@article{NaumannPhilippi2014, author = {Naumann, Marc and Philippi, Anne}, title = {ExxonMobil in Europe's Shale Gas Fields: Quitting Early or Fighting It Out?}, series = {Journal of European Management \& Public Affairs Studies}, volume = {1}, journal = {Journal of European Management \& Public Affairs Studies}, number = {2}, issn = {2199-1618}, doi = {10.15771/2199-1618_2014_1_2_5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-2816}, pages = {31 -- 38}, year = {2014}, abstract = {This article focuses on the oil and gas supermajor, ExxonMobil, and its business in the unconventional gas field in Europe. The purpose was to investigate whether and how ExxonMobil runs its natural gas operations differently among European countries and possible reasons for divergent strategies. After a brief introduction of the firm, ExxonMobil's approach in Europe in general will be discussed. Two countries are in focus: Poland and Germany. The key finding is that the firm indeed has shown different approaches and strategies. In Poland, ExxonMobil faced a supportive, positive environment but quit quickly when its small investment resulted only in disappointing results. The firm, however, was a newcomer which had not much to lose. In contrast, its German unconventional gas operations are connected to broad conventional activities and are being defended by an extensive effort to win back public support.}, language = {en} } @article{BeckerWerner2014, author = {Becker, Vanessa and Werner, Anne}, title = {One Step Forward, One Step Back: Shale Gas in Denmark and Sweden}, series = {Journal of European Management \& Public Affairs Studies}, volume = {1}, journal = {Journal of European Management \& Public Affairs Studies}, number = {2}, issn = {2199-1618}, doi = {10.15771/2199-1618_2014_1_2_4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-2847}, pages = {23 -- 30}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Denmark and Sweden take two-fold positions on the question whether shale gas should be developed. At first sight, it appears the governments are supportive by licencing exploration to domestic and foreign companies. However, Denmark has suspended issuance of new licenses as doubts of extraction activities have risen. Sweden was forced to give landowners and municipalities a say in decision-making, and there is a larger context of mining minerals policy controversy. Even though both countries only have exploration activities at the moment, and the economic promise is yet unclear, public awareness and attention are increasing and cause difficulties for governments and industry to proceed without open discussions and debates. Scandinavia's green image is at stake as the new fossil fuel opportunities are in conflict with the ambitious goals for renewable energy development. Both countries now have to prioritise energy self-sufficiency and industrial economics versus ecological consciousness.}, language = {en} }