@article{ReunerHengherrMalietal.2010, author = {Reuner, Andy and Hengherr, Steffen and Mali, Brahim and F{\"o}rster, Frank and Arndt, Detlev and Reinhardt, Richard and Dandekar, Thomas and Frohme, Marcus and Br{\"u}mmer, Franz and Schill, Ralph O.}, title = {Stress response in tardigrades: differential gene expression of molecular chaperones}, series = {Cell Stress and Chaperones}, volume = {15}, journal = {Cell Stress and Chaperones}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-19994}, pages = {423 -- 430}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Semi-terrestrial tardigrades exhibit a remarkable tolerance to desiccation by entering a state called anhydrobiosis. In this state, they show a strong resistance against several kinds of physical extremes. Because of the probable importance of stress proteins during the phases of dehydration and rehydration, the relative abundance of transcripts coding for two α-crystallin heat-shock proteins (Mt-sHsp17.2 and Mt-sHsp19.5), as well for the heat-shock proteins Mt-sHsp10, Mt-Hsp60, Mt-Hsp70 and Mt-Hsp90, were analysed in active and anhydrobiotic tardigrades of the species Milnesium tardigradum. They were also analysed in the transitional stage (I) of dehydration, the transitional stage (II) of rehydration and in heat-shocked specimens. A variable pattern of expression was detected, with most candidates being downregulated. Gene transcripts of one Mt-hsp70 isoform in the transitional stage I and Mt-hsp90 in the anhydrobiotic stage were significantly upregulated. A high gene expression (778.6-fold) was found for the small α-crystallin heat-shock protein gene Mt-sHsp17.2 after heat shock. We discuss the limited role of the stress-gene expression in the transitional stages between the active and anhydrobiotic tardigrades and other mechanisms which allow tardigrades to survive desiccation.}, language = {en} } @misc{MaliGrohmeWełniczetal.2008, author = {Mali, Brahim and Grohme, Markus and Wełnicz, Weronika and Dandekar, Thomas and Schn{\"o}lzer, Martina and Reuter, Dirk and Schill, Ralph O. and Frohme, Marcus}, title = {Genomic Analyses of Cryptobiotic Tardigrades}, series = {Wissenschaftliche Beitr{\"a}ge 2008}, volume = {13}, journal = {Wissenschaftliche Beitr{\"a}ge 2008}, issn = {0949-8214}, doi = {10.15771/0949-8214_2008_1_5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus-672}, pages = {35 -- 39}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Genomics technologies, especially transcriptional profiling, allows comparisons of gene expression within and across different organisms. By the use of the model group Tardigrada, also known as water bear, we try to understand the phenomenon of cryptobiosis. The dry organisms can survive for years without water. When re-exposed to water, the animals rehydrate and come back to life. The expression of genes in response to dehydratation and rehydratation is being examined in our laboratory through the generation of expressed sequence tags (ESTs), representational difference analysis (RDA) and subsequent microarray analysis. Molecular dissection of this complex phenomenom, including gene regulation, will allow the development of techniques for preservation and stabilisation of biological materials in a dried state.}, language = {en} } @article{SchokraieHotzWagenblattWarnkenetal.2010, author = {Schokraie, Elham and Hotz-Wagenblatt, Agnes and Warnken, Uwe and Mali, Brahim and Frohme, Marcus and F{\"o}rster, Frank and Dandekar, Thomas and Hengherr, Steffen and Schill, Ralph O. and Schn{\"o}lzer, Martina}, title = {Proteomic Analysis of Tardigrades: Towards a Better Understanding of Molecular Mechanisms by Anhydrobiotic Organisms}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {5}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {3}, issn = {1932-6203}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6214}, pages = {37}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Tardigrades are small, multicellular invertebrates which are able to survive times of unfavourable environmental conditions using their well-known capability to undergo cryptobiosis at any stage of their life cycle. Milnesium tardigradum has become a powerful model system for the analysis of cryptobiosis. While some genetic information is already available for Milnesium tardigradum the proteome is still to be discovered.}, language = {en} } @article{FoersterBeisserGrohmeetal.2012, author = {F{\"o}rster, Frank and Beisser, Daniela and Grohme, Markus and Liang, Chunguang and Mali, Brahim and Siegl, Alexander Matthias and Engelmann, Julia C. and Shkumatov, Alexander and Schokraie, Elham and M{\"u}ller, Tobias and Schn{\"o}lzer, Martina and Schill, Ralph O. and Frohme, Marcus and Dandekar, Thomas}, title = {Transcriptome Analysis in Tardigrade Species Reveals Specific Molecular Pathways for Stress Adaptations}, series = {Bioinformatics and Biology Insights}, volume = {2012}, journal = {Bioinformatics and Biology Insights}, number = {6}, issn = {1177-9322}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6153}, pages = {69 -- 96}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Tardigrades have unique stress-adaptations that allow them to survive extremes of cold, heat, radiation and vacuum. To study this, encoded protein clusters and pathways from an ongoing transcriptome study on the tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum were analyzed using bioinformatics tools and compared to expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from Hypsibius dujardini, revealing major pathways involved in resistance against extreme environmental conditions. ESTs are available on the Tardigrade Workbench along with software and databank updates. Our analysis reveals that RNA stability motifs for M. tardigradum are different from typical motifs known from higher animals. M. tardigradum and H. dujardini protein clusters and conserved domains imply metabolic storage pathways for glycogen, glycolipids and specific secondary metabolism as well as stress response pathways (including heat shock proteins, bmh2, and specific repair pathways). Redox-, DNA-, stress- and protein protection pathways complement specific repair capabilities to achieve the strong robustness of M. tardigradum. These pathways are partly conserved in other animals and their manipulation could boost stress adaptation even in human cells. However, the unique combination of resistance and repair pathways make tardigrades and M. tardigradum in particular so highly stress resistant.}, language = {en} } @article{MaliGrohmeFoersteretal.2010, author = {Mali, Brahim and Grohme, Markus and F{\"o}rster, Frank and Dandekar, Thomas and Schn{\"o}lzer, Martina and Reuter, Dirk and Wełnicz, Weronika and Schill, Ralph O. and Frohme, Marcus}, title = {Transcriptome survey of the anhydrobiotic tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum in comparison with Hypsibius dujardini and Richtersius coronifer}, series = {BMC Genomics}, volume = {11}, journal = {BMC Genomics}, number = {168}, issn = {1471-2164}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6207}, pages = {11}, year = {2010}, abstract = {The phenomenon of desiccation tolerance, also called anhydrobiosis, involves the ability of an organism to survive the loss of almost all cellular water without sustaining irreversible damage. Although there are several physiological, morphological and ecological studies on tardigrades, only limited DNA sequence information is available. Therefore, we explored the transcriptome in the active and anhydrobiotic state of the tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum which has extraordinary tolerance to desiccation and freezing. In this study, we present the first overview of the transcriptome of M. tardigradum and its response to desiccation and discuss potential parallels to stress responses in other organisms.}, language = {en} } @article{WangGrohmeMalietal.2014, author = {Wang, Chong and Grohme, Markus and Mali, Brahim and Schill, Ralph O. and Frohme, Marcus}, title = {Towards Decrypting Cryptobiosis—Analyzing Anhydrobiosis in the Tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum Using Transcriptome Sequencing}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {9}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {3}, issn = {1932-6203}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6029}, pages = {15}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Many tardigrade species are capable of anhydrobiosis; however, mechanisms underlying their extreme desiccation resistance remain elusive. This study attempts to quantify the anhydrobiotic transcriptome of the limno-terrestrial tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum.}, language = {en} } @article{GrohmeMaliWełniczetal.2013, author = {Grohme, Markus and Mali, Brahim and Wełnicz, Weronika and Michel, Stephanie and Schill, Ralph O. and Frohme, Marcus}, title = {The Aquaporin Channel Repertoire of the Tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum}, series = {Bioinformatics and Biology Insights}, volume = {2013}, journal = {Bioinformatics and Biology Insights}, number = {7}, issn = {1177-9322}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:526-opus4-6092}, pages = {153 -- 165}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Limno-terrestrial tardigrades are small invertebrates that are subjected to periodic drought of their micro-environment. They have evolved to cope with these unfavorable conditions by anhydrobiosis, an ametabolic state of low cellular water. During drying and rehydration, tardigrades go through drastic changes in cellular water content. By our transcriptome sequencing effort of the limno-terrestrial tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum and by a combination of cloning and targeted sequence assembly, we identified transcripts encoding eleven putative aquaporins. Analysis of these sequences proposed 2 classical aquaporins, 8 aquaglyceroporins and a single potentially intracellular unorthodox aquaporin. Using quantitative real-time PCR we analyzed aquaporin transcript expression in the anhydrobiotic context. We have identified additional unorthodox aquaporins in various insect genomes and have identified a novel common conserved structural feature in these proteins. Analysis of the genomic organization of insect aquaporin genes revealed several conserved gene clusters.}, language = {en} }