@article{BondarenkoHuelsemannMaietal.2021, author = {Bondarenko, Siegfried and H{\"u}lsemann, Marcel and Mai, Andreas and Steglich, Patrick}, title = {Fiber-to-chip light coupling using a graded-index lensed fiber collimator}, series = {Optical Engineering}, volume = {60}, journal = {Optical Engineering}, number = {1}, publisher = {SPIE}, issn = {1560-2303}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-13749}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Fiber-to-chip light coupling using a graded-index (GRIN) fiber collimator is investigated. Our experiments with grating couplers and strip waveguides fabricated in a photonic integrated circuit technology reveal that the peak coupling efficiency of a GRIN fiber collimator is 7.8 dB lower than that of a single-mode fiber. However, the 3-dB alignment tolerance is improved by a factor of about 5.7 giving rise to pluggable sensor solutions. This work opens a path toward a cost-effective and portable sensor platform based on pluggable photonic biosensors using GRIN fiber collimators.}, language = {en} } @article{SteglichMaiVillringeretal.2021, author = {Steglich, Patrick and Mai, Christian and Villringer, Claus and Dietzel, Birgit and Bondarenko, Siegfried and Ksianzou, Viachaslau and Villasmunta, Francesco and Zesch, Christoph and Pulwer, Silvio and Burger, Martin and Bauer, Joachim and Heinrich, Friedhelm and Schrader, Sigurd and Vitale, Francesco and De Matteis, Fabio and Prosposito, Paolo and Casalboni, Mauro and Mai, Andreas}, title = {Silicon-organic hybrid photonics: an overview of recent advances, electro-optical effects and CMOS integration concepts}, series = {Journal of Physics: Photonics}, volume = {3}, journal = {Journal of Physics: Photonics}, number = {2}, issn = {2515-7647}, doi = {10.1088/2515-7647/abd7cf}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-13882}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In recent decades, much research effort has been invested in the development of photonic integrated circuits, and silicon-on-insulator technology has been established as a reliable platform for highly scalable silicon-based electro-optical modulators. However, the performance of such devices is restricted by the inherent material properties of silicon. An approach to overcoming these deficiencies is to integrate organic materials with exceptionally high optical nonlinearities into a silicon-on-insulator photonic platform. Silicon-organic hybrid photonics has been shown to overcome the drawbacks of silicon-based modulators in terms of operating speed, bandwidth, and energy consumption. This work reviews recent advances in silicon-organic hybrid photonics and covers the latest improvements to single components and device concepts. Special emphasis is given to the in-device performance of novel electro-optical polymers and the use of different electro-optical effects, such as the linear and quadratic electro-optical effect, as well as the electric-field-induced linear electro-optical effect. Finally, the inherent challenges of implementing non-linear optical polymers on a silicon photonic platform are discussed and a perspective for future directions is given.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SteglichPaulMaietal.2021, author = {Steglich, Patrick and Paul, Martin and Mai, Christian and B{\"o}hme, Andrea and Bondarenko, Siegfried and Weller, Michael G. and Mai, Andreas}, title = {A monolithically integrated micro fluidic channel in a silicon-based photonic-integrated-circuit technology for biochemical sensing}, series = {Proc. SPIE 11772, Optical Sensors 2021}, booktitle = {Proc. SPIE 11772, Optical Sensors 2021}, doi = {10.1117/12.2588791}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-13925}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In this work, a cost-effective optofluidic system is propossed and preliminary experimental results are presented. A microfluidic channel monolithically integrated into a photonic integrated circuit technology is used in conjunc- tion with a cyclo-olefin copolymer (COC) substrate to provide fluidic in- and output ports. We report on initial experimental results as well as on the simple and cost-effective fabrication of this optofluidic system by means of micro-milling.}, language = {en} } @article{SteglichBondarenkoMaietal.2020, author = {Steglich, Patrick and Bondarenko, Siegfried and Mai, Christian and Paul, Martin and Weller, Michael G. and Mai, Andreas}, title = {CMOS-Compatible Silicon Photonic Sensor for Refractive Index Sensing Using Local Back-Side Release}, series = {IEEE Photonics Technology Letters}, volume = {32}, journal = {IEEE Photonics Technology Letters}, number = {19}, issn = {1941-0174}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-13649}, pages = {1241 -- 1244}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Silicon photonic sensors are promising candidates for lab-on-a-chip solutions with versatile applications and scalable production prospects using complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication methods. However, the widespread use has been hindered because the sensing area adjoins optical and electrical components making packaging and sensor handling challenging. In this work, a local back-side release of the photonic sensor is employed, enabling a separation of the sensing area from the rest of the chip. This approach allows preserving the compatibility of photonic integrated circuits in the front-end of line and metal interconnects in the back-end of line. The sensor is based on a micro-ring resonator and is fabricated on wafer-level using a CMOS technology. We revealed a ring resonator sensitivity for homogeneous sensing of 106 nm/RIU.}, language = {en} } @article{BondarenkoVillringerSteglich2019, author = {Bondarenko, Siegfried and Villringer, Claus and Steglich, Patrick}, title = {Comparative Study of Nano-Slot Silicon Waveguides Covered by Dye Doped and Undoped Polymer Cladding}, series = {Applied Sciences}, volume = {9}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, number = {1}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2076-3417}, doi = {10.3390/app9010089}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-10716}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Nonlinear optical dyes doped in optical polymer matrices are widely used for electro-optical devices. Linear optical properties change with dye concentration, which leads to a change in modal properties, especially in nano-structured integrated waveguides such as silicon slot-waveguides. Here, we investigate the influence of a nonlinear optical dye on the performance of a silicon-organic hybrid slot-waveguide. A simulation study of the modal and optical confinement properties is carried out and dependence of the structural parameters of the slot-waveguide and the organic cladding material is taken into account. As cladding material, a guest-host polymer system is employed comprising the nonlinear optical dye Disperse Red 1 (DR1) doped in a poly[methyl methacrylate] (PMMA) matrix. The refractive indices of doped and undoped PMMA were deduced from ellipsometric data. We present a guideline for an optimized slot-waveguide design for the fabrication in silicon-on-insulator technology giving rise to scalable, high-performance integrated electro-optical modulators.}, language = {en} }