<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>1250</id>
    <completedYear>2019</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>4</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Analysis of Thermomechanical Properties of Selected Class of Recycled Thermoplastic Materials Based on Their Applications</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Polypropylene and polystyrene are petroleum-based thermoplastics which are commonly used and disposed of in the environment after their service life, leading to environmental degradation. There is a need to recycle polypropylene and polystyrene, but the effect of recycling on thermo-mechanical properties is not well understood. This study aims to determine thermo-mechanical properties of the recycled polypropylene and recycled polystyrene and compare them with corresponding virgin polypropylene and newly produced polystyrene (general purpose polystyrene 1540 and high impact polystyrene 7240). The study was carried out by preparing bar-shaped samples of recycled polypropylene, recycled polystyrene, general purpose polystyrene 1540, and high impact polystyrene 7240 by compression molding using a hot press and thermally characterizing them to determine glass transition temperature and melting temperature using differential scanning calorimetry. The changes in Young&amp;rsquo;s modulus, tensile strength, hardness, and toughness due to recycling activities were determined at room temperature (24 °C), 40 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C. The thermo-mechanical properties of recycled polystyrene (PS) were found to be comparable to those of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) 7240. The study revealed that the hardness and toughness for the recycled polymers were higher than those of corresponding virgin polymers. On the other hand, tensile strength and Young's modulus for the recycled polymers were lower than those of the virgin polymers. Understanding the thermo-mechanical properties of the recycled polymers will contribute to more industrial applications hence increase the rate of recycling, resulting in a reduction in environmental pollution.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Recycling</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2313-4321</identifier>
    <identifier type="std-doi">10.3390/recycling4030033</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-12509</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2019-09-03T11:48:55+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.file">filename=php0PGOEX</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.checksum">a49fdd1c0bd263c2925a12f658a4dba8</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="SourceTitle">Momanyi, J.; Herzog, M.; Muchiri, P. Analysis of Thermomechanical Properties of Selected Class of Recycled Thermoplastic Materials Based on Their Applications. Recycling 2019, 4, 33.</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="DOI_VoR">https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling4030033</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Job Momanyi</author>
    <author>Michael Herzog</author>
    <author>Peter Muchiri</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>polymer</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>thermoplastic</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>thermo-mechanical property</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>recycled polypropylene</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>recycled polystyrene</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fachbereich Ingenieur- und Naturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="Import" number="import">Import</collection>
    <collection role="green_open_access" number="1">Gold Open Access</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Technische Hochschule Wildau</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-th-wildau/files/1250/recycling-04-00033.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1491</id>
    <completedYear>2021</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>12</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Determination of thermo-mechanical properties of recycled polyurethane from glycolysis polyol</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Polyurethane foam is one of the most versatile polymers widely used in the automotive industry. However, due to the rising amount of polyurethane foam waste in the environment, there is growing research attention focusing on circular economy solutions to closing the material loop. This study aimed to determine the possible changes in thermo-mechanical properties between rigid polyurethane prepared using polyols derived from depolymerization of commercial polyurethane foam with benchmark rigid polyurethane (Ben PU). Polyurethane foams containing dispersion polyol were reacted with dipropylene glycol (DPG) and diethylene glycol (DEG) with a ratio of DPG: DEG of 1:1 in the presence of a consumable catalyst (Di-n-butyl amine). The recovered polyol was used as a raw material replacing 100% benchmark rigid polyurethane petroleum-based polyester polyol to produce the recycled polyurethane (Rec PU). Thermal analysis was conducted to measure the recycled polyurethane's glass transition temperatures (Tg) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Tensile strength, elastic modulus, toughness, and hardness test of the recycled polyurethane were conducted under three different temperatures; 24°C, 40°C, and 60°C. From the DSC results, the glass transition temperatures for the recycled and the benchmark rigid polyurethane occurred at 43°C and 50.4°C, respectively. Both polymers showed the brittle-ductile transition from 24°C to 40°C. Tensile strength for recycled polyurethane was lower than that of benchmark rigid polyurethane by 29-43% and a corresponding 24-50% decrease in elastic modulus. Recycled polyurethane recorded lower toughness than petroleum-based pure polyurethane by 13-16%. However, the recycled polymer recorded high shored D values than the benchmark rigid polyurethane by 9-29%. This study reveals that recycled polyol could be used as feedstock for polyurethane production with applications tailored to its mechanical properties.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Scientific African</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2468-2276</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-14911</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2021-09-09T12:50:48+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.file">filename=phpsTnplO</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.checksum">0bed7a098ae3da6d14322aa9cc43a3a5</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="DOI_VoR">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00755</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="SourceTitle">Njuguna, J. K., Muchiri, P., Karuri, N. W., Herzog, M., Dimitrov, K., &amp; Mwema, F. M. (2021). Determination of thermo-mechanical properties of recycled polyurethane from glycolysis polyol. Scientific African, 12, e00755. doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00755</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>James K. Njuguna</author>
    <author>Peter Muchiri</author>
    <author>Fredrick M. Mwema</author>
    <author>Nancy W. Karuri</author>
    <author>Michael Herzog</author>
    <author>Kiril Dimitrov</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>polyurethane foam</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>recycling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>glycolysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>rigid polyurethane</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>thermo-mechanical property</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>circular economy</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fachbereich Ingenieur- und Naturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="Import" number="import">Import</collection>
    <collection role="green_open_access" number="1">Gold Open Access</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Technische Hochschule Wildau</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-th-wildau/files/1491/1-s2.0-S2468227621000594-main.pdf</file>
  </doc>
</export-example>
