TY - JOUR A1 - Mai, Andreas A1 - Mai, Christian A1 - Steglich, Patrick T1 - From Lab-on-chip to Lab-in-App: Challenges towards silicon photonic biosensors product developments JF - Results in Optics N2 - This work presents and evaluates different approaches of integrated optical sensors based on photonic integrated circuit (PIC) technologies for refractive index sensing. Bottlenecks in the fabrication flow towards an applicable system are discussed that hinder a cost-effective mass-production for disposable sensor chips. As sensor device, a waveguide coupled micro-ring based approach is chosen which is manufactured in an 8” wafer level process. We will show that the co-integration with a reproducible, scalable and low-cost microfluidic interface is the main challenge which needs to be overcome for future application of silicon technology based PIC sensor chips. KW - silicon photonic sensor KW - integrated optical sensor KW - photonic integrated circuit KW - optical ring resonator KW - photonic biosensor KW - refractive index sensing KW - interchangeable sensor chip Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16687 SN - 2666-9501 VL - 9 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steglich, Patrick A1 - Schasfoort, Richard B. M. T1 - Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRi) and Photonic Integrated Circuits (PIC) for COVID-19 Severity Monitoring JF - COVID N2 - Direct optical detection methods such as surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) and photonic-integrated-circuits (PIC)-based biosensors provide a fast label-free detection of COVID-19 antibodies in real-time. Each technology, i.e., SPRi and PIC, has advantages and disadvantages in terms of throughput, miniaturization, multiplexing, system integration, and cost-effective mass production. However, both technologies share similarities in terms of sensing mechanism and both can be used as high-content diagnostics at or near to point of care, where the analyte is not just quantified but comprehensively characterized. This is significant because recent results suggest that not only the antibody concentration of the three isotypes IgM, IgG, and IgA but also the strength of binding (affinity) gives an indication of potential COVID-19 severity. COVID-19 patients with high titers of low affinity antibodies are associated with disease severity. In this perspective, we provide some insights into how SPR and PIC technologies can be effectively combined and complementarily used for a comprehensive COVID-19 severity monitoring. This opens a route toward an immediate therapy decision to provide patients a treatment in an early stage of the infection, which could drastically lowers the risk of a severe disease course. KW - COVID-19 KW - surface plasmon resonance KW - photonic integrated circuit KW - direct optical detection KW - COVID-19 antibody KW - COVID-19 severity KW - pandemic surveillance KW - immunity monitoring Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16004 SN - 2673-8112 VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - 389 EP - 397 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steglich, Patrick A1 - Lecci, Giulia A1 - Mai, Andreas T1 - Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Spectroscopy and Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC) Biosensors: A Comparative Review JF - Sensors N2 - Label-free direct-optical biosensors such as surface-plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy has become a gold standard in biochemical analytics in centralized laboratories. Biosensors based on photonic integrated circuits (PIC) are based on the same physical sensing mechanism: evanescent field sensing. PIC-based biosensors can play an important role in healthcare, especially for point-of-care diagnostics, if challenges for a transfer from research laboratory to industrial applications can be overcome. Research is at this threshold, which presents a great opportunity for innovative on-site analyses in the health and environmental sectors. A deeper understanding of the innovative PIC technology is possible by comparing it with the well-established SPR spectroscopy. In this work, we shortly introduce both technologies and reveal similarities and differences. Further, we review some latest advances and compare both technologies in terms of surface functionalization and sensor performance. KW - surface plasmon resonance KW - photonic integrated circuit KW - biosensor KW - surface functionalization KW - label-free detection Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16018 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 IS - 8 PB - MDPI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tannenberg, Robert A1 - Paul, Martin A1 - Fünning, Tabea A1 - Schumann, Christoph A1 - Weller, Michael G. A1 - Steglich, Patrick ED - Baldini, Francesco ED - Homola, Jiri ED - Lieberman, Robert A. T1 - Multichannel real-time detection of biomarkers with highly miniaturized photonic microchips T2 - Proceedings of SPIE : Optical Sensors 2025 N2 - The development of novel photonic integrated microchips (PIC) is a promising approach to allow for the convenient detection of key biomarkers in complex matrices through multichannel real-time analysis in a highly compact package. This study reports the successful development and application of a backside released CMOS chip designed for the multichannel real-time detection of biomarkers. Operating at the C-band at approx. 1550 nm, the microchip features three dedicated detection sensors in addition to a reference sensor, enabling simultaneous analysis of multiple biomarkers. The compact and highly miniaturized design of this microchip, with a footprint of just 1 mm², positions it as promising candidate for point-of-care diagnostics and personalized medicine applications. This technology opens a path to transform biomarker detection across various medical fields, offering rapid, reliable, and cost-effective diagnostic solutions. In conclusion, the presented multichannel photonic microchips signify a substantial leap forward in real-time biomarker detection, providing a highly capable platform for future research and clinical applications. KW - photonic biosensor KW - silicon photonics KW - photonic integrated circuit KW - immunosensor KW - biochemical sensor KW - optical biosensor KW - surface functionalization Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-20456 VL - 13527 PB - SPIE ER -