TY - CHAP A1 - Jacob, Thomas A1 - Kubica, Stefan ED - Kubica, Stefan ED - Ringshausen, Hagen ED - Reiff-Stephan, Jörg ED - Schlingelhof, Marius T1 - Einsatz von Stream-Machine-Learning auf Fahrzeugdaten T2 - 2. Automobil Symposium Wildau: Tagungsband Technische Hochschule Wildau 2017 N2 - Daten liegen in modernen Fahrzeugen in einer großen Menge vor. Die Daten, welche die Sensoren des Fahrzeuges erzeugen, werden über Bus-Systeme zentral zur Verfügung gestellt und für die jeweiligen Anwendungen von den Steuergeräten ausgewertet. Nach diesem Einsatz werden die Sensordaten verworfen. Eine Herausforderung an die Verwendung jener Daten sind die Historisierung und systematische Auswertung dieser. Dafür werden Data-Mining-Methoden angewandt, welche die internen sowie die externen Daten (Car2X-Kommunikation) in Echtzeit auswerten und mit dem digitalem Gedächtnis abgleichen. Ziel dessen ist die Erkennung von Mustern, zur Identifikation von Situationen (z.B. Verkehrsunfall) und Fahrzuständen (z.B. Autobahnfahrt). Als Ergebnisse sollen der Komfort der Insassen und die Sicherheit des Straßenverkehrs verbessert werden. Potentiell bedrohliche Situationen sollen dabei vor dem Eintreffen erkannt werden, um Fahrer und Fahrzeug entsprechend zu konditionieren. Das Vorhaben zielt konkret auf ein Echtzeit-Data-Mining von Fahrzeugdaten ab. Dabei wird Stream-Machine-Learning als möglicher Lösungsansatz verwendet, da große Datenmengen vorhanden sind und diese in Echtzeit ausgewertet werden müssen, um potentiell bedrohliche Situationen frühzeitig zu erkennen. Der klassische Batch-Learning-Ansatz ist dazu nicht geeignet, da jener alle Daten mit einmal verarbeiten will. Stream-Machine-Learning kombiniert das Konzept von Datenströmen mit dem Online-Lernen. Dadurch verwendet der Ansatz nur die im Stream empfangenden Daten und zudem lernt er während des Betriebs weiter. Nach jeder verarbeiteten Instanz ist es dem Algorithmus möglich ein Modell auszugeben bzw. das vorhandene Modell wird weiter trainiert. Ein selbstständiges Lernen wird ermöglicht. Für die Umsetzung ist eine Toolchain erstellt worden, die das Vorhaben mit vom Fahrzeug erzeugten und über die OBD2-Schnittstelle bereitgestellten Datensätzen simuliert darstellt. Dabei ist besonderes Augenmerk auf die Komptabilität zu in Fahrzeugen genutzten Betriebssysteme (Linux, Autosar [WaPa12]) gelegt, damit eine Migration gewährleistet wird. Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-9039 SP - 39 EP - 46 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bauer, Joachim A1 - Heinrich, Friedhelm A1 - Fursenko, Oksana A1 - Marschmeyer, Steffen A1 - Bluemich, Adrian A1 - Pulwer, Silvio A1 - Steglich, Patrick A1 - Villringer, Claus A1 - Mai, Andreas A1 - Schrader, Sigurd T1 - Very high aspect ratio through silicon via reflectometry T2 - Proceedings of SPIE N2 - Through Silicon Via (TSV) technology is a key feature of new 3D integration of circuits by creation of interconnections using vias, which go through the silicon wafer. Typically, the highly-selective Bosch Si etch process, characterized by a high etch rate and high aspect ratio and forming of scallops on the sidewalls is used. As presented in this paper, we have developed an experimental setup and a respective evaluation algorithm for the control and monitoring of very high aspect ratio TSV profiles by spectroscopic reflectometry. For this purpose square via arrays with lateral dimension from 3 to 10 μm were fabricated by a Bosch etch process and analyzed by our setup. By exploiting interference and diffraction effects of waves reflected from the top and bottom surfaces as well as from the side walls of the TSV patterns, the measurements provided etch depths, CD values and scallop periods. The results were compared with data obtained by a commercial wafer metrology tool. Aspect ratios of up to 35:1 were safely evaluable by our setup. Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-13758 SN - 1996-756X ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Villringer, Claus A1 - Gilani, Taravat Saeb A1 - Zhang, Edward A1 - Pulwer, Silvio A1 - Steglich, Patrick A1 - Schrader, Sigurd A1 - Laufer, Jan T1 - Development of tuneable Fabry-Pérot sensors for parallelised photoacoustic signal acquisition T2 - Proc. SPIE 10878, Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing 2019, 108780M (8 March 2019) N2 - Fabry-Pérot (FP) sensors have enabled high resolution 3D photoacoustic (PA) imaging in backward mode. However, raster-scanning of the interrogation laser beam across the sensor can result in slow 3D image acquisition. To overcome this limitation, parallelized PA signal acquisition can be used for which FP sensors with uniform optical thickness are required. In this work, the optical thickness is tuned a) irreversibly through the use of a photopolymer host matrix and b) actively using embedded electro-optic (EO) chromophores. Polymer spacers (5 μm) were deposited using spin coating and sandwiched between two dielectric mirrors and transparent ITO electrodes. The employed polymer guest-host system consists of an EO chromophore (2-methyl-4-nitroaniline) and poly(vinyl cinnamate). EO tuneability was induced using contact poling and a tuneability of 68 pm was demonstrated. The optical thickness was homogenised by raster scanning a UV beam whilst varying the exposure time across a 4 mm2 detection aperture. Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-13769 SN - 1996-756X ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gilani, Taravat Saeb A1 - Villringer, Claus A1 - Zhang, Edward A1 - Gundlach, H. A1 - Buchmann, Jens A1 - Schrader, Sigurd A1 - Laufer, Jan T1 - Parallelised photoacoustic signal acquisition using a Fabry-Perot sensor and a camera-based interrogation scheme N2 - Tomographic photoacoustic (PA) images acquired using a Fabry-Perot (FP) based scanner offer high resolution and image fidelity but can result in long acquisition times due to the need for raster scanning. To reduce the acquisition times, a parallelised camera-based PA signal detection scheme is developed. The scheme is based on using a sCMOScamera and FPI sensors with high homogeneity of optical thickness. PA signals were acquired using the camera-based setup and the signal to noise ratio (SNR) was measured. A comparison of the SNR of PA signal detected using 1) a photodiode in a conventional raster scanning detection scheme and 2) a sCMOS camera in parallelised detection scheme is made. The results show that the parallelised interrogation scheme has the potential to provide high speed PA imaging. KW - photoacoustic imaging KW - parallelised signal acquisition KW - Fabry-Perot polymer film sensor Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15335 SP - 217 EP - 222 PB - SPIE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Chepurna, Oksana A1 - Grebinyk, Anna A1 - Petrushko, Yulia A1 - Prylutska, Svitlana A1 - Grebinyk, Sergii A1 - Yashchuk, Valeriy A1 - Matyshevska, Olga A1 - Ritter, Uwe A1 - Dandekar, Thomas A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Qu, Junle A1 - Ohulchanskyy, Tymish Y. T1 - LED-based portable light source for photodynamic therapy N2 - Photodynamic therapy (PDT) employs light activation of tissue-localized photosensitizer in an oxygen-dependent process which initiates oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death. Laser systems, which are mostly used in PDT as light sources can be costly and oversized. light-emitting diodes (LEDs) equipment has a high potential to simplify technical part of phototriggered therapies and to reduce its costs. We develop the LED-based system that includes the control and irradiation units. The system provides the same power density at any irradiation point. Among the advantages of the device is a possibility to change the irradiation area and tune the irradiation dose. PDT experiments with cancer cells in vitro treated with two different photosensitizers demonstrated a possibility to use the developed LED-based system as a low-cost light source in PDT. KW - light source KW - high power single chip LED KW - photodynamic therapy Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-14778 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kagel, Heike A1 - Honselmann Genannt Humme, Julia A1 - Rosa, Edvaldo Antonio Ribeiro A1 - Turchiello, Rozane de Fátima A1 - Bezerra Junior, Arandi Ginane T1 - Plasmonic enhancement in the photoinactivation of Escherichia Coli using rose bengal and gold nanoparticles T2 - Proc. SPIE 9531, Biophotonics South America, 953138 (19 June 2015) N2 - In the present study we report on the ability of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) to enhance the antimicrobial activity of the photosensitizer Rose Bengal (RB), a very effective singlet oxygen generator. Our experiments were conducted using a suspension of Escherichia Coli in the presence of either RB or a combination of RB and AuNP. Nanoparticles were synthesized by laser ablation in water, which allows high purity, biologically friendly AuNP production, as compared to traditional chemical methods. Several relative concentrations of bacteria, photosensitizes and AuNP were studied. Bacterial survival rates were determined before and after LED light illumination. The phototoxicity of RB with and without AuNP was checked following illumination for 10 and 20 minutes. As a control, the dark toxicity of RB was verified. The results show that the survival rate of bacteria decreases significantly with the increase of RB concentration and illumination time, which is in accordance with previous works. Interestingly, our results also indicate a significant increase in the lethal photosensitization of RB in the presence of AuNP. We propose this effect is due to plasmonic light enhancement, considering the superposition of RB and AuNP absorption spectra, which favors electric field enhancement effects in the presence of AuNP. Similar experiments using the photosensitizer Methylene Blue (MB) allowed us to test our hypothesis for MB did not show any difference in its phototoxicity in the presence of AuNP. We propose this observed synergistic effect could be an effective way for improving photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms. Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-14828 SN - 1996-756X ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pulwer, Silvio A1 - Jahns, Daniel A1 - Villringer, Claus A1 - Schrader, Sigurd T1 - Dynamic pattern generation by singlemode fibers for endoscopic 3D measurement systems N2 - This work presents experimental and simulation results of a 3D measurement concept based on fiber-optic interference pattern generation. A demonstrator system which is able to adjust different optical and mechanical parameters is described. The results of parameter variation studies are discussed along with possible applications in the field of micro-optical 3D measurement systems like endoscopes. The experiments were prepared with different structures with various scattering properties. To implement that approach into a micro-optical 3D measurement system, the combination of distance variation between the fibers and a controlled phase shift introduced by a retarder can be used to design the system versatile. KW - endoscope KW - 3D measurement KW - phase shift KW - fiber Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15364 SP - 98 EP - 103 PB - SPIE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pulwer, Silvio A1 - Fiebelkorn, Richard A1 - Zesch, Christoph A1 - Steglich, Patrick A1 - Villringer, Claus A1 - Villasmunta, Francesco A1 - Gedat, Egbert A1 - Handrich, Jan A1 - Schrader, Sigurd A1 - Vandenhouten, Ralf T1 - Endoscopic orientation by multimodal data fusion T2 - Proc. SPIE 10931, MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems XVIII N2 - To improve the feasibility of endoscopic inspection processes we developed a system that provides online information about position, orientation and viewing direction of endoscopes, to support the analysis of endoscopic images and to ease the operational handling of the equipment. The setup is based on an industrial endoscope consisting of a camera, various MEMS and multimodal data fusion. The software contains algorithms for feature and geometric structure recognition as well as Kalman filters. To track the distal end of the endoscope and to generate 3D point cloud data in real time the optical and photometrical characteristics of the system are registered and the movement of the endoscope is reconstructed by using image processing techniques. KW - endoscope KW - orientation KW - Kalman filter KW - visual odometry KW - mems KW - gyroscope KW - accelerometer Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-11420 SN - 1996-756X ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pulwer, Silvio A1 - Steglich, Patrick A1 - Villringer, Claus A1 - Bauer, Joachim A1 - Burger, Martin A1 - Franz, M. A1 - Grieshober, K. A1 - Wirth, F. A1 - Blondeau, J. A1 - Rautenberg, J. A1 - Mouti, S. A1 - Schrader, Sigurd T1 - Triangulation-based 3D surveying borescope N2 - In this work, a measurement concept based on triangulation was developed for borescopic 3D-surveying of surface defects. The integration of such measurement system into a borescope environment requires excellent space utilization. The triangulation angle, the projected pattern, the numerical apertures of the optical system, and the viewing angle were calculated using partial coherence imaging and geometric optical raytracing methods. Additionally, optical aberrations and defocus were considered by the integration of Zernike polynomial coefficients. The measurement system is able to measure objects with a size of 50 μm in all dimensions with an accuracy of ± 5 μm. To manage the issue of a low depth of field while using an optical high resolution system, a wavelength dependent aperture was integrated. Thereby, we are able to control depth of field and resolution of the optical system and can use the borescope in measurement mode with high resolution and low depth of field or in inspection mode with low resolution and higher depth of field. First measurements of a demonstrator system are in good agreement with our simulations. KW - borescope KW - 3D measurement KW - triangulation KW - lens design KW - calibration KW - defect Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15307 SP - 51 EP - 56 PB - SPIE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pohle, Ulrike A1 - Baumann, Elisabeth A1 - Pulwer, Silvio A1 - Villringer, Claus A1 - Zhang, Edward A1 - Gerhardt, Holger A1 - Laufer, Jan T1 - Development of a backward-mode photoacoustic microscope using a Fabry-Pérot sensor N2 - Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has been shown to enable the acquisition of high resolution (μm) functional and anatomical images. For backward-mode operation, conventional piezoelectric ultrasound transducers need to be placed far away from the signal source due to their opacity and size. This can result in reduced acoustic sensitivity. Planar Fabry-Perot polymer film interferometer (FPI) sensors have the potential to overcome this limitation since they are transparent to the excitation wavelength, can be placed immediately adjacent to the signal source for high acoustic sensitivity, and offer a broadband frequency response (0 –50 MHz). In this study, we present a high frame rate, backward-mode OR-PAM system based on a planar FPI ultrasound sensor. A ns-pulsed laser provides excitation pulses (<200 nJ, maximum pulse repetition frequency = 200 kHz, 532 nm) to generate photoacoustic waves that are detected using a planar FPI sensor interrogated at 765-781 nm. For backwardmode operation and highest acoustic sensitivity, the excitation and interrogation beams are coaxially aligned and rasterscanned. The optical transfer function of the sensor, the spatial resolution and the detection sensitivity were determined to characterise the set-up. Images of a leaf phantom and first in vivo images of zebrafish larvae were acquired. This approach will enable fast 3D OR-PAM with high resolution and high sensitivity for functional and molecular imaging applications. FPI-based ultrasound detection also has the potential to enable dual-mode optical- and acousticresolution PAM and the integration of photoacoustic imaging with purely optical modalities such as multi-photon microscopy. KW - optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy KW - Fabry-Perot ultrasound sensor KW - in vivo imaging Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15349 SP - 594 EP - 598 PB - SPIE ER -