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The aim of this study is to carry out an economic analysis of the consequences that arose following the decriminalization of the issuance of bad checks in Turkey. In our statistical analysis we examined the legal situation of bouncing checks in three periods: before 2009 when the issuance of bad checks was subject to imprisonment, between 2009-2012 when a partial decriminalization took place and between 2012-2014 when the issuance of bouncing checks was fully decriminalized and penalties were reduced to only administrative fines. We test the hypotheses that partial or full decriminalization led to a rise in the number of bad checks in Turkey. We find that there is no statistical evidence for an association between the first, modest step of the decriminalization process (Law No. 5941) and the frequency with which checks bounced in Turkey. However, full decriminalization of bouncing checks (Law No. 6273) led to an increase in the frequency of bad checks. We also find that the establishment of a Risk Center by the Bank Association of Turkey helped to identify customers not worthy of credit and was successful in decreasing the frequency of bad checks. We conclude that in the case of Turkish check law imprisonment was more effective in deterring writers of bad checks than the administrative and civil sanctions that are now in place. Nonetheless, private credit screening efforts also promoted the targeted policy goal of limiting the number of bad checks in Turkey.
Das Studium der Rechtswissenschaften ist als eigenständiger Bestandteil in den meisten deutschen Studiengängen der Wirtschaftswissenschaft fest verankert. Der Aufsatz hat zum Ziel, die Inhalte und Lehrmethoden kritisch zu prüfen, die mehrheitlich in den juristischen Pflichtveranstaltungen im Wirtschaftsstudium verwendet werden. Sowohl Inhalte als auch Methoden der Lehre werden in der Regel aus der Ausbildung der Volljurist/innen übernommen. Ob aber Verfahren der Lehre, die für die Ausbildung von Jurist/innen entwickelt worden sind, uneingeschränkt auch für Wirtschaftswissenschaftler/innen geeignet sind, wurde im deutschsprachigen Raum bisher kaum diskutiert. Im Weiteren wird gezeigt, zu welchen Problemen die unreflektierte Übernahme von Lehrinhalten und Lehrmethoden ohne zielgruppengerechte Anpassung führt. Auf dieser Basis wird ein Vorschlag für die praxisorientierte Lehre rechtswissenschaftlicher Inhalte entwickelt. Es gilt, die in den Rechtswissenschaften bewährten Konzepte der Lehre den Bedürfnissen der Wirtschaftswissenschaftler/innen anzupassen und weiterzuentwickeln. Danach werden der rechtliche Lebenszyklus eines Unternehmens und Management-Fallstudien zu rechtlichen Problemen als didaktische Modelle vorgestellt und praktische Fragen der Lehre diskutiert. Ziel ist es, die Studierenden für die rechtlichen Probleme zu sensibilisieren, die in der betrieblichen Praxis von Bedeutung sind, und ihnen Kompetenzen zu vermitteln, mit deren Hilfe sie die in ihrem späteren beruflichen Alltag auftretenden Probleme erfolgreich bewältigen können.
This essay develops an entrepreneur-oriented theory of risk-taking and innovation that is used to examine the different leadership styles of family business owners. This theory is based on the works of Schumpeter, who mainly focussed on the potential of supply in the competition for innovation, and the works of Hayek, who emphasized the importance of demand in this competition. By combining these two theories, a comprehensive understanding of economic innovation processes is presented. In the subsequent empirical section of the essay, these theoretical ideals of supply-oriented and demand-oriented innovators will be examined for what they look like in practice. Data from India and Japan is analysed in this explorative empirical research to examine the influence of cultural, social and legal norms on entrepreneurial risk-taking and innovation behaviour. The perspectives on “foreign cultures” expand our understanding of management in a way that encourages innovation- friendly entrepreneurship.
On October 11th 2011 the European Commission proposed a Common European Sales Law (CESL) for the European Union. One of the main aims of this optional instrument is to help businesses to avoid the complexity associated with dealing with multiple mandatory provisions of their customers’ home jurisdictions. In this study I used one of the datasets published by the European Commission to predict the characteristics of businesses that would have benefited from the introduction of the CESL. I also test whether the CESL would be an effective measure for addressing some of the legal barriers that the Commission intends to overcome. My results provide support for the Commission’s claim that the adoption of a Common European Sales Law would benefit some businesses and that it would allow them to improve their operations on the European internal market. However, the CESL may not be effective as a measure for overcoming all of the legal barriers that the Commission intended to address with its proposal.