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  <doc>
    <id>285</id>
    <completedYear>2014</completedYear>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>47</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>60</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>1</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Shale Gas U-Turns in Bulgaria and Romania: The Turbulent Politics of Energy and Protest</title>
    <abstract language="eng">After France, Bulgaria became the second EU country to enact an open-ended ban on hydraulic fracturing in early 2012. This government action was a radical departure from an initially friendly, even enthusiastic stance on unconventional gas development. It resulted in months of unprecedented, broad political pro-test from environmental groups and local communities. The conflict was interpreted as one involving old questions about Bulgaria’s orientation toward Russia or the West. In neighbouring Romania, Bulgaria’s U-turn on shale gas energized a protest movement which had been relatively weak. In a turbulent election-year context, political leaders scrambled to deal with highly symbolic issues. A new government introduced a moratorium but ended it less than a year later. Another U-turn in public policy happened. Romania parted from Bulgaria’s example and set out to move forward on shale gas, aiding foreign investors. Massive protests against the policy and the investors surged, en-circling the drilling operations. In both countries, public mistrust in institutions, environmental regulations and due process of law is a significant factor of political risk for energy companies.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of European Management &amp; Public Affairs Studies</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-2859</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2199-1618</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.15771/2199-1618_2014_1_2_7</identifier>
    <enrichment key="review.accepted_by">2</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY 3.0 DE - Namensnennung 3.0 Deutschland</licence>
    <author>Simon Devey</author>
    <author>Viktor Goussev</author>
    <author>Bianca Schwarzenburg</author>
    <author>Marco Althaus</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bulgaria</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Chevron</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>civil society</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>communication</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>energy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>energy policy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>environment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>fracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>hydraulic fracturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>moratorium</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nabucco</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>natural gas</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>pipeline</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>political risk</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>protest</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gazprom</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Romania</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Russia</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>shale gas</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>South Stream</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>unconventional gas</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>USA</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="330">Wirtschaft</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fachbereich Betriebswirtschaft / Wirtschaftsinformatik (bis 8/2014)</collection>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="green_open_access" number="3">Diamond Open Access</collection>
    <collection role="Kollektionen" number="">Journal of European management &amp; public affairs studies</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Technische Hochschule Wildau</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-th-wildau/files/285/36-157-1-PB.pdf</file>
  </doc>
</export-example>
