters during classical manufacturing and second plasma post-processing for surface finishing. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-10556 SN - 2076-3417 VL - 8 IS - 9 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - MDPI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Steglich, Patrick ED - You, Kok Yeow T1 - Silicon-on-Insulator Slot Waveguides: Theory and Applications in Electro-Optics and Optical Sensing T2 - Emerging Waveguide Technology N2 - This chapter deals with the basic concept of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) slot waveguides,including slot waveguide theory, fabrication steps, and applications. First, in the theorysection, a modal field expression and the characteristic equation is derived, which is alsovalid for higher-order modes. SOI slot waveguide structures are simulated and character-istic values like the effective refractive indices and the field confinement factors are deter-mined. The fabrication section describes typical SOI fabrication steps and the limits ofcurrent fabrication techniques. Additionally, developments regarding loss reduction inSOI slot waveguides are given from the fabrication point of view. This is followed by thetheory and practice of slot waveguide based electro-optical modulators. Here, the SOI slotwaveguide is embedded in an organic nonlinear optical material in order to achieverecord-low voltage-length products. In the field of optical sensors, it is shown that slotwaveguides enable remarkable waveguide sensitivity for both refractive index sensingand surface sensing. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-10563 SN - 978-1-78923-493-0 SP - 187 EP - 210 PB - IntechOpen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grebinyk, Anna A1 - Grebinyk, Sergii A1 - Prylutska, Svitlana A1 - Ritter, Uwe A1 - Matyshevska, Olga A1 - Dandekar, Thomas A1 - Frohme, Marcus T1 - C60 fullerene accumulation in human leukemic cells and perspectives of LED-mediated photodynamic therapy JF - Free Radical Biology and Medicine N2 - Recent progress in nanobiotechnology has attracted interest to a biomedical application of the carbon nanostructure C60 fullerene since it possesses a unique structure and versatile biological activity. C60 fullerene potential application in the frame of cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) relies on rapid development of new light sources as well as on better understanding of the fullerene interaction with cells. The aim of this study was to analyze C60 fullerene effects on human leukemic cells (CCRF-CEM) in combination with high power single chip light-emitting diodes (LEDs) light irradiation of different wavelengths: ultraviolet (UV, 365 nm), violet (405 nm), green (515 nm) and red (632 nm). The time-dependent accumulation of fullerene C60 in CCRF-CEM cells up to 250 ng/106 cells at 24 h with predominant localization within mitochondria was demonstrated with immunocytochemical staining and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. In a cell viability assay we studied photoexcitation of the accumulated C60 nanostructures with ultraviolet or violet LEDs and could prove that significant phototoxic effects did arise. A less pronounced C60 fullerene phototoxic effect was observed after irradiation with green, and no effect was detected with red light. A C60 fullerene photoactivation with violet light induced substantial ROS generation and apoptotic cell death, confirmed by caspase3/7 activation and plasma membrane phosphatidylserine externalization. Our work proved C60 fullerene ability to induce apoptosis of leukemic cells after photoexcitation with high power single chip 405 nm LED as a light source. This underlined the potential for application of C60 nanostructure as a photosensitizer for anticancer therapy. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-10588 SN - 1873-4596 VL - 124 SP - 319 EP - 327 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meier, Richard A1 - Graw, Stefan A1 - Beyerlein, Peter A1 - Koestler, Devin A1 - Molina, Julian R. A1 - Chien, Jeremy T1 - digit—a tool for detection and identification of genomic interchromosomal translocations JF - Nucleic Acids Research N2 - Structural variations (SVs) in genomic DNA can have profound effects on the evolution of living organisms, on phenotypic variations and on disease processes. A critical step in discovering the full extent of structural variations is the development of tools to characterize these variations accurately in next generation sequencing data. Toward this goal, we developed a software pipeline named digit that implements a novel measure of mapping ambiguity to discover interchromosomal SVs from mate-pair and pair-end sequencing data. The workflow robustly handles the high numbers of artifacts present in mate-pair sequencing and reduces the false positive rate while maintaining sensitivity. In the simulated data set, our workflow recovered 96% of simulated SVs. It generates a self-updating library of common translocations and allows for the investigation of patient- or group-specific events, making it suitable for discovering and cataloging chromosomal translocations associated with specific groups, traits, diseases or population structures. Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-9697 SN - 1362-4962 VL - 45 IS - 9 SP - e72 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kinuthia, Chuaga A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Brödel, Oliver A1 - Mugendi, Beatrice T1 - LCMS Analysis of Biochemical Composition in Different Kenyan Coffee Classifications JF - Food Science and Quality Management N2 - Kenyan coffee is classified by defects after grading by the ‘Devonshire method.’ The method involves classification of the coffee beans into different classes based on the raw and roasted coffees and cup quality, with class one being the best and ten the poorest. In this study, the relationship between classification of the coffee and the content of sucrose, trigonelline, caffeine and chlorogenic acids was determined by simultaneous LC-MS analysis. By using the sensory variables the class 3 coffee portrayed the best quality, followed by class 4 and 5 which were placed further distinctively from the other classes (6, 7, 8 and 9). The class 3 coffee had a high percent of non-defective beans with 94.31% and class 9 had a high defect count at 79.53% hence the defective beans increased with decrease in coffee class. The caffeine concentration in green coffee for class 3 coffee was significantly different from the rest of the coffees at 1.23 ± 0.00g/100g. A higher content of trigonelline levels was observed as the quality of the green coffee decreased in classes 6, 7 and 8. The highest level of sucrose in green coffee beans was observed in class 3 coffee and the lowest in the class 9. Lower content of chlorogenic acids were observed among the high quality coffees i.e. class 3, 4 and 5 with class 3 having the lowest while a higher content was observed among the lower quality coffees i.e. classes 6, 7 and 9 with class 6 having a higher content was it significantly different in class 6 compared to 7 and 9?. Quantities of different chemical components among the classes are clear indicators that the classification method used on the Kenyan coffees brings out the differences in coffee quality based on the analysis of the green and the roasted coffees. KW - biochemical composition KW - coffee classification KW - LCMS Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-10185 UR - https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/FSQM/article/view/39645/40765 SN - 2225-0557 VL - 69 SP - 44 EP - 52 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jacob, Thomas A1 - Kubica, Stefan ED - Kubica, Stefan ED - Ringshausen, Hagen ED - Reiff-Stephan, Jörg ED - Schlingelhof, Marius T1 - Einsatz von Stream-Machine-Learning auf Fahrzeugdaten T2 - 2. Automobil Symposium Wildau: Tagungsband Technische Hochschule Wildau 2017 N2 - Daten liegen in modernen Fahrzeugen in einer großen Menge vor. Die Daten, welche die Sensoren des Fahrzeuges erzeugen, werden über Bus-Systeme zentral zur Verfügung gestellt und für die jeweiligen Anwendungen von den Steuergeräten ausgewertet. Nach diesem Einsatz werden die Sensordaten verworfen. Eine Herausforderung an die Verwendung jener Daten sind die Historisierung und systematische Auswertung dieser. Dafür werden Data-Mining-Methoden angewandt, welche die internen sowie die externen Daten (Car2X-Kommunikation) in Echtzeit auswerten und mit dem digitalem Gedächtnis abgleichen. Ziel dessen ist die Erkennung von Mustern, zur Identifikation von Situationen (z.B. Verkehrsunfall) und Fahrzuständen (z.B. Autobahnfahrt). Als Ergebnisse sollen der Komfort der Insassen und die Sicherheit des Straßenverkehrs verbessert werden. Potentiell bedrohliche Situationen sollen dabei vor dem Eintreffen erkannt werden, um Fahrer und Fahrzeug entsprechend zu konditionieren. Das Vorhaben zielt konkret auf ein Echtzeit-Data-Mining von Fahrzeugdaten ab. Dabei wird Stream-Machine-Learning als möglicher Lösungsansatz verwendet, da große Datenmengen vorhanden sind und diese in Echtzeit ausgewertet werden müssen, um potentiell bedrohliche Situationen frühzeitig zu erkennen. Der klassische Batch-Learning-Ansatz ist dazu nicht geeignet, da jener alle Daten mit einmal verarbeiten will. Stream-Machine-Learning kombiniert das Konzept von Datenströmen mit dem Online-Lernen. Dadurch verwendet der Ansatz nur die im Stream empfangenden Daten und zudem lernt er während des Betriebs weiter. Nach jeder verarbeiteten Instanz ist es dem Algorithmus möglich ein Modell auszugeben bzw. das vorhandene Modell wird weiter trainiert. Ein selbstständiges Lernen wird ermöglicht. Für die Umsetzung ist eine Toolchain erstellt worden, die das Vorhaben mit vom Fahrzeug erzeugten und über die OBD2-Schnittstelle bereitgestellten Datensätzen simuliert darstellt. Dabei ist besonderes Augenmerk auf die Komptabilität zu in Fahrzeugen genutzten Betriebssysteme (Linux, Autosar [WaPa12]) gelegt, damit eine Migration gewährleistet wird. Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-9039 SP - 39 EP - 46 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maier, Petra A1 - Clausius, Benjamin A1 - Richter, Asta A1 - Bittner, Benjamin A1 - Hort, Norbert A1 - Menze, Roman T1 - Crack Propagation in As-Extruded and Heat-Treated Mg-Dy-Nd-Zn-Zr Alloy Explained by the Effect of LPSO Structures and Their Micro- and Nanohardness JF - Materials N2 - The investigation of the crack propagation in as-extruded and heat-treated Mg-Dy-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy with a focus on the interaction of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structures is the aim of this study. Solution heat treatment on a hot extruded Mg-Dy-Nd-Zn-Zr (RESOLOY®) was done to change the initial fine-grained microstructure, consisting of grain boundary blocky LPSO and lamellar LPSO structures within the matrix, into coarser grains of less lamellar and blocky LPSO phases. C-ring compression tests in Ringer solution were used to cause a fracture. Crack initiation and propagation is influenced by twin boundaries and LPSO lamellae. The blocky LPSO phases also clearly hinder crack growth, by increasing the energy to pass either through the phase or along its interface. The microstructural features were characterized by micro- and nanohardness as well as the amount and location of LPSO phases in dependence on the heat treatment condition. By applying nanoindentation, blocky LPSO phases show a higher hardness than the grains with or without lamellar LPSO phases and their hardness decreases with heat treatment time. On the other hand, the matrix increases in hardness by solid solution strengthening. The microstructure consisting of a good balance of grain size, matrix and blocky LPSO phases and twins shows the highest fracture energy. KW - magnesium KW - Mg-Dy-Nd-Zn-Zr KW - RESOLOY® KW - LPSO phases KW - crack propagation KW - hardness KW - nanoindentation Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-14194 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 14 IS - 13 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grebinyk, Anna A1 - Prylutska, Svitlana A1 - Grebinyk, Sergii A1 - Evstigneev, Maxim A1 - Krysiuk, Iryna A1 - Skaterna, Tetiana A1 - Horak, Iryna A1 - Sun, Yanfang A1 - Drobot, Liudmyla A1 - Matyshevska, Olga A1 - Prylutskyy, Yuriy A1 - Ritter, Uwe A1 - Frohme, Marcus T1 - Antitumor efficiency of the natural alkaloid berberine complexed with C60 fullerene in Lewis lung carcinoma in vitro and in vivo JF - Cancer Nanotechnology N2 - Background Berberine (Ber) is a herbal alkaloid with pharmacological activity in general and a high anticancer potency in particular. However, due to its low bioavailability, the difficulty in reaching a target and choosing the right dose, there is a need to improve approaches of Ber use in anticancer therapy. In this study, Ber, noncovalently bound to a carbon nanostructure C60 fullerene (C60) at various molar ratios of the components, was explored against Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). Methods C60–Ber noncovalent nanocomplexes were synthesized in 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1 molar ratios. Ber release from the nanocomplexes was studied after prolonged incubation at different pH with the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of free Ber content. Biological effects of the free and C60-complaxated Ber were studied in vitro towards LLC cells with phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, MTT reduction, caspase activity and wound closure assays. The treatment with C60–Ber nanocomplex was evaluated in vivo with the LLC-tumored C57Bl mice. The mice body weight, tumor size, tumor weight and tumor weight index were assessed for four groups, treated with saline, 15 mg C60/kg, 7.5 mg Ber/kg or 2:1 C60-Ber nanocomplex (15 mg C60/kg, 7.5 mg Ber/kg). Results Ber release from C60–Ber nanocomplexes was promoted with medium acidification. LLC cells treatment with C60–Ber nanocomplexes was followed by enhanced Ber intracellular uptake as compared to free Ber. The cytotoxicity of the studied agents followed the order: free Ber < 1:2 < 1:1 < 2:1 C60–Ber nanocomplex. The potency of cytotoxic effect of 2:1 C60–Ber nanocomplex was confirmed by 21.3-fold decrease of IC50 value (0.8 ± 0.3 µM) compared to IC50 for free Ber (17 ± 2 µM). C60–Ber nanocomplexes induced caspase 3/7 activation and suppressed the migration activity of LLC cells. The therapeutic potency of 2:1 C60–Ber nanocomplex was confirmed in a mouse model of LLC. The tumor growth in the group treated with 2:1 C60–Ber nanocomplex is suppressed by approximately 50% at the end of experiment, while in the tumor-bearing group treated with free Ber no therapeutic effect was detected. Conclusions This study indicates that complexation of natural alkaloid Ber with C60 may be a novel therapeutic strategy against lung carcinoma. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-14749 SN - 1868-6966 VL - 12 SP - 24 PB - BioMed Central ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goldenberg, Leonid A1 - Köhler, Mathias A1 - Dreyer, Christian T1 - SiO2 Nanoparticles-Acrylate Formulations for Core and Cladding in Planar Optical Waveguides JF - Nanomaterials N2 - A combination of acrylate formulations and SiO2 nanoparticles is investigated with the aim to improve the optical properties of low-refractive index polymers that are used for the fabrication of planar optical waveguides. A decrease in refractive index and also in the thermo-optic coefficient of nanocomposite materials is clearly demonstrated, while some formulations exhibit an increase in the glass transition temperature. The possibility of using these nanocomposite materials to fabricate waveguiding layers with low optical propagation losses at telecommunication wavelengths around 1550 nm is also shown. The nanomaterials can be applied in optical microchips on polymer platforms. KW - fluorinated acrylate KW - silica nanoparticle KW - nanocomposite KW - thermo-optic coefficient KW - optical propagation loss Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-14057 SN - 2079-4991 VL - 11 IS - 5 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rüdiger, Jens T1 - Enhancements of the numerical simulation algorithm for natural gas networks based on node potential analysis JF - IFAC-PapersOnLine N2 - A reliable energy supply for the economy of every country is a matter of national importance. Powerful simulation tools for natural gas networks are essential for operators of gas networks. In this paper, enhancement algorithms of previous developed node potential analysis algorithm are presented. These enhancement algorithms are used for a reasonable setting of initial values in the numerical gas net simulation algorithm. The setting of the initial values has a significant influence on the convergence behavior of the numerical simulation. The presented enhancement algorithms are explained and simulation results are evaluated. KW - energy supply KW - gas net KW - pipeline KW - natural gas KW - simulation KW - numerical algorithm Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-14129 SN - 2405-8963 VL - 53 IS - 2 SP - 13119 EP - 13124 ER - TY - THES A1 - Grebinyk, Anna T1 - Synergistic Chemo- and Photodynamic Treatment of Cancer Cells with C60 Fullerene Nanocomplexes N2 - Recent progress in nanotechnology has attracted interest to a biomedical application of the carbon nanoparticle C60 fullerene (C60) due to its unique structure and versatile biological activity. In the current study the dual functionality of C60 as a photosensitizer and a drug nanocarrier was exploited to improve the efficiency of chemotherapeutic drugs towards human leukemic cells. Pristine C60 demonstrated time-dependent accumulation with predominant mitochondrial localization in leukemic cells. C60’s effects on leukemic cells irradiated with high power single chip LEDs of different wavelengths were assessed to find out the most effective photoexcitation conditions. A C60-based noncovalent nanosized system as a carrier for an optimized drug delivery to the cells was evaluated in accordance to its physicochemical properties and toxic effects. Finally, nanomolar amounts of C60-drug nanocomplexes in 1:1 and 2:1 molar ratios were explored to improve the efficiency of cell treatment, complementing it with photodynamic approach. A proposed treatment strategy was developed for C60 nanocomplexes with the common chemotherapeutic drug Doxorubicin, whose intracellular accumulation and localization, cytotoxicity and mechanism of action were investigated. The developed strategy was revealed to be transferable to an alternative potent anticancer drug – the herbal alkaloid Berberine. Hereafter, a strong synergy of treatments arising from the combination of C60-mediated drug delivery and C60 photoexcitation was revealed. Presented data indicate that a combination of chemo- and photodynamic treatments with C60-drug nanoformulations could provide a promising synergetic approach for cancer treatment. KW - cancer KW - drug delivery KW - photodynamic therapy KW - fullerene Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-14137 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grytsenko, Kostyantyn A1 - Ksianzou, Viachaslau A1 - Kolomzarov, Yurii A1 - Lytvyn, Peter A1 - Dietzel, Birgit A1 - Schrader, Sigurd T1 - Fluoropolymer Film Formation by Electron Activated Vacuum Deposition JF - Surfaces N2 - Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyhexafluoropropylene (PHFP) and polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) were heated to their decomposition temperature in a high vacuum. The emitted fragments passed an electron cloud, condensed on a substrate and formed fluoropolymer film. Growth rate of PTFE and PHFP films increased up to a factor five in the presence of the electron cloud. Mass spectrometry revealed changes in the mass spectra of fragments generated by thermal decomposition only and formed under electron activation. The observed changes were different for each fluoropolymer. Infrared spectroscopy (IRS) showed that the structure of the films was close to the structure of the bulk polymers. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has revealed different morphologies of PTFE, PHFP and PCTFE films, suggesting a Volmer–Weber growth mechanism for PTFE and PHFP but a Frank-van der Merwe one for PCTFE. All films were smooth at nanoscale and transparent from ultraviolet to near-infrared region. Additional radio frequency (RF) plasma ignited in the emitted fragments at a low pressure increased mechanical characteristics of the films without losing their optical transparency and smoothness. KW - fluoropolymer thin film KW - vacuum deposition KW - polymerization KW - plasma KW - surface Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-13786 SN - 2571-9637 VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 66 EP - 80 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lisdat, Fred T1 - Coupling biology to electrochemistry—future trends and needs JF - Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry N2 - The coupling of biological entities with electrodes has already quite some history and has reached a status which is not only based on phenomenological descriptions. Nowadays, we are able to effectively couple redox centres within protein molecules to electrochemical transducers. This allows the transduction of a biochemical reaction into an electrode signal with applications mainly in sensing and bioenergetics [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. However, in most cases, this coupling is not direct, and shuttle molecules or side products of the reaction are used. But also for the direct coupling, significant progress has been made, and several enzymes and redox proteins can be addressed directly by electrodes [8,9,10,11,12,13]. The understanding of the functioning of developed systems is, however, in its infancy. Charge and electrostatic interactions have been mostly studied, and for small dipole molecules such as cytochrome c, the situation can be well described [14]. There is a lack of understanding for more complex enzyme molecules which brings a lot of trial and error into research. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-13639 SN - 1433-0768 VL - 24 SP - 2125 EP - 2127 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Göbel, Gero A1 - Talke, Anja A1 - Ahnert, Uwe A1 - Lisdat, Fred T1 - Electrochemical Activity Determination of Catechol-O-methyl Transferase by Selective Dopamine Detection JF - ChemElectroChem N2 - For the treatment of Parkinson's disease, as one of the most frequent diseases of the central nervous system, several key enzymes for dopamine metabolism [e. g. catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)] are drug targets. For an efficient and long-lasting treatment, the activity of this enzyme should be monitored. In this study, an electrochemical approach using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) is introduced for the activity determination. The applied electrode material, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), is characterized by a clear discrimination between substrate and product of COMT, a high stability of the dopamine signal during consecutive measurements, and a linear dependency on the dopamine concentration in the range of the maximum reaction rate of COMT. Despite these advantageous results, dopamine detection in the complete activity assay is influenced by each of the added essential assay components, even though none of the added components reveal a current signal at the FTO electrode itself. After adjusting the potential range and the assay composition, these effects can be circumvented. By following the dopamine concentrations during COMT action, it can be shown that the activity of COMT can be detected by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at an FTO electrode and, by analyzing different COMT amounts, quantification can be demonstrated. KW - catechol-O-methyl transferase KW - dopamine KW - flow system KW - fluorine-doped tin oxide KW - sensing Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-13900 VL - 6 IS - 17 SP - 4533 EP - 4540 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ke, Yu A1 - Nie, Lei A1 - Liebchen, Christian A1 - Yuan, Wuyang A1 - Wu, Xin T1 - Improving Synchronization in an Air and High-Speed Rail Integration Service via Adjusting a Rail Timetable: A Real-World Case Study in China JF - Journal of Advanced Transportation N2 - Air and high-speed rail (AH) integration services are gaining ground with the development of the high-speed railway and airline industries. A well-designed feeder train timetable with good synchronization is of great significance in an AH integration service, because it can improve the connectivity at transfer nodes and offer more opportunities for intermodal passengers to travel. In this study, we propose a multi-objective model of a feeder railway timetable problem in an AH integration service to improve synchronization. The aims of the optimization model are to maximize the number of synchronizations and the coverage of synchronized flights, as well as to minimize the transfer penalties of passengers. We focus on a scenario of a partial subnetwork in which one direction of a two-direction railroad line with one transfer station is considered. The model is applied to Shijiazhuang Zhengding International Airport, China. The results illustrate the effectiveness of the approach developed in the paper. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-13105 SN - 2042-3195 VL - 2020 PB - Hindawi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerhard, Christoph A1 - Letien, Emilie A1 - Cressent, Thomas A1 - Hofmann, Mandy T1 - Inline monitoring of hydrogenous plasma-induced defect formation within fused silica via plasma emission spectroscopy JF - Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing N2 - In this paper, the indirect monitoring of plasma-induced defect formation within fused silica via plasma emission spectroscopy is presented. It is shown that low-pressure plasma treatment with hydrogen as process gas leads to a decrease in UV transmission of fused silica. This decrease can be directly attributed to oxygen vacancy-related defects and the presence of hydrogen within the silicon dioxide glass network. By the analysis of the plasma composition, it was observed that the amount of oxygen within the plasma increases with increasing treatment duration. Hence, oxygen was continuously released from glass network in the course of the plasma treatment. It was further observed that this release is strongly dependent on the applied plasma power where the lowest process efficiency occurs at the highest plasma power. It is shown that an increase in plasma power leads to a remarkable increase in light emission from the working gas, hydrogen. This observation indicates that the higher the degree of excitation and ionisation of the plasma, the lower the efficiency of plasma-induced formation of oxygen deficiency-related defects. This finding is of mentionable relevance for a better understanding of plasma-induced surface modification and coating processes. KW - fused silica KW - Optical property KW - oxygen deficiency KW - glass defect KW - plasma treatment KW - plasma emission spectroscopy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-13118 SN - 1432-0630 VL - 126 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pajčin, Ivana A1 - Vlajkov, Vanja A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Grebinyk, Sergii A1 - Grahovac, Mila A1 - Mojićević, Marija A1 - Grahovac, Jovana T1 - Pepper Bacterial Spot Control by Bacillus velezensis: Bioprocess Solution JF - Microorganisms N2 - Pepper bacterial spot is one of the most severe plant diseases in terms of infection persistence and economic losses when it comes to fresh pepper fruits used in nutrition and industrial processing. In this study, Bacillus velezensis IP22 isolated from fresh cheese was used as a biocontrol agent of pepper bacterial spot, whose main causal agent is the cosmopolitan pathogen Xanthomonas euvesicatoria. After optimization of the cultivation medium composition aimed at maximizing of the antimicrobial activity against X. euvesicatoria and validation of the optimized medium at the scale of a laboratory bioreactor, in planta tests were performed. The results have showed significant suppression of bacterial spot symptoms in pepper plants by the produced biocontrol agent, as well as reduction of disease spreading on the healthy (uninoculated) pepper leaves. Furthermore, HPLC-MS (high pressure liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry) analysis was employed to examine antimicrobial metabolites produced by B. velezensis IP22, where lipopeptides were found with similar m/z values compared to lipopeptides from fengycin and locillomycin families. The bioprocess solution developed at the laboratory scale investigated in this study represents a promising strategy for production of pepper bacterial spot biocontrol agent based on B. velezensis IP22, a food isolate with a great perspective for application in plant protection. KW - Xanthomonas euvesicatoria KW - biological control KW - biocontrol agent KW - medium optimization KW - lipopeptide KW - fengycin KW - locillomycin KW - HPLC-MS KW - bioreactor KW - laboratory scale Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-13510 SN - 2076-2607 VL - 8 IS - 10 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goldenberg, Leonid A1 - Köhler, Mathias A1 - Kahle, Olaf A1 - Dreyer, Christian T1 - Impact of inorganic nanoparticles on optical properties of low refractive index waveguiding polymers JF - Optical Materials Express N2 - The objective of this work is to improve the optical properties of low refractive index polymers used for waveguide by introduction of inorganic nanoparticles. Copolymers of fluorinated monomers and glycidyl methacrylate are used. Introduction of SiO2 nanoparticles into polymer matrix is performed by direct mixing; copolymerization with SiO2 nanoparticles modified by monomer, and in situ sol-gel formation of SiO2 during photochemical cross-linking and annealing catalyzed by photoacid generator. It is demonstrated that nanoparticles are able to decrease thermo-optic coefficient. It is also possible to fabricate waveguiding layers by direct introduction of nanoparticles without compromising of optical propagation losses. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-13521 SN - 2159-3930 VL - 10 IS - 11 SP - 2987 EP - 2997 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kornejew, Eckhart A1 - Dimitrov, Kiril A1 - Herzog, Michael T1 - New aromatic polyesterpolyols derived from PET industrial wastes T2 - Wissenschaftliche Beiträge 2014 N2 - China hat den globalen Recycling-Markt letztes Jahr mit der Ankündigung geschockt, nicht länger niederwertige Qualitäten von rezyklierbaren Abfällen von ausländischen Exporteuren zu akzeptieren – die so genannte „Aktion Grüner Zaun“ startete zu Beginn des Jahres 2013. Die Antwort im Westen sollte ein Innovations- und Investitionsschub in Recycling-Technologie zur Entwicklung eines erfolgreichen Recycling-Marktes sein. Dies sollte hochentwickelte Behandlungstechnologien und installierte Anlagentechnik umfassen. Für PET-Getränkeflaschen aus den Pfandsystemen haben wir einen Prozess des rohstofflichen Recyclings entwickelt, mit dem Ausgangsstoffe für verschiedene technische Anwendungen gewonnen werden können. Die gewonnenen Aromatischen Polyesterpolyole (APP) dienen hierbei als Ausgangsstoffe zur Herstellung von Polyurethanen. N2 - China sent shock waves through the global recycling market last year when it announced it would no longer be accepting poor qualities of recyclable waste from foreign exporters – the so-called green fence action started in the beginning of year 2013. The answer should be a wave of innovation and investment in recycling technology tocatalyze successful recycling markets in the west. This could include more sophisticated handling and treatment techniques and more high-technology processing plants. In the case of PET from returnable bottles we developed a process of chemical recycling to produce feedstocks for several technical applications. Aromatic polyester polyols (APP) are a major class of raw materials to produce polyurethanes. Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-3363 SN - 0949-8214 VL - 18 SP - 71 EP - 75 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rösch, Olga A1 - Scholl, Margit A1 - Strewe, Bettina A1 - Niemczik, Christian A1 - Teske, Anja T1 - Onlinekurs "Interkulturelles Lernen und Arbeiten" als ein Baustein der interkulturellen Qualifizierung - Anmerkungen zum Einsatz T2 - Wissenschaftliche Beiträge 2014 N2 - Im Rahmen des Verbundprojekts „InterKomp KMU 2.0“ ist im Teilprojekt „Technik und Kultur“ der TH Wildau [FH] ein computergestütztes Lehrwerk zu interkulturellen Kompetenzen für KMU und insbesondere für KKU in Brandenburg entstanden, das inhaltlich und methodisch sowohl mehreren Anforderungen an Weiterbildungsangebote im Themenfeld Interkulturalität entspricht als auch dem Lehr- und Lernformat Blended Learning (BL) genügt. Der modular aufgebaute Onlinekurs bildet thematisch die wichtigsten Schwerpunkte des Bereiches Interkulturelles Lernen ab, stellt eine bereichernde Ergänzung für jede interkulturelle Bildungsmaßnahme dar und ist für Nutzer frei und kostenlos zugänglich. Für das selbstständige Lernen ist der Onlinekurs eine gute Möglichkeit, eine größere Sensibilität für interkulturellen Kontexte zu entwickeln und das Grundlagenwissen auf dem Gebiet der interkulturellen Kommunikation anzueignen. Allerdings muss er als Lehrund Lernmaterial in den Gesamtzusammenhang der interkulturellen Bildung eingebettet und der Lernprozess durch diskursive Lernmethoden in den Präsenzphasen professionell begleitet werden, um das Lernziel interkultureller Handlungskompetenz zu erreichen. Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-3427 SN - 0949-8214 VL - 18 SP - 117 EP - 125 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lisker, Roberto A1 - Hellwig, Udo A1 - Wildenauer, Franz-Xaver T1 - Entwicklung und Leistungsbestimmung einer 2,2 kW Tesla Turbine T2 - Wissenschaftliche Beiträge 2015 N2 - Im Folgenden wird die Entwicklung und Evaluation eines 2,2 kW Tesla Turbinen Prototyps beschrieben. Ausgehend von der konstruktiven Verbesserung der Ein- und Auslassströmung – mit dem Ziel der Steigerung des isentropen Wirkungsgrades – wurde ein Turbinenprototyp gefertigt und auf einem Turbinenversuchsstand erprobt. Hierbei wurde untersucht, ob eine Wirkungsgradsteigerung mit einem Profileinsatz möglich ist. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse lagen im Erwartungsbereich und zeigten, dass der Profileinsatz zu einer Wirkungsgradsteigerung bei beiträgt. N2 - This article deals with the development and evaluation of a 2.2 kW Tesla Turbine prototype. Based on design improvements of the in- and outflow of the turbine, with the goal of increasing the isentropic efficiency, a Tesla Turbine Prototype has been built and tested in a turbine test rack. It was investigated whether a profiled shaft inset can increase the isentropic efficiency of the turbine. The results were achieved and demonstrated that a profiled shaft can increase the efficiency of the turbine. Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-3582 SN - 0949-8214 VL - 19 SP - 61 EP - 66 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jacob, Thomas A1 - Kubica, Stefan ED - Kubica, Stefan ED - Ringshausen, Hagen ED - Reiff-Stephan, Jörg ED - Schlingelhof, Marius T1 - Data-Mining-Methoden zur frühzeitigen Erkennung bedrohlicher Situationen im Fahrzeug T2 - 1. Automobil Symposium Wildau: Tagungsband N2 - Das autonome Fahren ist eines der großen Themen im Automobilbereich der Gegenwart. Umsatzstarke Soft­ware-Unternehmen gehen Kooperationen mit Unter­nehmen der Automobilbranche ein, um das automati­sierte Fahren schnellstmöglich voranzutreiben (Fuest 2015). Gleichzeitig forschen diverse Universitäten an dem Thema und zeigen bereits weitgehende Fortschrit­te. Exemplarisch ist die Universität Ulm zu nennen, die bereits Testfahrten im urbanen Gebiet erfolgreich absol­viert hat (Dietmayer 2014). Auch die Politik fördert den Forschungsschwerpunkt zunehmend. Als Beispiel ist das Förderprogramm »Elektroniksysteme für das vollauto­matisierte Fahren (ELEVATE)« zu nennen, welches vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung angebo­ten wird (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung 2015). Diese intensive Forschung, die gleichzeitig von der Wirtschaft, der Wissenschaft und der Politik vorange­trieben wird, zeigt wie viel Potential das Thema besitzt. Auch dadurch stellen sich neue Herausforderungen an die Sensorik innerhalb der Fahrzeuge. Aktuell wird der Großteil der Sensordaten einmalig für den jeweiligen Zweck genutzt und anschließend verworfen. An diesen Punkt setzen das Vorhaben und der damit ver­bundene Einsatz von Data-Mining-Methoden an. Ziel ist die systematische Auswertung von Daten im Fahrzeug und von außerhalb (Car2X) in Echtzeit, um aktuelle Fahrsituationen mit einem digitalen Gedächtnis abzu­gleichen und somit einen kurzen Blick in die Zukunft abzuleiten. Hierbei werden Situationen durch Muster erkannt und Fahrzeug bzw. Fahrer konditioniert, um die Situation positiv zu beeinflussen. Das Vorhaben ist nicht ausschließlich auf das autonome Fahren ausgerichtet, sondern auch als Hilfe für fahrerge­lenkte Fahrzeuge konzipiert. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-5576 SP - 59 EP - 63 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stern, Daniel A1 - Pauly, Diana A1 - Zydek, Martin A1 - Miller, Lilija A1 - Piesker, Janett A1 - Laue, Michael A1 - Lisdat, Fred A1 - Dorner, Martin B. A1 - Dorner, Brigitte G. A1 - Nitsche, Andreas T1 - Development of a Genus-Specific Antigen Capture ELISA for Orthopoxviruses – Target Selection and Optimized Screening JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Orthopoxvirus species like cowpox, vaccinia and monkeypox virus cause zoonotic infections in humans worldwide. Infections often occur in rural areas lacking proper diagnostic infrastructure as exemplified by monkeypox, which is endemic in Western and Central Africa. While PCR detection requires demanding equipment and is restricted to genome detection, the evidence of virus particles can complement or replace PCR. Therefore, an easily distributable and manageable antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of orthopoxviruses was developed to facilitate particle detection. By comparing the virus particle binding properties of polyclonal antibodies developed against surface-exposed attachment or fusion proteins, the surface protein A27 was found to be a well-bound, highly immunogenic and exposed target for antibodies aiming at virus particle detection. Subsequently, eight monoclonal anti-A27 antibodies were generated and characterized by peptide epitope mapping and surface plasmon resonance measurements. All antibodies were found to bind with high affinity to two epitopes at the heparin binding site of A27, toward either the N- or C-terminal of the crucial KKEP-segment of A27. Two antibodies recognizing different epitopes were implemented in an antigen capture ELISA. Validation showed robust detection of virus particles from 11 different orthopoxvirus isolates pathogenic to humans, with the exception of MVA, which is apathogenic to humans. Most orthopoxviruses could be detected reliably for viral loads above 1 × 103 PFU/mL. To our knowledge, this is the first solely monoclonal and therefore reproducible antibody-based antigen capture ELISA able to detect all human pathogenic orthopoxviruses including monkeypox virus, except variola virus which was not included. Therefore, the newly developed antibody-based assay represents important progress towards feasible particle detection of this important genus of viruses. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-5830 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 11 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kober, Liane A1 - Meyer-Alert, Henriette A1 - Grienitz, Desirée A1 - Hollert, Henner A1 - Frohme, Marcus T1 - Intact cell mass spectrometry as a rapid and specific tool for the differentiation of toxic effects in cell-based ecotoxicological test systems JF - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry N2 - In the last few decades, MALDI-TOF MS has become a useful technique not only in proteomics, but also as a fast and specific tool for whole cell analysis through intact cell mass spectrometry (IC-MS). The present study evaluated IC-MS as a novel tool for the detection of distinct patterns that can be observed after exposure to a certain toxin or concentration by utilizing the eukaryotic fish cell line RTL-W1. Two different viability assays were performed to define the range for IC-MS investigations, each of which employing copper sulfate, acridine, and β-naphthoflavone (BNF) as model compounds for several classes of environmental toxins. The IC-MS of RTL-W1 cells revealed not only specific spectral patterns for the various toxins, but also that the concentration used had an effect on RTL-W1 profiles. After the exposure with copper sulfate and acridine, the spectra of RTL-W1 showed a significant increase of certain peaks in the higher mass range (m/z >7000), which is probably attributed to the apoptosis of RTL-W1. On the contrary, exposure to BNF showed a distinct change of ion abundances only in the lower mass range (m/z <7000). Furthermore, a set of mass peaks could be identified as a specific biomarker for a single toxin treatment, so IC-MS demonstrates a new method for the distinction of toxic effects in fish cells. Due to fast sample preparation and high throughput, IC-MS offers great potential for ecotoxicological studies to investigate cellular effects of different substances and complex environmental samples. KW - RTL-W1 KW - intact cell mass spectrometry KW - MALDI KW - acridine KW - β-Naphthoflavone KW - copper sulfate Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-5900 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 407 IS - 25 SP - 7721 EP - 7731 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulze, Katja A1 - Lang, Imke A1 - Enke, Heike A1 - Grohme, Diana A1 - Frohme, Marcus T1 - The use of fluorescence microscopy and image analysis for rapid detection of non-producing revertant cells of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 JF - BMC Research Notes N2 - Ethanol production via genetically engineered cyanobacteria is a promising solution for the production of biofuels. Through the introduction of a pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase direct ethanol production becomes possible within the cells. However, during cultivation genetic instability can lead to mutations and thus loss of ethanol production. Cells then revert back to the wild type phenotype. A method for a rapid and simple detection of these non-producing revertant cells in an ethanol producing cell population is an important quality control measure in order to predict genetic stability and the longevity of a producing culture. Several comparable cultivation experiments revealed a difference in the pigmentation for non-producing and producing cells: the accessory pigment phycocyanin (PC) is reduced in case of the ethanol producer, resulting in a yellowish appearance of the culture. Microarray and western blot studies of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 confirmed this PC reduction on the level of RNA and protein. KW - PCC6803 KW - PCC7002 KW - genetic instability KW - ethanol producer KW - 3D fluorescence scan KW - phycocyanin KW - absorption spectra KW - fluorescence microscopy KW - image analysis Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-5911 SN - 1756-0500 VL - 8 IS - 160 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bilous, Nataliya A1 - Malko, Vladyslav A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Nechyporenko, Alina T1 - Comparison of CNN-Based Architectures for Detection of Different Object Classes JF - AI N2 - (1) Background: Detecting people and technical objects in various situations, such as natural disasters and warfare, is critical to search and rescue operations and the safety of civilians. A fast and accurate detection of people and equipment can significantly increase the effectiveness of search and rescue missions and provide timely assistance to people. Computer vision and deep learning technologies play a key role in detecting the required objects due to their ability to analyze big volumes of visual data in real-time. (2) Methods: The performance of the neural networks such as You Only Look Once (YOLO) v4-v8, Faster R-CNN, Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD), and EfficientDet has been analyzed using COCO2017, SARD, SeaDronesSee, and VisDrone2019 datasets. The main metrics for comparison were mAP, Precision, Recall, F1-Score, and the ability of the neural network to work in real-time. (3) Results: The most important metrics for evaluating the efficiency and performance of models for a given task are accuracy (mAP), F1-Score, and processing speed (FPS). These metrics allow us to evaluate both the accuracy of object recognition and the ability to use the models in real-world environments where high processing speed is important. (4) Conclusion: Although different neural networks perform better on certain types of metrics, YOLO outperforms them on all metrics, showing the best results of mAP-0.88, F1-0.88, and FPS-48, so the focus was on these models. KW - EfficientDet KW - SSD KW - YOLO KW - deep learning KW - neural network KW - object detection Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19634 VL - 5 IS - 4 SP - 2300 EP - 2320 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Shuang A1 - Yue, Zhao A1 - Zhu, Dingcheng A1 - Harberts, Jann A1 - Blick, Robert H. A1 - Zierold, Robert A1 - Lisdat, Fred A1 - Parak, Wolfgang J. T1 - Quantum Dot/TiO2 Nanocomposite-Based Photoelectrochemical Sensor for Enhanced H2O2 Detection Applied for Cell Monitoring and Visualization JF - Small N2 - This work exploits the possibility of using CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD)-electrodes to monitor the metabolism of living cells based on photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurements. To realize that, the PEC setup is improved with respect to an enhanced photocurrent signal, better stability, and an increased signal-to-noise ratio, but also for a better biocompatibility of the sensor surface on which cells have been grown. To achieve this, a QD-TiO2 heterojunction is introduced with the help of atomic layer deposition (ALD). The heterojunction reduces the charge carrier recombination inside the semiconductor nanoparticles and improves the drift behavior. The PEC performance is carefully analyzed by adjusting the TiO2 thickness and combining this strategy with multilayer immobilizations of QDs. The optimal thickness of this coating is ≈5 nm; here, photocurrent generation can be enhanced significantly (e.g., for a single QD layer electrode by more than one order of magnitude at 0 V vs Ag/AgCl). The resulting optimized electrode is used for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensing with a good sensitivity down to µmolar concentrations, reusability, stability, response rate, and repeatability. Finally, the sensing system is applied to monitor the activity of cells directly grown on top of the electrode surface. KW - biocompatible interface with atomic layer deposition KW - biosensor KW - detection of cellular metabolism KW - light addressable potentiometric sensor KW - photocurrent measurements Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19642 VL - 20 IS - 45 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schüte, Nicolas A1 - Bürklen, Anna T1 - A cross-case comparison of the use of shared mobility services in Germany JF - Transportation Research Procedia N2 - E-scooter and e-bike shared mobility systems are now available in many cities worldwide as a low-threshold mobility offering for a broad mass. In Germany, e-scooter shared mobility systems have been established for the first time in 2019 in large cities, primarily in inner-city areas. In the meantime, various shared mobility service providers have expanded to small towns and the outskirts of large cities with different supply strategies. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the different aspects, such as pricing models and parking regulations that affect the usage of such services in the outskirts. For this purpose, the provided data of an e-scooter and e-bike shared mobility service provider has been analyzed. The results show that shared mobility service provider can profit from extending their supply strategies to outskirts due to similar user behaviour compared to inner-city areas. Compared to other outskirts with a lower price, a higher price does not necessarily result in lower demand. Thus, the demand on the outskirts is not necessarily price-driven but rather depends on local factors. In addition, there was a strong tendency to use e-scooters compared to e-bikes. In all case studies, an almost identical relationship between residents and users could be determined. KW - e-scooter KW - e-bike KW - shared mobility system KW - shared mobility service provider KW - pricing model Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19865 SN - 2352-1465 N1 - Konferenz: World Conference on Transport Research - WCTR 2023 VL - 82 SP - 3215 EP - 3236 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Przymus, Piotr A1 - Rykaczewski, Krzysztof A1 - Martín-Segura, Adrián A1 - Truu, Jaak A1 - De Santa Pau, Enrique Carrillo A1 - Kolev, Mikhail A1 - Naskinova, Irina A1 - Gruca, Aleksandra A1 - Sampri, Alexia A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Nechyporenko, Alina T1 - Deep Learning in Microbiome Analysis: A Comprehensive Review of Neural Network Models JF - Frontiers in Microbiology N2 - Microbiome research, the study of microbial communities in diverse environments, has seen significant advances due to the integration of deep learning (DL) methods. These computational techniques have become essential for addressing the inherent complexity and high-dimensionality of microbiome data, which consist of different types of omics datasets. Deep learning algorithms have shown remarkable capabilities in pattern recognition, feature extraction, and predictive modeling, enabling researchers to uncover hidden relationships within microbial ecosystems. By automating the detection of functional genes, microbial interactions, and host-microbiome dynamics, DL methods offer unprecedented precision in understanding microbiome composition and its impact on health, disease, and the environment. However, despite their potential, deep learning approaches face significant challenges in microbiome research. Additionally, the biological variability in microbiome datasets requires tailored approaches to ensure robust and generalizable outcomes. As microbiome research continues to generate vast and complex datasets, addressing these challenges will be crucial for advancing microbiological insights and translating them into practical applications with DL. This review provides an overview of different deep learning models in microbiome research, discussing their strengths, practical uses, and implications for future studies. We examine how these models are being applied to solve key problems and highlight potential pathways to overcome current limitations, emphasizing the transformative impact DL could have on the field moving forward. KW - clasiffication KW - clustering KW - deep learning KW - natural language processing KW - microbiome Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19889 SN - 1664-302X VL - 15 PB - Frontiers ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köthe, Alexander A1 - Guske, Oliver A1 - Martinen, Ivan A1 - Hopf, Janik A1 - Worrmann, Paul T1 - Development and Validation of an Automatic Waypoint Navigation Control System for Watercrafts JF - IFAC-PapersOnLine N2 - This paper presents the development and testing of an automatic control system for waypoint navigation in a solar boat, initially designed for manual operation. It covers the boat's modifications for automation, system identification through step response experiments, and control strategy implementation. The system includes a Base Controller for yaw rate and speed as well as a subsequent Waypoint Path Controller for navigation. Utilizing a nominal dynamic model of the boat, the Base Controller's design emphasizes robustness against parameter uncertainties, while the Waypoint Path Controller follows a conventional approach. The effectiveness of the system is validated with real driving tests. KW - control design KW - identification KW - marine system KW - mechatronic system KW - modeling Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19673 VL - 58 IS - 25 SP - 174 EP - 179 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lemieszewski, Łukasz A1 - Hannebauer, Dina A1 - Remiszewski, Grzegorz T1 - Vulnerability of Wi-Fi wireless network to signal interference JF - Journal of Engineering 360 (JoE 360) N2 - Wi-Fi networks are often susceptible to signal interference that can disrupt services, intercept sensitive data, and allow unauthorized access. Exploiting this vulnerability, attackers can launch Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI) attacks or protocol-based attacks. IEMI attacks include, but are not limited to, jamming, which involves the introduction of interference signals in the frequency band used by a given Wi-Fi network, thus disrupting its proper operation. The article presents research on different types of IEMI attacks, aimed at illustrating this type of threat to video transmission from Wi-Fi cameras and discusses methods of protection against this type of attack. The paper examines the methods of jamming the wireless network band, which are used on the distribution methods and the Sweeping Jammer methods that cyclically disrupt all available devices. Based on experiments, it has been confirmed that SOHO devices are highly susceptible to this type of simple attacks and implementing a method to minimize the effects of jamming yields poor results. The simplicity of this type of attack and the high availability of software and hardware tools on the market make the threat highly popular and still dangerous. KW - jamming KW - software-defined radio (SDR) KW - wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19742 SN - 3071-7507 VL - 1 IS - 1/24 SP - 58 EP - 65 PB - The Jacob of Paradies University ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lindner, Niels A1 - Liebchen, Christian T1 - New Perspectives on PESP: T-Partitions and Separators T2 - 19th Workshop on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS 2019) N2 - In the planning process of public transportation companies, designing the timetable is among the core planning steps. In particular in the case of periodic (or cyclic) services, the Periodic Event Scheduling Problem (PESP) is well-established to compute high-quality periodic timetables. We are considering algorithms for computing good solutions and dual bounds for the very basic PESP with no additional extra features as add-ons. The first of these algorithms generalizes several primal heuristics that have been proposed, such as single-node cuts and the modulo network simplex algorithm. We consider partitions of the graph, and identify so-called delay cuts as a structure that allows to generalize several previous heuristics. In particular, when no more improving delay cut can be found, we already know that the other heuristics could not improve either. This heuristic already had been proven to be useful in computational experiments [Ralf Borndörfer et al., 2019], and we locate it in the more general concept of what we denote T-partitions. With the second of these algorithms we propose to turn a strategy, that has been discussed in the past, upside-down: Instead of gluing together the network line-by-line in a bottom-up way, we develop a divide-and-conquer-like top-down approach to separate the initial problem into two easier subproblems such that the information loss along their cutset edges is as small as possible. We are aware that there may be PESP instances that do not fit well the separator setting. Yet, on the RxLy-instances of PESPlib in our experimental computations, we come up with good primal solutions and dual bounds. In particular, on the largest instance (R4L4), this new separator approach, which applies a state-of-the-art solver as subroutine, is able to come up with better dual bounds than purely applying this state-of-the-art solver in the very same time. KW - periodic event scheduling problem KW - periodic timetabling KW - graph partitioning KW - graph separators KW - balanced cuts Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-20074 SP - 2:1 EP - 2:18 PB - Schloss Dagstuhl, Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik CY - Dagstuhl ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Steglich, Patrick A1 - Villringer, Claus A1 - Dümecke, Silvio A1 - Padilla-Michel, Yazmin A1 - Casalboni, Mauro A1 - Schrader, Sigurd T1 - Silicon-On-Insulator Slot-Waveguide Design Trade-Offs T2 - Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology : vol. 2 N2 - Silicon-on-insulator slot-waveguide structures are designed and analysed numerically. We present our theoretical investigation of field confinement factors and effective nonlinear areas for different waveguide structures in order to find optimized geometrical dimensions. It is shown that a slot-waveguide with a height of 220 nm, a slot width of 180 nm and a silicon rail width of 180 nm provides a five times higher field confinement in the cladding region compared to conventional strip-waveguides which explains the high sensitivity of slotwaveguide based label-free bio-sensors. KW - slot waveguide KW - silicon-organic hybrid technology KW - optical field confinement KW - effective nonlinear area Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-20104 SP - 47 EP - 52 PB - SciTePress CY - Setúbal ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Malisa, Viktorio A1 - Reiff-Stephan, Jörg ED - Reiff-Stephan, Jörg ED - Jäkel, Jens ED - Reichelt, Dirk T1 - Auswirkung der neuen gesetzlichen und normativen Regelungen auf Industrieroboter-Systeme T2 - Tagungsband AALE 2025 : menschenzentrierte Automation im digitalen Zeitalter N2 - EU-Verordnungen und ISO-Normen verändern die Nutzung von Industrieroboter und beeinflussen deren Integration in effiziente Produktionssysteme. Die rasante Entwicklung der Digitalisierung und die Notwendigkeit einer umfassenden Vernetzung haben Auswirkungen auf die Sicherheit von Maschinen, die Gestaltung von Arbeitsplätzen und die Anforderungen an die Ausbildung der Beschäftigten. Mit einer Reihe von Gesetzen und Richtlinien schafft die EU einen Ordnungsrahmen für die aktuellen Technologien und versucht, die Rahmenbedingungen für weitere Entwicklungen festzulegen. Gleichzeitig ist die Industrie gefordert, zusätzliche Kompetenzen in bestimmten Bereichen der Digitalisierung aufzubauen. Einige Herausforderungen sind jedoch noch zu bewältigen, z. B. wie der Sicherheitsnachweis für in Maschinen integrierte Künstliche Intelligenz für autonome mobile Roboter erbracht werden kann, wie die Zertifizierung von Software als Sicherheitselement und dessen Integration in die Automatisierungssysteme und wie die Behandlung von Industrierobotern als vollständige und nicht mehr als unvollständige Maschinen erfolgen wird. KW - EU-Maschinenverordnung KW - Industrieroboter KW - Normung KW - Kollaborierende Anwendung Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-20130 SP - 49 EP - 59 PB - Hochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur CY - Leipzig ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Padilla-Michel, Yazmin A1 - Lucci, Massimiliano A1 - Casalboni, Mauro A1 - Steglich, Patrick A1 - Schrader, Sigurd ED - Ribeiro, Paulo A. T1 - Mechanical Characterisation of the Four Most Used Coating Materials for Optical Fibres T2 - Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology : vol. 1 N2 - Optical multimode fibres have a wide variety of applications ranging from industrial to medical use. Therefore, even if they are just used as waveguides or sensors, it is important to characterise the whole fingerprint, including the optical and mechanical properties of such fibres. Since the stiffness/elasticity of a material could influence the optical output of a fibre due to micro-bendings, in this paper we report the calculated Young’s Modulus of acrylate, fluorinated acrylate, polyimide and silicone, which are the four most used coating materials for such optical components. The results demonstrate that Young’s Modulus does have an impact on the attenuation of propagating light along the optical fibre. However, the refractive index of the coating materials still has a significant impact on the performance of optical fibres. KW - fibre optics KW - coating material KW - Young’s Modulus KW - nanoindentation KW - attenuation Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-20063 SP - 96 EP - 102 PB - SciTePress CY - Setúbal ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knothe, Thomas A1 - Gering, Patrick A1 - Glodde, Ilona A1 - Ahle, Ulrich A1 - Böttger, Jonas A1 - Döberitz, Niklas ED - Zelm, Martin ED - Boza, Andrés ED - León, Ramona-Diana ED - Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Raul T1 - Model based Configuration of Platforms for Managing Cross- Organizational (Business) Processes T2 - Interoperability for Enterprise Systems and Applications I-ESA workshops 2022 N2 - In this contribution interoperability is considered from the perspective of platforms, which have to manage cross-organisational business processes. A model-based approach for configuring a cloud platform for managing complex processes and their dependencies across different organisations is provided. The approach is applied on using FIWARE, which provides a framework of open source software platform components. The core concept is to extend the open source core data model of FIWARE by using the artefacts of an Enterprise model, describing the dependencies of processes, roles, object data and application interfaces. Based on a given use case the principal configuration was applied and validated. KW - cloud platform KW - model based configuration KW - cross-organisational business process Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-18993 UR - https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3214/WS2Paper2.pdf SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - RWTH Aachen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tillich, Ulrich M. A1 - Wolter, Nick A1 - Schulze, Katja A1 - Kramer, Dan A1 - Brödel, Oliver A1 - Frohme, Marcus T1 - High-throughput cultivation and screening platform for unicellular phototrophs JF - BMC Microbiology N2 - In this work we describe and test high-throughput methods with the model organism Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. The required technical automation for these processes was achieved with a Tecan Freedom Evo 200 pipetting robot. The cultivation was performed in 2.2 ml deepwell microtiter plates within a cultivation chamber outfitted with programmable shaking conditions, variable illumination, variable temperature, and an adjustable CO2 atmosphere. Each microtiter-well within the chamber functions as a separate cultivation vessel with reproducible conditions. The automated measurement of various parameters such as growth, full absorption spectrum, chlorophyll concentration, MALDI-TOF-MS, as well as a novel vitality measurement protocol, have already been established and can be monitored during cultivation. Measurement of growth parameters can be used as inputs for the system to allow for periodic automatic dilutions and therefore a semi-continuous cultivation of hundreds of cultures in parallel. The system also allows the automatic generation of mid and long term backups of cultures to repeat experiments or to retrieve strains of interest. KW - cyanobacteria KW - synechocystis KW - HTS KW - high throughput KW - automated cultivation Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6007 SN - 1471-2180 VL - 14 IS - 239 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herzog, Thomas H. A1 - Jänchen, Jochen T1 - Adsorption Properties of Modified Zeolites for Operating Range Enhancement of Adsorption Heat Pumps through the Use of Organic Adsorptive Agents JF - Energy Procedia N2 - Faujasite zeolites with the highest possible Al-content and different cations as well as a dealuminated zeolite Y have been chosen to study the impact on the adsorption behavior in view of differed adsorptive agents for heat pumps or thermochemical storages. Our results show advantages and disadvantages for water, methanol or ethanol adsorption due to the structure of the anion skeleton, kind of cations and size of the adsorbat molecule. KW - heat pump KW - water adsorption KW - zeolite KW - ethanol KW - methanol Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6614 SN - 1876-6102 VL - 91 SP - 155 EP - 160 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Michalk, Philip T1 - Optimizing sales areas of combined transport chains JF - LogForum N2 - Background: Combined transport chains (such as intermodal transport), have certain advantages. The main advantage from customer points of view is the possibility to bundle freight and thereby decrease transport costs. On the other hand, a combined transport chain can cause longer transport times, due to the necessary transshipment processes. Methods: The area around a terminal, in which a combined service has favourable properties to a customer in comparison to a direct transport, can be understood as a sales-area, in which a combined transport product is marketable. The aim of this paper was to find a method to determine the best shape and size of this area. Results and conclusions: The paper at hand lined out a method in order to calculate such a sales area and determine which geographical points around a terminal have an advantage in comparison to a direct transport service. KW - sales area KW - intermodal transport KW - marketing Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6252 SN - 1734-459X VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 247 EP - 253 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Enders, Peter T1 - Historical Prospective: Boltzmann’s versus Planck’s State Counting—Why Boltzmann Did Not Arrive at Planck’s Distribution Law JF - Journal of Thermodynamics N2 - Why does Planck (1900), referring to Boltzmann’s 1877 probabilistic treatment, obtain his quantum distribution function while Boltzmann did not? To answer this question, both treatments are compared on the basis of Boltzmann’s 1868 three-level scheme (configuration—occupation—occupancy). Some calculations by Planck (1900, 1901, and 1913) and Einstein (1907) are also sketched. For obtaining a quantum distribution, it is crucial to stick with a discrete energy spectrum and to make the limit transitions to infinity at the right place. For correct state counting, the concept of interchangeability of particles is superior to that of indistinguishability. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6281 SN - 1687-9252 VL - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Belinsky, Martin G. A1 - Rink, Lori A1 - Cai, Kathy Q. A1 - Capuzzi, Stephen J. A1 - Hoang, Yen A1 - Chien, Jeremy A1 - Godwin, Andrew K. A1 - von Mehren, Margaret T1 - Somatic loss of function mutations in neurofibromin 1 and MYC associated factor X genes identified by exome-wide sequencing in a wild-type GIST case JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Approximately 10–15 % of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) lack gain of function mutations in the KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) genes. An alternate mechanism of oncogenesis through loss of function of the succinate-dehydrogenase (SDH) enzyme complex has been identified for a subset of these “wild type” GISTs. KW - gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) KW - wild type KW - KIT KW - PDGFRA KW - succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) KW - NF1 KW - MAX Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6292 SN - 1471-2407 VL - 15 IS - 887 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Munchel, Sarah A1 - Hoang, Yen A1 - Yue, Zhao A1 - Cottrell, Joseph A1 - Klotzle, Brandy A1 - Godwin, Andrew K. A1 - Koestler, Devin A1 - Beyerlein, Peter A1 - Fan, Jian-Bing A1 - Bibikova, Marina A1 - Chien, Jeremy T1 - Targeted or whole genome sequencing of formalin fixed tissue samples: potential applications in cancer genomics JF - Oncotarget N2 - Current genomic studies are limited by the poor availability of fresh-frozen tissue samples. Although formalin-fixed diagnostic samples are in abundance, they are seldom used in current genomic studies because of the concern of formalin-fixation artifacts. Better characterization of these artifacts will allow the use of archived clinical specimens in translational and clinical research studies. To provide a systematic analysis of formalin-fixation artifacts on Illumina sequencing, we generated 26 DNA sequencing data sets from 13 pairs of matched formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and fresh-frozen (FF) tissue samples. The results indicate high rate of concordant calls between matched FF/FFPE pairs at reference and variant positions in three commonly used sequencing approaches (whole genome, whole exome, and targeted exon sequencing). Global mismatch rates and C·G > T·A substitutions were comparable between matched FF/FFPE samples, and discordant rates were low (<0.26%) in all samples. Finally, low-pass whole genome sequencing produces similar pattern of copy number alterations between FF/FFPE pairs. The results from our studies suggest the potential use of diagnostic FFPE samples for cancer genomic studies to characterize and catalog variations in cancer genomes. KW - cancer genomics KW - FFPE DNA KW - whole exome sequencing KW - whole genome sequencing KW - copy number alteration Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6307 SN - 1949-2553 VL - 6 IS - 28 SP - 25943 EP - 25961 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Graw, Stefan A1 - Meier, Richard A1 - Minn, Kay A1 - Bloomer, Clark A1 - Godwin, Andrew K. A1 - Fridley, Brooke A1 - Vlad, Anda A1 - Beyerlein, Peter A1 - Chien, Jeremy T1 - Robust gene expression and mutation analyses of RNA-sequencing of formalin-fixed diagnostic tumor samples JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Current genomic studies are limited by the availability of fresh tissue samples. Here, we show that Illumina RNA sequencing of formalin-fixed diagnostic tumor samples produces gene expression that is strongly correlated with matched frozen tumor samples (r > 0.89). In addition, sequence variations identified from FFPE RNA show 99.67% concordance with that from exome sequencing of matched frozen tumor samples. Because FFPE is a routine diagnostic sample preparation, the feasibility results reported here will facilitate the setup of large-scale research and clinical studies in medical genomics that are currently limited by the availability of fresh frozen samples. Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6319 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kipkorir, R. A1 - Muhoho, S. A1 - Muliro, P. A1 - Mugendi, Beatrice A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Brödel, Oliver T1 - Effects of Coffee Processing Technologies on Aroma Profiles and Sensory Quality of Ruiru 11 and SL 28 Kenyan Coffee Varieties JF - Asian Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences N2 - The study aimed at comparing the effects of three coffee processing methods on aroma profiles and sensory quality of Ruiru 11 and SL 28 coffee varieties. The processing methods varied on stages of processing and method of mucilage removal. The green coffee beans obtained from the three processing methods were graded and roasted, ground and analyzed for the aroma profiles and sensory quality. Headspace Solid phase Microextraction fibre (SPME) technique were used for the extraction of aroma compounds from coffee samples and characterization of the compounds with use of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sensory quality were analyzed by an expert panelist. Various volatile aroma compounds were identified in roasted coffee and classified into their chemical classes involving furans, ketones, pyrazines ketones pyridines, pyrroles and acids. The intensity of aroma compounds were compared in terms of their peak areas and variations were noted between the processing methods with the ecopulper showing higher levels of pyrazines such as 2-methylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, and wet pulper showing higher levels of furans such as furfuryl formate and furfuryl alcohol, acetate. The hand pulper was high in the level of acids and esters such as acetic acid and propanoic acid, ethyl ester. Similar aroma compounds were identified in headspace of Ruiru 11 and SL 28 and there were variations in the intensities of aroma groups such as pyrroles and pyridines. It was concluded that the eco-pulper and hand pulper methods gives better aroma quality than the wet pulper while SL 28 variety gives higher sensory quality than Ruiru 11. KW - coffee KW - processing KW - aroma KW - sensory quality Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6482 UR - https://ajouronline.com/index.php/AJAFS/article/view/2551 SN - 2321-1571 VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 178 EP - 188 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haider, Christian A1 - Aschauer, Gerald J. A1 - Schmidt, Conrad T1 - IT Based Attempt to Evaluate and Promote Intermodal Transport Solutions in Central and Southeast Europe JF - Transportation Research Procedia N2 - The transport sector is one of the main emitters of greenhouse gas emissions. The awareness about this is increasing because of heightened environmental sensitivity among customers, politicians and the media. Studies dealing with sustainability in logistics have been inducted to show that companies around the world are keen to promote “green solutions” through the management of logistics. From now, it is difficult to gauge how far these efforts reflect true desire to help the environment as opposed to enhance public relations. The paper addresses an IT based attempt to evaluate and promote intermodal transport procedures in the corridor of Central and Southeast Europe. Through the assessment of the relative importance of intermodal transport nodes the described tool is a useful instrument to demonstrate the most important advantages for environmental friendly transport solutions. In combination with accessibility as well as network scenario attempts stakeholders have full information available when preparing several transport plans due to transparent strengths of rail and inland waterway transports. KW - sustainability KW - web-based routing tool KW - intermodal transport KW - knowledge sharing Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6535 SN - 2352-1465 VL - 3 SP - 641 EP - 650 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaltdorf, Kristin Verena A1 - Schulze, Katja A1 - Helmprobst, Frederik A1 - Kollmannsberger, Philip A1 - Dandekar, Thomas A1 - Stigloher, Christian T1 - FIJI Macro 3D ART VeSElecT: 3D Automated Reconstruction Tool for Vesicle Structures of Electron Tomograms JF - PLoS Computational Biology N2 - Automatic image reconstruction is critical to cope with steadily increasing data from advanced microscopy. We describe here the Fiji macro 3D ART VeSElecT which we developed to study synaptic vesicles in electron tomograms. We apply this tool to quantify vesicle properties (i) in embryonic Danio rerio 4 and 8 days past fertilization (dpf) and (ii) to compare Caenorhabditis elegans N2 neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) wild-type and its septin mutant (unc-59(e261)). We demonstrate development-specific and mutant-specific changes in synaptic vesicle pools in both models. We confirm the functionality of our macro by applying our 3D ART VeSElecT on zebrafish NMJ showing smaller vesicles in 8 dpf embryos then 4 dpf, which was validated by manual reconstruction of the vesicle pool. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of C. elegans septin mutant unc-59(e261) on vesicle pool formation and vesicle size. Automated vesicle registration and characterization was implemented in Fiji as two macros (registration and measurement). This flexible arrangement allows in particular reducing false positives by an optional manual revision step. Preprocessing and contrast enhancement work on image-stacks of 1nm/pixel in x and y direction. Semi-automated cell selection was integrated. 3D ART VeSElecT removes interfering components, detects vesicles by 3D segmentation and calculates vesicle volume and diameter (spherical approximation, inner/outer diameter). Results are collected in color using the RoiManager plugin including the possibility of manual removal of non-matching confounder vesicles. Detailed evaluation considered performance (detected vesicles) and specificity (true vesicles) as well as precision and recall. We furthermore show gain in segmentation and morphological filtering compared to learning based methods and a large time gain compared to manual segmentation. 3D ART VeSElecT shows small error rates and its speed gain can be up to 68 times faster in comparison to manual annotation. Both automatic and semi-automatic modes are explained including a tutorial. Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-9218 SN - 1553-7358 VL - 13 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Praia, Ana Beatriz A1 - Herkenhoff, Marcos Edgar A1 - Brödel, Oliver A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Saad, Susana Marta Isay T1 - Sour Beer with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei F19: Feasibility and Influence of Supplementation with Spondias mombin L. Juice and/or By-Product JF - Foods N2 - This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic strain Lacticaseibacillus (L.) paracasei subsp. paracasei F19 (F19) with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae US-05 (US-05), using Spondias mombin L. (‘taperebá’ or ‘cajá’) juice and by-product, in four sour-type beer formulations: control, with bagasse, juice, and juice and bagasse. The viability of F19 was evaluated by pour-plating and PMA-qPCR. Fermentability, in addition to physicochemical and sensory parameters, and aroma and flavor, were evaluated during brewery by using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). F19 was successful in fermenting bagasse in a MRS medium (9.28 log CFU/mL in 24 h) but had a low viability in hopped wort, growing better in formulations without bagasse or juice. No difference between formulations was observed regarding sensory acceptability, and the HS-SPME/GC-MS revealed different flavors and aroma compounds. In conclusion, the production of a potential probiotic sour beer with F19 and US-05 is feasible regarding probiotic viability. However, S. mombin, as juice or bagasse, threatened probiotic survival. Different flavors and aroma compounds were detected, whereas no difference between formulations was found regarding sensory acceptability. The moderate alcohol content achieved is important for bacterial survival and for the development of a probiotic beer with health claims. KW - sour beer KW - probiotics KW - co-fermentation KW - fruit by-product Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16852 SN - 2304-8158 VL - 11 IS - 24 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radivoievych, Aleksandar A1 - Kolp, Benjamin A1 - Grebinyk, Sergii A1 - Prylutska, Svitlana A1 - Ritter, Uwe A1 - Zolk, Oliver A1 - Glökler, Jörn A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Grebinyk, Anna T1 - Silent Death by Sound: C60 Fullerene Sonodynamic Treatment of Cancer Cells JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - The acoustic pressure waves of ultrasound (US) not only penetrate biological tissues deeper than light, but they also generate light emission, termed sonoluminescence. This promoted the idea of its use as an alternative energy source for photosensitizer excitation. Pristine C60 fullerene (C60), an excellent photosensitizer, was explored in the frame of cancer sonodynamic therapy (SDT). For that purpose, we analyzed C60 effects on human cervix carcinoma HeLa cells in combination with a low-intensity US treatment. The time-dependent accumulation of C60 in HeLa cells reached its maximum at 24 h (800 ± 66 ng/106 cells). Half of extranuclear C60 is localized within mitochondria. The efficiency of the C60 nanostructure’s sonoexcitation with 1 MHz US was tested with cell-based assays. A significant proapoptotic sonotoxic effect of C60 was found for HeLa cells. C60′s ability to induce apoptosis of carcinoma cells after sonoexcitation with US provides a promising novel approach for cancer treatment. KW - ultrasound KW - C60 fullerene KW - sonodynamic therapy KW - HeLa cells KW - apoptosis Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16877 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 24 IS - 2 PB - MDPI ER - TY - INPR A1 - Liebchen, Christian T1 - Maximizing Bidirectional Green Waves for Major Road Axes N2 - Both, from an environmental perspective and with respect to road traffic flow quality, planning so-called green waves along major road axes is a well-established target for traffic engineers. For one-way road axes (e.g. the Avenues in Manhattan), this is a trivial downstream task. For bidirectional arterials, the well-known necessary condition for establishing a green wave in both direction is that the driving times between two subsequent crossings must be an integer multiple of half of the cycle time of the signal programs at the nodes. In this paper, we propose an integer linear optimization model to establish fixed-time green waves in both directions that are as long and as wide as possible, even in the situation where the driving time condition is not fulfilled. In particular, we are considering an arterial along whose nodes separate left-turn signal groups are realized. In our computational results, we provide examples which illustrate that allowing for selecting among different strategies for the left-turn phases is beneficial. Moreover, we show that there is always a solution with green waves in both directions that are as long and as wide as possible, where absolute priority is put on just one direction. Only when considering prioritized parts of a green band (e.g. some first few seconds), then an ideal green wave into one direction can provide suboptimal quality compared to optimizing both directions together. KW - traffic light coordination KW - synchronization KW - phase sequencing KW - green wave KW - integer programming Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15449 SP - 1 EP - 20 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Villringer, Claus A1 - Steglich, Patrick A1 - Pulwer, Silvio A1 - Schrader, Sigurd A1 - Laufer, Jan T1 - Electro-optical properties of doped polymers with high transparency in the visible wavelength range JF - Optical Materials Express N2 - The electro-optical (EO) properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) and the photopolymer poly(vinyl cinnamate) doped with varying concentrations of the EO chromophore 2-Methyl-4-nitroaniline were measured. The EO polymers were embedded in Fabry-Pérot etalons for the simultaneous determination of the Pockels and Kerr coefficients from measurements of the fringe shift induced by an external electric field. It was found that the host polymer has a significant impact on the EO performance and that the undoped host polymers exhibit a significant Pockels effect. Moreover, the Kerr effect provides a substantial contribution of 27% to the total change of the refractive index at relatively high electric field strengths of E = 91.2 MV m−1. KW - Bragg reflector KW - fiber optic coupler KW - refractive index KW - spatial light modulator KW - transparency KW - tunable filter Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15480 VL - 11 IS - 11 SP - 3801 EP - 3811 PB - Optica Publishing Group ER - TY - THES A1 - Arndt, Wulf-Holger T1 - Optimierungspotenziale im Wirtschaftsverkehr durch bestellerseitige Kooperation N2 - Es wird ein neuer Ansatz zur Verkehrs- und Kostenreduzierung im Wirtschaftsverkehr (genauer Lieferverkehr) untersucht. Die virtuelle Zusammenfassung von Bestellungen z.B. über eine Internet-/Intranetplattform - eine Empfänger/Bestellerkooperation kann möglicherweise zur Bündelung der Lieferverkehre führen. Aufgrund von neuen Produktionsmethoden und Managementstrategien zur Stärkung der Eigenverantwortlichkeit von Unternehmensbereichen und Abteilungen laufen Bestellprozesse oft separat und unkoordiniert ab. Eine Folge ist die Zersplitterung der Bestellungen und die geringe Auslastung von Lieferverkehren. Neben dieser Dezentralisierung führt „Outsourcen“ dazu, dass Bestellungen immer kleinteiliger und weniger zusammengefasst werden. Um trotzdem Kosten zu sparen versuchen Lieferanten Bündelungen durchzuführen. Dies geschieht bei Spedition am ehesten unternehmensintern aber auch in Netzwerken oder bei der City-Logistik auch überbetrieblich als Versenderkooperation. Dies ist aber nur die eine Seite des Beschaffungsprozesses. Außerdem ist der Versenderkooperation durch Konkurrenzsituationen Grenzen gesetzt. Auf der anderen Seite ist eine Bündelung (der Bestellungen) ebenfalls denkbar, wenn sich daraus Vorteile für die Besteller ergeben, z.B. Preisreduktionen aufgrund größerer Bestellmengen. Das wäre eine Besteller- bzw. Empfängerkooperation. Die Besteller/Empfänger schließen sich zusammen und nehmen durch die Bestellungsbündelung den Versendern und Transporteuren quasi die Abstimmungs-Probleme einer Kooperation untereinander teilweise ab. Werden Lieferprozesse mit in die Kooperation integriert, handelt es sich um eine Beschaffungs-kooperation. Früher war eine solche Bündelung auf Bestellerseite durch große bestellende Einheiten (Werksgröße, Zentralisierung, hohe Produktionstiefe,...) per se gegeben. Diese Produktions-methoden sind nicht einfach wieder herstellbar. Eine virtuelle Bündelung z.B. mittels E Procurement (u.a. Internet-Bestellplattform) wäre heute zeitgemäß. Diese realisiert quasi eine virtuelle Zentralbestellung innerbetrieblich für dezentral organisierte Strukturen oder überbetrieblich zwischen unabhängigen Unternehmen. Die hauptsächlichen Vorteile einer solchen Kooperation sind neben Prozessvereinfachung, Transparenzerhöhung sowie Verbesserung der Steuerung und Kontrolle bei der Beschaffung, Kosteneinsparung durch Aufwandsminimierung und Nutzung von Preisrabatten durch Bündelung der Bestellmengen von mehreren Bestellern. Im Wirtschaftsverkehr sind Effizienzsteigerung und Verkehrsreduzierung durch Kooperationen noch wenig untersucht. Insbesondere Planungsinstrumente zur Förderung solcher Kooperationen müssen entwickelt werden. Innerhalb dieser Arbeit fanden umfangreiche Erhebungen statt. In Felduntersuchungen an der Technische Universität Berlin, verschiedenen Gewerbegebieten, Handelseinrichtungen (Shop-in-Shop-Systemen) und Bürohäusern wurden Beschaffungsprozesse, Organisationsprobleme und Kooperationsneigungen analysiert. Auf Grundlage der Erkenntnisse aus diesen quantitativen Befragungen und zusätzlichen qualitativen Experteninterviews zur Beschaffung sind verschiedene Varianten des Ansatzes entwickelt worden. In einer abschließenden deutschlandweiten Online-Unternehmensbefragung mit 1.700 auswertbaren Antworten, einer Conjoint-Analyse und weiteren Experteninterviews wurden verkehrliche Wirkungen untersucht, Kooperationsansätze bewertet und weiter entwickelt. N2 - This Book introduce in an approach to reducing traffic and costs in commercial transport (delivery transport). The virtual summary of orders e.g. by an Internet/Intranet platform - a receiver/orderer cooperation- can possibly lead to the bundling of the delivery traffics. The demand of commercial transport (business and goods transport) has dramatically changed over the last years. Current trends in globalisation and the change of general conditions of trade, associated with changes in economic structures, play a central role. A few examples of effects important for commercial transport are the expansion and internationalisation of markets, a sharing of labour, which is both increasingly distance-intensive and geographically independent, higher requirements regarding the timing of goods provision and an increase of complexity in the logistics of providing supplies and services. Many of the accepted new logistics technologies lead to an increase in traffic. An increasing number of small-component products have to be transported more frequently over longer distances. Enterprises react on these changes and on increasing competition with reduction of costs in production and reproduction as well as with reducing of capital bond. These concepts of rationalisation include outsourcing, modular technologies, abolition of stores, or global sourcing for lowest purchasing prices. Logistic strategies such as ‘just in time delivery’ and ‘hub and spoke networks’ of freight forwarder may lead to an increase in trip frequency and to more commercial transport on roads. Mostly of the approaches to save cost in this situation are supplier and/or forwarding business cooperations, also known as city logistics. The past models of supplier cooperations have rather modest success. Competition and coordination problems are two of the reasons. By bundling of orders, however, the problematic coordination of deliver by of carrier agents could be avoided in the first place. E-procurement systems with internet/intranet platform may be use for order bundling leading. The whole approach would result in traffic and cost reduction. The research in the area of orderer/receiver or procurement cooperation is, however, still pending. For participating companies (or public institutions) a procurement cooperation has clear advantages: use of scale effects (price discounts) by higher order quantities, better order competence, more transparency (especially by use of e-procurement) and process cost savings in procurement. On the social level, the bundling of orders leads to higher vehicle load factor and traffic reduction. The research of orderer/receiver or procurement cooperation is, however, still pending. Especially planning instruments for promotion of cooperation have to be developed. The effects of procurement cooperation, impacts of concepts and planning instruments for promotion were analyzed in this book. For this investigation a combination of different surveys was developed: An Germany-wide online survey with 1.700 responders for basic company and procurement data as well as traffic impacts of the approach, a conjoint analysis to evaluate the preferences of types of procurement cooperation and expert interviews to analyse the procurement decisions and prerequisites for implementation of procurement cooperation. KW - Wirtschaftsverkehr KW - Verkehr KW - Beschaffung KW - Logistik KW - commercial transport Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15497 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roos, Andreas Hult A1 - Hoque, Ziaul A1 - Klimešová, Eva A1 - Ben Ltaief, Ltaief A1 - Medina, Cristian A1 - Jurkovič, Matej A1 - Albrecht, Martin A1 - Finke, Ondřej A1 - Hort, Ondřej A1 - Nejdl, Jaroslav A1 - Mudrich, Marcel A1 - Andreasson, Jakob A1 - Krikunova, Maria T1 - Electron correlation dynamics in atomic Kr excited by XUV pulses and controlled by NIR laser pulses of variable intensity JF - New Journal of Physics N2 - We have investigated the possibility to track and control correlation dynamics of valence electrons in krypton (Kr) initiated by the absorption of one extreme ultraviolet (XUV) photon. In this investigation, pump-probe experiments have been performed where monochromatized single high-harmonics at photon energies 29.6, 32.8, and 35.9 eV have been used as pump to populate different intermediate excited states. A temporally delayed near-infrared (NIR) pulse probes the population of various decay channels via the detection of Kr²⁺ ion yields and its transient profiles. We observe that by varying the NIR pulse intensity within a range from 0.3 x 10¹³ to 2.6 x 10¹³ W cm⁻², the shape of the Kr²+ transient profile changes significantly. We show that by varying the intensity of the NIR pulse, it is possible—(i) to control the ratio between sequential and non-sequential double ionization of Kr; (ii) to selectively probe quantum beating oscillations between Kr+* satellite states that are coherently excited within the bandwidth of the XUV pulse; and (iii) to specifically probe the relaxation dynamics of doubly excited (Kr**) decay channels. Our studies show that the contribution of different ionization and decay channels (i)–(iii) can be altered by the NIR pulse intensity, thus demonstrating an efficient way to control the ionization dynamics in rare gas atoms. KW - electron correlation KW - control ionization dynamics KW - krypton satellite states KW - XUV/NIR pump-probe KW - HHG KW - quantum beating oscillation KW - doubly excited states Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16987 VL - 25 PB - Institute of Physics Publishing (IOP) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anand, Ketan A1 - Schubert, Markus Andreas A1 - Corley-Wiciak, Agnieszka Anna A1 - Spirito, Davide A1 - Corley-Wiciak, Cedric A1 - Klesse, Wolfgang M. A1 - Mai, Andreas A1 - Tillack, Bernd A1 - Yamamoto, Yuji T1 - Lateral Selective SiGe Growth for Local Dislocation-Free SiGe-on-Insulator Virtual Substrate Fabrication JF - ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology N2 - Dislocation free local SiGe-on-insulator (SGOI) virtual substrate is fabricated using lateral selective SiGe growth by reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition. The lateral selective SiGe growth is performed around a ∼1.25 μm square Si (001) pillar in a cavity formed by HCl vapor phase etching of Si at 850 °C from side of SiO2/Si mesa structure on buried oxide. Smooth root mean square roughness of SiGe surface of 0.14 nm, which is determined by interface roughness between the sacrificially etched Si and the SiO2 cap, is obtained. Uniform Ge content of ∼40% in the laterally grown SiGe is observed. In the Si pillar, tensile strain of ∼0.65% is found which could be due to thermal expansion difference between SiO2 and Si. In the SiGe, tensile strain of ∼1.4% along 〈010〉 direction, which is higher compared to that along 〈110〉 direction, is observed. The tensile strain is induced from both [110] and [−110] directions. Threading dislocations in the SiGe are located only ∼400 nm from Si pillar and stacking faults are running towards 〈110〉 directions, resulting in the formation of a wide dislocation-free area in SiGe along 〈010〉 due to horizontal aspect ratio trapping. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-17013 VL - 12 PB - Electrochemical Society (ECS); IOP ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Morlock, Sascha A1 - Subramanian, Senthil Kumar A1 - Zouni, Athina A1 - Lisdat, Fred T1 - Closing the green gap of photosystem I with synthetic fluorophores for enhanced photocurrent generation in photobiocathodes JF - Chemical Science N2 - One restriction for biohybrid photovoltaics is the limited conversion of green light by most natural photoactive components. The present study aims to fill the green gap of photosystem I (PSI) with covalently linked fluorophores, ATTO 590 and ATTO 532. Photobiocathodes are prepared by combining a 20 μm thick 3D indium tin oxide (ITO) structure with these constructs to enhance the photocurrent density compared to setups based on native PSI. To this end, two electron transfer mechanisms, with and without a mediator, are studied to evaluate differences in the behavior of the constructs. Wavelength-dependent measurements confirm the influence of the additional fluorophores on the photocurrent. The performance is significantly increased for all modifications compared to native PSI when cytochrome c is present as a redox-mediator. The photocurrent almost doubles from −32.5 to up to −60.9 μA cm−2. For mediator-less photobiocathodes, interestingly, drastic differences appear between the constructs made with various dyes. While the turnover frequency (TOF) is doubled to 10 e−/PSI/s for PSI-ATTO590 on the 3D ITO compared to the reference specimen, the photocurrents are slightly smaller since the PSI-ATTO590 coverage is low. In contrast, the PSI-ATTO532 construct performs exceptionally well. The TOF increases to 31 e−/PSI/s, and a photocurrent of −47.0 μA cm−2 is obtained. This current is a factor of 6 better than the reference made with native PSI in direct electron transfer mode and sets a new record for mediator-free photobioelectrodes combining 3D electrode structures and light-converting biocomponents. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-17022 VL - 14 SP - 1696 EP - 1708 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - König, Hannes J. A1 - Kiffner, Christian A1 - Kuhls, Katrin A1 - Uthes, Sandra A1 - Harms, Verena A1 - Wieland, Ralf T1 - Planning for wolf-livestock coexistence: landscape context predicts livestock depredation risk in agricultural landscapes JF - animal N2 - Extensive pastoral livestock systems in Central Europe provide multiple ecosystem services and support biodiversity in agricultural landscapes but their viability is challenged by livestock depredation (LD) associated with the recovery of wolf populations. Variation in the spatial distribution of LD depends on a suite of factors, most of which are unavailable at the appropriate scales. To assess if LD patterns can be predicted sufficiently with land use data alone at the scale of one federal state in Germany, we employed a machine-learning-supported resource selection approach. The model used LD monitoring data, and publicly available land use data to describe the landscape configuration at LD and control sites (resolution 4 km * 4 km). We used SHapley Additive exPlanations to assess the importance and effects of landscape configuration and cross-validation to evaluate the model performance. Our model predicted the spatial distribution of LD events with a mean accuracy of 74%. The most influential land use features included grassland, farmland and forest. The risk of livestock depredation was high if these three landscape features co-occurred with a specific proportion. A high share of grassland, combined with a moderate proportion of forest and farmland, increased LD risk. We then used the model to predict the LD risk in five regions; the resulting risk maps showed high congruence with observed LD events. While of correlative nature and lacking specific information on wolf and livestock distribution and husbandry practices, our pragmatic modelling approach can guide spatial prioritisation of damage prevention or mitigation practices to improve livestock-wolf coexistence in agricultural landscapes. KW - decision support KW - grazing-based livestock KW - human-wildlife coexistence KW - machine learning KW - risk map Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-17032 SN - 1751-7311 VL - 17 IS - 3 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Falk, Constantin A1 - El Ghayed, Tarek A1 - van de Sand, Ron A1 - Reiff-Stephan, Jörg T1 - A Data-Driven Approach Towards the Application of Reinforcement Learning Based HVAC Control JF - Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences N2 - Refrigeration applications consume a significant share of total electricity demand, with a high indirect impact on global warming through greenhouse gas emissions. Modern technology can help reduce the high power consumption and optimize the cooling control. This paper presents a case study of machine-learning for controlling a commercial refrigeration system. In particular, an approach to reinforcement learning is implemented, trained and validated utilizing a model of a real chiller plant. The reinforcement-learning controller learns to operate the plant based on its interactions with the modeled environment. The validation demonstrates the functionality of the approach, saving around 7% of the energy demand of the reference control. Limitations of the approach were identified in the discretization of the real environment and further model-based simplifications and should be addressed in future research. KW - refrigeration system KW - reinforcement learning KW - optimized control KW - Q-learning Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-17066 SN - 2714-4704 VL - 5 IS - 1 PB - Department of Physics, Federal University Lafia Nasarawa State, Nigeria ; Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alekseeva, Victoriia A1 - Nechyporenko, Alina A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Gargin, Vitaliy A1 - Meniailov, Ievgen A1 - Chumachenko, Dmytro T1 - Intelligent Decision Support System for Differential Diagnosis of Chronic Odontogenic Rhinosinusitis Based on U-Net Segmentation JF - Electronics N2 - The share of chronic odontogenic rhinosinusitis is 40% among all chronic rhinosinusitis. Using automated information systems for differential diagnosis will improve the efficiency of decision-making by doctors in diagnosing chronic odontogenic rhinosinusitis. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an intelligent decision support system for the differential diagnosis of chronic odontogenic rhinosinusitis based on computer vision methods. A dataset was collected and processed, including 162 MSCT images. A deep learning model for image segmentation was developed. A 23 convolutional layer U-Net network architecture has been used for the segmentation of multi-spiral computed tomography (MSCT) data with odontogenic maxillary sinusitis. The proposed model is implemented in such a way that each pair of repeated 3 × 3 convolutions layers is followed by an Exponential Linear Unit instead of a Rectified Linear Unit as an activation function. The model showed an accuracy of 90.09%. To develop a decision support system, an intelligent chatbot allows the user to conduct an automated patient survey and collect patient examination data from several doctors of various profiles. The intelligent information system proposed in this study made it possible to combine an image processing model with a patient interview and examination data, improving physician decision-making efficiency in the differential diagnosis of Chronic Odontogenic Rhinosinusitis. The proposed solution is the first comprehensive solution in this area. KW - CT data KW - deep learning KW - image segmentation KW - U-Net KW - decision support system KW - chronic odontogenic rhinosinusitis KW - machine learning KW - artificial intelligence Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-17088 SN - 2079-9292 VL - 12 IS - 5 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Henning, Thorsten A1 - Wagner, Philipp A1 - Gedat, Egbert A1 - Kochlik, Bastian A1 - Kusch, Paula A1 - Sowoidnich, Kay A1 - Vastag, Marko A1 - Gleim, Jeannine A1 - Braune, Marcel A1 - Maiwald, Martin A1 - Sumpf, Bernd A1 - Grune, Tilman A1 - Weber, Daniela T1 - Evaluation of Modern Approaches for the Assessment of Dietary Carotenoids as Markers for Fruit and Vegetable Consumption JF - Nutrients N2 - The assessment of dietary carotenoids via blood measurements has been widely used as a marker for fruit and vegetable consumption. In the present study, modern, non-invasive approaches to assess dietary carotenoids, such as skin measurements and an app-based short dietary record (ASDR), were compared with conventional methods such as plasma status and handwritten 3-day dietary records. In an 8-week observational study, 21 healthy participants aged 50–65 years recorded their daily consumption of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables via a specially developed ASDR. Anthropometry, blood samplings and assessment of skin carotenoids via Raman and reflection spectroscopy were performed at baseline, after four weeks and at the end of the study. App-based intake data showed good correlations with plasma α-carotene (r = 0.74, p < 0.0001), β-carotene (r = 0.71, p < 0.0001), and total plasma carotenoids (r = 0.65, p < 0.0001); weak correlations with plasma lutein/zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin (both r = 0.34, p < 0.05); and no correlation with plasma lycopene. Skin measurements via reflection and Raman spectroscopy correlated well with total plasma carotenoids (r = 0.81 and 0.72, respectively; both p < 0.0001), α-carotene (r = 0.75–0.62, p < 0.0001), and β-carotene (r = 0.79–0.71, p < 0.0001); moderately with plasma lutein/zeaxanthin (both r = 0.51, p < 0.0001); weakly with plasma β-cryptoxanthin (r = 0.40–0.31, p < 0.05); and showed no correlation with plasma lycopene. Skin measurements could provide a more convenient and noninvasive approach of estimating a person’s fruit and vegetable consumption compared to traditional methods, especially in studies that do not intend blood sampling. ASDR records might function as a suitable, convenient tool for dietary assessment in nutritional intervention studies. KW - carotenoid KW - vitamin KW - e-health KW - app KW - dietary record KW - blood KW - skin measurement KW - spectroscopy KW - Raman Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-17280 SN - 2072-6643 VL - 15 IS - 7 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chumachenko, Dmytro A1 - Butkevych, Mykola A1 - Lode, Daniel A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Schmailzl, Kurt J. G. A1 - Nechyporenko, Alina T1 - Machine Learning Methods in Predicting Patients with Suspected Myocardial Infarction Based on Short-Time HRV Data JF - Sensors N2 - Diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases is an urgent task because they are the main cause of death for 32% of the world’s population. Particularly relevant are automated diagnostics using machine learning methods in the digitalization of healthcare and introduction of personalized medicine in healthcare institutions, including at the individual level when designing smart houses. Therefore, this study aims to analyze short 10-s electrocardiogram measurements taken from 12 leads. In addition, the task is to classify patients with suspected myocardial infarction using machine learning methods. We have developed four models based on the k-nearest neighbor classifier, radial basis function, decision tree, and random forest to do this. An analysis of time parameters showed that the most significant parameters for diagnosing myocardial infraction are SDNN, BPM, and IBI. An experimental investigation was conducted on the data of the open PTB-XL dataset for patients with suspected myocardial infarction. The results showed that, according to the parameters of the short ECG, it is possible to classify patients with a suspected myocardial infraction as sick and healthy with high accuracy. The optimized Random Forest model showed the best performance with an accuracy of 99.63%, and a root mean absolute error is less than 0.004. The proposed novel approach can be used for patients who do not have other indicators of heart attacks. KW - myocardial infraction KW - heart rate variability KW - 10-second heart rate variability KW - diagnostics KW - machine learning KW - k-nearest neighbor classifier KW - radial basis function KW - decision tree KW - random forest Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16521 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 IS - 18 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arango Pérez, Andrés T1 - Implementing Augmented Reality in the Flight Deck for Single Pilot Operations JF - Anwendungen und Konzepte der Wirtschaftsinformatik N2 - Single Pilot Operations is a current topic with the potential to significantly affect the future of commercial aviation. While financially attractive for airlines, Single Pilot Operations bring forth important safety concerns, especially regarding the lack of human redundancy in the flight deck, an increased workload for the single pilot, reduced situational awareness and a higher risk of human error. It is assumed that potential problems affecting Single Pilot Operations could be addressed by implementing an Augmented Reality (AR) device in the flight deck, by presenting additional information and supporting hints within the pilot’s field of view. Concretely, AR could be used to help reduce the single pilot’s workload, improve situational awareness and reduce the risk of human error. This paper sets out to demonstrate two use cases for augmented reality in the flight deck. A system, called Pilot Assist, was developed that allows pilots to conduct checklists interactively with a Microsoft HoloLens. The system also provides a holographic Head-up-Display. Pilot Assist was developed and demonstrated with a fixed base Airbus A320 simulator at the Technical University of Wildau. With the HoloLens’ spatial mapping capabilities – scanning and recognizing the environment around the user – it was possible to create a system that guides the pilot through the conduction of checklists. This is done by prompting the user towards the location of each checklist item in the cockpit, where information regarding necessary actions is projected. Furthermore, Pilot Assist is integrated with the aircraft systems, making it possible to obtain aircraft status data in real time, thus allowing error-checking of the pilot’s actions as well as automating the progress through checklists. The holographic Head-up-Display allows the user to look at the surrounding environment while presenting critical flight data within the user’s field of view. The holographic Head-up-Display is intended to contribute to the pilot’s situational awareness. Experts in the aviation field, including pilots, researchers and engineers had the chance to qualitatively assess the Pilot Assist tool. They pointed to limitations of both Pilot Assist and the HoloLens itself, but shared optimism as to how this technology and similar applications could indeed impact the future of flight operations. Concerns regarding the HoloLens’ weight, comfort and narrow field of view were expressed. However, continued development of head mounted devices (e.g. HoloLens 2) is expected in the coming years. Further research into augmented reality applications in the flight deck is needed to advance this and other use cases. Nonetheless, the experts agreed Pilot Assist provides beneficial support during single pilot operation considering the current prototypical nature of the system. Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16649 VL - 9 SP - 60 EP - 72 PB - Arbeitskreis Wirtschaftsinformatik (AKWI) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peuschke-Bischof, Tobias T1 - Der Mensch als Einflussfaktor beim manuellen Fahren JF - Anwendungen und Konzepte der Wirtschaftsinformatik N2 - Dieser Ausschnitt aus einer Masterarbeit dient der Betrachtung der Aufnahme und Verarbeitung von Informationen durch den Menschen im Straßenverkehr. Dazu werden unter anderem die Prozesse der Informationsaufnahme, Informationsverarbeitung und die Überführung der Informationen in eine Handlung genauer betrachtet, um erkennen zu können, welchen Nutzen Fahrerassistenzsysteme erzielen können, indem sie dem Menschen die Fahraufgabe entweder teilweise oder sogar vollständig abnehmen. KW - Informationsverarbeitung KW - Manuelles Fahren KW - Autonomes Fahren KW - Fahrerassistenzsystem KW - Wahrnehmung KW - salience effort expectancy value model KW - Situationsbewusstsein KW - extended control model Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16655 VL - 9 SP - 83 EP - 87 PB - Arbeitskreis Wirtschaftsinformatik (AKWI) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mai, Andreas A1 - Mai, Christian A1 - Steglich, Patrick T1 - From Lab-on-chip to Lab-in-App: Challenges towards silicon photonic biosensors product developments JF - Results in Optics N2 - This work presents and evaluates different approaches of integrated optical sensors based on photonic integrated circuit (PIC) technologies for refractive index sensing. Bottlenecks in the fabrication flow towards an applicable system are discussed that hinder a cost-effective mass-production for disposable sensor chips. As sensor device, a waveguide coupled micro-ring based approach is chosen which is manufactured in an 8” wafer level process. We will show that the co-integration with a reproducible, scalable and low-cost microfluidic interface is the main challenge which needs to be overcome for future application of silicon technology based PIC sensor chips. KW - silicon photonic sensor KW - integrated optical sensor KW - photonic integrated circuit KW - optical ring resonator KW - photonic biosensor KW - refractive index sensing KW - interchangeable sensor chip Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16687 SN - 2666-9501 VL - 9 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Siegmann, Jürgen A1 - Melzer, Klaus-Martin A1 - Heinrich, Ingo T1 - Planbarer Umgang mit der außerplanmäßigen Instandhaltung von Eisenbahnfahrzeugen - Paradoxon oder Chance? JF - Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau (ETR) N2 - Wettbewerb prägt den liberalisierten Eisenbahnmarkt in Europa und macht unternehmerisches Denken und Handeln der Eisenbahnverkehrsunternehmen im Fern-, Nah- und Güterverkehr erforderlich. Dabei ist der Umgang mit der Fahrzeuginstandhaltung ein wichtiger Erfolgsfaktor. Der vorliegende Artikel fokussiert sich auf die außerplanmäßige Instandhaltung und beschreibt die methodische Herleitung eines mathematischen Modells um den Schädigungszustand, also den Grad der Schädigung einer Flotte von Eisenbahnfahrzeugen, in eine valide Korrelation mit vorhandenen betrieblichen Ressourcen zu bringen. Diese Wechselbeziehung wird in eine allgemeingültige Kennzahl, dem Schadindex überführt und mittels eines geeigneten Prognosemodells in seinem zeitlichen Verlauf vorhersagbar dargestellt. Die Prognose berücksichtigt auch die Möglichkeit zur iterativen Anpassung der betrieblichen Ressourcen. So kann beispielsweise das zukünftige Schädigungsverhalten einer Eisenbahnfahrzeugflotte in Abhängigkeit einer veränderten Fahrzeugzahl oder einer Umstellung der Mitarbeiterbesetztzeiten in den Instandhaltungswerken simuliert werden. Mit einer systematischen Anwendung des Schadindex erhalten Eisenbahnverkehrsunternehmen mehr Handlungsspielräume zur Verfolgung ihrer strategischen und wirtschaftlichen Ziele. Aus einem Reagieren auf unerwartete Fahrzeugausfälle, wird ein Agieren bereits im Vorfeld dieser Ausfälle. KW - Instandhaltung KW - Schienenfahrzeug KW - Fahrzeugflotte KW - Schadindex Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16699 SN - 0013-2845 VL - 66 IS - 12 SP - 55 EP - 63 PB - DVV Media Group ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liebchen, Christian T1 - Quo vadis Taktfahrplanoptimierung im Eisenbahnverkehr? JF - Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau (ETR) N2 - Von 2005 bis 2008 war es gelungen, für mehrere Netze des Schienenpersonenverkehrs durch den Einsatz mathematischer Optimierungsverfahren Verbesserungen in den Fahrplänen zu erzielen. Seither stehen weitere solche Einsätze aus. Der vorliegende Beitrag reflektiert daher, ob die eingesetzten Methoden und nicht zuletzt ggf. sogar die Zielgruppe(n) einer Justierung bedürfen. Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16701 SN - 0013-2845 VL - 66 IS - 1+2 SP - 31 EP - 35 PB - DVV Media Group ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kebdani, Zaki A1 - Lehnert, Martin A1 - Michael, Sabrina T1 - Hygienisch sicher reisen? – Der öffentliche Verkehr in der Pandemie – JF - Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau (ETR) N2 - Entsprechend aktueller wissenschaftlicher Studien ist das Risiko, sich mit SARS-CoV-2 im öffentlichen Verkehr zu infizieren, nicht höher als im häuslichen Umfeld. Besonders in Verkehrsmittelinnenräumen kann durch eine ausreichende Frischluftzufuhr, Umluftfilterung, Einhaltung von Abständen und dem richtigen Tragen von geeigneten Schutzmasken das Ansteckungsrisiko effektiv reduziert werden. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16716 SN - 0013-2845 VL - 2021 IS - 9 SP - 16 EP - 21 PB - DVV Media Group ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Osdoba, Anne-Katrin A1 - Lehnert, Martin T1 - Welche Erwartungen hat die Eisenbahnbranche an neueingestellte Mitarbeitende? JF - Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau (ETR) N2 - Dieser Fragestellung geht das EU-Projekt ASTONRail in einem ersten Projektteil nach. In einer Umfrage wurde die Eisenbahnbranche in Deutschland und Europa hinsichtlich ihrer Erwartungen an die Hochschulausbildung neueingestellter Eisenbahningenieurinnen und -ingenieure befragt. Erkenntnisse und Schlussfolgerungen für die Hochschulausbildung werden nachfolgend vorgestellt. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16725 SN - 0013-2845 VL - 2022 IS - 4 SP - 23 EP - 27 PB - DVV Media Group ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grebinyk, Anna A1 - Prylutska, Svitlana A1 - Grebinyk, Sergii A1 - Ponomarenko, Stanislav A1 - Virych, Pavlo A1 - Chumachenko, Vasyl A1 - Kutsevol, Nataliya A1 - Prylutskyy, Yuriy A1 - Ritter, Uwe A1 - Frohme, Marcus T1 - Drug delivery with a pH-sensitive star-like dextran-graft polyacrylamide copolymer JF - Nanoscale Advances N2 - The development of precision cancer medicine relies on novel formulation strategies for targeted drug delivery to increase the therapeutic outcome. Biocompatible polymer nanoparticles, namely dextran-graft-polyacrylamide (D-g-PAA) copolymers, represent one of the innovative non-invasive approaches for drug delivery applications in cancer therapy. In this study, the star-like D-g-PAA copolymer in anionic form (D-g-PAAan) was developed for pH-triggered targeted drug delivery of the common chemotherapeutic drugs – doxorubicin (Dox) and cisplatin (Cis). The initial D-g-PAA copolymer was synthesized by the radical graft polymerization method, and then alkaline-hydrolyzed to get this polymer in anionic form for further use for drug encapsulation. The acidification of the buffer promoted the release of loaded drugs. D-g-PAAan nanoparticles increased the toxic potential of the drugs against human and mouse lung carcinoma cells (A549 and LLC), but not against normal human lung cells (HEL299). The drug-loaded D-g-PAAan-nanoparticles promoted further oxidative stress and apoptosis induction in LLC cells. D-g-PAAan-nanoparticles improved Dox accumulation and drugs’ toxicity in a 3D LLC multi-cellular spheroid model. The data obtained indicate that the strategy of chemotherapeutic drug encapsulation within the branched D-g-PAAan nanoparticle allows not only to realize pH-triggered drug release but also to potentiate its cytotoxic, prooxidant and proapoptotic effects against lung carcinoma cells. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16749 VL - 4 IS - 23 SP - 5077 EP - 5088 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Morlock, Sascha A1 - Subramanian, Senthil Kumar A1 - Zouni, Athina A1 - Lisdat, Fred T1 - Bio-inorganic hybrid structures for direct electron transfer to photosystem I in photobioelectrodes JF - Biosensors and Bioelectronics N2 - Synthetic materials can be combined with biological components in many ways. One example that provides scientists with multiple challenges is a photobioelectrode that converts sunlight into electrons in a biohybrid approach. In the present study several key parameters are evaluated concerning their influence on the direct electron transfer from a 3D indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode material to photosystem I (PSI) as a light-harvesting biomolecule. In contrast to previous investigations, no mediating molecule is added to shuttle the electrons to the luminal side of PSI. Thus, this setup is less complex than foregoing ones. The solution composition drastically influences the interaction of PSI with the ITO surface. Here, the application of higher buffer concentrations and the addition of salts are advantageous, whereas the nature of the buffer ions plays a minor role. The artificial electrode material's thickness is adjustable since a spin-coating procedure is used for preparation. With a 30 μm thick structure and immobilized PSI cathodic photocurrents up to 10.1 μA cm−2 are obtained at 100 mW cm−2 illumination intensity and an applied potential of −0.1V vs. Ag/AgCl. Over a period of three days the photobioelectrodes are illuminated for a total of 90 min and stored between the measurements at ambient temperature. The stability of the setup is noteworthy as still about 90% of the photocurrent is retained. The photocathode described here offers many positive features, including a high onset potential for the photocurrent starting sligthly above the redox potentail of P700, and applicability in a wide pH range from pH 5 to 8. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16770 SN - 1873-4235 VL - 204 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hagen, Dirk J. A1 - Yoon, Jiho A1 - Zhang, Haojie A1 - Kalkofen, Bodo A1 - Silinskas, Mindaugas A1 - Börrnert, Felix A1 - Han, Hyeon A1 - Parkin, Stuart S. P. T1 - Atomic Layer Deposition of the Conductive Delafossite PtCoO2 JF - Advanced Materials Interfaces N2 - The first atomic layer deposition process for a ternary oxide is reported, which contains a metal of the platinum group, the delafossite PtCoO2. The deposition with the precursors trimethyl-Pt-methylcyclopentadienyl, Co-bis(N-t-butyl-N′-ethylpropanimidamidate), and oxygen plasma results in a process with a nearly constant growth rate and stoichiometric composition over a wide temperature window from 100 to 320 °C. Annealing of the as-deposited amorphous films in an oxygen atmosphere in a temperature window from 700 to 800 °C leads to the formation of the delafossite phase. Very thin films show a pronounced preferred orientation with the Pt sheets being almost parallel to the substrate surface while arbitrary orientation is observed for thicker films. The conformal coating of narrow trenches highlights the potential of this atomic-layer-deposition process. Moreover, heterostructures with magnetic films are fabricated to demonstrate the potential of PtCoO2 for spintronic applications. KW - ALD KW - atomic layer deposition KW - conductive oxide KW - delafossite KW - PtCoO2 topological material Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16076 VL - 9 IS - 12 PB - Wiley ER - TY - CHAP A1 - El Ghayed, Tarek A1 - Falk, Constantin A1 - Wilbers, Simon A1 - van de Sand, Ron A1 - Reiff-Stephan, Jörg T1 - Modellansatz zur Prozessoptimierung beim hydroadhäsiven Greifen T2 - Tagungsband AALE 2023 : Mit Automatisierungstechnik gegen den Klimawandel N2 - Der Produktlebenszyklus von Kleidung ist vor allem durch lange Lieferketten von Niedriglohnländern in Hochlohnländer gekennzeichnet. Die Eliminierung solcher Transportwege könnte dazu führen, dass der komplette Lebenszyklus von Kleidungsware nachhaltiger und umweltfreundlicher wird. Der Aufbau von Produktionsstätten in Hochlohnländern wird aktuell durch technische Herausforderungen des Produktionsprozesses von Kleidung bzw. allgemein biegeschlaffen Materialien verhindert. Aufgrund der Eigenschaften biegeschlaffer Materialien können die Entnahme bzw. definierte Ablage von Textilteilen heutzutage nur teilautomatisiert bzw. mit einem hohen Anteil manueller Tätigkeiten gelöst werden. Das Hydroadhäsive Greifen könnte eine Lösung sein, die oben genannten Prozesse zu automatisieren und die Produktion für Hochlohnländer zu vergünstigen. Jedoch verfügt das Verfahren noch über lange Zykluszeiten und die Haltekräfte sind nicht reproduzierbar. Weiterhin ist die Findung von Einstellparametern sehr zeitaufwendig und komplex. Die Lösung könnte eine intelligente Steuerung sein, dessen Kernstück ein datengetriebenes Modell für die Parameteroptimierung und -findung ist. Im Rahmen der Forschungsarbeiten wird ein Modellansatz zur Optimierung der Taktzeit beim hydroadhäsiven Greifen erarbeitet. Dabei wird die Gewinnung der Datengrundlage, das zu entwickelnde Modell sowie die eigentliche Validierung diskutiert. KW - Datengetriebenes Modell KW - Validierung KW - KI KW - cyber-physical system KW - Hydroadhäsives Greifen KW - Künstliche Intelligenz Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-17150 SN - 978-3-910103-01-6 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Hochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur CY - Leipzig ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kober, Liane A1 - Schaefer, Paul A1 - Hollert, Henner A1 - Frohme, Marcus T1 - A novel strategy for high-throughput sample collection, analysis and visualization of explosives' concentrations for contaminated areas JF - International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology N2 - The use of explosives has led to a widespread distribution of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its by- and degradation products in the soil on former production and testing sites. The investigation of those large contaminated sites is so far based on a few selected soil samples, due to high costs of conventional HPLC and GC analysis, although huge differences in concentrations can already be found in small areas and different collection depths. We introduce a novel high-throughput screening system for those areas, which combines a smartphone-based collection of GPS data and soil characteristics with a fast MALDI-TOF MS quantification of explosives in soil sample extracts and finally a heatmap visualization of the explosives’ spread in soil and an analysis of correlation between concentrations and soil characteristics. The analysis of a 400 m2 area presented an extensive contamination with TNT and lower concentrations of the degradation and by-products aminodinitrotoluenes (ADNT) and dinitrotoluenes (DNT) next to a former production facility for TNT. The contamination decreased in deeper soil levels and depended on the soil type. Pure humus samples showed significantly lower contaminations compared to sand and humus/sand mixtures, which is likely to be caused by an increased binding potential of the humic material. No correlation was found between the vegetation and the concentration of explosives. Since the results were obtained and visualized within several hours, the MALDI-TOF MS based comprehensive screening and heatmap analysis might be valuable for a fast and high-throughput characterization of contaminated areas. KW - 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene KW - explosives KW - heatmap KW - MALDI-TOF MS KW - risk analysis KW - smartphone Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15981 SN - 1735-2630 VL - 20 IS - 2 SP - 1399 EP - 1410 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steglich, Patrick A1 - Schasfoort, Richard B. M. T1 - Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRi) and Photonic Integrated Circuits (PIC) for COVID-19 Severity Monitoring JF - COVID N2 - Direct optical detection methods such as surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) and photonic-integrated-circuits (PIC)-based biosensors provide a fast label-free detection of COVID-19 antibodies in real-time. Each technology, i.e., SPRi and PIC, has advantages and disadvantages in terms of throughput, miniaturization, multiplexing, system integration, and cost-effective mass production. However, both technologies share similarities in terms of sensing mechanism and both can be used as high-content diagnostics at or near to point of care, where the analyte is not just quantified but comprehensively characterized. This is significant because recent results suggest that not only the antibody concentration of the three isotypes IgM, IgG, and IgA but also the strength of binding (affinity) gives an indication of potential COVID-19 severity. COVID-19 patients with high titers of low affinity antibodies are associated with disease severity. In this perspective, we provide some insights into how SPR and PIC technologies can be effectively combined and complementarily used for a comprehensive COVID-19 severity monitoring. This opens a route toward an immediate therapy decision to provide patients a treatment in an early stage of the infection, which could drastically lowers the risk of a severe disease course. KW - COVID-19 KW - surface plasmon resonance KW - photonic integrated circuit KW - direct optical detection KW - COVID-19 antibody KW - COVID-19 severity KW - pandemic surveillance KW - immunity monitoring Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16004 SN - 2673-8112 VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - 389 EP - 397 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steglich, Patrick A1 - Lecci, Giulia A1 - Mai, Andreas T1 - Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Spectroscopy and Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC) Biosensors: A Comparative Review JF - Sensors N2 - Label-free direct-optical biosensors such as surface-plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy has become a gold standard in biochemical analytics in centralized laboratories. Biosensors based on photonic integrated circuits (PIC) are based on the same physical sensing mechanism: evanescent field sensing. PIC-based biosensors can play an important role in healthcare, especially for point-of-care diagnostics, if challenges for a transfer from research laboratory to industrial applications can be overcome. Research is at this threshold, which presents a great opportunity for innovative on-site analyses in the health and environmental sectors. A deeper understanding of the innovative PIC technology is possible by comparing it with the well-established SPR spectroscopy. In this work, we shortly introduce both technologies and reveal similarities and differences. Further, we review some latest advances and compare both technologies in terms of surface functionalization and sensor performance. KW - surface plasmon resonance KW - photonic integrated circuit KW - biosensor KW - surface functionalization KW - label-free detection Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16018 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 IS - 8 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lindner, Niels A1 - Liebchen, Christian T1 - Timetable merging for the Periodic Event Scheduling Problem JF - EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics N2 - We propose a new mixed integer programming based heuristic for computing new benchmark primal solutions for instances of the PESPlib. The PESPlib is a collection of instances for the Periodic Event Scheduling Problem (PESP), comprising periodic timetabling problems inspired by real-world railway timetabling settings, and attracting several international research teams during the last years. We describe two strategies to merge a set of good periodic timetables. These make use of the instance structure and minimum weight cycle bases, finally leading to restricted mixed integer programming formulations with tighter variable bounds. Implementing this timetable merging approach in a concurrent solver, we improve the objective values of the best known solutions for the smallest and largest PESPlib instances by 1.7 and 4.3 percent, respectively. KW - periodic event scheduling problem KW - periodic timetabling KW - railway timetabling KW - PESPlib KW - benchmark solution KW - mixed-integer programming Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16054 SN - 2192-4376 VL - 11 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Rocchis, Vincenzo A1 - Roitsch, Thomas A1 - Franken, Philipp ED - Strobel, Gary A. T1 - Extracellular Glycolytic Activities in Root Endophytic Serendipitaceae and Their Regulation by Plant Sugars JF - Microorganisms N2 - Endophytic fungi that colonize the plant root live in an environment with relative high concentrations of different sugars. Analyses of genome sequences indicate that such endophytes can secrete carbohydrate-related enzymes to compete for these sugars with the surrounding plant cells. We hypothesized that typical plant sugars can be used as carbon source by root endophytes and that these sugars also serve as signals to induce the expression and secretion of glycolytic enzymes. The plant-growth-promoting endophytes Serendipita indica and Serendipita herbamans were selected to first determine which sugars promote their growth and biomass formation. Secondly, particular sugars were added to liquid cultures of the fungi to induce intracellular and extracellular enzymatic activities which were measured in mycelia and culture supernatants. The results showed that both fungi cannot feed on melibiose and lactose, but instead use glucose, fructose, sucrose, mannose, arabinose, galactose and xylose as carbohydrate sources. These sugars regulated the cytoplasmic activity of glycolytic enzymes and also their secretion. The levels of induction or repression depended on the type of sugars added to the cultures and differed between the two fungi. Since no conventional signal peptide could be detected in most of the genome sequences encoding the glycolytic enzymes, a non-conventional protein secretory pathway is assumed. The results of the study suggest that root endophytic fungi translocate glycolytic activities into the root, and this process is regulated by the availability of particular plant sugars. KW - endophytic fungi KW - sugar metabolism KW - glycolysis Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15774 SN - 2076-2607 VL - 10 IS - 2 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pfeil, Juliane A1 - Nechyporenko, Alina A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Hufert, Frank T. A1 - Schulze, Katja T1 - Examination of blood samples using deep learning and mobile microscopy JF - BMC Bioinformatics N2 - Microscopic examination of human blood samples is an excellent opportunity to assess general health status and diagnose diseases. Conventional blood tests are performed in medical laboratories by specialized professionals and are time and labor intensive. The development of a point-of-care system based on a mobile microscope and powerful algorithms would be beneficial for providing care directly at the patient's bedside. For this purpose human blood samples were visualized using a low-cost mobile microscope, an ocular camera and a smartphone. Training and optimisation of different deep learning methods for instance segmentation are used to detect and count the different blood cells. The accuracy of the results is assessed using quantitative and qualitative evaluation standards. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15802 SN - 1471-2105 VL - 23 PB - BioMed Central ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herkenhoff, Marcos Edgar A1 - Bovolenta, Luiz A. A1 - Brödel, Oliver A1 - dos Santos, Lucilene Delazari A1 - de Oliveira, Arthur C. A1 - Chuffa, Luiz G.A. A1 - Ribeiro, Amanda O. A1 - Lupi, Luiz A. A1 - Dias, Marco A.D. A1 - Hilsdorf, Alexandre W.S. A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Pinhal, Danillo T1 - Variant expression signatures of microRNAs and protein related to growth in a crossbreed between two strains of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) JF - Genomics N2 - Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a species of worldwide importance for aquaculture. A crossbred lineage was developed through introgressive backcross breeding techniques and combines the high growth performance of the Chitralada (CHIT) lwith attractive reddish color of the Red Stirling (REDS) strains. Since the crossbreed has an unknown genetically improved background, the objective of this work was to characterize expression signatures that portray the advantageous phenotype of the crossbreeds. We characterized the microRNA transcriptome by high throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) and the proteome through mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF-MS) and applied bioinformatics for the comparative analysis of such molecular data on the three strains. Crossbreed expressed a distinct set of miRNAs and proteins compared to the parents. They comprised several microRNAs regulate traits of economic interest. Proteomic profiles revealed differences between parental and crossbreed in expression of proteins associated with glycolisis. Distinctive miRNA and protein signatures contribute to the phenotype of crossbreed. KW - Nile tilapia KW - growth KW - RNA-seq KW - miRNA KW - ESI-Q-TOF KW - proteome Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15571 SN - 0888-7543 VL - 113 IS - 6 SP - 4303 EP - 4312 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wieland, Ralf A1 - Kuhls, Katrin A1 - Lentz, Hartmut H.K. A1 - Conraths, Franz A1 - Kampen, Helge A1 - Werner, Doreen T1 - Combined climate and regional mosquito habitat model based on machine learning JF - Ecological Modelling N2 - Besides invasive mosquito species also several native species are proven or suspected vectors of arboviruses as West Nile or Usutu virus in Western Europe. Habitat models of these native vectors can be a helpful tool for assessing the risk of autochthonous occurrence, outbreaks and spread of diseases caused by such arboviruses. Modelling native mosquitoes is complicated because of the perfect adaptation to the climatic and landscape conditions and their high abundance in contrast to invasive species. Here we present a new approach for such a habitat model for native mosquito species in Germany, which are considered as vectors of West Nile virus (WNV). Epizootic emergence of WNV was registered in Germany since 2018. The models are based on surveillance data of mosquitoes from the German citizen science project “Mückenatlas” complemented by data from systematic trap monitoring in Germany, and on data freely available from the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) and OpenStreetMap (OSM). While climatic factors still play an important role, we could show that habitat suitability is predictable only by the combination of the climate model with a regional model. Both models were based on a machine-learning approach using XGBoost. Evaluation of the accuracy of the models was done by statistical analysis, determining among others feature importances using the SHAP-Library. Final output of the combined climatic and regional models are maps showing the superposed habitat suitability which are generated through a number of steps described in detail. These maps also include the registered cases of WNV infections in the selected region of Germany. KW - citizen science data KW - mosquito habitat modelling KW - machine learning KW - XGBoost KW - West Nile virus KW - vector borne disease Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15649 SN - 0304-3800 VL - 452 CY - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerhard, Christoph A1 - Dobis, Alexander T1 - Manufacturing-induced surface contaminations JF - Vakuum in Forschung und Praxis N2 - Summary In the course of classical optics manufacturing glass components are in permanent direct contact with aqueous operating materials. Such contact leads to a certain absorption of water and hydrogenous compounds that may induce severe glass defects. In this contribution, absorption of hydrogen and other contaminants during grinding of glass was observed and qualitatively detected via laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. It is shown that hydrogen, calcium, magnesium, and carbon are implanted into the glass surface where the contaminant concentration increases over grinding time or contact time of the glass surface with water and the grinding tool, respectively. The contaminants hydrogen, calcium, and magnesium can be attributed to the water used as lubricant. In contrast, carbon most likely originates from wear debris of the used silicon carbide grinding pads. Several possible mechanisms that lead to such surface contamination of glasses during grinding – diffusion, accumulation in micro cracks as well as the formation of hydrated silica – are finally introduced. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15656 VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 33 EP - 37 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauer, Joachim A1 - Fursenko, Oksana A1 - Heinrich, Friedhelm A1 - Gutke, Marko A1 - Kornejew, Eckhart A1 - Brödel, Oliver A1 - Dietzel, Birgit A1 - Kaltenbach, Alexander A1 - Burkhardt, Martin A1 - Edling, Matthias A1 - Steglich, Patrick A1 - Herzog, Michael A1 - Schrader, Sigurd T1 - Determination of optical constants and scattering properties of transparent polymers for use in optoelectronics JF - Optical Materials Express N2 - Knowledge of optical constants, i.e. refractive index n and extinction coefficient k, and light scattering properties of optical polymers are required to optimize micro-optics for light-emitting diodes in terms of efficiency, color properties and light distribution. We present here a model-based diagnostic approach to determine the optical properties of polymers, which should be particularly useful in the development of plastics for optical applications. Optical constants and scattering coefficients were obtained from transmission and reflection measurements in a wavelength range from UV to NIR taking into account scattering effects due to rough surfaces and volume inhomogeneity. Based on the models for the dielectric function, the molecular optical transition energies Eg, critical point energies, Urbach energies and exciton transition energies were determined. Rayleigh and Mie scattering model and van de Hulst's anomalous diffraction theory were applied to characterize scattering due to volume inhomogeneities. Scalar diffraction theory was applied to account for surface roughness scattering. Atomic force microscopy with nanomechanical characterization was used to characterize domains in size and shape and to assign optical scattering to a suitable morphological model. The combined optical and mechanical characterization help to improve the qualification of new polymer materials for optical applications. KW - diffraction theory KW - light property KW - optical constant KW - optical material KW - optical property KW - scattering theory Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15666 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 204 EP - 224 PB - Optica Publishing Group ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Drost, Martin A1 - Marschmeyer, Steffen A1 - Fraschke, Mirko A1 - Fursenko, Oksana A1 - Bärwolf, Florian A1 - Costina, Ioan A1 - Kalishettyhalli Mahadevaiah, Mamathamba A1 - Lisker, Marco T1 - Etch mechanism of an Al₂O₃ hard mask in the Bosch process JF - Micro and Nano Engineering N2 - The etching of high aspect ratio structures in silicon via the Bosch process is essential in modern technologies such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and through‑silicon vias (TSV) fabrication. The process can be very demanding on the mask selectivity due to long etching times, and it has been shown that an Al2O3 hard mask is very suitable in this regard, as it offers significantly higher selectivity compared to the conventional SiO2 or resist masks. In this work, we employ a combination of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiling to scrutinize the Al2O3 mask etching mechanism and therefore the origin of the extraordinary high selectivity. We demonstrate that by increasing the passivation step time, a thicker fluorocarbon polymer layer is formed on the Al2O3, and Al2O3 is then removed with a minuscule average etch rate of 0.01 nm/min. XPS depth profiling reveals that during Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) using the Bosch process, an AlFx layer is formed between the polymer and Al2O3. As AlFx is non-volatile, it requires sputtering to be removed. If the polymer layer is thick enough to attenuate the incoming ions such that their energy is not sufficient to lead to desorption of AlFx, such as when using a longer passivation time, the mask is not eroded. By investigating the surface after different amounts of DRIE cycles, we also obtained information about the formation rate of AlFx and the changes in the Al2O3 and polymer thicknesses over the course of a DRIE process. These findings further expand the knowledge of DRIE and can help process engineers to tailor the processes accordingly. KW - Bosch process KW - deep reactive ion etching KW - aluminum oxide Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15678 SN - 2590-0072 VL - 14 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinsohn, Natascha Katharina A1 - Niedl, Robert Raimund A1 - Anielski, Alexander A1 - Lisdat, Fred A1 - Beta, Carsten T1 - Electrophoretic µPAD for Purification and Analysis of DNA Samples JF - Biosensors N2 - In this work, the fabrication and characterization of a simple, inexpensive, and effective microfluidic paper analytic device (µPAD) for monitoring DNA samples is reported. The glass microfiber-based chip has been fabricated by a new wax-based transfer-printing technique and an electrode printing process. It is capable of moving DNA effectively in a time-dependent fashion. The nucleic acid sample is not damaged by this process and is accumulated in front of the anode, but not directly on the electrode. Thus, further DNA processing is feasible. The system allows the DNA to be purified by separating it from other components in sample mixtures such as proteins. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that DNA can be moved through several layers of the glass fiber material. This proof of concept will provide the basis for the development of rapid test systems, e.g., for the detection of pathogens in water samples. KW - microfluidic paper analytic device (µPAD) KW - patterning glass microfiber KW - fiber-electrophoresis chip KW - DNA KW - imprinted electrodes KW - cross layer chip KW - polymerase chain reaction (PCR) KW - purification Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15763 SN - 2079-6374 VL - 12 IS - 2 PB - MDPI ER -