TY - JOUR A1 - Fernholz, Yannick A1 - Ermakova, Tatiana A1 - Fabian, Benjamin A1 - Buxmann, Peter T1 - User-driven prioritization of ethical principles for artificial intelligence systems JF - Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans N2 - Despite the progress of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its contribution to the advancement of human society, the prioritization of ethical principles from the viewpoint of its users has not yet received much attention and empirical investigations. This is important to develop appropriate safeguards and increase the acceptance of AI-mediated technologies among all members of society. In this research, we collected, integrated, and prioritized ethical principles for AI systems with respect to their relevance in different real-life application scenarios. First, an overview of ethical principles for AI was systematically derived from various academic and non-academic sources. Our results clearly show that transparency, justice and fairness, non-maleficence, responsibility, and privacy are most frequently mentioned in this corpus of documents. Next, an empirical survey to systematically identify users’ priorities was designed and conducted in the context of selected scenarios: AI-mediated recruitment (human resources), predictive policing, autonomous vehicles, and hospital robots. We anticipate that the resulting ranking can serve as a valuable basis for formulating requirements for AI-mediated solutions and creating AI algorithms that prioritize user’s needs. Our target audience includes everyone who will be affected by AI systems, e.g., policy makers, algorithm developers, and system managers as our ranking clearly depicts user’s awareness regarding AI ethics. KW - artificial intelligence KW - ethics KW - ethical guidelines KW - trustworthy AI KW - requirements prioritization Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-18509 SN - 2949-8821 VL - 2 IS - 1 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hamann, Lisa A1 - Luschnat, Kaya A1 - Niemuth, Stephanie A1 - Smolarz, Paulina A1 - Golombek, Svenja T1 - CSR in the Coffee Industry: Sustainability Issues at Nestlé-Nespresso and Starbucks JF - Journal of European Management & Public Affairs Studies N2 - The coffee sector’s active engagement with sustainability issues appears to be a relatively new phenomenon. Even newer is the necessity to deal with recycling and waste. Next to the waste produced by the “coffee to go” mobile drinking culture and coffee bars, the popularity of coffee capsules – i.e. single-use containers made of metal or plastics – is creating mountains of waste unknown to the traditional method of brewing coffee. The pioneer in this premium coffee sector has been Nespresso, a subsidiary and brand of the Swiss company Nestlé. Many other companies – from discount retailers to big-brand coffee shop chains like Starbucks – have copied Nespresso’s machine-and-capsule concept, adding to both the popularity and the waste problem. Next to the problem of waste production, coffee companies are addressing the problem of ethical sourcing. A key but by no means the only element is sourcing via “fair trade” schemes. Assuming that finding answers to these sustainability challenges can have a crucial impact on future sales, this article sets out to explore coffee companies’ sustainability programmes, using the examples of Nespresso and Starbucks. It finds that both firms engage in rather similar activities, but some critical differences can be identified. Both firms have a successful record in ethical sourcing. But neither has yet developed convincing waste solutions. Nespresso’s insistence on using aluminium for its capsules remains a critical issue. KW - aluminium KW - coffee KW - consumer KW - corporate social responsibility (CSR) KW - environment KW - ethics KW - Nestlé KW - Nespresso KW - recycling KW - most similar systems design (MSSD) KW - sourcing KW - Starbucks KW - sustainability KW - waste Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-3687 SN - 2199-1618 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 31 EP - 35 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aridov, Mikhail A1 - Becker, Vanessa A1 - Liu, Jiyue A1 - Werner, Anne T1 - CSR in the Textile Sector: European Fashion Firms and the Bangladesh Safety Accord JF - Journal of European Management & Public Affairs Studies N2 - The textile industry has long been criticized for irresponsible and dangerous labour conditions in its global supply chain, particularly in very poor Asian countries like Bangladesh. The April 2013 collapse of the Rana Plaza building in Bangladesh came to be a catalyst for reaching an agreement with international labour unions: the Bangladesh Safety Accord was created. This article analyses the Accord, the involvement of European fashion companies such as Primark, H&M and Inditex, the connection with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programmes, and the outlook for improved industry standards in manufacturing clothing. KW - apparel and garment industry KW - Asia KW - Bangladesh Safety Accord KW - Clean Clothes Campaign KW - consumer KW - corporate social responsibility (CSR) KW - ethics KW - fashion KW - health KW - International Labour Organisation (ILO) KW - labour condition KW - labour union KW - occupational safety KW - sourcing KW - textile industry Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-3670 SN - 2199-1618 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 23 EP - 30 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gaidos, Alexandra Theodora T1 - CSR boundaries in the pharmaceutical industry: Is outsourcing of clinical trials to developing countries really unethical? JF - Journal of European Management & Public Affairs Studies N2 - Does life have a different price according to the country where people are born? Should there be a customized definition of ethics in function of the country where clinical trials are being carried on? The actual international regulatory environment proves to be inadequate to guarantee a fair treatment of patients involved in drug trials around the world, a situation which is proven by the case of India. The incapacity of Indian national regulators to efficiently monitor trials and enforce the law, as well as the increasing use of outsourcing in clinical trials gives place to abuse of patients’ rights in the name of science or for corporate profits. The article aspires to make a modest contribution to this field by analyzing to what extent pharmaceutical companies are interested in perpetuating the diffuse area around the responsibility and ethics of drug trials in developing countries. Moreover, it offers suggestions as to how they can improve their CSR practices. KW - bioethics KW - clinical trial KW - contract research organization KW - drug trial KW - ethics KW - outsourcing KW - pharmaceutical industry Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-2903 SN - 2199-1618 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 27 EP - 32 ER -