@article{PfeilNechyporenkoFrohmeetal.2022, author = {Pfeil, Juliane and Nechyporenko, Alina and Frohme, Marcus and Hufert, Frank T. and Schulze, Katja}, title = {Examination of blood samples using deep learning and mobile microscopy}, series = {BMC Bioinformatics}, volume = {23}, journal = {BMC Bioinformatics}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, issn = {1471-2105}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15802}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Microscopic examination of human blood samples is an excellent opportunity to assess general health status and diagnose diseases. Conventional blood tests are performed in medical laboratories by specialized professionals and are time and labor intensive. The development of a point-of-care system based on a mobile microscope and powerful algorithms would be beneficial for providing care directly at the patient's bedside. For this purpose human blood samples were visualized using a low-cost mobile microscope, an ocular camera and a smartphone. Training and optimisation of different deep learning methods for instance segmentation are used to detect and count the different blood cells. The accuracy of the results is assessed using quantitative and qualitative evaluation standards.}, language = {en} } @article{HeinsohnNiedlAnielskietal.2022, author = {Heinsohn, Natascha Katharina and Niedl, Robert Raimund and Anielski, Alexander and Lisdat, Fred and Beta, Carsten}, title = {Electrophoretic µPAD for Purification and Analysis of DNA Samples}, series = {Biosensors}, volume = {12}, journal = {Biosensors}, number = {2}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2079-6374}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-15763}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In this work, the fabrication and characterization of a simple, inexpensive, and effective microfluidic paper analytic device (µPAD) for monitoring DNA samples is reported. The glass microfiber-based chip has been fabricated by a new wax-based transfer-printing technique and an electrode printing process. It is capable of moving DNA effectively in a time-dependent fashion. The nucleic acid sample is not damaged by this process and is accumulated in front of the anode, but not directly on the electrode. Thus, further DNA processing is feasible. The system allows the DNA to be purified by separating it from other components in sample mixtures such as proteins. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that DNA can be moved through several layers of the glass fiber material. This proof of concept will provide the basis for the development of rapid test systems, e.g., for the detection of pathogens in water samples.}, language = {en} } @article{PraiaHerkenhoffBroedeletal.2022, author = {Praia, Ana Beatriz and Herkenhoff, Marcos Edgar and Br{\"o}del, Oliver and Frohme, Marcus and Saad, Susana Marta Isay}, title = {Sour Beer with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei F19: Feasibility and Influence of Supplementation with Spondias mombin L. Juice and/or By-Product}, series = {Foods}, volume = {11}, journal = {Foods}, number = {24}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2304-8158}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16852}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic strain Lacticaseibacillus (L.) paracasei subsp. paracasei F19 (F19) with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae US-05 (US-05), using Spondias mombin L. ('tapereb{\´a}' or 'caj{\´a}') juice and by-product, in four sour-type beer formulations: control, with bagasse, juice, and juice and bagasse. The viability of F19 was evaluated by pour-plating and PMA-qPCR. Fermentability, in addition to physicochemical and sensory parameters, and aroma and flavor, were evaluated during brewery by using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). F19 was successful in fermenting bagasse in a MRS medium (9.28 log CFU/mL in 24 h) but had a low viability in hopped wort, growing better in formulations without bagasse or juice. No difference between formulations was observed regarding sensory acceptability, and the HS-SPME/GC-MS revealed different flavors and aroma compounds. In conclusion, the production of a potential probiotic sour beer with F19 and US-05 is feasible regarding probiotic viability. However, S. mombin, as juice or bagasse, threatened probiotic survival. Different flavors and aroma compounds were detected, whereas no difference between formulations was found regarding sensory acceptability. The moderate alcohol content achieved is important for bacterial survival and for the development of a probiotic beer with health claims.}, language = {en} } @article{AmroMoskalenkoHamarshehetal.2022, author = {Amro, Ahmad and Moskalenko, Olga and Hamarsheh, Omar and Frohme, Marcus}, title = {Spatiotemporal analysis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Palestine and foresight study by projections modelling until 2060 based on climate change prediction}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {17}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {6}, publisher = {Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, issn = {1932-6203}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16166}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne parasitic diseases of public health importance that is prevalent in the West Bank but not in the Gaza Strip. The disease caused by parasitic protozoans from the genus Leishmania and it is transmitted by infected phlebotomine sand flies. The aim of our study is to investigate the eco-epidemiological parameters and spatiotemporal projections of CL in Palestine over a 30-years period from 1990 through 2020 and to explore future projections until 2060. Methodology/Principal findings This long-term descriptive epidemiological study includes investigation of demographic characteristics of reported patients by the Palestinian Ministry of Health (PMoH). Moreover, we explored spatiotemporal distribution of CL including future projection based on climate change scenarios. The number of CL patients reported during this period was 5855 cases, and the average annual incidence rate (AAIR) was 18.5 cases/105 population. The male to female ratio was 1.25:1. Patients-age ranged from 2 months to 89 years (mean = 22.5, std 18.67, and the median was 18 years). More than 65\% of the cases came from three governates in the West Bank; Jenin 29\% (1617 cases), Jericho 25\% (1403), and Tubas 12\% (658) with no cases reported in the Gaza Strip. Seasonal occurrence of CL starts to increase in December and peaked during March and April of the following year. Current distribution of CL indicate that Jericho, Tubas, Jenin and Nablus have the most suitable climatic settings for the sandfly vectors. Future projections until 2060 suggest an increasing incidence from northwest of Jenin down to the southwest of Ramallah, disappearance of the foci in Jericho and Tubas throughout the Jordan Vally, and possible emergence of new foci in Gaza Strip. Conclusions/Significance The future projection of CL in Palestine until 2060 show a tendency of increasing incidence in the north western parts of the West Bank, disappearance from Jericho and Tubas throughout the Jordan Vally, and emergence of new CL endemic foci in the Gaza Strip. These results should be considered to implement effective control and surveillance systems to counteract spatial expansion of CL vectors.}, language = {en} } @article{GrebinykPrylutskaGrebinyketal.2022, author = {Grebinyk, Anna and Prylutska, Svitlana and Grebinyk, Sergii and Ponomarenko, Stanislav and Virych, Pavlo and Chumachenko, Vasyl and Kutsevol, Nataliya and Prylutskyy, Yuriy and Ritter, Uwe and Frohme, Marcus}, title = {Drug delivery with a pH-sensitive star-like dextran-graft polyacrylamide copolymer}, series = {Nanoscale Advances}, volume = {4}, journal = {Nanoscale Advances}, number = {23}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16749}, pages = {5077 -- 5088}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The development of precision cancer medicine relies on novel formulation strategies for targeted drug delivery to increase the therapeutic outcome. Biocompatible polymer nanoparticles, namely dextran-graft-polyacrylamide (D-g-PAA) copolymers, represent one of the innovative non-invasive approaches for drug delivery applications in cancer therapy. In this study, the star-like D-g-PAA copolymer in anionic form (D-g-PAAan) was developed for pH-triggered targeted drug delivery of the common chemotherapeutic drugs - doxorubicin (Dox) and cisplatin (Cis). The initial D-g-PAA copolymer was synthesized by the radical graft polymerization method, and then alkaline-hydrolyzed to get this polymer in anionic form for further use for drug encapsulation. The acidification of the buffer promoted the release of loaded drugs. D-g-PAAan nanoparticles increased the toxic potential of the drugs against human and mouse lung carcinoma cells (A549 and LLC), but not against normal human lung cells (HEL299). The drug-loaded D-g-PAAan-nanoparticles promoted further oxidative stress and apoptosis induction in LLC cells. D-g-PAAan-nanoparticles improved Dox accumulation and drugs' toxicity in a 3D LLC multi-cellular spheroid model. The data obtained indicate that the strategy of chemotherapeutic drug encapsulation within the branched D-g-PAAan nanoparticle allows not only to realize pH-triggered drug release but also to potentiate its cytotoxic, prooxidant and proapoptotic effects against lung carcinoma cells.}, language = {en} } @article{ChumachenkoButkevychLodeetal.2022, author = {Chumachenko, Dmytro and Butkevych, Mykola and Lode, Daniel and Frohme, Marcus and Schmailzl, Kurt J. G. and Nechyporenko, Alina}, title = {Machine Learning Methods in Predicting Patients with Suspected Myocardial Infarction Based on Short-Time HRV Data}, series = {Sensors}, volume = {22}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {18}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {1424-8220}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-16521}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases is an urgent task because they are the main cause of death for 32\% of the world's population. Particularly relevant are automated diagnostics using machine learning methods in the digitalization of healthcare and introduction of personalized medicine in healthcare institutions, including at the individual level when designing smart houses. Therefore, this study aims to analyze short 10-s electrocardiogram measurements taken from 12 leads. In addition, the task is to classify patients with suspected myocardial infarction using machine learning methods. We have developed four models based on the k-nearest neighbor classifier, radial basis function, decision tree, and random forest to do this. An analysis of time parameters showed that the most significant parameters for diagnosing myocardial infraction are SDNN, BPM, and IBI. An experimental investigation was conducted on the data of the open PTB-XL dataset for patients with suspected myocardial infarction. The results showed that, according to the parameters of the short ECG, it is possible to classify patients with a suspected myocardial infraction as sick and healthy with high accuracy. The optimized Random Forest model showed the best performance with an accuracy of 99.63\%, and a root mean absolute error is less than 0.004. The proposed novel approach can be used for patients who do not have other indicators of heart attacks.}, language = {en} }