@article{EngelsSchlegelJacobsetal.2021, author = {Engels, Andreas and Schlegel, Volker and Jacobs, Hannes and Großelindemann, Niklas and Morshed, Md. Niaz and Stenglein, Antonia Sigrid and Bonaiuto, Vincenzo and Foitzik, Andreas}, title = {3d Printer Heads for Extrusion of Biologicals Gels}, series = {Materials Science Forum}, volume = {1016}, journal = {Materials Science Forum}, publisher = {Trans Tech Publications}, issn = {0255-5476}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-18773}, pages = {435 -- 439}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Processing biological materials with 3-dimensional (3D) printers has attracted increasing interest in several research areas. At the same time, off-the-shelf solutions are increasingly available in a wider variety to meet the current market demand. However, most of the available bioprinters are closed source, thus, modifications are quite challenging or require an avoidable consultation process with the manufacturer. Furthermore, the entry prices for basic machines amount to several thousands of euros. Whereas, high-end 3D bio printers with a vast array of features are available for several hundred thousand euros. Due to the immense potential of this tool in the field of biotechnology it is important to extend the availability of this technology for research purposes in terms of adaptability and price. This ongoing work focuses on open-source 3D printer heads with the ability to extrude biological materials. The print heads include several techniques to process low as well as high viscose biomaterials such as agar and gelatin. Additionally, obstacles such as continuous substrate tempering or integration into existing 3D printers are addressed. The work presented is open source and thus freely adaptable to any user's specific needs. Our goal is to process a diverse range of biomaterials with different print techniques.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HauschultzFriedoJacobsetal.2022, author = {Hauschultz, Mike Thomas and Friedo, Maria Helene and Jacobs, Hannes and Lafta, Mohammad and Engels, Andreas and Foitzik, Andreas}, title = {Low-cost Pipettierroboter auf Basis einer Portalfr{\"a}se}, series = {Open Conference Proceedings}, volume = {2}, booktitle = {Open Conference Proceedings}, publisher = {TIB Open Publishing}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-17649}, pages = {187 -- 191}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Zur Herstellung von langfristig stabilen Metall-Kautschuk-Verbunden sind chemische Haftvermittler notwendig. Nach Auftrag dieser wird Kautschuk mittels Gummispritzgießen auf die metallischen Grundk{\"o}rper aufgebracht. In Klein- und Kleinstserien kann der Haftvermittler in pr{\"a}zisen Volumina h{\"a}ndisch mit Hilfe eines Fluid-Dispensers aufgetragen werden. Allerdings verhindert dies eine Homogenit{\"a}t und Gleichheit der Schichtdicke, wodurch die Zuverl{\"a}ssigkeit und St{\"a}rke der Haftung variieren k{\"o}nnen. Als technische L{\"o}sung wurde ein Pipettierroboter avisiert. Mit Hilfe mehrerer mechanischer und elektrischer Adaptionen - so auch einer neuen Steuerungstechnik - wurden verschiedene Fluid-Dispenser auf 3-Achs-Portalfr{\"a}sen integriert. Somit konnte die volle Funktionsf{\"a}higkeit erreicht werden.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{FriedoHauschultzJacobsetal.2022, author = {Friedo, Maria Helene and Hauschultz, Mike Thomas and Jacobs, Hannes and Lafta, Mohammad and Engels, Andreas and Foitzik, Andreas}, title = {Steuerungstechnik f{\"u}r das Auftragen von fluiden Haftvermittlern}, series = {Open Conference Proceedings}, volume = {2}, booktitle = {Open Conference Proceedings}, publisher = {TIB Open Publishing}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-17670}, pages = {217 -- 219}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The goal of this project was to enable an automated solution for the application of bonding agents to metallic bodies in the nanoliter range. For the automated application of adhesion promoters, a new control unit based on a mainboard for controlling 3D printers was used, with Marlin serving as the firmware. Adaptations were necessary in the area of motor currents, speeds, acceleration, sensitivity, print bed size and selection of mainboard and display. For the traverse paths, G-code was generated using a program in Python. For homogeneous and uniform wetting, the individual objects to be wetted are approached and the pipetting process is controlled. It was possible to establish the complete functionality.}, language = {de} } @article{EngelsSpeckSchlegeletal.2026, author = {Engels, Andreas and Speck, Sandy and Schlegel, Volker and Jacobs, Hannes and Krenz-Baath, Ren{\´e} and B{\"o}hme, Andrea}, title = {Substrate Tubing Heater Suitable for Large Volume 3D Printing with Extrusion of Thermo-Reversible Hydrogels}, series = {Key Engineering Materials}, volume = {1038}, journal = {Key Engineering Materials}, publisher = {Trans Tech Publications}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-21092}, pages = {25 -- 30}, year = {2026}, abstract = {The advancement of 3-dimensional printing technology over the past ten years has raised interest in and accessibility to these devices. Due to its consistent growth and demand, 3D printing is becoming a consumer-friendly, reasonably priced craft. Due to technological advancements, it is becoming increasingly integrated into broader fields of science and research, as well as the manufacturing sector. The need for customized solutions is constantly growing across several industries. The 3D extrusion of hydrogels is advancing in the field of biomaterials with a broad spectrum of biomedical applications. Hydrogel extrusion prints heads often use stepper motors or pneumatic pressure systems to push the substrate onto a surface. These techniques are well-suited for materials with high viscosity. While these systems are usually bound to the syringe volume, a refillable reservoir enables them to print above the syringe's limitations. We developed a low-cost standalone heating system for flexible tubes to control the temperature, hence avoiding jellification and clogging of the tubing system leading to the nozzle of the print head. The system connects to an in-house made peristaltic pump, which forces the e.g. gelatin through the nozzle with low pulsation, enabling us to extrude multiple layers of precise tempered gelatin. The heating system is based on easily available materials and electronic components and does not require expensive tools.}, language = {en} }