O Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth
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Institute
Das SaaS-Geschäftsmodell stellt IT-Abteilungen vor neue Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten. IT-Abteilungen sind gefordert SaaS-Angebote in bestehende IT-Landschaften zu integrieren. Zudem können IT-Abteilungen selbst SaaS-Angebot bereitstellen und sich damit einen neuen Markt unternehmensintern und unternehmensübergreifend erschließen. GobiT und ITIL können für die Steuerung des SaaS-Lieferanten- und Kundenbeziehungsmanagement und für die SaaS-Produktion sinnvoll eingesetzt werden.
Business collaboration and information sharing becomes more and more important for companies, mainly driven by economics of scale and the strategic value of network knowledge. In this paper we will describe how process mining results will increase the willingness of cross company data aggregation and the usage of shared business collaboration infrastructures. The results of our contributions are based on process and data analyses in the customer relation management of a leading German passenger airline. As information sharing is considered a central challenge among supply chain partners, we describe the role of data aggregation as a requirement for process mining in collaborative infrastructures. Aggregating data on the one hand can preserve companies from compromising their local data. On the other hand valuable network information may get lost. We use process mining to derive collaborative business process models. Therefore, we evaluate the impact of data aggregation on the significance of process mining results.
Cloud Computing is emerging as a predominant paradigm for obtaining and providing computing functionality in the enterprise. Organizations that are planning to use cloud computing offerings struggle with the question “How do I choose the right offering?” Cloud offerings exhibit a variety of pricing models and different levels of service and functionality. In this article the authors define first Cloud Computing in the context of IT Governance. Then they set criteria to compare different offerings at the level of Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). This is an important precondition for the reduction of the verifiable information asymmetry and uncertainty in the cloud market. Besides deficiencies on the supply side, regarding configuration, display and communication of service bundles, the limited knowledge of potential buyers is main reason for the modest adoption. The authors apply strategies derived from information economics to reduce this asymmetry by integrating information substitutes in the service marketplace description, thereby transforming experience and credence qualities into search qualities.
For organizations that plan to use online software applications via Internet one of the most important questions is, ”How do you choose the right ASP for the companies corporate needs?”. ASP marketplaces offer a plurality of pricing models and different levels of service. From whole system and whole service to single applications and methods, every digital product and service can be provided through an ASP marketplace. There is a need for ASP marketplaces, which gives the user a transparent insight into the ASP market. In this paper we define Application Service Providing in the context of Outsourcing. Then we analyze relevant software classes for ASP marketplaces. Finally we will set criteria to compare different levels of service of ASP marketplace. This paper gives an overview of key characteristics ASP marketplace provider must take into account by preparing the business process in order to successfully deliver application services.
Cities in Europe face the challenge of combining competitiveness and sustainable urban development. Technology such as wireless communication and ubiquitous computing is playing an increasingly important role in this context, helping to co-create solutions which can make the urban space „smarter‟. The city of Berlin is launching the project „Wireless City Berlin‟ (WCB) to demonstrate the potential of such technologies in multiple application scenarios. This paper analyses the terms „smart‟ and „wireless‟ with respect to urban development and introduces a typology of wireless city initiatives. Further, it presents the main work areas of the WCB project and relates it to other wireless city initiatives in Europe.
Absolvent.de ist ein seit 1998 bestehendes Online-Jobportal, welches sich auf die Vermittlung von Jobs und Praktika für Hochschulabsolventen spezialisiert hat. Im Zuge eines bevorstehenden Relaunchs sollen neben den Funktionalitäten und eingesetzten Technologien auch das Corporate Design und das Webinterface Design erneuert werden. Die Entwicklung von Corporate Design und Webinterface Design für absolvent.de ist Gegenstand dieser Arbeit. Dazu werden im theoretischen Teil der Arbeit objektive Anforderungen und Funktionen des Corporate Designs und des Webinterface Designs genannt und erläutert. Im praktischen Teil werden am Beispiel des Online-Jobportals absolvent.de systematische Methoden für die Entwicklung eines den Anforderungen entsprechenden Corporate- und Webinterface Designs aufgezeigt und angewendet. Anhand des systematischen Vorgehens bei der Designentwicklung wird die schrittweise Verringerung der Komplexität der Aufgabenstellung deutlich und die entwickelten Ergebnisse werden plausibel und nachvollziehbar. Das Buch dient als Leitfaden bei der Entwicklung von Corporate Design und Webinterface Design und richtet sich somit an Grafik-, Web- und Interfacedesigner.
Dienstbasierte Architekturen bilden zunehmend eine attraktive Ergänzung zu den klassischen Geschäftsmodellen der Softwarenutzung. Das Buch erläutert die für webbasierte Dienste relevanten technischen und ökonomischen Konzepte. Anschließend werden unter Zuhilfenahme von empirischen Analysen und Experimenten aktuelle Markttrends und Marktprozesse beschrieben. Dabei gehen die Autoren auch auf die aus dem Konsumgüterbereich bekannten Vertrauensprobleme und Informationsasymmetrien ein und erörtern deren Konsequenzen für den Entwurf von erfolgreichen Geschäftsmodellen und Märkten. Einschlägige Fallstudien ergänzen die Darstellung.
RFID
(2010)
RFID bietet Unternehmen eine Vielzahl von Vorteilen im Bereich der Automatisierung und Prozesstransparenz. Gleichzeitig stellt die Technologie die Unternehmen vor technische, organisatorische, ökonomische, rechtliche und sozioökonomische Herausforderungen. In diesem Buch werden die grundlegenden Funktionen der RFID-Technologie und Lösungskonzepte zur Integration in die betrieblichen Informationssysteme vorgestellt. Insbesondere die Standards des Internet der Dinge' werden maßgeblich den Erfolg der RFID-Technologie beeinflussen. Für die RFID-Einführung in Unternehmen wird in diesem Buch ein methodisch fundiertes Vorgehensmodell präsentiert. Die während des Vorgehensmodells eingesetzten Entscheidungsmethoden zur Potential- und Wirtschaftlichkeitsanalyse werden ausführlich beschrieben und es wird auf unterstützende Softwarewerkzeuge verwiesen.
The continuous optimization of business processes is becoming an increasingly important factor for a company’s long-term success. Maturity models for business processes aim at maintaining a distinct quality of processes and help to determine the maturity level of the processes and the company’s maturity. Previous research has shown the lack of transparency and standardization for maturity models. In particular, existing maturity models were not scientifically compared and evaluated among themselves. Uncertainty and unawareness in selection and application of adequate
maturity models can be observed in applied science and practice. The aim of the scientific work was to evaluate existing business process maturity models in terms of strengths and weaknesses in order to provide a comprehensive and reliable knowledge-based on specific evaluation criteria setting. The conclusions have been used to take advantage of one of the pre-chosen models to measure the maturity of a business process. The examined models were CMMI, BPMM-OMG, PEMM and EDEN. The applied methodology consists of literature research, empirical findings and practical application. The empirical findings comprise a purpose-made questionnaire and an outcome weighted in terms of importance and / or appliance. A particular challenge of the research
was to compare the different maturity models based on their criteria, scales and general scope.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the motivations that lead higher education students to replace several Learning Management Systems (LMS) services with cloud file hosting services for information sharing and collaboration among them. The research approach is based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). More specifically, the model is devoted to identifying barriers and enablers to the acceptance of these technologies. A questionnaire comprising three factors (Attitude toward using technology, Perceived ease of use and Perceived usefulness) was applied to a sample consisting of 121 higher education students. Results show that the
perceived ease of use of cloud file hosting services is above that of LMS tools and services and that cloud file hosting services presented higher levels of perceived usefulness than standard learning management tools. In addition, attitude toward using cloud file hosting services is well above that of using LMS tools.
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A key point that remains to be addressed is the assurance of service levels for end-user applications that rely on these provider models. This chapter describes an approach for addressing non-functional properties (NFPs) of services in service-oriented architectures (SOA). The approach is based on reference models such as the IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) and the SOA life cycle model. It has been applied in several industrial settings in the telecommunications sector.
The purpose of this work is to provide a representative survey of current trends in the perception, assessment and adoption of cloud computing within the enterprise. Cloud computing can be regarded as the general principle for using and providing web and grid services. First, we provide a meta-study, where we evaluate existing and published empirical studies. Furthermore, we conduct and evaluate an own empirical study with a representative group of European and International enterprises. Key findings of the work include the significantly higher importance of Business Drivers for the adoption of cloud computing, as compared to Technical Drivers.
Enterprises today often strive to keep up with the paces of technological development. A particular case in point is the IT function where traditional governance approaches are often questioned by technology trends. Examples for such trends in the last ten years are the service-oriented architecture (SOA) and cloud computing. The introduction of SOA in the enterprise was one of the key enablers for cloud computing. Therefore, it can serve as a natural fit for bringing traditional IT governance approaches forward to the challenges of cloud governance. This article presents an approach for extending IT governance mindsets to the areas of SOA and cloud governance. It allows an IT organisation the adaptation and the continuous usage of already established governance knowledge and models during the adoption of cloud computing solutions. The authors also present an application case study where they demonstrate the feasibility of the approach in real-life scenarios in the context of an international telecommunication provider.
Knowledge of behavioral patterns of a system can contribute to an optimized management and governance of the same system, or of similar systems. While human experience often manifests itself as intuition, intuition can be notoriously misleading, particularly in the case of quantitative data and subtle relations between different data sets. This article augments managerial intuition with knowledge derived from a specific byproduct of automated transaction processing performance and log data of the processing software. More specifically, the authors consider data generated by incident management and ticketing systems within IT support departments. The authors’ approach utilizes a rigorous analysis methodology based on System Dynamics. This allows for identifying real causalities and hidden dependencies between different datasets. The authors can then use them to derive and assemble knowledge bases for improved management and governance in this context. This approach is able to provide more in depth insights as compared to typical data visualization and dashboard techniques. In the experimental results section, the authors demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. It is applied on real life datasets and log files from an international telecommunication provider and considered different improvements in management and governance that result from it.
Dependability should be considered throughout the phases of the SOA life cycle. This article proposes the application of a service level management approach to address dependability and presents dependability-related activities for every stage (Model, Assemble, Deploy, and Manage) of the SOA life cycle. Furthermore, we describe the concepts and the formalisms that are behind these activities. Following these activities service providers and aggregators can offer optimized levels of dependability from their existing services and thus better meet user requirements.
Cloud Computing is emerging as a predominant paradigm for obtaining and providing computing functionality in the enterprise. Organizations that are planning to use cloud computing offerings struggle with the question “How do I choose the right offering?” Cloud offerings exhibit a variety of pricing models and different levels of service and functionality. In this article the authors define first Cloud Computing in the context of IT Governance. Then they set criteria to compare different offerings at the level of Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). This is an important precondition for the reduction of the verifiable information asymmetry and uncertainty in the cloud market. Besides deficiencies on the supply side, regarding configuration, display and communication of service bundles, the limited knowledge of potential buyers is main reason for the modest adoption. The authors apply strategies derived from information economics to reduce this asymmetry by integrating information substitutes in the service marketplace description, thereby transforming experience and credence qualities into search qualities.
When optimizing IT operations organizations typically aim to optimize resource usage. In general, there are two kinds of IT resources - IT infrastructures and IT staff. An optimized utilization of these resources requires both quantitative and qualitative analysis. While IT infrastructures can offer raw data for such analyses, data about IT staff often requires additional preparation and augmentation. One source for IT staff-related data can be provided by incident management and ticketing systems. While performance data from such systems is often stored in logfiles it is rarely evaluated extensively. In this article we propose the usage of such data sources for IT staff behavior evaluation and also present the relevant augmentation techniques. We claim that our approach is able to provide more in-depth insights as compared to typical data visualization and dashboard techniques. Our modeling methodology is based on the approach of system dynamics. We also provide formal models and simulation results where we demonstrate the feasibility of the approach using real-life logfiles from an international telecommunication provider.
IT departments within enterprises often utilize incident management and ticketing systems. While performance data from such systems is often stored in logfiles it is rarely evaluated extensively. In this work we assess the applicability of an approach for extended evaluation of logged data from such systems. Our evaluation is focused on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and aims to discover more in-depth insights as compared to typical data visualization and dashboard techniques.
We also present a practical case study where we demonstrate the feasibility of the approach using real-life logfiles from an international telecommunication provider. Our modeling methodology is based on the approach of System Dynamics.
Service-oriented architecture (SOA) in the enterprise was one of the key enablers for cloud computing. Therefore, it can serve as a natural fit for bringing traditional IT governance approaches forward to the challenges of cloud governance. In this work we present an approach for mapping IT governance mindsets to the aspects of SOA governance. It allows an IT organisation the adaptation and the continuous usage of already established governance models during the adoption of cloud computing solutions. We also present an application case study where we demonstrate the feasibility of the approach in real-life scenarios in the context of an international telecommunication provider.
The smart grid development in Latin America shows a big gap in the amount of research and development when compared with the USA and EU where the topic has been active for almost 10 years. In this context two different models and expert surveys are used in this study to evaluate the readiness level of the city of Medellin to adopt smart grid technologies. The results of this study show that the City has the utilities, the knowledge, the universities and the human resource to become a role model in the region. But an effort to integrate all the actors and impulse a common agenda is required. The utility companies need to lead this development, but regulators, academia and industry must back up this endeavor and enable Medellin to lead the power grid development of the next years in the region.
Berlin ist eine der großen europäischen Hauptstädte mit einem breiten Angebot an öffentlichen Dienstleistungen (Public Services). 2003 hat der Berliner Senat den „Landesbetrieb für Gebäudebewirtschaftung" (LfG) gegründet, der die Facility Management Aktivitäten des Landes bündelt. Seit 2005 wird zusammen mit der TU Berlin der Einsatz innovativer Informations-technologien (IT) in diesem Bereich konsequent erweitert. Die Kombination aus einer unauffälligen (unobtrusiven) IT-Infrastruktur und einer flächendeckenden und kontextbezogenen Einsetzbarkeit wird oft als ambient bezeichnet und stellt sehr spezifische Anforderungen an die Gestaltung der Mensch-Maschine-Interaktionen. In diesem Beitrag wird die Gestaltung eines Systems für die Ver- und Entsorgung als Teil der Facility Management Aufgaben beschrieben. Ausgehend von der Beschreibung unseres Vorgehensmodells zur Erhebung der Ist-Prozesse und Usability Evaluation, werden in einem zweiten Schritt Nutzerprofile erstellt und die Ist-Prozesse um diese erweitert. Die zweite Hälfte des Beitrags beschreibt das eingeführte, ambiente Ver- und Entsorgungssystem, zusammen mit einigen Interaktionsszenarien. Abschließend erfolgt eine Evaluierung der Wirtschaftlichkeit und der Usability des Systems.
The emergence of the Internet of Services and the Internet of Devices opens new possibilities for societal computung scenarios. Ambient Intelligence (AmI) is a vision of an environment that puts the needs of the user in the center of the technological design process. An AmI environment consists of ubiquitous distributed devices such as sensors, displays, data memories which are embedded in everyday objects like walls, clothes, tables or the pavement. These devices are interconnected and seamlessly deliver applications and services to the user. AmI emphasizes the intelligence of the environments interfaces and the intelligence that can be achieved by correlating context information from different data sources. In this work we present an approach to transfer the AmI vision to the public services sector using the paradigm of service orientation and Cloud Computing. Based on scenarios in the healthcare sector the benefits and challenges of such transfer are presented.
In this report we present an architectural approach to add quality-of-service (QoS) assurance and location awareness to service-based systems within existing clinical infrastructures. To address typical design requirements of such systems (e.g., cooperating services, performance and availability) the work proposes a service-oriented architecture (SOA) as architectural concept and architectural translucency to provide stable QoS. We evaluate position sensing systems, QoS assurance approaches and present design principles for service-based health care applications. Furthermore, we present a clinical application scenario and an architectural approach to integrate existing infrastructure into a human centric assistance system.
Cloud computing, especially Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), changes the IT processes of companies for application deployment, access, usage, maintenance, governance and management. In an age of Bring-Your-Own-Device, small businesses through to globally operating companies increasingly support their employees and customers with SaaS-applications that allow access to internal and external business information. Whether employees are in the office, at a client facility, at home or on the road, they need fast, easy access to business applications with any type of device.
SaaS offers companies an interesting alternative to classical on-premise IT solutions. Cloud computing provides innovative applications, high connectivity and performance, cost reduction, flexibility and fast time to market with a minimum of effort. Cloud computing is a special form of outsourcing that has its roots in the fifties. Ten years ago similar concepts to cloud computing e.g. Application Service Providing (ASP) appeared and failed. But it seems that the willingness to use cloud computing is now much higher and the cost pressure effects of the financial crisis also motivate decision makers in companies to focus on cloud computing.
This contribution presents the results of actual scientific literature investigations alongside interviews with owners of Software-as-a-Service Marketplaces. It describes several types of SaaS marketplaces using different business models to bring together customers and providers. It shows that SaaS marketplaces are two-sided and demonstrates how platforms are emerging that bundle features into significant value propositions for both sides.
This work is relevant to firms who seek business solution recommendations beyond the focus of their on-premise-focussed advisors. It is also relevant for owners and potential owners of SaaS marketplaces and SaaS providers exploring alternatives in their distribution mix.
We present MagicMap, a cooperative, hybrid positioning system developed at the Humboldt-University in Berlin. While most other positioning systems are limited to specific scenarios and technologies our system provides means to incorporate any available wireless networking technology. Currently, MagicMap supports WLAN, RFID, and ZigBee as wireless technologies for positioning and Linux, Windows, and Windows CE as platforms. Position calculation and exchange is based on a cooperative approach allowing an open internet community to share the required data.
This paper determines the relevance of industrial property rights to the development of innovations in the fashion industry. It examines how the level of innovation can remain high despite a free exchange of intellectual property – fashion designs – within the industry:
The importance of innovation for a fashion business in the industry is determined by the choice of it’s competitive strategy. That is, either to be an innovator who creates fashion innovations or to be an imitator who adopts them once they have proven their ability to prevail in the market. The success of innovators depends largely on their ability to react to fashion trends, reinforced by the social role
of fashion products and to the extent of their potential to confer status on the owner. Thus the duration of a temporary monopoly gained by an innovation is limited not only by the market entrance of imitators – a period of time that
can be prolonged by making use of industrial property rights protection – but also by the constant changes in fashion, a process barely affected by the utilization
of intellectual property rights protection. A monopoly maintained by using intellectual property rights might very well not extend the product life cycle beyond the limits posed by the shifting changes of fashion; moreover, an extended life cycle maintained in these circumstances could seriously limit the innovators agility in satisfying consumer demand in line with fashion trends and provoke an inappropriate allocation of resources to developing unfashionable innovations, resulting in a much greater risk of product failure.